A solid-state hydrogen storage device for rapid hydrogen release with multi-layer temperature control and its operating method

Abstract

This invention discloses a multi-layer temperature-controlled solid-state hydrogen storage device and its operating method for rapid hydrogen release, belonging to the field of solid-state hydrogen storage technology. The solid-state hydrogen storage device includes a solid-state hydrogen storage module, a thermal management system, a sensor system, and a controller. The solid-state hydrogen storage module includes a first-stage hydrogen storage module and a second-stage hydrogen storage module connected to a fuel cell stack via a gas path. The thermal management system can be configured as a hydrogen release subsystem and a hydrogen absorption subsystem. The controller controls the heating unit, cooling unit, and multi-way valve based on the antifreeze temperature and hydrogen absorption / release status information to perform thermal management on the first-stage and second-stage hydrogen storage modules. This invention eliminates the need for a buffer tank, enabling separate thermal management under both hydrogen absorption and release operating conditions, achieving rapid hydrogen release and low-energy hydrogen refilling at low temperatures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of solid-state hydrogen storage technology, specifically to a multi-layer temperature-controlled solid-state hydrogen storage device and its operating method for rapid hydrogen release. Background Technology

[0002] Solid-state hydrogen storage offers advantages such as large hydrogen storage capacity, simple storage conditions, and long service life. Metal alloys, on the other hand, are characterized by large storage capacity and relatively safe operation. However, stable hydrides require relatively high temperatures to undergo dehydrogenation (hydrogen release) reactions, releasing hydrogen gas when heated. This process is called desorption. Currently, to meet the hydrogen demand at low temperatures, a gaseous hydrogen buffer tank is integrated into solid-state hydrogen storage devices to collect hydrogen. The system operates by using the hydrogen in this buffer tank to achieve cryogenic cold start of the fuel cell system.

[0003] The main advantages of fuel cell engineering machinery include zero emissions, low noise, and fast hydrogen refueling. Solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell engineering machinery can reduce the space required for the hydrogen storage system in its overall structural layout, ensuring the effective volume of materials handled by the machinery. Furthermore, the operating temperature of fuel cell systems is typically 50-80℃, effectively matching the dehydrogenation temperature requirements of solid-state hydrogen storage.

[0004] Please refer to patent document CN114709444A, which discloses a fuel cell system based on a rapid self-heating solid-state hydrogen storage device. The system includes a solid-state hydrogen storage device, a gas storage tank, a fuel cell unit, and a hot water exchange tank. The solid-state hydrogen storage device is housed within the hot water exchange tank and includes outer and inner hydrogen storage tanks. The outlet of the inner hydrogen storage tank extends beyond the outer hydrogen storage tank and connects to the gas storage tank. The outer and inner hydrogen storage tanks are respectively filled with low- and high-enthalpy hydrogen storage alloys. Both the outer hydrogen storage tank and the gas storage tank are connected to the fuel cell. The hot water exchange tank is connected to the fuel cell via cold and hot water pipelines, and a circulating water pump is installed on the hot water pipelines. This invention enables rapid self-heating and hydrogen release during the initial startup phase, significantly shortening the time required for the solid-state hydrogen storage device to reach normal hydrogen supply during startup.

[0005] Please refer to patent document CN114566679A, which discloses an all-weather, fast-response solid hydrogen storage system for fuel cells, including a solid hydrogen storage material storage tank, a check valve, a hydrogen supply pipe, an electric heating pipe interface, and hot and cold water connectors. This patent also incorporates a weather forecasting model, using historical data to predict weather conditions, thereby achieving a lag-free hydrogen supply to the system and ensuring rapid start-up of the fuel cell.

[0006] In the aforementioned existing technologies, the focus is on how solid-state hydrogen storage systems can rapidly release hydrogen at low temperatures. The main method is to add a hydrogen buffer tank to store the gaseous hydrogen released from the solid-state hydrogen storage system, thereby ensuring the rapid start-up of the fuel cell system. However, the newly added buffer tank stores gaseous hydrogen and is limited by the hydrogen release plateau pressure of the solid-state hydrogen storage system, resulting in a relatively low volumetric hydrogen storage density. This leads to a large buffer tank volume, which in turn affects the overall layout of the mobile device. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a solid hydrogen storage device and operating method for rapid hydrogen release with multi-layer temperature control. The aim is to achieve rapid hydrogen release of the solid hydrogen storage system at low temperature without adding a buffer tank, and at the same time achieve a low-energy hydrogen charging process through the thermal management architecture of the solid hydrogen storage system.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented using the following technical solution:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a solid hydrogen storage device for rapid release of hydrogen with multi-layer temperature control, including a solid hydrogen storage module, a thermal management system, a sensor system and a controller.

[0010] The solid-state hydrogen storage module includes a first-stage hydrogen storage module and a second-stage hydrogen storage module connected to the fuel cell stack via a gas path. Both the first-stage and second-stage hydrogen storage modules contain antifreeze for heat exchange. The first-stage hydrogen storage module is provided with a first antifreeze inlet and a first antifreeze outlet. The second-stage hydrogen storage module is provided with a second antifreeze inlet and a second antifreeze outlet.

[0011] The thermal management system includes a heating unit and a cooling unit connected to a first-stage hydrogen storage module and / or a second-stage hydrogen storage module via pipe interfaces; depending on the connection location of the pipe interfaces, the thermal management system has at least:

[0012] Hydrogen release subsystem: The outlet of the heating unit is connected to the first antifreeze inlet and the second antifreeze inlet via a multi-port valve; the first antifreeze outlet and the second antifreeze outlet are connected to the inlet of the heating unit;

[0013] Hydrogen absorption subsystem: The outlet of the refrigeration unit is connected to the second antifreeze inlet via a multi-way valve; the outlet of the refrigeration unit is directly connected to the first antifreeze inlet; the first antifreeze outlet is connected to the second antifreeze inlet via a multi-way valve; the second antifreeze outlet is connected to the inlet of the refrigeration unit;

[0014] The sensor system is used to acquire the antifreeze temperature in the first-stage hydrogen storage module and the second-stage hydrogen storage module, as well as the hydrogen absorption / desorption status information of the first-stage hydrogen storage module and the second-stage hydrogen storage module.

[0015] The controller is electrically connected to the sensor system, heating unit, cooling unit, and multi-way valve, and controls the heating unit, cooling unit, and multi-way valve according to the antifreeze temperature and hydrogen absorption / desorption status information, so that the hydrogen release subsystem or hydrogen absorption subsystem performs thermal management on the first-stage hydrogen storage module and the second-stage hydrogen storage module.

[0016] Furthermore, the hydrogen storage material in the first-stage hydrogen storage module is TiZr·MnCrFeV. 0.2 Ni 0.8 .

[0017] Furthermore, the hydrogen storage material in the second-stage hydrogen storage module is TiMn. 1.5 B.

[0018] Furthermore, the first-stage hydrogen storage module is equipped with The first hydrogen storage tank, wherein the antifreeze capacity of the first-stage hydrogen storage module is [missing information]. The hydrogen release rate of a single first hydrogen storage tank is It has the following calculation formula:

[0019] ;

[0020] in: This indicates the heating efficiency of the heating unit; This indicates the heating power of the heating unit; Indicates system operating time; Indicates the density of the antifreeze; Indicates the volume of antifreeze; This indicates the specific heat capacity of the antifreeze; This indicates the temperature rise of the antifreeze;

[0021] The hydrogen supply rate required for the startup of a fuel cell stack is expressed by the following formula:

[0022] ;

[0023] ;

[0024] in: Indicates the power of the fuel cell stack; This indicates the hydrogen supply rate required for the fuel cell stack to start up; This indicates the low calorific value of hydrogen.

[0025] Furthermore, in the hydrogen release subsystem, the heating unit, the first-stage hydrogen storage module, and the multi-way valve form a first heat exchange circuit; the heating unit, the second-stage hydrogen storage module, and the multi-way valve form a second heat exchange circuit.

[0026] During hydrogen release, the second heat exchange circuit is closed via a multi-way valve. At this time, the antifreeze heated by the heating unit passes through the multi-way valve and the first-stage hydrogen storage module and is input into the heating unit. When the temperature of the antifreeze exceeds a first threshold, the first heat exchange circuit is closed via the multi-way valve, and the second heat exchange circuit is fully opened. The antifreeze, after being heated by the heating unit, passes through the multi-way valve and the second-stage hydrogen storage module and is input into the heating unit. When the temperature of the antifreeze reaches a second threshold, the heating unit is closed.

[0027] Furthermore, the first threshold is 30°C; the second threshold is 45°C.

[0028] Furthermore, in the hydrogen absorption subsystem: the refrigeration unit, the multi-way valve, and the two-stage hydrogen storage module form a third heat exchange circuit; the refrigeration unit, the first-stage hydrogen storage module, the multi-way valve, and the second-stage hydrogen storage module form a fourth heat exchange circuit;

[0029] During hydrogen absorption, the third heat exchange circuit is closed via a multi-way valve. The antifreeze cooled by the refrigeration unit passes through the first-stage hydrogen storage module, the multi-way valve, and the second-stage hydrogen storage module before being input into the refrigeration unit, and the temperature of the refrigeration unit is set to the first set temperature. After the first-stage hydrogen storage module completes hydrogen storage, the fourth heat exchange circuit is closed via the multi-way valve, the third heat exchange circuit is opened, and the temperature of the refrigeration unit is adjusted to the second set temperature. The antifreeze cooled by the refrigeration unit passes through the multi-way valve and the second-stage hydrogen storage module before being input into the refrigeration unit.

[0030] Furthermore, the first set temperature is -10℃; the second set temperature is 7℃.

[0031] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for operating a multi-layer temperature-controlled solid-state hydrogen storage device for rapid hydrogen release, applicable to any of the aforementioned multi-layer temperature-controlled solid-state hydrogen storage devices for rapid hydrogen release, the method comprising the following steps:

[0032] Before hydrogen absorption, the pipeline connection of the thermal management system is configured as the hydrogen absorption subsystem; the temperature of the antifreeze in the first-stage hydrogen storage module and the second-stage hydrogen storage module is obtained through the sensor system; the controller controls the heating unit and the multi-way valve according to the antifreeze temperature, so that the hydrogen absorption subsystem performs thermal management on the first-stage hydrogen storage module and the second-stage hydrogen storage module.

[0033] After the hydrogen absorption operation is completed and before the hydrogen release operation is completed, the pipeline connection of the thermal management system is configured as the hydrogen release subsystem; the controller controls the refrigeration unit and the multi-way valve so that the hydrogen release subsystem performs thermal management on the first-stage hydrogen storage module and the second-stage hydrogen storage module.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows:

[0035] This invention provides a multi-layer temperature-controlled solid-state hydrogen storage device and its operating method for rapid hydrogen release. The device includes a solid-state hydrogen storage module consisting of a first-stage hydrogen storage module and a second-stage hydrogen storage module. The thermal management system has a hydrogen release subsystem and a hydrogen absorption subsystem, which are used to perform thermal management on the first-stage and second-stage hydrogen storage modules under hydrogen release and absorption conditions, respectively. Without the need for an additional buffer tank, the solid-state hydrogen storage system can achieve rapid hydrogen release and low-energy hydrogen charging at low temperatures.

[0036] This invention provides a multi-layer temperature-controlled solid hydrogen storage device and its working method for rapid hydrogen release. It also utilizes different solid hydrogen storage filling materials in combination. The first-stage hydrogen storage module is filled with a hydrogen storage alloy with a low enthalpy value, while the second-stage hydrogen storage module is filled with a hydrogen storage alloy with a high enthalpy value. This further ensures that the solid hydrogen storage system can rapidly release hydrogen at low temperatures and absorb hydrogen with low energy consumption during the hydrogen filling process.

[0037] This invention also effectively ensures the normal operation of the solid hydrogen storage system by setting a hydrogen release time calculation method and controlling the corresponding hydrogen release time through the volume parameters of the antifreeze in different first-stage hydrogen storage modules. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the distribution of hydrogen storage tanks in a multi-layer temperature-controlled, rapid hydrogen release solid hydrogen storage device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen release subsystem of a multi-layer temperature-controlled solid hydrogen storage device for rapid hydrogen release, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen absorption subsystem of a multi-layer temperature-controlled solid hydrogen storage device for rapid hydrogen release, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] In the diagram: 1. First pipeline interface; 2. Second pipeline interface; 3. First hydrogen storage tank; 4. Second hydrogen storage tank; 5. First-stage hydrogen storage module; 6. Second-stage hydrogen storage module; 7. Multi-way valve; 8. PTC heater; 9. Water pump; 10. Chiller outlet; 11. Chiller return outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0044] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] This embodiment describes a multi-layer temperature-controlled solid-state hydrogen storage device for rapid hydrogen release, including a solid-state hydrogen storage module, a thermal management system, a sensor system, and a controller.

[0047] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The solid-state hydrogen storage module includes a first-stage hydrogen storage module 5 and a second-stage hydrogen storage module 6 connected to the fuel cell stack via a gas path. Both the first-stage hydrogen storage module 5 and the second-stage hydrogen storage module 6 contain antifreeze for heat exchange. The first-stage hydrogen storage module 5 is provided with a first antifreeze inlet and a first antifreeze outlet. The second-stage hydrogen storage module 6 is provided with a second antifreeze inlet and a second antifreeze outlet.

[0048] The first-stage hydrogen storage module 5 is equipped with several first hydrogen storage tanks 3, and the second-stage hydrogen storage module 6 is equipped with several second hydrogen storage tanks 4. The first hydrogen storage tanks 3 are filled with a low-enthalpy hydrogen storage alloy TiZr·MnCrFeV. 0.2 Ni 0.8 (Baotou Zhongke Xuanda New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., CN-37); The second hydrogen storage tank 4 is filled with a high-enthalpy hydrogen storage alloy TiMn. 1.5B (Baotou Zhongke Xuanda New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., CN-15) can ensure that the solid hydrogen storage system can rapidly release hydrogen at low temperatures and absorb hydrogen with low energy consumption during the hydrogen filling process.

[0049] The thermal management system includes a heating unit and a cooling unit connected to a first-stage hydrogen storage module 5 and / or a second-stage hydrogen storage module 6 via pipeline interfaces (i.e., first pipeline interface 1 and second pipeline interface 2). In this embodiment, the cooling unit is a chiller (the outlet of the cooling unit is the chiller outlet 10, and the inlet of the cooling unit is the chiller return outlet 11), the heating unit is a PTC heater 8 and a water pump 9 connected by pipelines, and the multi-way valve 7 is a thermostat. The pipeline interfaces are connected using detachable quick-release couplings, allowing operators to adjust the pipeline configuration according to the specific needs of hydrogen absorption and release. Depending on the connection position of the pipeline interfaces, the thermal management system has two configuration options: a hydrogen release subsystem and a hydrogen absorption subsystem.

[0050] Please see Figure 2 In the hydrogen release subsystem, the outlet of the heating unit is connected to the first antifreeze inlet and the second antifreeze inlet via a multi-way valve 7; the first antifreeze outlet and the second antifreeze outlet are connected to the inlet of the heating unit; please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 3 In the hydrogen absorption subsystem, the outlet of the refrigeration unit is connected to the second antifreeze inlet via a multi-way valve 7; the outlet of the refrigeration unit is directly connected to the first antifreeze inlet; the first antifreeze outlet is connected to the second antifreeze inlet via a multi-way valve 7; and the second antifreeze outlet is connected to the inlet of the refrigeration unit.

[0051] The sensor system is used to acquire the antifreeze temperature in the first-stage hydrogen storage module 5 and the second-stage hydrogen storage module 6, as well as the hydrogen absorption / desorption status information of the first-stage hydrogen storage module 5 and the second-stage hydrogen storage module 6. The controller is electrically connected to the sensor system, the heating unit, the cooling unit, and the multi-way valve 7, and controls the heating unit, the cooling unit, and the multi-way valve 7 according to the antifreeze temperature and the hydrogen absorption / desorption status information, so that the hydrogen release subsystem or the hydrogen absorption subsystem can perform thermal management of the first-stage hydrogen storage module 5 and the second-stage hydrogen storage module 6.

[0052] Specifically, in the hydrogen release subsystem, the heating unit, the first-stage hydrogen storage module 5, and the multi-way valve 7 form the first heat exchange loop; the heating unit, the second-stage hydrogen storage module 6, and the multi-way valve 7 form the second heat exchange loop. During the hydrogen release process, the second heat exchange loop is closed through the multi-way valve 7. At this time, the antifreeze heated by the heating unit passes through the multi-way valve 7 and the first-stage hydrogen storage module 5 and is input into the heating unit. When the temperature of the antifreeze exceeds the first threshold, the first heat exchange loop is closed through the multi-way valve 7, and the second heat exchange loop is fully opened. The antifreeze, after being heated by the heating unit, passes through the multi-way valve 7 and the second-stage hydrogen storage module 6 and is input into the heating unit. When the temperature of the antifreeze reaches the second threshold, the heating unit is closed.

[0053] Furthermore, in the hydrogen absorption subsystem: the refrigeration unit, multi-way valve 7, and the two-stage hydrogen storage module 6 form a third heat exchange circuit; the refrigeration unit, the first-stage hydrogen storage module 5, multi-way valve 7, and the second-stage hydrogen storage module 6 form a fourth heat exchange circuit. During hydrogen absorption, the third heat exchange circuit is closed through multi-way valve 7, and the antifreeze cooled by the refrigeration unit passes through the first-stage hydrogen storage module 5, multi-way valve 7, and second-stage hydrogen storage module 6, and is input into the refrigeration unit, with the temperature of the refrigeration unit set to the first set temperature; when the first-stage hydrogen storage module 5 completes hydrogen storage, the fourth heat exchange circuit is closed through multi-way valve 7, the third heat exchange circuit is opened, and the temperature of the refrigeration unit is adjusted to the second set temperature, with the antifreeze cooled by the refrigeration unit passing through multi-way valve 7 and second-stage hydrogen storage module 6, and is input into the refrigeration unit.

[0054] In this embodiment, the first-stage hydrogen storage module is equipped with The first hydrogen storage tank, the antifreeze capacity of the first-stage hydrogen storage module is... The hydrogen release rate of a single first hydrogen storage tank is In order to ensure that the hydrogen release rate of the first-stage hydrogen storage module can meet the hydrogen demand for fuel cell stack startup, the following calculation formula is used:

[0055] ;

[0056] in: This indicates the heating efficiency of the PTC heater; This indicates the heating power (kW) of the PTC heater. Indicates system operating time (s); Indicates the density of antifreeze (kg / m³) 3 ); Indicates the volume of antifreeze (m³) 3 ); This indicates the specific heat capacity of the antifreeze (kJ / kg·℃). Indicates the temperature rise of the antifreeze (°C);

[0057] The hydrogen supply rate required for the startup of a fuel cell stack is expressed by the following formula:

[0058] ;

[0059] ;

[0060] in: Indicates the fuel cell stack power (kW); This indicates the hydrogen supply rate (kg / s) required to start up the fuel cell stack. This represents the lower heating value of hydrogen, a fixed constant of 1.2 × 10⁻⁶. 5 kJ / kg.

[0061] In summary, considering the volume of a single tank of the first hydrogen storage tank is... The cavity volume of the first-stage hydrogen storage module can be obtained. for:

[0062] ;

[0063] More specifically, assuming the initial power of the fuel cell stack is 3.4kW, the power of the PTC heater is 3kW, and the efficiency is 95%, at 10℃, the hydrogen release rate of the filled low-enthalpy hydrogen storage alloy material can reach 5mg / s, the heating time is 3min, and the temperature rises from -20℃ to the target temperature of 10℃, the volume of the antifreeze is:

[0064] ；

[0065] The cavity volume of the first-stage hydrogen storage module is:

[0066] ；

[0067] ;

[0068] In this embodiment, the total hydrogen storage module is 78L, meaning that without changing the overall structure, the volume of the two-stage hydrogen storage module can be limited to 57.5L, thus adapting to situations where the overall structural layout remains unchanged.

[0069] Solid-state hydrogen storage system thermal management architecture such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown. The specific operation process is as follows, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 During the hydrogen release process, initially, the thermostat completely shuts off the cooling water circuit of the second-stage hydrogen storage module 6, i.e., closes the second heat exchange circuit. At this time, the antifreeze, heated by the PTC heater 8, circulates only within the first heat exchange circuit, meaning the antifreeze only passes through the first-stage hydrogen storage module 5. This ensures the antifreeze can quickly reach the target temperature, thereby enabling hydrogen release and supplying the fuel cell system for low-temperature startup. When the target antifreeze temperature exceeds 30°C, the antifreeze circulation in the first-stage hydrogen storage module 5 is shut down, i.e., the first heat exchange circuit is closed, and the second heat exchange circuit is fully opened. This is to protect the activity of the hydrogen storage material within the first-stage hydrogen storage module 5 and prevent thermal deactivation. When the antifreeze temperature reaches 45°C, the PTC heater 8 is shut down, and the fuel cell system's antifreeze provides the temperature rise, reducing energy consumption.

[0070] Please see Figure 3During the hydrogen absorption process, different cooling strategies are implemented for the hydrogen storage tanks of the first-stage hydrogen storage module 5 and the second-stage hydrogen storage module 6 due to the different filling materials: the refrigeration unit temperature is set to -10℃, and antifreeze cooled at this temperature is input into the first-stage hydrogen storage module 5; the refrigeration unit temperature is set to 7℃, and antifreeze cooled at this temperature is then supplied to the second-stage hydrogen storage module 6. First, the third heat exchange circuit is completely closed by the thermostat. Antifreeze cooled to -10℃ is then introduced into the first-stage hydrogen storage module 5 through the fourth heat exchange circuit via the refrigeration unit. Due to the heat released by the hydrogen absorption reaction, the outlet temperature of the antifreeze in the first-stage hydrogen storage module 5 can reach above 0℃ and below 10℃. Then, this antifreeze is directly introduced into the second-stage hydrogen storage module 6 to complete the cooling of the second-stage hydrogen storage module 6. In this embodiment, the hydrogen storage capacity of the first-stage hydrogen storage module 5 is less than that of the second-stage hydrogen storage module 6. After the first-stage hydrogen storage module 5 completes hydrogen storage, the fourth heat exchange circuit is completely closed by the thermostat, and the third heat exchange circuit is opened. At the same time, the antifreeze is cooled to 7°C by the refrigeration unit to reduce energy consumption until the second-stage hydrogen storage module 6 is fully filled with hydrogen.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] This embodiment provides a method for operating a multi-layer temperature-controlled solid-state hydrogen storage device for rapid hydrogen release, applicable to the multi-layer temperature-controlled solid-state hydrogen storage device for rapid hydrogen release in Embodiment 1. The method includes the following steps:

[0073] Before hydrogen absorption, the pipeline connection of the thermal management system is configured as a hydrogen absorption subsystem; the antifreeze temperature in the first-stage and second-stage hydrogen storage modules is obtained through the sensor system; the controller controls the heating unit and multi-way valve according to the antifreeze temperature so that the hydrogen absorption subsystem can perform thermal management on the first-stage and second-stage hydrogen storage modules.

[0074] After the hydrogen absorption operation is completed and before the hydrogen release operation is completed, the pipeline connection of the thermal management system is configured as the hydrogen release subsystem; the controller controls the refrigeration unit and the multi-way valve so that the hydrogen release subsystem can perform thermal management on the first-stage hydrogen storage module and the second-stage hydrogen storage module.

[0075] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this disclosure and not to limit its protection scope. Although this disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that after reading this disclosure, they can still make various changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions to the specific implementation of the invention, but these changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions are all within the protection scope of the pending claims.

Claims

1. A solid-state hydrogen storage device for rapid hydrogen release with multi-layer temperature control, characterized in that, This includes solid-state hydrogen storage modules, thermal management systems, sensor systems, and controllers; The solid-state hydrogen storage module includes a first-stage hydrogen storage module and a second-stage hydrogen storage module connected to the fuel cell stack via a gas path. Both the first-stage and second-stage hydrogen storage modules contain antifreeze for heat exchange. The first-stage hydrogen storage module is provided with a first antifreeze inlet and a first antifreeze outlet. The second-stage hydrogen storage module is provided with a second antifreeze inlet and a second antifreeze outlet. The thermal management system includes a heating unit and a cooling unit connected to a first-stage hydrogen storage module and / or a second-stage hydrogen storage module via pipe interfaces; depending on the connection location of the pipe interfaces, the thermal management system has at least: Hydrogen release subsystem: The outlet of the heating unit is connected to the first antifreeze inlet and the second antifreeze inlet via a multi-port valve; the first antifreeze outlet and the second antifreeze outlet are connected to the inlet of the heating unit; Hydrogen absorption subsystem: The outlet of the refrigeration unit is connected to the second antifreeze inlet via a multi-way valve; the outlet of the refrigeration unit is directly connected to the first antifreeze inlet; the first antifreeze outlet is connected to the second antifreeze inlet via a multi-way valve; the second antifreeze outlet is connected to the inlet of the refrigeration unit; The sensor system is used to acquire the antifreeze temperature in the first-stage hydrogen storage module and the second-stage hydrogen storage module, as well as the hydrogen absorption / desorption status information of the first-stage hydrogen storage module and the second-stage hydrogen storage module. The controller is electrically connected to the sensor system, heating unit, cooling unit and multi-way valve, and controls the heating unit, cooling unit and multi-way valve according to the antifreeze temperature and hydrogen absorption / desorption status information, so that the hydrogen release subsystem or hydrogen absorption subsystem performs thermal management on the first-stage hydrogen storage module and the second-stage hydrogen storage module. The hydrogen storage material in the first-stage hydrogen storage module is TiZr·MnCrFeV. 0.2 Ni 0.8 ; The hydrogen storage material in the second-stage hydrogen storage module is TiMn. 1.5 B; The first-stage hydrogen storage module is equipped with The first hydrogen storage tank, wherein the antifreeze capacity of the first-stage hydrogen storage module is [missing information]. The hydrogen release rate of a single first hydrogen storage tank is It has the following calculation formula: ； in: This indicates the heating efficiency of the heating unit; This indicates the heating power of the heating unit; Indicates system operating time; Indicates the density of the antifreeze; Indicates the volume of antifreeze; This indicates the specific heat capacity of the antifreeze; This indicates the temperature rise of the antifreeze; The hydrogen supply rate required for the startup of a fuel cell stack is expressed by the following formula: ； ； in: Indicates the power of the fuel cell stack; This indicates the hydrogen supply rate required for the fuel cell stack to start up; This indicates that hydrogen has a low calorific value.

2. The solid-state hydrogen storage device for rapid hydrogen release with multi-layer temperature control according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the hydrogen release subsystem, the heating unit, the first-stage hydrogen storage module, and the multi-way valve form a first heat exchange circuit; the heating unit, the second-stage hydrogen storage module, and the multi-way valve form a second heat exchange circuit. During hydrogen release, the second heat exchange circuit is closed via a multi-way valve. At this time, the antifreeze heated by the heating unit passes through the multi-way valve and the first-stage hydrogen storage module and is input into the heating unit. When the temperature of the antifreeze exceeds a first threshold, the first heat exchange circuit is closed via the multi-way valve, and the second heat exchange circuit is fully opened. The antifreeze, after being heated by the heating unit, passes through the multi-way valve and the second-stage hydrogen storage module and is input into the heating unit. When the temperature of the antifreeze reaches a second threshold, the heating unit is closed.

3. The solid-state hydrogen storage device for rapid hydrogen release with multi-layer temperature control according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first threshold is 30°C; the second threshold is 45°C.

4. The solid-state hydrogen storage device for rapid hydrogen release with multi-layer temperature control according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the hydrogen absorption subsystem: the refrigeration unit, the multi-way valve, and the two-stage hydrogen storage module form a third heat exchange circuit; the refrigeration unit, the first-stage hydrogen storage module, the multi-way valve, and the second-stage hydrogen storage module form a fourth heat exchange circuit. During hydrogen absorption, the third heat exchange circuit is closed via a multi-way valve. The antifreeze cooled by the refrigeration unit passes through the first-stage hydrogen storage module, the multi-way valve, and the second-stage hydrogen storage module before being input into the refrigeration unit, and the temperature of the refrigeration unit is set to the first set temperature. After the first-stage hydrogen storage module completes hydrogen storage, the fourth heat exchange circuit is closed via the multi-way valve, the third heat exchange circuit is opened, and the temperature of the refrigeration unit is adjusted to the second set temperature. The antifreeze cooled by the refrigeration unit passes through the multi-way valve and the second-stage hydrogen storage module before being input into the refrigeration unit.

5. The solid-state hydrogen storage device for rapid hydrogen release with multi-layer temperature control according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first set temperature is -10℃; the second set temperature is 7℃.

6. A method for operating a multi-layer temperature-controlled solid-state hydrogen storage device for rapid hydrogen release, characterized in that, The solid-state hydrogen storage device for rapid hydrogen release with multi-layer temperature control as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, the operating method comprising the following steps: Before hydrogen absorption, the pipeline connection of the thermal management system is configured as the hydrogen absorption subsystem; the temperature of the antifreeze in the first-stage hydrogen storage module and the second-stage hydrogen storage module is obtained through the sensor system; the controller controls the heating unit and the multi-way valve according to the antifreeze temperature, so that the hydrogen absorption subsystem performs thermal management on the first-stage hydrogen storage module and the second-stage hydrogen storage module. After the hydrogen absorption operation is completed and before the hydrogen release operation is completed, the pipeline connection of the thermal management system is configured as the hydrogen release subsystem; the controller controls the refrigeration unit and the multi-way valve so that the hydrogen release subsystem performs thermal management on the first-stage hydrogen storage module and the second-stage hydrogen storage module.

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