Lithium ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device and fire extinguishing method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a fire extinguishing method of a lithium ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device. The fire extinguishing method comprises the following steps: placing the lithium ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device in an energy storage station; a controller is used for controlling a pressure sensor, a fire detector, a refrigerating machine and a water cooling machine to work normally, and controlling a first switch valve and a second switch valve to be in a closed state; judging whether a fire occurs in the energy storage station; and if it is determined that a fire occurs in the energy storage station, the controller controls the first switch valve and the second switch valve to be opened, argon in the starting bottle is subjected to pressure reduction through the pressure reducing valve, the argon enters the low-temperature storage tank at a preset pressure value, and liquid argon in the low-temperature storage tank can form gas and liquid states and is output through the spraying pipe, so that the fire extinguishing effect is achieved. The invention further discloses a lithium ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device. By means of the mode, liquefied argon can be sprayed out when smoke and fire are detected, fire extinguishing of the lithium battery is facilitated, the short circuit phenomenon of the battery in the energy storage station can be prevented, and safety is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lithium-ion battery technology, specifically to a lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device and its fire extinguishing method. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries are high-energy materials with long cycle life and are currently widely used in new energy vehicles, chemical energy storage stations, and other fields. However, the fires caused by thermal runaway seriously threaten their safety and reliability. Thermal runaway refers to the rapid rise in local or overall temperature inside a lithium battery. The resulting high temperature decomposes the electrolyte, releasing large amounts of flammable gases such as H2, CO, CO2, and CH4, which can induce fires, explosions, and other phenomena, leading to a chain reaction in nearby batteries.

[0003] There are several causes of thermal runaway: Internal short circuits are mainly caused by defects in the manufacturing process, lithium dendrite growth, and external impacts or pressures that cause the diaphragm to rupture, resulting in a short circuit.

[0004] Overcharging and over-discharging can cause excessive delithiation of the positive and negative electrode materials, resulting in a decomposition reaction.

[0005] High ambient temperatures can accelerate the chemical reactions inside lithium batteries.

[0006] All three of these situations can generate high temperatures, leading to thermal runaway in lithium batteries. Generally, ternary lithium batteries enter a rapid development stage of thermal runaway at 150℃~200℃; the thermal runaway temperature of lithium iron phosphate batteries is above 350℃. Once it turns into a fire, commonly used fire extinguishing agents such as heptafluoropropane, perfluoroethyl ketone, dry powder, inert gas aerosol, fine water mist, and foam can only extinguish the open flame and cannot prevent the thermal runaway of the battery core from continuing. The only solution is to use cooling methods to continuously remove the heat from the core and stop the high-temperature decomposition of the electrolyte.

[0007] However, if water is used for cooling, a large amount is required, and under the operating conditions of an energy storage station, it could cause short circuits in other batteries. Summary of the Invention

[0008] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0009] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device to solve the aforementioned technical problems.

[0010] (II) Technical Solution

[0011] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device, comprising a cryogenic storage tank for storing liquefied argon, a starting bottle for storing argon, a controller, a pressure sensor electrically connected to the controller, a fire detector electrically connected to the controller, a first switching valve electrically connected to the controller, a pressure reducing valve electrically connected to the controller, a refrigeration unit electrically connected to the controller and used to control the temperature inside the cryogenic storage tank within a preset temperature range, and a water chiller electrically connected to the controller and used to remove heat from the refrigeration unit, characterized in that it further comprises: a cabinet with an internal cavity, the side of which is provided with... A door opening communicating with the inner cavity of the cabinet, wherein the pressure sensor is disposed inside the cryogenic storage tank, the cryogenic storage tank, the starting bottle, the refrigeration unit, and the water chiller are spaced apart within the inner cavity of the cabinet, the cryogenic storage tank is connected to the starting bottle via a delivery pipe, and the delivery pipe is provided with the first switching valve and the pressure reducing valve; a door, rotatably disposed on one side of the door opening of the cabinet to cover the door opening, wherein the controller is disposed on the inner side wall of the door; a nozzle, one end of which is connected to the output port of the cryogenic storage tank, and the other end of which is located outside the cabinet; wherein the fire detector is disposed on the outer wall of the cabinet and / or the door.

[0012] Furthermore, the nozzle is retractable and can be installed inside the cabinet.

[0013] Furthermore, the door body is provided with an observation hole, and a transparent glass layer is provided in the observation hole.

[0014] Furthermore, both the cabinet and the door are made of heat-insulating and fireproof panels.

[0015] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides another technical solution: a fire extinguishing method for a lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device, characterized in that the lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device described in any one of the above-mentioned claims is used for operation, and the fire extinguishing method includes: step S101: placing the lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device in an energy storage station; step S102: using the controller to control the pressure sensor, the fire detector, the refrigeration unit, and the water chiller to work normally, and controlling the first switch valve and the second switch valve to be in a closed state; step S103: determining whether a fire has occurred in the energy storage station; step S104: if it is determined that a fire has occurred in the energy storage station, the controller controls the first switch valve and the second switch valve to open, so that the argon gas in the starting bottle is depressurized by the pressure reducing valve, and the argon gas enters the cryogenic storage tank at a preset pressure value. The liquid argon in the cryogenic storage tank will form two states, gas and liquid, and be output through the nozzle to achieve the fire extinguishing effect.

[0016] Furthermore, the method also includes: step S201: determining whether the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor inside the cryogenic storage tank is lower than a preset value; step S202: if it is determined that the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor inside the cryogenic storage tank is lower than the preset value, using the refrigerator to cool the cryogenic storage tank so that the argon gas inside the cryogenic storage tank is in a liquid state, and simultaneously controlling the water chiller to work to remove the heat from the refrigerator.

[0017] Furthermore, the method also includes: Step S301: When using argon gas in both gaseous and liquid states in the nozzle, ensure that the flow rate in the nozzle with a diameter of DN10 is not less than 10 kg / s, and when it reaches the lithium battery box in the energy storage station, the pressure of the nozzle head is not less than 1 MPa. The nozzle head will spray the gaseous and liquid argon gas into each battery in the lithium battery box. The gaseous argon gas will extinguish the open flame, and the liquid argon gas will continuously reduce the temperature of the lithium battery core.

[0018] Furthermore, the method also includes: Step S401: The lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device is installed in the energy storage station via a moving mechanism, wherein multiple temperature sensors are arranged at intervals around the side wall of the moving mechanism, and a rotating platform is rotatably installed on the top of the cabinet, and a spraying mechanism is installed on the rotating platform, so that the spraying mechanism rotates with the rotating platform, and the spraying mechanism is connected to the nozzle through a hose, so that the gas-liquid two-phase argon gas output from the nozzle is sprayed out from the spraying mechanism; Step S402: The temperature values ​​of each battery box in the energy storage station are detected by multiple temperature sensors, and when it is determined that a fire has occurred in the energy storage station, the rotating platform is controlled to rotate to drive the spraying mechanism to rotate, so that the spraying direction of the spraying mechanism is consistent with the setting direction of the temperature sensor with the highest temperature detected by the multiple temperature sensors, so that the gas-liquid two-phase argon gas is sprayed out from the spraying mechanism in the direction of the highest temperature.

[0019] Furthermore, the method also includes: when determining that argon gas in both gas and liquid phases is being sprayed from the spraying mechanism in the direction of highest temperature, the moving mechanism drives the lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device to move in the direction of highest temperature.

[0020] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0021] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device and its fire extinguishing method, which has the following beneficial effects: The fire extinguishing method of the lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device disclosed in this invention includes: placing the lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device in an energy storage station; using a controller to control the pressure sensor, fire detector, chiller, and water chiller to work normally, and controlling the first and second switching valves to be in the closed state; determining whether a fire has occurred in the energy storage station; if a fire is determined to have occurred in the energy storage station, the controller controls the first and second switching valves to open, so that the argon gas in the starting bottle is depressurized by the pressure reducing valve, and the argon gas enters the cryogenic storage tank at a preset pressure value. The liquid argon in the cryogenic storage tank will form two states, gas and liquid, and be output through a nozzle to achieve the fire extinguishing effect. Through the above method, this invention can spray liquefied argon gas when smoke and fire are detected, which is beneficial for extinguishing lithium battery fires and can also prevent short circuits in the batteries in the energy storage station, thus ensuring high safety. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial structural schematic diagram of a lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit module structure of the lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic flowchart of the first embodiment of the fire extinguishing method of the lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the second embodiment of the fire extinguishing method of the lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the third embodiment of the fire extinguishing method of the lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] like Figure 1-3As shown, the present invention provides a lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device, which includes a cabinet 10, a door 11, a nozzle, a cryogenic storage tank 12 for storing liquefied argon, a starter bottle 13 for storing argon, a controller 14, a pressure sensor 141 electrically connected to the controller 14, a fire detector 142 electrically connected to the controller 14, a first switching valve 143 electrically connected to the controller 14, a pressure reducing valve 144 electrically connected to the controller 14, a refrigeration unit 15 electrically connected to the controller 14 and used to control the temperature inside the cryogenic storage tank 12 within a preset temperature range, and a water chiller 16 electrically connected to the controller 14 and used to remove heat from the refrigeration unit 15.

[0025] The cabinet 10 has an inner cavity 101, and the side of the cabinet 10 has a door opening that communicates with the inner cavity 101. The pressure sensor 141 is installed in the cryogenic storage tank 12. The cryogenic storage tank 12, the starter bottle 13, the refrigeration unit 15 and the water chiller 16 are spaced apart in the inner cavity 101.

[0026] Preferably, the cryogenic storage tank 12 is connected to the starter bottle 13 through a delivery pipe, wherein the delivery pipe is provided with a first switch valve 143 and a pressure reducing valve 144, so that after the first switch valve 143 is opened, the argon gas in the starter bottle 13 is depressurized by the pressure reducing valve 144, and the argon gas enters the cryogenic storage tank 12 at a preset pressure value. The liquid argon in the cryogenic storage tank 12 will be output in two states: gas and liquid.

[0027] The door 11 is rotatably mounted on one side of the door opening of the cabinet 10 to cover the door opening, while the controller 14 is located on the inner wall of the door. In other words, the controller 14 is not exposed outside the cabinet, which can effectively protect the controller 14 from the influence of external smoke and fire.

[0028] One end of the nozzle is connected to the output port of the cryogenic storage tank 12, and the other end of the nozzle is outside the cabinet 10, so that the gaseous and liquid argon in the cryogenic storage tank 12 is ejected through the nozzle. It should be understood that a second first switching valve is also provided in the nozzle for controlling the opening and closing of the nozzle and is electrically connected to the controller 14.

[0029] In this embodiment, the fire detector 142 is installed on the outer wall of the cabinet 10 and / or the door 11.

[0030] Preferably, the nozzle is retractable within the cabinet 10, allowing it to be moved to a predetermined location (such as the fire source) to spray the gaseous-liquid argon extinguishing medium, resulting in better fire extinguishing effect. It should be understood that the nozzle in this embodiment is made of a flexible hose, and the extension and retraction of the nozzle is controlled by extending and retracting the other end. For example, if a drive cylinder (such as a pneumatic cylinder) is provided on the outer wall of the cabinet 10 in the horizontal direction, the extension rod of the drive cylinder extends and retracts in the horizontal direction, and the other end of the nozzle is fixedly installed at the end of the extension rod of the drive cylinder, allowing the other end of the nozzle to extend and retract along with the extension rod of the drive cylinder.

[0031] Furthermore, the door body 11 is provided with an observation hole, and a transparent glass layer 111 is provided in the observation hole.

[0032] In this embodiment, both the cabinet 10 and the door 11 are made of heat-insulating and fireproof boards.

[0033] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown, the present invention also discloses a fire extinguishing method using a lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device, wherein the fire extinguishing device described above is used, and the fire extinguishing method includes: Step S101: Place the lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device inside the energy storage station.

[0034] Step S102: Use controller 14 to control pressure sensor 141, fire detector 142, chiller 15 and water chiller 16 to work normally, and control first switch valve 143 and second switch valve to be in the closed state.

[0035] Step S103: Determine whether a fire has occurred within the energy storage station; Step S104: If a fire is determined to occur in the energy storage station, the controller 14 controls the first switch valve 143 and the second switch valve to open, so that the argon gas in the starting bottle 13 is depressurized by the pressure reducing valve 144 and enters the cryogenic storage tank 12 at a preset pressure value. The liquid argon in the cryogenic storage tank 12 will form two states, gas and liquid, and be output through the nozzle to achieve the fire extinguishing effect.

[0036] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the fire extinguishing method of this lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device further includes: Step S201: Determine whether the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor 141 inside the cryogenic storage tank 12 is lower than the preset value.

[0037] Step S202: If it is determined that the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor 141 in the cryogenic storage tank 12 is lower than the preset value, the cryogenic storage tank 12 is cooled by the refrigerator 15 so that the argon gas in the cryogenic storage tank 12 is in a liquid state, and at the same time the water chiller 16 is controlled to work to remove the heat of the refrigerator.

[0038] Furthermore, the fire extinguishing method of the lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device also includes: Step S301: When using argon gas in both gas and liquid states in the nozzle, ensure that the flow rate in the nozzle with a diameter of DN10 is not less than 10 kg / s, and when it reaches the lithium battery box in the energy storage station, the pressure of the nozzle head is not less than 1 MPa. The nozzle head will spray the gas and liquid argon gas to each battery in the lithium battery box. The gaseous argon gas will extinguish the open flame, and the liquid argon gas will continuously reduce the temperature of the lithium battery core.

[0039] Furthermore, the fire extinguishing method of this lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device also includes: Step S401: The lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device is installed in the energy storage station via a mobile mechanism.

[0040] Preferably, multiple temperature sensors are spaced around the sidewalls of the mobile mechanism. A rotating platform is rotatably mounted on the top of the cabinet 10, and a spraying mechanism is mounted on the rotating platform. The spraying mechanism rotates with the rotating platform and is connected to a nozzle via a hose, so that the gas-liquid two-phase argon gas output from the nozzle is sprayed out from the spraying mechanism. It should be understood that since multiple temperature sensors are spaced around the sidewalls of the mobile mechanism, the temperature in various directions within the energy storage station can be detected by multiple temperature sensors.

[0041] Step S402: Use multiple temperature sensors to detect the temperature values ​​in various directions within the energy storage station, and when it is determined that a fire has occurred in the energy storage station, control the rotating platform to rotate to drive the spraying mechanism to rotate, so that the spraying direction of the spraying mechanism is consistent with the setting direction of the temperature sensor with the highest temperature detected among the multiple temperature sensors, so that the spraying mechanism sprays out gas-liquid two-phase argon gas in the direction with the highest temperature.

[0042] In other words, the spray mechanism is controlled to spray argon gas in the direction with the highest temperature in the energy storage station. This can effectively extinguish fires or put out the fire source. In addition, the argon gas sprayed from the spray mechanism is also an inert gas, which will not cause additional damage to the battery and equipment. Moreover, since it participates in fire extinguishing, it will not pollute the atmospheric environment.

[0043] Furthermore, the fire extinguishing method of the lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device also includes: when it is determined that argon gas in both gas and liquid phases is sprayed from the spraying mechanism in the direction of the highest temperature, the lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device is moved in the direction of the highest temperature by a moving mechanism.

[0044] It should be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0045] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A lithium ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device, comprising a low-temperature storage tank for storing liquefied argon gas, a starting bottle for storing argon gas, a controller, a pressure sensor electrically connected to the controller, a fire detector electrically connected to the controller, a first switch valve electrically connected to the controller, a pressure reducing valve electrically connected to the controller, a refrigerator electrically connected to the controller and used for controlling the temperature in the low-temperature storage tank to be within a preset temperature range, and a water chiller electrically connected to the controller and used for taking away the heat of the refrigerator, characterized in that, Also comprising: a cabinet body, which is internally provided with a receiving cavity, and which is provided with a door hole in communication with the receiving cavity; wherein the pressure sensor is arranged in the low-temperature storage tank, the low-temperature storage tank, the starting bottle, the refrigerator and the water chiller are arranged in the receiving cavity, the low-temperature storage tank is in communication with the starting bottle through a conveying pipe body, and the first switch valve and the pressure reducing valve are arranged in the conveying pipe body; a door body, which is rotatably arranged on one side of the door hole of the cabinet body, and which is used for covering the door hole; wherein the controller is arranged on the inner side wall of the door body; a spray pipe, one end of which is in communication with the output port of the low-temperature storage tank, and the other end of which is outside the cabinet body; wherein the fire detector is arranged outside the outer wall of the cabinet body and / or the door body.

2. The lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device of claim 1, wherein, The spray pipe is telescopically arranged in the cabinet body.

3. The lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device of claim 1, wherein, The door body is provided with an observation hole, and a transparent glass layer is arranged in the observation hole.

4. The lithium-ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device of claim 1, wherein, The cabinet body and the door body are both composed of heat-insulating fireproof plates.

5. A method of extinguishing fire by a lithium ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device, characterized in that, The lithium ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device of any one of claims 1-4 is used to work, and the fire extinguishing method comprises the following steps: S101: placing the lithium ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device in an energy storage station; S102: using the controller to control the pressure sensor, the fire detector, the refrigerator and the water chiller to work normally, and controlling the first switch valve and the second switch valve to be in a closed state; S103: judging whether a fire occurs in the energy storage station; S104: if it is determined that a fire occurs in the energy storage station, the controller controls the first switch valve and the second switch valve to be opened, so that the argon in the starting bottle is reduced in pressure by the pressure reducing valve, the argon enters the low-temperature storage tank at a preset pressure value, the liquid argon in the low-temperature storage tank forms a gas-liquid state, and is output through the spray pipe to achieve the fire extinguishing effect.

6. The method of extinguishing a fire according to claim 5, wherein, The method further comprises: S201: judging whether the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor in the low-temperature storage tank is lower than a preset value; S202: if it is determined that the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor in the low-temperature storage tank is lower than a preset value, using the refrigerator to refrigerate the low-temperature storage tank to make the argon in the low-temperature storage tank in a liquid state, and simultaneously controlling the water chiller to work to take away the heat of the refrigerator.

7. The method of extinguishing a fire according to claim 5, wherein The method further comprises: S301: when the gas-liquid two-phase argon in the spray pipe is used, ensuring that the flow in the spray pipe with a diameter of DN10 is not less than 10 kg / s, and when the spray head of the spray pipe reaches the lithium battery box in the energy storage station, the pressure of the spray head of the spray pipe is not less than 1 MPa, the spray head of the spray pipe sprays the gas-liquid two-phase argon to each battery in the lithium battery box, the gaseous argon can extinguish open flames, and the liquid argon can continuously reduce the temperature of the lithium battery core.

8. The method of extinguishing a fire according to claim 7, wherein, The method further comprises: Step S401: the lithium ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device is arranged in the energy storage station through a moving mechanism, wherein side walls of the moving mechanism are surrounded by a plurality of temperature sensors arranged at intervals, and a top end of the cabinet body is rotationally provided with a rotating table, and the rotating table is provided with a spraying mechanism, so that the spraying mechanism rotates with the rotating table, and the spraying mechanism is communicated with the spray pipe through a hose, so that the gas-liquid two-phase argon gas output by the spray pipe is sprayed from the spraying mechanism; Step S402: the temperature values of each battery box in the energy storage station are detected by using a plurality of temperature sensors, and when it is determined that a fire occurs in the energy storage station, the rotating table is controlled to rotate to drive the spraying mechanism to rotate, so that the spraying direction of the spraying mechanism is consistent with the arrangement direction of the temperature sensor with the highest temperature detected in the plurality of temperature sensors, and the gas-liquid two-phase argon gas is sprayed from the spraying mechanism in the direction with the highest temperature.

9. The method of extinguishing a fire according to claim 8, wherein, The method further comprises: when it is determined that the gas-liquid two-phase argon gas is sprayed from the spraying mechanism in the direction with the highest temperature, the lithium ion battery energy storage fire extinguishing device is driven by the moving mechanism to move in the direction with the highest temperature.

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