Small inner hole laser cladding device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding, in particular to a small inner hole laser cladding device which is characterized in that a tubular main body comprises a light inlet connector, a collimation module, a medium input module, an extension rod module, a focusing module and an output module which are sequentially connected from back to front; a laser channel penetrating front and back is formed in the tubular body, and the axis of the laser channel upwards deviates from the axis of the tubular body. A collimating lens, a protective lens I, a focusing lens, a protective lens II and a plane mirror are sequentially arranged in the laser channel from back to front, the protective lens II is arranged at the front end of the focusing module, and the plane mirror is arranged at the top of the output module; a protective gas hood is arranged at the front end of the output module, the protective gas hood is of a front-back through cylindrical structure, the rear end of the protective gas hood is communicated with the laser channel, and the front end of the protective gas hood inclines downwards; and the laser beam is transmitted to the plane mirror through the laser channel and then can be emitted from the protective gas hood. The distance between the plane mirror and the molten pool is increased, and the damage probability of the plane mirror is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cladding technology, and more specifically to a laser cladding device for small internal holes. Background Technology

[0002] Laser cladding technology uses a high-energy laser beam as a heat source to clad metal powder materials onto the surface of parts, preparing a high-performance protective coating that improves the surface hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, and high-temperature resistance of the material, thereby improving the service life of parts, production efficiency, and product quality.

[0003] With the increasing demand for internal surface strengthening of components in the industrial sector, internal hole laser cladding technology has developed rapidly, with a particularly strong market demand for laser cladding of small-diameter internal holes (specifically referring to internal holes with an inner diameter of less than 60mm). However, taking the patent "Internal Wall Laser Cladding Device and its Optical Path Structure" with publication number CN212476886U as an example, each transmission arm section in this device adopts an integral circular tube structure. Laser transmission relies on the through hole at the axis of the transmission arm section. This axis channel simultaneously undertakes the dual functions of laser transmission and coaxial protective gas delivery, and the axis through hole is always located at the center of the transmission arm section. At the end of the optical path, the device uses a parabolic mirror as the final stage lens. After the laser beam is transmitted and reaches the parabolic mirror, it is turned and focused by the parabolic mirror, and finally shot downwards from the cladding head onto the surface of the internal hole to be clad.

[0004] In the aforementioned laser cladding device, the distance between the molten pool and the final-stage mirror is already very close. When applying this device to small-diameter internal hole cladding scenarios, to adapt to the inner diameter of the hole, the overall volume of the cladding device may need to be further reduced, leading to a further compression of the distance between the molten pool and the final-stage mirror. Since molten metal powder inevitably produces spatter during cladding, and the distance between the molten pool and the final-stage mirror is too close, the spatter can easily directly impact and burn the final-stage mirror. Once the final-stage mirror is damaged, it will directly cause laser beam energy attenuation and reduced transmission stability, thereby lowering the cladding pass rate. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problem that existing laser cladding devices for small-diameter holes require further reduction in overall size to accommodate the inner diameter, leading to a further compression of the distance between the molten pool and the final stage mirror, making it easy for spatter to directly impact and burn the final stage mirror, causing laser beam energy attenuation, decreased transmission stability, and consequently lower cladding pass rate, this invention provides a laser cladding device for small-diameter holes.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A small-aperture laser cladding device includes a tubular body, which comprises, from back to front, an input connector, a collimation module, a media input module, an extension rod module, a focusing module, and an output module. The tubular body has a through-type laser channel, with its axis offset upwards from the axis of the tubular body. Within the laser channel, from back to front, are arranged a collimating lens, a first protective lens, a second protective lens, and a plane mirror. The collimating lens is located within the collimation module, the first protective lens is located at the front end of the media input module, the focusing lens is located at the rear end of the focusing module, the second protective lens is located at the front end of the focusing module, and the plane mirror is located at the top of the output module. The output module has a protective gas hood at its front end. The protective gas hood is a through-type cylindrical structure, with its rear end connected to the laser channel and its front end tilted downwards. The laser beam is transmitted through the laser channel to the plane mirror and, after reflection, exits from the front end of the protective gas hood.

[0007] With the above structural design, the centerline of the laser channel is offset upwards from the centerline of the tubular main body. This causes the position of the plane mirror located at the top of the output module to move upwards, increasing the distance between the plane mirror and the molten pool, reducing the probability of damage to the plane mirror, thereby ensuring the stability of the cladding process, improving the cladding pass rate, and extending the service life of the plane mirror. From back to front, the laser channel is equipped with a collimating lens, a first protective lens, a focusing lens, a second protective lens, and a plane mirror. The first and second protective lenses respectively protect the collimating lens and the focusing lens in front, preventing dust, splashes, and other contaminants from damaging the core optical lenses and extending the service life of the entire device.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of a small-diameter laser cladding device, the output module includes an output base. The rear end of the output base contains a right-side powder channel, a water-cooling channel, a water return channel, a left-side powder channel, a cable channel, and a protective gas channel. The centerlines of these channels are parallel to the centerline of the laser channel. These channels surround the laser channel. A uniform gas ring is located at the rear end of the output base. The uniform gas ring is coaxially aligned with the laser channel, and its inner diameter matches the inner diameter of the laser channel. The outer diameter of the rear end of the uniform gas ring is larger than the outer diameter of the front end. The outer circumferential surface of the rear end of the uniform gas ring is in sealed contact with the inner wall of the output base. An annular gap exists between the outer circumferential surface of the front end of the uniform gas ring and the inner wall of the output base. The front end of the annular gap communicates with the laser channel and with the front end of the protective gas channel.

[0009] With the above structural design, the protective gas enters the annular gap formed by the gas equalization ring and the inner wall of the output base through the first protective gas channel. Since the outer diameter of the rear end of the gas equalization ring is larger than that of the front end, the protective gas can be uniformly distributed within the annular gap. It then smoothly enters the laser channel and flows towards the front end, forming a continuous and stable protective gas barrier in front of the second protective mirror and the plane mirror. This effectively prevents spatter generated during cladding from breaking through the airflow and entering the protective gas shield, damaging the plane mirror. Simultaneously, it isolates the air, reducing lens oxidation. Furthermore, the protective gas enters from the first protective gas channel at the rear end of the output base, is homogenized through the annular gap, and flows towards the front end along the laser channel. It has a sufficiently long transmission path to form a stable airflow, ensuring that the protective gas covers the critical area from the second protective mirror to the plane mirror and then to the molten pool. This protects both the optical lenses and the molten pool, reducing molten pool oxidation and improving the quality of the cladding layer. Third, the right powder channel 1, water cooling channel 1, return water channel 1, left powder channel 1, cable channel 1, and protective gas channel 1 inside the rear end of the output base are all parallel to the laser channel axis and set around the laser channel. Each channel is independently separated, which can realize the stable transmission of metal powder, coolant, sensor cable, and protective gas respectively, avoiding mutual interference between different media during transmission.

[0010] As a preferred implementation of a small internal hole laser cladding device, the bottom of the rear end of the output base is provided with an external leakage vertical hole. The axis of the external leakage vertical hole is perpendicular to the axis of the gas equalization ring. The top of the external leakage vertical hole is connected to the annular gap, and the bottom of the external leakage vertical hole is provided with a sealing plug.

[0011] With the above structural design, the top of the external leakage vertical hole at the bottom rear end of the output base is connected to the annular gap. When dust, metal powder residue, or other impurities accumulate in the annular gap, the sealing plug at the bottom can be removed, and the annular gap can be cleaned through the external leakage vertical hole (e.g., by blowing in high-pressure gas or injecting cleaning fluid). This prevents impurities from clogging the annular gap and affecting the uniformity and flow of the protective gas, ensuring the stability of the protective gas barrier. Additionally, a sealing plug is installed at the bottom of the external leakage vertical hole. During normal operation, the sealing plug seals the external leakage vertical hole, preventing protective gas leakage and ensuring that all protective gas enters the annular gap and is transported forward along the laser channel. Simultaneously, it prevents external dust and impurities from entering the annular gap through the external leakage vertical hole and contaminating the channel, ensuring the overall sealing of the device.

[0012] As a preferred implementation of a small internal hole laser cladding device, the front end of the output base is provided with powder outlet pipe one and powder outlet pipe two. Powder outlet pipe one and powder outlet pipe two are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the protective gas hood. The axis of powder outlet pipe one, the axis of powder outlet pipe two and the axis of the protective gas hood intersect at the same point. The rear end of powder outlet pipe one is connected to the front end of powder channel one on the left side, and the rear end of powder outlet pipe two is connected to the front end of powder channel one on the right side.

[0013] With the above structural design, powder outlet pipe one and powder outlet pipe two are respectively located on the left and right sides of the protective gas hood, and their centerlines intersect the protective gas hood's centerline at the same point, which is the point of action of the laser beam (the molten pool position). Metal powder is transported to powder outlet pipe one and powder outlet pipe two via left powder channel one and right powder channel one, respectively, ensuring precise delivery to the molten pool position. This ensures the powder and laser beam interact fully, reducing powder waste and allowing the molten powder to evenly cover the surface to be clad, improving the uniformity and density of the cladding layer. Furthermore, the symmetrical distribution of powder outlet pipe one and powder outlet pipe two on both sides of the protective gas hood allows for simultaneous delivery of metal powder from both sides of the molten pool, avoiding problems such as uneven heating of the molten pool and asymmetrical powder distribution caused by single-sided powder delivery. This ensures a stable cladding process and reduces the probability of defects such as cracks and porosity in the cladding layer.

[0014] As a preferred implementation of a small internal hole laser cladding device, the front bottom of the output base is provided with a connecting water channel and a water-cooled sealing cover plate, and the two ends of the connecting water channel are respectively connected to the first water-cooling channel and the first return water channel.

[0015] The above structural design connects the cooling channel 1 and the return channel 1, allowing the coolant to form a complete circulation path. During operation, the coolant enters through the cooling channel 1, absorbs heat from the output base as it flows through the connecting channel, and then exits through the return channel 1, effectively removing heat generated during the output module's operation (such as heat from laser irradiation or frictional heat from metal powder), preventing damage from overheating. This invention achieves connectivity between the cooling channel 1 and the return channel 1 by setting a connecting channel at the bottom front of the output base, eliminating the need for additional external pipes connecting the two channels. This simplifies the water-cooling structure of the output module, reduces the number of external pipelines, and better suits the compact requirements of small-diameter internal cladding scenarios. A water-cooling sealing cover is installed on the outside of the connecting channel to seal it, preventing coolant leakage from the points where the connecting channel contacts the outside. This avoids coolant leakage affecting the internal optical lenses (e.g., causing moisture or contamination) or metal powder (e.g., causing powder agglomeration and clogging of the channels), ensuring stable operation of the water-cooling system.

[0016] As a preferred implementation of a small internal hole laser cladding device, the front bottom of the output base is provided with an installation cavity and a temperature control sealing cover. The installation cavity is located behind the connecting water channel. An infrared temperature sensor is installed in the installation cavity. The installation cavity is connected to the laser channel through a detection channel. The front end of the detection channel is tilted upward to face the mirror surface of the plane mirror. The detection probe of the infrared temperature sensor faces the detection channel. The infrared temperature sensor can collect the temperature of the plane mirror through the detection channel.

[0017] In this structural design, an infrared temperature sensor is located within the mounting cavity, collecting the temperature of the planar reflector through a detection channel tilted towards the reflector surface. When the reflector's reflectivity decreases due to contamination (such as dust or splashes), it absorbs more laser energy, causing its surface temperature to rise. Similarly, when the reflector is damaged, abnormal temperature fluctuations occur. The infrared temperature sensor can capture these temperature changes in real time, promptly detecting any abnormalities. The host computer compares the temperature data transmitted by the infrared temperature sensor with a preset normal operating temperature threshold. When the temperature exceeds the threshold, it can automatically issue a warning or shut down the control device, preventing accidents such as laser leakage and severe degradation of cladding quality caused by continuous abnormal operation of the reflector (e.g., high temperature causing the reflector to crack), thus ensuring the safe operation of the device. In this invention, the detection channel is tilted upwards towards the reflector surface, allowing the infrared temperature sensor's probe to accurately align with the reflector, reducing blind spots and external interference (such as the indirect effects of high-temperature radiation from the molten pool). This ensures that the collected temperature data accurately reflects the actual temperature of the reflector, improving detection accuracy. A temperature-controlled sealing cover is installed on the outside of the mounting cavity to isolate the infrared temperature sensor from the outside environment, preventing splashes and dust generated during the cladding process from directly impacting or contaminating the infrared temperature sensor. At the same time, it reduces the impact of drastic temperature fluctuations on the sensor and extends the sensor's service life.

[0018] As a preferred implementation of a small-aperture laser cladding device, the focusing module includes a focusing lens barrel. A focusing lens is pressed and installed inside the focusing lens barrel by a focusing lens locking nut. A second protective lens is pressed and installed inside the focusing lens barrel by a second protective lens locking nut. Both the focusing lens locking nut and the second protective lens locking nut are threadedly connected to the focusing lens barrel. The interior of the focusing lens barrel is provided with a right-side powder channel II, a water-cooling channel II, a water return channel II, a left-side powder channel II, a cable channel II, and a protective gas channel II that run through the front and back. The right-side powder channel II is coaxial and connected to the right-side powder channel II, the water-cooling channel II is coaxial and connected to the water-cooling channel II, the water return channel II is coaxial and connected to the water return channel II, the left-side powder channel II is coaxial and connected to the left-side powder channel II, the cable channel II is coaxial and connected to the cable channel II, and the protective gas channel II is coaxial and connected to the protective gas channel II.

[0019] Using the above structural design, the focusing lens is pressed and installed inside the focusing lens barrel by a focusing lens locking nut, and the second protective lens is pressed and installed inside the focusing lens barrel by a second protective lens locking nut. Both locking nuts are threadedly connected to the focusing lens barrel. This threaded connection ensures that the lens is securely installed, preventing lens displacement due to vibration during device operation and ensuring that the laser beam is transmitted accurately along the preset path (e.g., the focusing lens accurately focuses, and the second protective lens does not deviate or obstruct the laser beam). Furthermore, the right-side powder channel two, water-cooling channel two, return water channel two, left-side powder channel two, cable channel two, and protective gas channel two inside the focusing lens barrel are coaxially connected to the corresponding right-side powder channel one, water-cooling channel one, return water channel one, left-side powder channel one, cable channel one, and protective gas channel of the output module. This coaxial design ensures smooth transmission of various media at the channel connections, avoiding problems such as powder blockage, coolant leakage, and protective gas loss caused by channel misalignment, and ensuring stable transmission of metal powder, coolant, cable signals, and protective gas. Third, the focusing module precisely connects with the output module and subsequent extension rod module through each channel, eliminating the need for complex adapters, simplifying the connection structure between modules, reducing the difficulty of device assembly, and facilitating the disassembly and replacement of modules during subsequent maintenance (e.g., if the focusing lens is damaged, the focusing module can be disassembled separately for repair).

[0020] As a preferred implementation of a small-diameter laser cladding device, the extension rod module includes an extension rod, the interior of which is provided with a right-side powder channel three, a water-cooling channel three, a return water channel three, a left-side powder channel three, a cable channel three, and a protective gas channel three that run through the front and back. The right-side powder channel three is coaxial with and connected to the right-side powder channel two, the water-cooling channel three is coaxial with and connected to the water-cooling channel two, the return water channel three is coaxial with and connected to the return water channel two, the left-side powder channel three is coaxial with and connected to the left-side powder channel two, the cable channel three is coaxial with and connected to the cable channel two, and the protective gas channel three is coaxial with and connected to the protective gas channel two.

[0021] By adopting the above structural scheme, the extension rod of the extension rod module can increase the overall length of the tubular body, allowing the device to extend into deeper inner holes for cladding operations. This breaks through the limitations of traditional short-sized cladding devices on operating depth, adapting to the cladding requirements of deep, small-diameter inner holes. Furthermore, the number of extension rod modules can be increased or different lengths can be used, improving the flexibility and versatility of the device structure and reducing equipment costs for cladding operations at different depths. Secondly, the right-side powder channel three, water-cooling channel three, return water channel three, left-side powder channel three, cable channel three, and protective gas channel three inside the extension rod are coaxial and connected to the corresponding channels of the focusing module. Each channel runs through the front and back of the extension rod, enabling long-distance transmission of metal powder, coolant, cable signals, and protective gas. The channels are independently separated, avoiding mutual interference between media during transmission and ensuring stable operation of each system during deep-hole operations (e.g., effective heat dissipation during long-distance coolant transport and unobstructed powder transport).

[0022] As a preferred implementation of a small-diameter laser cladding device, the medium input module includes an input module base. A protective mirror is installed inside the input module base by a protective mirror locking nut, and the protective mirror locking nut is threadedly connected to the input module base. The front end of the input module base has four channels: a right-side powder channel, a water-cooling channel, a return water channel, a left-side powder channel, a cable channel, and a protective gas channel. The right-side powder channel is coaxial with and connected to the right-side powder channel, the water-cooling channel is coaxial with and connected to the water-cooling channel, the return water channel is coaxial with and connected to the return water channel, and the left-side powder channel is coaxial with and connected to the left-side powder channel. The powder channel three is coaxial and connected, the cable channel four is coaxial and connected to the cable channel three, and the protective gas channel four is coaxial and connected to the protective gas channel three. The input module base is equipped with a right powder inlet connector, a water inlet connector, a water return connector, a left powder inlet connector, a sensor cable connector, and a protective gas connector. The right powder inlet connector is connected to the rear end of the right powder channel four, the water inlet connector is connected to the rear end of the water cooling channel four, the water return connector is connected to the rear end of the water return channel four, the left powder inlet connector is connected to the rear end of the left powder channel four, the sensor cable connector is connected to the rear end of the cable channel four, and the protective gas connector is connected to the rear end of the protective gas channel four.

[0023] Using the above structural design, in this invention, the protective mirror is securely installed within the input module base via a protective mirror locking nut. The threaded connection ensures a firm installation of the protective mirror and facilitates subsequent maintenance (e.g., if the protective mirror is contaminated or damaged, the locking nut can be unscrewed for quick replacement), reducing maintenance time and costs. Furthermore, the input module base is equipped with a right-side powder inlet connector, a water inlet connector, a water return connector, a left-side powder inlet connector, a sensor cable connector, and a protective gas connector, corresponding to the right-side powder channel four, water-cooling channel four, water return channel four, left-side powder channel four, cable channel four, and protective gas channel four, respectively. The centralized arrangement of these connectors allows external powder supply equipment, coolant circulation equipment, control cables, and protective gas supply equipment to connect to the device via their respective connectors, simplifying external pipeline connections, reducing the risk of malfunctions caused by cluttered pipelines, and improving the overall neatness and safety of the device. Third, each channel of the input module base is coaxial and connected with the corresponding channel of the extension rod module to ensure that each medium can be smoothly transmitted to the subsequent module after entering the channel from the external equipment through the connector. This avoids problems such as powder blockage, coolant leakage, protective gas pressure loss, and signal transmission interruption caused by channel misalignment, and ensures the overall stable operation of the device.

[0024] As a preferred implementation of a small-aperture laser cladding device, the collimation module includes a collimation base with four adjusting screws connected to it. The four adjusting screws extend from the outside of the collimation base into its interior, and their axes are perpendicular to the axis of the laser channel. The four adjusting screws are evenly spaced around the laser channel. A collimation lens barrel is provided inside the collimation base. The outer wall of the collimation lens barrel abuts against the ends of the four adjusting screws that extend into the collimation base. The collimation lens barrel is coaxially arranged with the laser channel. The collimation lens is pressed and installed in the collimation lens barrel by a collimation locking nut, which is threadedly connected to the collimation lens barrel.

[0025] With the above structural design, four adjusting screws penetrate from the outside of the collimating base into the inside and abut against the outer wall of the collimating lens tube, and are evenly spaced around the laser channel. By adjusting the insertion length of the four adjusting screws, the collimating lens tube can be moved in a fine-tuned position (such as up and down, left and right) within the collimating base, thereby adjusting the position of the collimating lens inside the collimating lens tube. This ensures that the collimating lens can accurately shape the incident laser beam into parallel light, guaranteeing the focusing accuracy and transmission stability of the subsequent laser beam and improving the cladding quality. Second, the collimating lens is pressed and installed in the collimating lens tube by a collimating locking nut. The threaded connection locks the collimating lens firmly in place within the collimating lens tube. At the same time, the collimating lens tube is pressed and fixed within the collimating base by the four adjusting screws. This double fixing structure prevents the collimating lens from shifting or loosening due to vibration during device operation, ensuring stable collimation performance. Third, the adjusting screw is located outside the collimation base. Operators can directly adjust the position of the collimation lens by rotating the adjusting screw from the outside without disassembling other parts of the collimation module. This makes the operation simple, reduces the difficulty of device debugging, and shortens the debugging time (if the laser collimation accuracy decreases after the device is assembled or after long-term use, it can be quickly calibrated by adjusting the screw).

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention include: 1. The laser channel's axis is offset upwards from the tubular main body's axis, causing the plane mirror located at the top of the output module to move upwards. This increases the distance between the plane mirror and the molten pool, reducing the probability of damage to the plane mirror, thereby ensuring a stable cladding process, improving the cladding pass rate, and extending the plane mirror's lifespan. Within the laser channel, from back to front, are arranged a collimating lens, a first protective lens, a focusing lens, a second protective lens, and a plane mirror. The first and second protective lenses respectively protect the collimating and focusing lenses in front, preventing dust, splashes, and other contaminants from damaging the core optical lenses and extending the overall lifespan of the device.

[0027] 2. The protective gas achieves uniform distribution within the annular gap, then smoothly enters the laser channel and flows towards the front end, forming a continuous and stable protective gas barrier in front of the second protective mirror and the plane mirror. This effectively prevents spatter generated during cladding from breaking through the airflow and entering the protective gas shield, damaging the plane mirror. Simultaneously, it isolates the lens from air, reducing lens oxidation. Furthermore, the protective gas enters from the first protective gas channel at the rear of the output base, is homogenized through the annular gap, and then flows towards the front end along the laser channel. This provides a sufficiently long transmission path to form a stable airflow, ensuring that the protective gas covers the critical area from the second protective mirror to the plane mirror and then to the molten pool. This protects both the optical lenses and the molten pool, reducing molten pool oxidation and improving the quality of the cladding layer.

[0028] 3. When a plane mirror is burned or contaminated, its reflectivity decreases, leading to increased absorption of laser beam energy and a rise in mirror temperature. This invention uses an infrared temperature sensor to collect the plane mirror's temperature, and the contamination status can be determined based on the mirror's surface temperature. When the plane mirror's reflectivity decreases due to contamination (such as dust or splashes), it absorbs more laser energy, causing a rise in surface temperature. When the mirror is damaged, abnormal temperature fluctuations also occur. The infrared temperature sensor can capture these temperature changes in real time, promptly detecting mirror abnormalities. The host computer can compare the temperature data transmitted by the infrared temperature sensor with a preset normal operating temperature threshold. When the temperature exceeds the threshold, it can automatically issue a warning or control the device to shut down, preventing accidents such as laser leakage and severe degradation of cladding quality caused by continuous abnormal operation of the plane mirror (such as mirror cracking due to high temperature), thus ensuring the safe operation of the device.

[0029] 4. This invention integrates light, water, gas, powder, and electricity into the interior of a small-hole laser cladding device, reducing the overall volume. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a small internal hole laser cladding device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a small internal hole laser cladding device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the collimation module in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a perspective view of the media input module in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a front view of the front end of the extension rod module in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a front view of the front end of the focusing module in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of the structure at point B in the middle section; Figure 9 This is a perspective view of the output module after the water-cooled sealing cover and the temperature-controlled sealing cover are hidden in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] List of components and reference numerals: 1. Optical input connector; 2. Collimation module; 201. Collimation base; 202. Collimation lens; 203. Collimation lens barrel; 204. Collimation locking nut; 205. End face plug seal 1; 206. Adjusting screw; 207. Sealing ring 1; 3. Media input module; 301. Input module base; 302. Protective mirror one; 303. Protective mirror locking nut one; 304. Sealing ring two; 305. Sealing ring three; 306. Protective air connector; 307. Right side powder inlet connector; 308. Water inlet connector; 309. Water return connector; 310. Left side powder inlet connector; 311. Sensor cable connector; 312. Sealing ring four; 3011, Water-cooled channel four; 3012, Right-side powder channel four; 3013, Protective gas channel four; 3014, Cable channel four; 3015, Left-side powder channel four; 3016, Return water channel four; 4. Extension rod module; 402. Sealing ring five; 403. Sealing ring six; 401. Extension rod; 4011. Water cooling channel three; 4012. Right side powder channel three; 4013. Protective gas channel three; 4014. Cable channel three; 4015. Left side powder channel three; 4016. Return water channel three; 5. Focusing module; 501. Focusing lens barrel; 502. Focusing lens; 503. Focusing lens locking nut; 504. Protective lens two; 505. Protective lens locking nut two; 506. Sealing ring seven; 507. Sealing ring eight; 5011, Water-cooled channel 2; 5012, Right-side powder channel 2; 5013, Protective gas channel 2; 5014, Cable channel 2; 5015, Left-side powder channel 2; 5016, Return water channel 2; 6. Output module; 601. Output base; 602. Gas equalization ring; 603. Plane reflector; 604. Protective gas cover; 605. Water-cooled sealing cover; 606. Infrared temperature sensor; 607. Temperature control sealing cover; 608. Cable sealing ring; 609. Sealing ring nine; 610. Sealing ring ten; 611. Sealing ring eleven; 612. Sealing plug; 613. Powder outlet pipe one; 614. Powder outlet pipe two; 615. Tightening screw; 616. Annular gap; 617. External vertical hole; 618. Mounting cavity; 6011. Right side powder channel 1; 6012. Water cooling channel 1; 6013. Return water channel 1; 6014. Left side powder channel 1; 6015. Cable channel 1; 6016. Protective gas channel 1; 6017. Connecting water channel; 7. Laser beam; 8. Laser channel. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specific embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 This embodiment proposes a small internal hole laser cladding device, including a tubular body. The tubular body includes an input light connector, a collimation module, a medium input module, an extension rod module, a focusing module, and an output module connected in sequence from back to front. The tubular body is provided with a laser channel 8 that runs through the front and back. The axis of the laser channel 8 is offset upward from the axis of the tubular body, and the laser beam 7 can be injected into the laser channel 8 from the input light connector.

[0035] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 The collimation module 2 includes: a collimation base 201, a collimation lens 202, a collimation lens barrel 203, a collimation locking nut 204, an end face plug 205, an adjusting screw 206, a sealing ring 207, and an end face plug 205. The collimation lens 202 is installed in the collimation lens barrel 203 and fixed by the collimation locking nut 204. Two end face plugs 205 are respectively installed on both sides of the collimation lens barrel 203. The collimation lens barrel 203 is installed in the collimation base 201. Four adjusting screws 206 are installed in the collimation base 201 and press against the collimation lens barrel 203. By adjusting the position of the four adjusting screws 206, the position of the collimation lens 202 is adjusted, thereby adjusting the position of the laser beam 7, so as to achieve the effect of the laser beam 7 and the output of the metal powder being concentric.

[0036] Reference Figure 5The media input module 3 includes: an input module base 301, a protective mirror 302, a protective mirror locking nut 303, a sealing ring 304, a sealing ring 305, a protective gas connector 306, a right-side powder inlet connector 307, a water inlet connector 308, a water return connector 309, a left-side powder inlet connector 310, a sensor cable connector 311, and a sealing ring 312. The input module base 301 has a water cooling channel 3011, a right-side powder channel 3012, a protective gas channel 3013, a cable channel 3014, a left-side powder channel 3015, and a water return channel 3016. The protective mirror 302 is installed in the input module base 301 via the protective mirror locking nut 303. The protective mirror 302 can protect the collimating lens 202, reducing the probability of contamination of the collimating lens 202. Sealing ring 2 304 is installed on the input module base 301 to seal the connection between the media input module 3 and the extension rod module 4. Sealing ring 3 305 is installed on the input module base 301 to seal the connection between the collimation module 2 and the media input module 3. Protective gas connector 306 is installed on the input module base 301 and communicates with protective gas channel 4 3013. Right powder inlet connector 307 is installed on the input module base 301 and communicates with right powder channel 4 3012. Water inlet connector 308 is installed on the input module base 301 and communicates with water cooling channel 4 3011. Water return connector 309 is installed on the input module base 301 and communicates with water return channel 4 3016. Left powder inlet connector 310 is installed on the input module base 301 and communicates with left powder channel 4 3015. Sensor cable connector 311 is installed on the input module base 301 and communicates with cable channel 4 3014. The sealing ring 4 312 is installed between the medium input module 3 and the extension rod module 4. There are 5 sealing rings 4 312, which are respectively installed on the outside of the water cooling channel 4 3011, the right powder channel 4 3012, the protective gas channel 4 3013, the left powder channel 4 3015 and the return water channel 4 3016.

[0037] Reference Figure 1-2 and Figure 6The extension rod module 4 includes: an extension rod 401, a sealing ring 402, and a sealing ring 403. The extension rod 401 has a water-cooling channel 4011, a right-side powder channel 4012, a protective gas channel 4013, a cable channel 4014, a left-side powder channel 4015, and a return water channel 4016, which respectively connect to the water-cooling channel 4011, the right-side powder channel 4012, the protective gas channel 4013, the cable channel 4014, and the left-side powder channel 4016. Channel 4 3015 and return water channel 4 3016 are connected; sealing ring 5 402 is installed on extension rod 401 for sealing the connection between extension rod module 4 and focusing module 5; sealing ring 6 403 is installed between extension rod module 4 and focusing module 5; there are 5 sealing rings 6 403, which are respectively installed on the outside of water cooling channel 3 4011, right powder channel 3 4012, protective gas channel 3 4013, left powder channel 3 4015 and return water channel 3 4016.

[0038] Reference Figure 1-2 and Figure 7 The focusing module 5 includes: a focusing lens barrel 501, a focusing lens 502, a focusing lens locking nut 503, a second protective lens 504, a second protective lens locking nut 505, a seventh sealing ring 506, and a eighth sealing ring 507. The focusing lens barrel 501 has a second water cooling channel 5011, a right-side powder channel 5012, a second protective gas channel 5013, a second cable channel 5014, a second-side powder channel 5015, and a second water return channel 5016, which are respectively connected to the third water cooling channel 4011, the third-side powder channel 4012, the third protective gas channel 4013, the third cable channel 4014, the third-side powder channel 4015, and the third water return channel 4016. The focusing lens 502 is installed in the focusing lens barrel 501 via the focusing lens locking nut 503, and the second protective lens 504 is installed in the focusing lens barrel 501 via the second protective lens locking nut 505. The second protective lens 504 reduces the probability of contamination of the focusing lens 502. The sealing ring 7 506 is installed between the focusing module 5 and the output module 6. There are 5 sealing rings 7 506, which are respectively installed on the outside of the water cooling channel 2 5011, the right powder channel 2 5012, the protective gas channel 2 5013, the left powder channel 2 5015, and the return water channel 2 5016.

[0039] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 8 and Figure 9The output module 6 includes: an output base 601, a gas equalization ring 602, a plane reflector 603, a protective gas cover 604, a water-cooled sealing cover 605, a sealing ring 10 610, a sealing ring 11 611, a sealing plug 612, a powder outlet pipe 1 613, a powder outlet pipe 2 614, and a tightening screw 615. The output base 601 has: a right powder channel 6011, a water cooling channel 6012, a return water channel 6013, a left powder channel 6014, a cable channel 6015, a protective gas channel 6016, and a connecting water channel 6017. The water cooling channel 6012, the right powder channel 6011, the protective gas channel 6016, the cable channel 6015, the left powder channel 6014, and the return water channel 6013 are respectively connected to the second water cooling channel 5011, the second right powder channel 5012, the second protective gas channel 5013, the second cable channel 5014, the second left powder channel 5015, and the second return water channel 5016. The output base 601 has a connecting water channel 6017 and a water-cooled sealing cover 605 at its front bottom. The connecting water channel 6017 connects the water-cooling channel 6012 and the return water channel 6013. The water-cooled sealing cover 605 is installed on the output base 601 to block the connecting water channel 6017. A sealing ring 610 is installed between the water-cooled sealing cover 605 and the output base 601. A sealing plug 612 is installed on the output base 601 and blocks the external leakage vertical hole 617 of the protective gas channel 6016. The sealing ring 611 is installed on the gas equalization ring 602. The gas equalization ring 602 is installed in the output base 601 and forms a gas equalization space and an outlet gap with the output base 601. A plane reflector 603 is installed on the output base 601, and a protective gas cover 604 is installed on the output base 601. An infrared temperature sensor 606 is installed in the mounting cavity 618 at the bottom of the output base 601 and aligned with the mirror surface of the plane reflector 603. The mounting cavity 618 is located behind the connecting water channel 6017. A cable sealing ring 608 is installed in the cable channel 1 6015. A temperature control sealing cover 607 is installed on the output base 601, sealing the mounting cavity 618. A sealing ring 9 609 is installed between the temperature control sealing cover 607 and the output base 601. Powder outlet pipe 1 613 and powder outlet pipe 2 614 are respectively installed on the output base 601 by two tightening screws 615 and are connected to the left powder channel 1 6014 and the right powder channel 1 6011 respectively. The center of the protective gas cover 604 converges at a point with the center of powder outlet pipe 1 613 and powder outlet pipe 2 614.

[0040] The motion process in a specific implementation example is as follows: The laser beam 7 enters the laser channel 8 through the light input connector 1. The collimating lens 202 shapes the diverging light of the laser beam 7 into a parallel light, and then the focusing lens 502 shapes it into a converging beam. The converging beam of the laser beam 7 is reflected by the plane mirror 603 and emitted through the protective gas shield 604.

[0041] Inert protective gas enters protective gas channel four 3013 through protective gas connector 306, and then passes through protective gas channel three 4013, protective gas channel two 5013, and protective gas channel one 6016 in sequence before entering the annular gap 616 formed between the gas equalization ring 602 and the output base 601 for homogenization. The protective gas forms a circular protective gas barrier through the annular gap 616 between the output base 601 and the gas equalization ring 602, and enters the interior of the laser channel 8. It is then discharged from the small inner hole laser cladding device through the protective gas cover 604 via the plane mirror 603 and blown onto the molten pool, thereby protecting the molten pool, reducing spatter, and preventing spatter generated during the cladding process from contaminating the plane mirror 603 and the second protective mirror 504.

[0042] Metal powder enters the small inner hole laser cladding device simultaneously through the right powder inlet connector 307 and the left powder inlet connector 310, and exits the device sequentially through the right powder channel 4 3012, right powder channel 3 4012, right powder channel 2 5012, right powder channel 1 6011, powder outlet pipe 2 614, and the left powder channel 4 3015, left powder channel 3 4015, left powder channel 2 5015, left powder channel 1 6014, and powder outlet pipe 1 613. The powder then converges with the laser beam 7 outside the device, melting the converged metal powder and attaching it to the surface of the workpiece.

[0043] The coolant enters the small inner hole laser cladding device through the water inlet connector 308, and flows sequentially through water cooling channel 4 3011, water cooling channel 3 4011, water cooling channel 2 5011, water cooling channel 1 6012, connecting water channel 6017, return water channel 1 6013, return water channel 2 5016, return water channel 3 4016, and return water channel 4 3016. Finally, it exits the small inner hole laser cladding device through the return water connector 309, carrying away the heat from the small inner hole laser cladding device.

[0044] Infrared temperature sensor 606 collects the temperature on the plane reflector 603 and transmits it to the host computer. The host computer converts the signal and displays the real-time temperature. When the plane reflector 603 is contaminated, its reflectivity decreases, thereby increasing the energy absorbed by the laser beam 7, which leads to an increase in the surface temperature of the plane reflector 603. The host computer automatically determines whether the plane reflector 603 is contaminated based on a preset normal operating temperature threshold.

[0045] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A small-bore laser cladding device comprising a tubular body, characterized in that, The tubular body comprises, from back to front, a light inlet joint (1), a collimation module (2), a medium input module (3), an extension rod module (4), a focusing module (5) and an output module (6); the tubular body is internally provided with a laser channel (8) extending through from front to back, and the axial line of the laser channel (8) is offset upward from the axial line of the tubular body; The laser channel (8) is internally provided, from back to front, with a collimation lens (202), a protection lens I (302), a focusing lens (502), a protection lens II (504) and a plane mirror (603); the collimation lens (202) is arranged in the collimation module (2), the protection lens I (302) is arranged at the front end of the medium input module (3), the focusing lens (502) is arranged at the rear end of the focusing module (5), the protection lens II (504) is arranged at the front end of the focusing module (5), and the plane mirror (603) is arranged at the top of the output module (6); The front end of the output module (6) is provided with a protection gas cover (604), the protection gas cover (604) is a tubular structure extending through from front to back, the rear end of the protection gas cover (604) is in communication with the laser channel (8), and the front end of the protection gas cover (604) is arranged in an inclined downward manner; the laser beam (7) is transmitted to the plane mirror (603) through the laser channel (8) and can be emitted from the front end of the protection gas cover (604) after reflection.

2. The laser cladding device for small bores according to claim 1, characterized in that The output module (6) comprises an output base (601), and the rear end of the output base (601) is internally provided with a right-side powder channel I (6011), a water cooling channel I (6012), a water return channel I (6013), a left-side powder channel I (6014), a cable channel I (6015) and a protection gas channel I (6016); The axial lines of the right-side powder channel I (6011), the water cooling channel I (6012), the water return channel I (6013), the left-side powder channel I (6014), the cable channel I (6015) and the protection gas channel I (6016) are parallel to the axial line of the laser channel (8); and the right-side powder channel I (6011), the water cooling channel I (6012), the water return channel I (6013), the left-side powder channel I (6014), the cable channel I (6015) and the protection gas channel I (6016) surround the laser channel (8); The rear end of the output base (601) is provided with a uniform gas ring (602), the uniform gas ring (602) is coaxially arranged with the laser channel (8), the inner diameter of the uniform gas ring (602) is matched with the inner diameter of the laser channel (8), the outer diameter of the rear end of the uniform gas ring (602) is larger than the outer diameter of the front end of the uniform gas ring (602), the rear end of the uniform gas ring (602) is in sealing abutment with the inner wall of the output base (601), an annular gap (616) is arranged between the front end of the uniform gas ring (602) and the inner wall of the output base (601), the front end of the annular gap (616) is in communication with the laser channel (8), and the front end of the protection gas channel I (6016) is in communication with the annular gap (616).

3. The laser cladding device for small bores according to claim 2, characterized in that The rear end bottom of the output base (601) is provided with an outer leakage vertical hole (617), the axis of the outer leakage vertical hole (617) is perpendicular to the axis of the uniform gas ring (602), the top end of the outer leakage vertical hole (617) is communicated with the annular gap (616), and the bottom end of the outer leakage vertical hole (617) is provided with a sealing plug (612).

4. The laser cladding device for small bores according to claim 2, characterized in that The front end of the output base (601) is provided with a powder outlet pipe one (613) and a powder outlet pipe two (614), the powder outlet pipe one (613) and the powder outlet pipe two (614) are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the protective gas cover (604), the axis of the powder outlet pipe one (613), the axis of the powder outlet pipe two (614) and the axis of the protective gas cover (604) intersect at the same point; the rear end of the powder outlet pipe one (613) is communicated with the front end of the left side powder channel one (6014), and the rear end of the powder outlet pipe two (614) is communicated with the front end of the right side powder channel one (6011).

5. The laser cladding device for small bores according to claim 2, characterized in that The front end bottom of the output base (601) is provided with a connecting water channel (6017) and a water cooling sealing cover plate (605), and the two ends of the connecting water channel (6017) are respectively communicated with the water cooling channel one (6012) and the water return channel one (6013).

6. The laser cladding device for small bores according to claim 5, characterized in that The front end bottom of the output base (601) is provided with a mounting cavity (618) and a temperature control sealing cover plate (607), the mounting cavity (618) is located behind the connecting water channel (6017), the infrared temperature sensor (606) is arranged in the mounting cavity (618), the mounting cavity (618) is communicated with the laser channel (8) through a detection channel, the front end of the detection channel is inclined upward to face the mirror surface of the plane mirror (603), the detection probe of the infrared temperature sensor (606) faces the detection channel, and the infrared temperature sensor (606) can collect the temperature of the plane mirror (603) through the detection channel.

7. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein The focusing module (5) comprises a focusing lens barrel (501), a focusing lens (502) is tightly installed in the focusing lens barrel (501) through a focusing lens locking nut (503), a protective lens two (504) is tightly installed in the focusing lens barrel (501) through a protective lens locking nut two (505), and the focusing lens locking nut (503) and the protective lens locking nut two (505) are in threaded connection with the focusing lens barrel (501). The inside of the focusing lens barrel (501) is provided with a right side powder channel two (5012), a water cooling channel two (5011), a water return channel two (5016), a left side powder channel two (5015), a cable channel two (5014) and a protective gas channel two (5013) penetrating from front to back; the right side powder channel two (5012) is coaxial and communicated with the right side powder channel one (6011), the water cooling channel two (5011) is coaxial and communicated with the water cooling channel one (6012), the water return channel two (5016) is coaxial and communicated with the water return channel one (6013), the left side powder channel two (5015) is coaxial and communicated with the left side powder channel one (6014), the cable channel two (5014) is coaxial and communicated with the cable channel one (6015), and the protective gas channel two (5013) is coaxial and communicated with the protective gas channel one (6016).

8. The laser cladding device for small bores according to claim 7, characterized in that The extension rod module (4) comprises an extension rod (401), and the inside of the extension rod (401) is provided with a right-side powder passage three (4012), a water cooling passage three (4011), a backwater passage three (4016), a left-side powder passage three (4015), a cable passage three (4014) and a protective gas passage three (4013) which penetrate from front to back; the right-side powder passage three (4012) is coaxial and communicated with the right-side powder passage two (5012), the water cooling passage three (4011) is coaxial and communicated with the water cooling passage two (5011), the backwater passage three (4016) is coaxial and communicated with the backwater passage two (5016), the left-side powder passage three (4015) is coaxial and communicated with the left-side powder passage two (5015), the cable passage three (4014) is coaxial and communicated with the cable passage two (5014), and the protective gas passage three (4013) is coaxial and communicated with the protective gas passage two (5013).

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the laser beam is focused to a spot size of 0.1 mm or less. The medium input module (3) comprises an input module base (301), and a protective mirror one (302) is tightly installed in the input module base (301) through a protective mirror locking nut one (303); the protective mirror locking nut one (303) is threadedly connected with the input module base (301); The front end of the input module base (301) is internally provided with a right-side powder passage four (3012), a water cooling passage four (3011), a backwater passage four (3016), a left-side powder passage four (3015), a cable passage four (3014) and a protective gas passage four (3013); the right-side powder passage four (3012) is coaxial and communicated with the right-side powder passage three (4012), the water cooling passage four (3011) is coaxial and communicated with the water cooling passage three (4011), the backwater passage four (3016) is coaxial and communicated with the backwater passage three (4016), the left-side powder passage four (3015) is coaxial and communicated with the left-side powder passage three (4015), the cable passage four (3014) is coaxial and communicated with the cable passage three (4014), and the protective gas passage four (3013) is coaxial and communicated with the protective gas passage three (4013); The input module base (301) is provided with a right-side powder inlet connector (307), a water inlet connector (308), a backwater connector (309), a left-side powder inlet connector (310), a sensor cable connector (311) and a protective gas connector (306); the right-side powder inlet connector (307) is communicated with the rear end of the right-side powder passage four (3012), the water inlet connector (308) is communicated with the rear end of the water cooling passage four (3011), the backwater connector (309) is communicated with the rear end of the backwater passage four (3016), the left-side powder inlet connector (310) is communicated with the rear end of the left-side powder passage four (3015), the sensor cable connector (311) is communicated with the rear end of the cable passage four (3014), and the protective gas connector (306) is communicated with the rear end of the protective gas passage four (3013).

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the laser beam is focused to a spot size of 0.1 mm or less. The collimation module (2) comprises a collimation base (201), four adjusting screws (206) are connected to the collimation base (201), the four adjusting screws (206) pass into the interior of the collimation base (201) from the exterior of the collimation base (201), the axial lines of the four adjusting screws (206) are all perpendicular to the axial line of the laser channel (8), and the four adjusting screws (206) are uniformly and spacedly arranged around the laser channel (8); The collimation base (201) is internally provided with a collimation lens barrel (203), the outer wall of the collimation lens barrel (203) abuts against the end portion of the four adjusting screws (206) extending into the collimation base (201), the collimation lens barrel (203) is coaxially arranged with the laser channel (8), the collimation lens (202) is tightly installed in the collimation lens barrel (203) through a collimation locking nut (204), and the collimation locking nut (204) is threadedly connected with the collimation lens barrel (203).

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