Power distribution equipment for solar photovoltaic power generation system

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of power distribution equipment, in particular to power distribution equipment for a solar photovoltaic power generation system, which comprises a protective box body, a protective door is hinged to the front side of the protective box body, a longitudinal and transverse bracket is fixedly mounted in the protective box body, and an electrical component is mounted in the longitudinal and transverse bracket. A heat absorption sheet is attached to the rear side of the electrical component, a cooling fin is fixedly connected to the rear side of the heat absorption sheet, and a plurality of heat conduction pipes are arranged on the rear side of the cooling fin. Through a multi-stage cooperative working mode, internal temperature changes can be intelligently responded, an efficient, energy-saving and reliable heat dissipation scheme with the heat dissipation capacity dynamically matched with heat loads is achieved, and the scheme has become a key technical bottleneck for improving the overall efficiency and prolonging the service life of a photovoltaic power generation system. The problems that in the prior art, overcooling and insufficient cooling coexist in the heat dissipation technology of photovoltaic power distribution equipment, energy consumption is high, adaptability is poor, and long-term reliable operation of the equipment is not facilitated are solved. And problems are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power distribution equipment, and more specifically to a power distribution device for a solar photovoltaic power generation system. Background Technology

[0002] As the global energy structure shifts towards cleaner and lower-carbon energy, solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation, as one of the most representative renewable energy technologies, has seen its installed capacity grow rapidly. PV systems are typically deployed outdoors, such as in deserts, Gobi, and factory rooftops. Their core power distribution equipment (including combiner boxes, inverters, and distribution cabinets) is constantly exposed to complex conditions with large diurnal temperature variations and intense sunlight. During operation, these devices generate significant Joule heat from their internal power electronic components (such as IGBTs and diodes), fuses, and circuit breakers, leading to increased internal temperatures. Furthermore, direct solar radiation also contributes to the additional temperature rise.

[0003] Currently, the industry primarily relies on passive cooling and single-mode active cooling for heat dissipation of photovoltaic power distribution equipment. Passive cooling typically employs natural air cooling or the addition of heat sink fins, but its heat dissipation capacity is limited and insufficient to meet the heat demands of high power density. Active cooling generally uses fixed-speed cooling fans for forced air cooling. While this method improves heat dissipation efficiency to some extent, its control strategy is relatively crude and has the following significant drawbacks: Energy consumption and noise issues: Once started, the fan operates at its rated power regardless of whether the internal temperature has significantly decreased. In areas with large diurnal temperature differences or significant seasonal temperature variations, the equipment may not require such strong cooling capacity in the early morning, at night, or during cold seasons, leading to unnecessary energy consumption, which contradicts the green principles of photovoltaic power generation. Simultaneously, the continuous high-speed operation of the fan also generates unnecessary noise.

[0004] The contradiction between heat dissipation efficiency and equipment lifespan: Fixed-speed cooling cannot respond accurately to real-time heat load. When the temperature rises slightly, the fan not starting may cause heat to accumulate; however, when the temperature reaches the threshold and the fan starts, excessive cooling may lead to drastic temperature fluctuations and condensation risks inside the equipment. This crude "on or off" temperature control is not only inefficient, but the resulting thermal cycling stress also accelerates the aging of components and the fan itself, shortening the overall lifespan of the equipment.

[0005] Therefore, existing photovoltaic power distribution equipment heat dissipation technologies suffer from problems such as "overcooling" and "undercooling," high energy consumption, and poor adaptability, which are detrimental to the long-term reliable operation of the equipment. As photovoltaic systems develop towards larger capacity and higher power density, the demand for thermal management of equipment is becoming increasingly severe. Developing an efficient, energy-saving, and reliable heat dissipation solution that can intelligently respond to internal temperature changes and achieve dynamic matching between heat dissipation capacity and heat load has become a key technical bottleneck for improving the overall efficiency and lifespan of photovoltaic power generation systems.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to invent a power distribution device for a solar photovoltaic power generation system to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a power distribution device for a solar photovoltaic power generation system. Through a multi-level collaborative working mode, it can intelligently respond to internal temperature changes and achieve a highly efficient, energy-saving, and reliable heat dissipation solution that dynamically matches heat dissipation capacity with heat load. This has become a key technological bottleneck in improving the overall efficiency and lifespan of photovoltaic power generation systems. This invention addresses the problems in existing photovoltaic power distribution equipment heat dissipation technologies, such as the coexistence of "over-cooling" and "under-cooling," high energy consumption, and poor adaptability, which are detrimental to the long-term reliable operation of the equipment.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a power distribution device for a solar photovoltaic power generation system, comprising a protective enclosure, a protective door hinged to the front side of the protective enclosure, longitudinal and transverse supports fixedly installed inside the protective enclosure, electrical components installed inside the longitudinal and transverse supports, a heat-absorbing sheet attached to the rear side of the electrical components, a heat sink fixedly connected to the rear side of the heat-absorbing sheet, a plurality of heat-conducting pipes provided on the rear side of the heat sink, heat dissipation fins fixedly connected to the outer side of the heat-conducting pipes, and a coolant conduit provided inside the heat sink; As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a rear heat dissipation window is installed on the rear side of the protective box, and side heat dissipation windows that cooperate with heat dissipation fins are installed on both sides of the protective box. A cooling fan is installed inside the protective box, and a cooling fan is installed on the top of the protective box.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the input end of the coolant conduit is connected to an inlet pipe, the output end of the coolant conduit is connected to an outlet pipe, a heat exchanger is provided between the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe, a circulation pump is installed on the top of the heat exchanger, and the circulation pump is connected to the inlet pipe.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rear heat dissipation window and the side heat dissipation window have the same internal structure. The rear heat dissipation window and the side heat dissipation window are both fixedly connected with a first layer of inclined window and a second layer of inclined window. There are multiple first layer inclined windows, all of which are inclined inward. There are multiple second layer inclined windows, all of which are inclined outward.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of each of the inclined guide channels is provided, the bottom of the first layer of inclined windows and the second layer of inclined windows are both located directly above the inclined guide channels, and the first layer of inclined windows and the second layer of inclined windows are staggered. The bottom of the inclined guide channels is inclined, and the bottom of the inclined guide channels is connected to a water outlet pipe.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinal and transverse supports include transverse mounting strips and longitudinal mounting strips, wherein both transverse and longitudinal mounting strips are fixedly connected to the protective housing.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, both ends of the top of the protective box are fixedly connected to vertical supports, and the tops of the two vertical supports are fixedly connected to waterproof top plates, which are configured as inverted V-shapes.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the protective door and the protective box are rotatably connected by a hinge, a limit plate is provided inside the protective box, a protective lock is provided between the protective door and the limit plate, and a sealing strip is provided between the protective box and the protective door.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the protective box is provided with support feet, and four support feet are provided, which are fixedly distributed at the four corners of the bottom of the protective box.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cooling fan is coupled with the heat dissipation fins, the two ends of the heat dissipation fins correspond to the positions of the two longitudinal and transverse supports, and the inner sides of the two longitudinal and transverse supports are fixedly connected with anti-interference frames.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention in the above technical solution are as follows: 1. When the internal temperature is relatively low, there is no need to activate the heat dissipation element. The heat generated by the electrical components is absorbed by the heat absorption fins, which then transfer the heat to the heat sink. The heat sink then transfers the heat to the heat pipe, which dissipates the heat through the heat dissipation fins. The rear and side heat dissipation windows can dissipate the internal heat initially. When the internal temperature rises and reaches the temperature that requires heat dissipation, the cooling fan starts, drawing outside air into the protective enclosure. This allows the hot air inside to dissipate heat through the rear and side heat dissipation windows, thus performing the second step of heat dissipation. 2. When the temperature sensor detects that the internal temperature is too high, the PLC controller drives the cooling fan to start. The cooling fan blows away the heat inside the heat sink fins directly, which can perform the third step of heat dissipation. When the heat is too high and exceeds the warning line, the PLC controller drives the circulation pump and heat exchanger to start, so that the coolant enters the heat sink through the inlet pipe to absorb heat, and then enters the heat exchanger through the outlet pipe to exchange heat, which facilitates the fourth step of cooling. 3. Multi-level collaborative working mode, which can perform multi-level heat dissipation according to temperature, realizes the on-demand allocation of heat dissipation capacity and system energy consumption, and has significant energy-saving effect. It can intelligently respond to internal temperature changes and realize a highly efficient, energy-saving and reliable heat dissipation solution that dynamically matches heat dissipation capacity and heat load. 4. When rainwater enters from the outside, it is blocked by the first and second sloping windows. Through this labyrinthine structure, ventilation efficiency is ensured while effectively resisting severe outdoor weather. The air intake becomes S-shaped, and the rainwater flows downward after being blocked. The surfaces of the first and second sloping windows are slightly inclined, so that the water droplets hanging on the surfaces of the first and second sloping windows flow down and into the sloping guide channel. The sloping guide channel is set at an angle, so that the rainwater flows out through the outlet pipe, which facilitates the blocking and interception of rainwater. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall closed structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention from a first-view perspective; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention with a second perspective view. Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the protective enclosure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution structure of the heat dissipation fins and the anti-interference frame of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution structure of the cooling fan and anti-interference frame of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical components and heat sink fin distribution structure of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the side heat dissipation window and the anti-interference frame of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the rear heat dissipation window of the present invention.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 101. Protective enclosure; 102. Protective door; 103. Longitudinal and transverse supports; 104. Electrical components; 105. Heat sink; 106. Heat sink fins; 107. Heat pipe; 108. Liquid inlet pipe; 109. Liquid outlet pipe; 110. Heat exchanger; 111. Circulating pump; 112. Rear ventilation window; 113. Side ventilation window; 114. Anti-interference frame; 115. Cooling fan; 116. First-layer inclined window; 117. Second-layer inclined window; 118. Inclined guide channel; 119. Water outlet pipe; 120. Cooling fan; 121. Vertical support; 122. Waterproof top plate; 123. Protective lock; 124. Support feet; 125. Limiting plate. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] This invention provides, for example Figure 1-9 The power distribution equipment for a solar photovoltaic power generation system shown includes a protective enclosure 101. A protective door 102 is hinged to the front of the protective enclosure 101. Both the protective enclosure 101 and the protective door 102 are coated with insulating material. A temperature sensor, a smoke sensor, and an alarm are installed inside the protective enclosure 101. A PLC controller is installed inside the protective enclosure 101. The temperature sensor is used to detect the overall internal temperature, and the smoke sensor is used to detect the internal fire state. When a fire is detected, the PLC controller controls the alarm to automatically start and issue a warning to prevent passersby from approaching and causing injury. A longitudinal and transverse support bracket 103 is fixedly installed inside the protective enclosure 101. The longitudinal and transverse support bracket 103 includes a transverse mounting strip and a longitudinal mounting strip, both of which are fixedly connected to the protective enclosure 101 for installing electrical components 104.

[0023] Electrical components 104 are installed inside the longitudinal and transverse brackets 103. A heat-absorbing sheet is attached to the rear side of the electrical components 104. A heat sink 105 is fixedly connected to the rear side of the heat-absorbing sheet. Multiple heat-conducting pipes 107 are arranged on the rear side of the heat sink 105. Heat dissipation fins 106 are fixedly connected to the outer side of the heat-conducting pipes 107. A rear heat dissipation window 112 is installed on the rear side of the protective box 101. Side heat dissipation windows 113 that cooperate with the heat dissipation fins 106 are installed on both sides of the protective box 101.

[0024] The temperature sensor detects the internal temperature. When the internal temperature is relatively low, there is no need to activate the heat dissipation element; basic heat dissipation is sufficient. The heat emitted by the electrical component 104 is absorbed by the heat absorption sheet, which transfers the heat to the heat sink 105. The heat sink 105 then transfers the heat to the heat pipe 107, which dissipates heat through the heat dissipation fins 106. The rear heat dissipation window 112 and the side heat dissipation window 113 can provide initial heat dissipation for the internal components.

[0025] A cooling fan 120 is installed on the top of the protective enclosure 101. The cooling fan 120 runs through the top of the protective enclosure 101, and a protective net is installed on the top. When the internal temperature rises and reaches the temperature that needs to be dissipated, the cooling fan 120 starts and draws outside air into the interior of the protective enclosure 101, so that the hot air inside can be dissipated through the rear heat dissipation window 112 and the side heat dissipation window 113, which facilitates the second step of heat dissipation.

[0026] The protective enclosure 101 is equipped with a cooling fan 115. The cooling fan 115 works in conjunction with the heat dissipation fins 106. The two ends of the heat dissipation fins 106 correspond to the positions of the two longitudinal and transverse supports 103. The inner sides of the two longitudinal and transverse supports 103 are fixedly connected with anti-interference frames 114.

[0027] When the temperature sensor detects that the internal temperature is too high, the PLC controller drives the cooling fan 115 to start. The cooling fan 115 blows away the heat absorbed inside the heat sink fins 106 directly, and blows it out of the protective housing 101 through the side heat dissipation window 113 guided by the anti-interference frame 114. There are two side heat dissipation windows 113, one for air intake and one for air exhaust, which can perform a third step of heat dissipation. The anti-interference frame 114 can prevent heat from not dissipating inside the protective housing 101, which facilitates the third step of heat dissipation.

[0028] As a further optimization of the present invention, a coolant conduit is provided inside the heat sink 105. The inlet end of the coolant conduit is connected to an inlet pipe 108, and the outlet end of the coolant conduit is connected to an outlet pipe 109. A heat exchanger 110 is provided between the inlet pipe 108 and the outlet pipe 109. A circulation pump 111 is installed on the top of the heat exchanger 110, and the circulation pump 111 is connected to the inlet pipe 108.

[0029] When the heat exceeds the warning line, the PLC controller drives the circulation pump 111 and the heat exchanger 110 to start, so that the coolant enters the heat sink 105 through the inlet pipe 108 to absorb heat, and then enters the heat exchanger 110 through the outlet pipe 109 to exchange heat, which facilitates the fourth step of cooling.

[0030] In the above structure, to prevent external rainwater from entering the interior of the protective housing 101, a first-layer inclined window 116 and a second-layer inclined window 117 are fixedly connected inside the rear heat dissipation window 112 and the side heat dissipation window 113. Multiple first-layer inclined windows 116 are provided, all inclined inwards, and multiple second-layer inclined windows 117 are provided, all inclined outwards, with the first-layer inclined windows 116 and the second-layer inclined windows 117 staggered. An inclined guide groove 118 is provided at the bottom of both the heat dissipation window 112 and the side heat dissipation window 113. The bottoms of the first-layer inclined windows 116 and the second-layer inclined windows 117 are directly above the inclined guide groove 118. The bottom of the inclined guide groove 118 is inclined, and a water outlet pipe 119 is connected to the bottom of the inclined guide groove 118.

[0031] When rainwater enters from the outside, it is blocked by the first layer of inclined windows 116 and the second layer of inclined windows 117. Through this labyrinthine structure, ventilation efficiency is ensured while effectively resisting severe outdoor weather. The incoming air enters through an S-shape, and the rainwater flows downward after being blocked. The surfaces of the first layer of inclined windows 116 and the second layer of inclined windows 117 are slightly inclined, so that the water droplets hanging on the surfaces of the first layer of inclined windows 116 and the second layer of inclined windows 117 flow down and flow into the inclined guide channel 118. The inclined guide channel 118 is set at an angle, so that the rainwater flows out through the outlet pipe 119, which facilitates the blocking and interception of rainwater.

[0032] Vertical supports 121 are fixedly connected to both ends of the top of the protective enclosure 101. A waterproof top plate 122 is fixedly connected to the top of the two vertical supports 121. The waterproof top plate 122 is designed in an inverted V shape to facilitate airflow and prevent external impurities from entering the protective enclosure 101 through the cooling fan 120. The protective door 102 is connected to the protective enclosure 101 by a hinge for easy opening and maintenance. A limit plate 125 is installed inside the protective enclosure 101. A protective lock 123 is installed between the protective door 102 and the limit plate 125 for easy locking. A sealing strip is installed between the protective enclosure 101 and the protective door 102 to facilitate sealing and prevent rainwater from seeping in when the protective enclosure 101 is closed. Four support feet 124 are provided at the bottom of the protective enclosure 101, and the four support feet 124 are fixedly distributed at the four corners of the bottom of the protective enclosure 101.

[0033] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power distribution apparatus for a solar photovoltaic power generation system, comprising a protective cabinet (101), characterized in that: The front side of the protection box (101) is hinged with a protection door (102), the inside of the protection box (101) is fixedly installed with a longitudinal and transverse support (103), the inside of the longitudinal and transverse support (103) is installed with an electrical element (104), the rear side of the electrical element (104) is attached with a heat absorbing sheet, the rear side of the heat absorbing sheet is fixedly connected with a heat sink (105), the rear side of the heat sink (105) is provided with a plurality of heat conducting pipes (107), the outside of the heat conducting pipe (107) is fixedly connected with a heat dissipation fin (106), the inside of the heat sink (105) is provided with a cooling liquid pipe; The rear side of the protection box (101) is installed with a rear heat dissipation window (112), both sides of the protection box (101) are installed with a side heat dissipation window (113) matched with the heat dissipation fin (106), the inside of the protection box (101) is installed with a cooling fan (115), the top of the protection box (101) is installed with a heat dissipation fan (120).

2. The power distribution apparatus for a solar photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, characterized by: The input end of the cooling liquid pipe is communicatively provided with a liquid inlet pipe (108), the output end of the cooling liquid pipe is communicatively provided with a liquid outlet pipe (109), a heat exchanger (110) is arranged between the liquid inlet pipe (108) and the liquid outlet pipe (109), a circulating pump (111) is installed on the top of the heat exchanger (110), and the circulating pump (111) is in communication with the liquid inlet pipe (108).

3. The power distribution apparatus for a solar photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, characterized by: The rear heat dissipation window (112) and the side heat dissipation window (113) have the same internal structure, the inside of the rear heat dissipation window (112) and the side heat dissipation window (113) is fixedly connected with a first layer of inclined windows (116) and a second layer of inclined windows (117), the first layer of inclined windows (116) is provided with a plurality of inclined windows, which are all inwardly inclined, and the second layer of inclined windows (117) is provided with a plurality of inclined windows, which are all outwardly inclined.

4. The power distribution apparatus for a solar photovoltaic power generation system of claim 1, wherein: The bottom of the protection box (101) is provided with an inclined flow guide groove (118), the bottom of the first layer of inclined windows (116) and the second layer of inclined windows (117) is located directly above the inclined flow guide groove (118), and the first layer of inclined windows (116) and the second layer of inclined windows (117) are staggered, the bottom of the inclined flow guide groove (118) is inclined, and the bottom of the inclined flow guide groove (118) is in communication with a water outlet pipe (119).

5. The power distribution apparatus for a solar photovoltaic power generation system of claim 1, wherein: The longitudinal and transverse support (103) comprises a transverse mounting strip and a longitudinal mounting strip, wherein the transverse mounting strip and the longitudinal mounting strip are fixedly connected with the protection box (101).

6. The power distribution apparatus for a solar photovoltaic power generation system of claim 1, wherein: The top of the protection box (101) is fixedly connected with a vertical support (121) at both ends, the top of the two vertical supports (121) is fixedly connected with a waterproof top plate (122), and the waterproof top plate (122) is arranged in an inverted V shape.

7. The power distribution apparatus for a solar photovoltaic power system of claim 1, wherein: The protection door (102) and the protection box (101) are rotatably connected through a hinge, the inside of the protection box (101) is provided with a limiting plate (125), the protection door (102) and the limiting plate (125) are provided with a protection lock (123), and the protection box (101) and the protection door (102) are provided with a sealing strip.

8. The power distribution apparatus for a solar photovoltaic power system of claim 1, wherein: The bottom of the protection box (101) is provided with supporting feet (124), four supporting feet (124) are fixedly distributed at the four corners of the bottom of the protection box (101).

9. The power distribution apparatus for a solar photovoltaic power system of claim 1, wherein: The cooling fan (115) is matched with the heat dissipation fins (106), the two ends of the heat dissipation fins (106) correspond to the positions of the two longitudinal and transverse supports (103), and the inner sides of the two longitudinal and transverse supports (103) are fixedly connected with the anti-interference frames (114).

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