Magnetic liquid metal composite material and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a magnetic liquid metal composite material which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 92-99% of liquid metal base liquid, 1-8% of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, 0-2% of a dispersion stabilizer and 0-5% of an active reactant, the base liquid is gallium-indium-tin eutectic alloy or gallium-indium alloy; the dispersion stabilizer is perfluorooctyl sulfonic acid or (3-aminopropyl) triethoxy silane; and the active reactant is nano sulfur powder or red phosphorus. The invention further provides a preparation method and application of the MLM composite material. According to the magnetic liquid metal composite material and the preparation method thereof, the high heat conduction / electric conduction characteristic of liquid metal and the magnetic response characteristic of magnetic nanoparticles are combined through a specific surface modification process, and the magnetic liquid metal composite material with excellent fluidity, extremely high heat conductivity, good electric conductivity and strong external field driving force is prepared; the material can rapidly permeate into the battery, has three functions of shunting, cooling and passivating, and thoroughly extinguishes fire and prevents after-combustion from the source.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of new energy battery safety, and more particularly to a magnetic liquid metal composite material, a preparation method therefor, and an application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles and large-scale energy storage industries, the energy density of batteries is continuously increasing, and the thermal safety problem is increasingly prominent. Thermal runaway is the core of battery safety accidents. Once triggered, it will cause a violent chain reaction of heat release inside the battery, leading to fire and explosion.

[0003] The current mainstream battery fire extinguishing solutions have significant shortcomings: Traditional fire extinguishing agents (such as perfluorocyclohexanone and heptafluoropropane): mainly through gas-phase chemical inhibition to extinguish open flames, but cannot effectively penetrate into the battery interior to terminate the continuous endogenous electrochemical reaction, with a high risk of reignition, which is a "treatment of symptoms not the root cause".

[0004] Immersion cooling (such as fluorinated liquid): can physically cool and isolate oxygen, but cannot eliminate internal chemical energy. Once the cooling liquid is removed, there is still a possibility of reignition, and the system is bulky and costly.

[0005] For solid-state batteries / dense electrodes: the above solutions are almost completely ineffective, as the dense structure greatly hinders the penetration of fire extinguishing agents, making internal short-circuit points become "islands" that are difficult to reach by external intervention means.

[0006] Temperature adaptability: many fire extinguishing agents and systems will have a sharp decline or failure in performance under extreme low and high temperature environments, which cannot meet the needs of global deployment.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art for a revolutionary technical solution that can penetrate the interior of the battery, completely eliminate the thermal runaway reaction from both physical and chemical aspects, and reliably work under various climate conditions around the world. SUMMARY

[0008] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, one of the purposes of the present application is to provide a magnetic liquid metal composite material to solve the technical problems of high viscosity and large surface tension of pure liquid metal, which makes it difficult to quickly and spontaneously penetrate the interior of the battery, and the low boiling point, poor thermal conductivity, and insufficient chemical inertness of pure magnetic fluid (such as water-based and oil-based).

[0009] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical solutions: A magnetic liquid metal composite material comprises the following raw materials by weight percentage: 92-99% liquid metal base liquid, 1-8% Fe3O4 nanoparticles, 0-2% dispersant stabilizer, and 0-5% active reactant; wherein the liquid metal base liquid is a gallium indium tin eutectic alloy (EGaInSn) or a gallium indium alloy (EGaIn); the particle size of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles is controlled at 5-50 nm to ensure superparamagnetism and good dispersibility; and the dispersant stabilizer is perfluorooctyl sulfonic acid (PFOS, C8HF). 17 O3S) or (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES, C9H) 23 NO3Si), the surface of the nanoparticles is modified by perfluorooctyl sulfonic acid or (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, and the aggregation and sedimentation of the nanoparticles are prevented by steric hindrance or electrostatic repulsion; the active reactant is nano sulfur powder or red phosphorus.

[0010] This invention combines the high thermal / electrical conductivity of liquid metal with the magnetic response characteristics of magnetic nanoparticles through a specific surface modification process to produce a magnetic liquid metal composite material that possesses excellent fluidity (after actuation), extremely high thermal conductivity, good electrical conductivity, and strong external driving force. This material can quickly penetrate into the battery and has three functions: current diversion, cooling, and passivation, thus completely extinguishing fires at their source and preventing reignition.

[0011] The principle of the shunt function is as follows: the magnetic field generates eddy current heating and magnetization effects, applying a huge volume force to the MLM, causing it to penetrate the diaphragm / electrolyte like a "nano drill" within <100ms, reaching the short circuit point. The reaction (energy conversion) is: electrical energy → magnetic energy → kinetic energy (MLM movement) + thermal energy (local heating).

[0012] The cooling function works by using the MLM to shunt short-circuit current and cool the heat source.

[0013] The passivation principle is as follows: the sulfur or phosphorus added to the MLM reacts violently with the exposed lithium metal (Li) to generate stable, ionicly conductive electronic insulators (such as Li₂S, Li₃P), completely passivating the negative electrode and permanently eliminating reactivity. The reaction formulas are: 16Li + S₈ → 8Li₂S; 3Li + P → Li₃P.

[0014] A second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing the aforementioned magnetic liquid metal composite material, comprising the following steps: (1) Pretreatment: Place the liquid metal base liquid in a vacuum glove box and heat it to 40-60℃ to make it completely liquid; (2) Surface modification: Fe3O4 nanoparticles and dispersant stabilizer were dissolved in anhydrous ethanol and magnetically stirred for 24 hours. The stirring speed was controlled at 200-600 rpm. Then, after centrifugation, washing and drying, surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles were obtained.

[0015] (3) Ultrasonic dispersion: The modified magnetic nanoparticles and active reactant are added sequentially to the pretreated liquid metal. The mixture is placed in an ice-water bath (to prevent overheating). Using an ultrasonic cell disruptor, the mixture is ultrasonically treated in pulse mode at a power of 500-1000W for 1-4 hours until a uniform, stable, black gel-like fluid without obvious sedimentation is formed, thus obtaining the magnetic liquid metal (MLM) composite material.

[0016] Preferably, in step (1), the environment inside the vacuum glove box is set such that the contents of O2 and H2O are both less than 1 ppm.

[0017] Preferably, in step (2), the stirring speed is controlled to be 300-500 rpm.

[0018] Preferably, in step (3), the pulse mode operates for 5 seconds followed by a 2-second interval.

[0019] A third objective of this invention is to provide a battery thermal runaway complete eradication system, comprising an active temperature-controlled storage tank for storing magnetic liquid metal composite material, a spray device connected to the active temperature-controlled storage tank, a miniature high-speed solenoid valve connected between the active temperature-controlled storage tank and the spray device for controlling the opening and closing of the spray device, an electromagnetic drive unit, a sensing and early warning module, and an intelligent control unit (ECU); the electromagnetic drive unit includes an electromagnetic coil for generating an alternating magnetic field and a high-frequency AC power supply for supplying power to the electromagnetic coil; the sensing and early warning module includes a multi-parameter sensor for collecting battery physical state data and a fusion algorithm processor.

[0020] Furthermore, the active temperature-controlled storage tank has a double-layer vacuum insulation structure. The active temperature-controlled storage tank is equipped with a Peltier semiconductor temperature control module, a PT100 temperature sensor, and a PID controller. The PT100 temperature sensor detects the temperature inside the tank and feeds it back to the PID controller. The PID controller outputs a control signal, and the Peltier semiconductor temperature control module receives the control signal and performs cooling or heating according to the instructions. Regardless of whether the external environment is -40℃ or +85℃, the temperature of the magnetic liquid metal composite material inside the tank can always be maintained at 20±5℃ for optimal fluidity and function.

[0021] Furthermore, the nozzle of the spraying device is made of high-temperature resistant ceramic.

[0022] Furthermore, the miniature high-speed solenoid valve is made of a corrosion-resistant alloy and has a response time of <5ms.

[0023] Furthermore, the high-frequency AC power supply can generate high-frequency AC power with a frequency of 1kHz-1MHz and a maximum field strength of 100mT (adjustable field strength).

[0024] Furthermore, the multi-parameter sensor can monitor voltage (dV / dt), temperature (dT / dt), pressure (dP / dt), hydrogen (H2), and carbon monoxide (CO).

[0025] The fourth objective of this invention is to provide a method for suppressing battery thermal runaway, comprising the following steps: S1. Fill the above-mentioned active temperature-controlled storage tank with magnetic liquid metal composite material under an inert atmosphere. S2. Point the nozzle of the injection device toward the battery pressure relief valve or the predetermined injection point in the battery module. S3. When the battery experiences thermal runaway, multi-parameter sensors collect the battery's physical state data and perform calculations through the AI ​​fusion algorithm unit. Based on the calculation results, the initial signs of thermal runaway are confirmed and a warning signal is issued. The intelligent control unit (ECU) identifies the warning signal within 50ms and then simultaneously triggers injection and electromagnetic drive commands. The miniature high-speed solenoid valve opens, and the injection device sprays magnetic liquid metal composite material. At the same time, a high-frequency AC power supply powers the electromagnetic coil, which generates a strong alternating magnetic field to drive the magnetic liquid metal composite material to penetrate into the battery, extinguishing the fire and preventing reignition.

[0026] Furthermore, the electromagnetic coil is arranged on the battery in two ways: Mode A (external coil) and Mode B (embedded coil). Mode A (external coil) is a planar electromagnetic coil wound with Litz wire and arranged close to the battery pack casing. Mode B (embedded coil) is a miniature planar electromagnetic coil wrapped with polyimide film pre-embedded between the battery cells during the module design stage.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention combines the high thermal / electrical conductivity of liquid metal with the magnetic response characteristics of magnetic nanoparticles through a specific surface modification process to produce a magnetic liquid metal composite material that has excellent fluidity (after driving), extremely high thermal conductivity, good electrical conductivity and strong external driving force. This material can quickly penetrate into the battery and has the triple functions of current diversion, cooling and passivation, which can completely extinguish fires at the source and prevent reignition.

[0028] 2. This invention is the first to apply the electromagnetic eddy current driving principle to forced fluid penetration of porous media. That is, it uses a high-frequency alternating magnetic field to induce eddy currents in the MLM, thereby generating a strong, non-contact volume force on the MLM as a whole. Like an "invisible hand", it forcibly "presses" the MLM into the battery and penetrates the dense structure such as the separator and electrodes, thus realizing the physical intervention of thermal runaway inside the battery.

[0029] 3. This invention synchronizes the spraying of MLM and the application of the alternating magnetic field within milliseconds, ensuring maximum driving efficiency. Furthermore, the active temperature-controlled storage tank ensures that MLM maintains optimal fluidity and functionality in extreme global environments ranging from -40℃ to +85℃, solving the industry problem of traditional fire extinguishing systems failing in frigid or scorching environments. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram for preparing the magnetic liquid metal composite material of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the battery thermal runaway global eradication system mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic drive principle of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Unless otherwise specified, all test materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available. For any specific techniques or conditions not specified in the examples, they can be performed in accordance with the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or in accordance with the product instructions.

[0033] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for preparing a magnetic liquid metal composite material, including the following steps: (1) Pretreatment: Place the liquid metal base liquid in a vacuum glove box (the contents of O2 and H2O are both less than 1 ppm) and heat it to 40-60℃ (preferably 50℃) to make it completely liquid; (2) Surface modification: Fe3O4 nanoparticles and dispersant stabilizer are dissolved in anhydrous ethanol and magnetically stirred for 24 hours. The stirring speed is controlled at 200-600 rpm (preferably 300-500 rpm). Then, after centrifugation, washing and drying, surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles are obtained. (3) Ultrasonic dispersion: The modified magnetic nanoparticles and active reactant are added sequentially to the pretreated liquid metal. The mixture is placed in an ice-water bath (to prevent overheating). Using an ultrasonic cell disruptor, the mixture is ultrasonically treated for 1-4 hours (preferably 2 hours) at a power of 500-1000W (preferably 800W) in pulse mode (5s working, 2s intermittent) until a uniform, stable, black gel-like fluid without obvious sedimentation is formed, thus obtaining the magnetic liquid metal (MLM) composite material.

[0034] The raw materials, by weight percentage, are as follows: liquid metal base liquid 92-99%, Fe3O4 nanoparticles 1-8%, dispersant stabilizer 0-2%, and active reactant 0-5%; The liquid metal base liquid is a gallium indium tin eutectic alloy (EGaInSn) or a gallium indium alloy (EGaIn). The particle size of Fe3O4 nanoparticles is controlled between 5-50 nm to ensure superparamagnetism and good dispersibility. The dispersant and stabilizer is perfluorooctyl sulfonic acid or (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane; The active reactant is nano sulfur powder or red phosphorus.

[0035] Example 2 This embodiment provides a battery thermal runaway complete eradication system, including an active temperature-controlled storage tank for storing the magnetic liquid metal composite material prepared in Example 1, a spray device connected to the active temperature-controlled storage tank, a miniature high-speed solenoid valve connected between the active temperature-controlled storage tank and the spray device for controlling the opening and closing of the spray device, an electromagnetic drive unit, a sensing and early warning module, and an intelligent control unit (ECU); the electromagnetic drive unit includes an electromagnetic coil for generating an alternating magnetic field and a high-frequency AC power supply for supplying power to the electromagnetic coil; the sensing and early warning module includes a multi-parameter sensor for collecting battery physical state data and a fusion algorithm processor.

[0036] Specifically, the active temperature control tank has a double-layer vacuum insulation structure. Inside the active temperature control tank, there is a Peltier semiconductor temperature control module, a PT100 temperature sensor, and a PID controller. The PT100 temperature sensor detects the temperature inside the tank and feeds it back to the PID controller. The PID controller outputs a control signal, and the Peltier semiconductor temperature control module receives the control signal and performs cooling or heating according to the instructions. Regardless of whether the external environment is -40℃ or +85℃, the temperature of the magnetic liquid metal composite material inside the tank can always be maintained at 20±5℃ for optimal fluidity and function.

[0037] The nozzle of the spray device is made of high-temperature resistant ceramic.

[0038] The miniature high-speed solenoid valve is made of corrosion-resistant alloy and has a response time of <5ms.

[0039] High-frequency AC power supplies can generate high-frequency AC power with a frequency of 1kHz-1MHz and a maximum field strength of 100mT (the field strength is adjustable).

[0040] The multi-parameter sensor can monitor voltage (dV / dt), temperature (dT / dt), pressure (dP / dt), hydrogen (H2), and carbon monoxide (CO).

[0041] There are two ways to arrange the electromagnetic coil on the battery: Mode A (external coil) and Mode B (embedded coil). Mode A (external coil) is a planar electromagnetic coil wound with Litz wire and arranged close to the battery pack shell. Mode B (embedded coil) is a miniature planar electromagnetic coil wrapped with polyimide film pre-embedded between the cells during the module design stage.

[0042] The working mechanism of the battery thermal runaway global eradication system is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the electromagnetic drive mechanism is as follows Figure 3 As shown.

[0043] Example 3 This embodiment applies the magnetic liquid metal composite material (MLM) prepared in Example 1 and the battery thermal runaway global eradication system in Example 2 to the thermal runaway protection of a high-nickel ternary lithium-ion battery (18650 type) for automobiles. The experimental parameters are as follows: Test subject: Single 2.2Ah 18650 battery, SOC=100%.

[0044] The raw material composition of MLM (by weight percentage) is: 97% gallium indium alloy (EGaIn) + 2.5% Fe3O4 nanoparticles (20nm) + 0.5% (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES).

[0045] System setup: A planar electromagnetic coil wound with Litz wire is arranged close to the battery pack casing, and the magnetic field parameters are set to 300kHz and 60mT; the nozzle of the injection device is pointed to the battery pressure relief valve or the predetermined injection point inside the battery module.

[0046] Experimental Procedure: A needle puncture trigger caused thermal runaway in the battery. Multi-parameter sensors collected the battery's physical state data (dV / dt) and the AI ​​fusion algorithm unit performed calculations. Based on the calculation results, the thermal runaway initiation was confirmed and a warning signal was issued. The intelligent control unit (ECU) recognized the warning signal within 50ms and then simultaneously triggered injection and electromagnetic drive commands. The miniature high-speed solenoid valve opened, and the injection device sprayed 0.2ml of magnetic liquid metal composite material. At the same time, a high-frequency AC power supply powered the electromagnetic coil, which generated a strong alternating magnetic field.

[0047] Results: MLM was absorbed and penetrated to the short circuit point within 80ms, and the battery temperature reached a maximum of only 185℃ (compared to >700℃ and ignition in the control group), and then cooled down without reignition.

[0048] Example 4 This embodiment applies the magnetic liquid metal composite material (MLM) prepared in Example 1 and the battery thermal runaway global eradication system in Example 2 to the thermal runaway protection of oxide solid-state battery modules. The experimental parameters are as follows: Test subject: 2Ah NCM-oxide electrolyte-lithium metal pouch battery.

[0049] The raw material composition of MLM (by weight percentage) is: 95% gallium indium alloy (EGaIn) + 3% Fe3O4 nanoparticles (20nm) + 2% nano sulfur powder.

[0050] System setup: A miniature planar electromagnetic coil wrapped in polyimide film is pre-embedded between the battery cells, and the magnetic field parameters are set to 1MHz and 80mT; the nozzle of the injection device is pointed to the battery pressure relief valve or the predetermined injection point in the battery module.

[0051] Experimental process: Overcharging triggers an internal short circuit in the battery. Multi-parameter sensors collect battery physical state data (H2 and CO parameters) and perform calculations through an AI fusion algorithm unit. Based on the calculation results, the initiation of thermal runaway is confirmed and a warning signal is issued. The intelligent control unit (ECU) recognizes the warning signal within 50ms and then simultaneously triggers injection and electromagnetic drive commands. The miniature high-speed solenoid valve opens, and the injection device sprays 0.3ml of magnetic liquid metal composite material. At the same time, a high-frequency AC power supply supplies power to the electromagnetic coil, which generates a strong alternating magnetic field.

[0052] Results: The magnetic field drives the MLM to penetrate the dense oxide electrolyte layer. The sulfur in the MLM reacts with the lithium metal to form a Li2S passivation layer, successfully isolating the short circuit point. The voltage drops to 0V, and the rest of the module remains intact.

[0053] Example 5 This embodiment applies the magnetic liquid metal composite material (MLM) prepared in Example 1 and the battery thermal runaway global eradication system in Example 2 to the thermal runaway protection of a sodium-ion battery pack (low-temperature environment). The experimental parameters are as follows: Test subject: 50Ah sodium-ion battery pack, ambient temperature -30℃.

[0054] The raw material composition of MLM (by weight percentage) is: 95% gallium indium alloy (EGaIn) + 3% Fe3O4 nanoparticles (20nm) + 2% nano sulfur powder.

[0055] System setup: A miniature planar electromagnetic coil wrapped in polyimide film is pre-embedded between the battery cells, and the magnetic field parameters are set to 1MHz and 80mT; the nozzle of the injection device is pointed to the battery pressure relief valve or the predetermined injection point in the battery module.

[0056] Experimental process: Overcharging triggers an internal short circuit in the battery. Multi-parameter sensors collect battery physical state data (H2 and CO parameters) and perform calculations through an AI fusion algorithm unit. Based on the calculation results, the initiation of thermal runaway is confirmed and a warning signal is issued. The intelligent control unit (ECU) recognizes the warning signal within 50ms and then simultaneously triggers injection and electromagnetic drive commands. The miniature high-speed solenoid valve opens, and the injection device sprays 0.3ml of magnetic liquid metal composite material. At the same time, a high-frequency AC power supply supplies power to the electromagnetic coil, which generates a strong alternating magnetic field.

[0057] Results: The fluidity of MLM was maintained, successfully suppressing thermal runaway in sodium batteries.

[0058] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following significant and measurable beneficial effects, as shown in the table below:

[0059] 1. Radical cure: Through the dual mechanism of "physical diversion + chemical passivation", the chemical basis of thermal runaway is completely eliminated, achieving a leap from "treating the symptoms" to "treating the root cause".

[0060] 2. Extreme speed and depth: Electromagnetic drive ensures millisecond-level response and penetration speed, solving the industry problem of traditional agents being unable to penetrate.

[0061] 3. Global adaptability: The unique active temperature control design ensures the system's immediate availability and reliability in any extreme climate around the world.

[0062] 4. Broad applicability: Its intervention in thermal runaway is based on physical and fundamental chemical reactions, thus it is universally applicable to both existing and future battery systems.

[0063] 5. Safety: The final reaction products are harmless and stable alloys and sulfides / phosphides, and no toxic gases are produced.

[0064] The embodiments disclosed in this invention are preferred embodiments, but are not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can easily understand the spirit of this invention based on the above embodiments and make different extensions and variations, but as long as they do not depart from the spirit of this invention, they are all within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A magnetic liquid metal composite, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following weight percentages: liquid metal base fluid 92-99%, Fe3O4 nanoparticles 1-8%, dispersion stabilizer 0-2%, and active reagent 0-5%; The liquid metal base fluid is a gallium-indium-tin eutectic alloy or a gallium-indium alloy; The Fe3O4 nanoparticles have a particle size controlled in the range of 5-50 nm; The dispersion stabilizer is perfluorooctanesulfonic acid or (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane; The active reagent is nano sulfur powder or red phosphorus.

2. A method of producing the magnetic liquid metal composite as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The method includes the following steps: (1) Pretreatment: The liquid metal base fluid is placed in a vacuum glove box and heated to 40-60℃ to make it completely liquid; (2) Surface modification: The Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the dispersion stabilizer are dissolved in anhydrous ethanol, magnetically stirred for 24 h, the stirring speed is controlled in the range of 200-600 rpm, then centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles; (3) Ultrasonic dispersion: The modified magnetic nanoparticles and the active reagent are sequentially added to the pretreated liquid metal, the mixture is placed in an ice water bath, and an ultrasonic cell crusher is used to ultrasonically treat the mixture at a power of 500-1000 W in pulse mode for 1-4 h until a uniform, stable, and black gel-like fluid without obvious sedimentation is formed, thereby obtaining a magnetic liquid metal composite.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein: In step (1), the environment in the vacuum glove box is set to have an O2 and H2O content of less than 1 ppm.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the magnetic liquid metal composite is prepared by: In step (3), the pulse mode is operated in a mode of working for 5 s and intermittently for 2 s.

5. A battery thermal runaway global eradication system characterized by: The system includes an active temperature control storage tank for storing the magnetic liquid metal composite of claim 1 or the magnetic liquid metal composite prepared by the method of any one of claims 2-4, a spraying device in communication with the active temperature control storage tank, a micro high-speed electromagnetic valve connected between the active temperature control storage tank and the spraying device and used to control the opening and closing of the spraying device, an electromagnetic driving unit, a sensing and warning module, and an intelligent control unit ECU; the electromagnetic driving unit includes an electromagnetic coil for generating an alternating magnetic field and a high-frequency alternating power source for supplying power to the electromagnetic coil; the sensing and warning module includes a multi-parameter sensor for collecting battery physical state data and a fusion algorithm processor.

6. The battery thermal runaway global eradication system of claim 5, wherein: The active temperature control storage tank has a double-layer vacuum insulation structure, and a Peltier semiconductor temperature control module, a PT100 temperature sensor, and a PID controller are arranged in the active temperature control storage tank; the PT100 temperature sensor detects the temperature in the tank and feeds back to the PID controller, the PID controller outputs a control signal, and the Peltier semiconductor temperature control module receives the control signal and performs refrigeration or heating according to the instruction, so that the temperature of the magnetic liquid metal composite in the tank is always maintained at 20±5℃.

7. The battery thermal runaway global eradication system of claim 5, wherein: The response time of the micro high-speed electromagnetic valve is less than 5 ms.

8. The battery thermal runaway global eradication system of claim 5, wherein: The high-frequency alternating power source can generate high-frequency alternating current with a frequency of 1 kHz-1 MHz and a field strength of up to 100 mT.

9. A method of inhibiting thermal runaway of a battery, the method comprising: The method includes the following steps: S1, the magnetic liquid metal composite material of claim 1 or the magnetic liquid metal composite material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 2-4 is filled into the actively temperature-controlled storage tank of any one of claims 5-8 under an inert atmosphere; S2, the nozzle of the injection device is pointed to the battery pressure relief valve or the predetermined injection point in the battery module, and the electromagnetic coil is arranged on the battery; S3, when the battery occurs thermal runaway, the multi-parameter sensor collects the physical state data of the battery and is calculated by the fusion algorithm processor, the thermal runaway is confirmed to germinate according to the calculation result and a warning signal is sent, the intelligent control unit ECU identifies the warning signal within 50ms, then synchronously triggers the injection and electromagnetic driving instructions, the miniature high-speed electromagnetic valve is opened, the injection device sprays the magnetic liquid metal composite material, at the same time, the high-frequency alternating current power supply supplies power to the electromagnetic coil, the electromagnetic coil generates a strong alternating magnetic field to drive the magnetic liquid metal composite material to penetrate into the battery, extinguish the fire and prevent the fire from rekindling.

10. The method of suppressing thermal runaway of a battery of claim 9, wherein: The arrangement mode of the electromagnetic coil on the battery includes mode A and mode B; mode A is that a planar electromagnetic coil wound by a Litz wire is arranged close to the battery pack shell; mode B is that a miniature planar electromagnetic coil wrapped with a polyimide film is pre-embedded between the battery cells in the module design stage.

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