Adaptive tool system driven laser heating assisted grinding and polishing machine tool and control method

Abstract

This invention discloses an adaptive tool system-driven laser heating-assisted grinding and polishing machine and its control method, belonging to the field of grinding and polishing technology. The grinding and polishing machine includes a Z-axis moving device, portal columns, a hydrostatic turntable, a base plate, an X-axis moving device, a Y-axis moving device, a laser system, and a grinding and polishing tool system. The X-axis moving device is fixed to the base plate; the hydrostatic turntable is fixed to the moving part of the X-axis moving device, used to carry the workpiece and drive it to rotate around the C-axis; a pair of portal columns are fixed parallel to each other on the base plate and sequentially span above the X-axis moving device; a Y-axis moving device is fixed to the top of each portal column; the Z-axis moving device is fixed to the moving parts of the two portal columns; the grinding and polishing tool system is fixed to the bottom of the moving parts of the Z-axis moving device; the laser system is fixed to one portal column and is used to irradiate the surface of the workpiece material with laser before the grinding and polishing tool system processes the workpiece.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of grinding and polishing technology, specifically relating to a laser heating-assisted grinding and polishing machine tool and control method driven by an adaptive tool system, which is particularly suitable for high-precision grinding and polishing of SiCf / SiC composite freeform surfaces. Background Technology

[0002] Compared to traditional metallic materials, SiCf / SiC composites possess superior properties such as lightweight, low density, high temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance, making them important in various fields. However, due to the anisotropy and heterogeneity of SiCf / SiC composites, their processing faces significant challenges. Research indicates that laser-assisted machining can reduce grinding forces and tool wear during processing, achieve better surface quality, and improve processing efficiency. However, in existing equipment, ablation is often performed first at the laser system before machining on the machine tool, which not only reduces processing efficiency but also fails to guarantee processing accuracy. Currently, grinding machines integrating laser ablation systems cannot meet the processing requirements of larger parts and high-precision free-form surfaces, and their efficiency is low, failing to meet the high-efficiency requirements of actual production processes. Therefore, designing machine tools specifically for laser-assisted grinding of SiCf / SiC composites is particularly necessary, requiring improvements in both processing accuracy and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems in the existing technology, this invention provides an adaptive tool system-driven laser heating-assisted grinding and polishing machine tool and its control method, enabling it to meet the high-precision machining requirements of SiCf / SiC freeform surfaces and improve production efficiency.

[0004] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] As one aspect of the present invention, a laser-heated assisted grinding and polishing machine tool driven by an adaptive tool system is provided, comprising a Z-axis moving device, portal columns, a hydrostatic turntable, a base plate, an X-axis moving device, a Y-axis moving device, a laser system, and a grinding and polishing tool system; the X-axis moving device is fixed on the base plate; the hydrostatic turntable is fixed on the moving part of the X-axis moving device and is driven by the X-axis moving device to move along the X-axis, the hydrostatic turntable being used to carry the workpiece and drive the workpiece to rotate around the C-axis; a pair of portal columns are fixed parallel to each other on the base plate and are sequentially spanned above the X-axis moving device; a Y-axis moving device is fixed at the top of each portal column; the Z-axis moving device is fixed on the moving parts of the two portal columns and is driven by the Y-axis moving device to move in the Y-direction; the grinding and polishing tool system is fixed at the bottom of the moving part of the Z-axis moving device and is driven by the Z-axis moving device to move in the Z-direction; the laser system is fixed on a portal column and is used to irradiate the surface of the workpiece material with laser before the grinding and polishing tool system processes the workpiece.

[0006] Furthermore, the laser system includes a servo motor, a reflector, a beam expander, a laser emitter, a ball screw slide, a 3D laser galvanometer, and a laser base plate. The laser base plate is fixed to the side wall of the portal column. The laser emitter, beam expander, servo motor, and ball screw slide are respectively fixed to the laser base plate. The beams emitted by the beam expander and the laser emitter are on the same vertical line. The reflector and the 3D laser galvanometer are respectively fixed to the moving parts of the ball screw slide. The servo motor drives the ball screw slide through a synchronous belt, causing the reflector and the 3D laser galvanometer to move synchronously. The beam emitted by the laser emitter passes through the beam expander and then enters the reflector, which reflects it to the 3D laser galvanometer. The 3D laser galvanometer adjusts the beam exit angle so that it acts on the workpiece surface. The servo motor drives the ball screw slide, thereby adjusting the positions of the reflector and the 3D laser galvanometer to adjust the processing range of the laser beam.

[0007] Furthermore, the grinding and polishing tool system includes a grinding head mechanism, a grinding head base, a chip suction device, a cooling device, a support plate, and a circular grating; the grinding head mechanism is fixed on the grinding head base; the chip suction device and the cooling device are respectively fixed on both sides of the grinding head base for chip suction and cooling of the workpiece grinding and polishing position; two support plates are respectively fixed in front of and behind the grinding head base, and the circular grating is fixed on the outside of one support plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the grinding head mechanism includes a belt polishing assembly, a contact wheel assembly, and a tensioning assembly; the belt of the belt polishing assembly passes over the tensioning assembly and is tactilely connected to the contact wheel assembly; the contact wheel assembly includes a rubber roll radius adjustment mechanism, a rubber belt position adjustment mechanism, a bearing belt tension adjustment mechanism, a rubber belt, and a bearing belt; the rubber belt is wound around the rotating component of the rubber roll radius adjustment mechanism to form a rubber roll, and the free end of the rubber roll is fixed to the rotating component of the rubber belt position adjustment mechanism; the bearing belt is connected end to end to form a rotary structure, which is tactilely connected to both the rotating component of the rubber belt position adjustment mechanism and the rubber roll; the rubber roll radius adjustment mechanism is installed on the moving component of the bearing belt tension adjustment mechanism; the rubber roll radius is adjusted by the rubber roll radius adjustment mechanism; when the rubber roll radius changes, the vertical position of the rubber roll is adjusted by the bearing belt tension adjustment mechanism, thereby adjusting the tension of the bearing belt; the lateral position of the bearing belt and the free end of the rubber roll is adjusted by the rubber belt position adjustment mechanism to ensure that the straightened portion of the free end of the rubber roll is always in the vertical direction.

[0009] Furthermore, the rubber roll radius adjustment mechanism includes a first rubber belt rotary motor, a grinding and polishing tool timing belt, a first rotating wheel, a rubber roll mounting shaft, and a pulley; the first rubber belt rotary motor is fixedly connected to the moving part of the bearing belt tension adjustment mechanism, and the output shaft of the first rubber belt rotary motor is fixedly connected to the pulley; the rubber roll mounting shaft is also mounted on the moving part of the bearing belt tension adjustment mechanism and located below the pulley, and the first rotating wheel is fixed on the rubber roll mounting shaft; the pulley and the first rotating wheel are connected through the grinding and polishing tool timing belt, transmitting the rotational motion of the pulley to the rubber roll mounting shaft; the rubber belt is wound around the first rotating wheel to form a rubber roll, and is wound in or out as the first rotating wheel rotates; the free end of the rubber roll is a section of rubber belt with a straightened portion, and the end of the straightened portion is fixed to the rotating part of the rubber belt position adjustment mechanism.

[0010] Furthermore, the rubber belt position adjustment mechanism includes a ball screw module, a ball screw control motor, a second rubber belt rotary motor, and a second rotating wheel. The ball screw module is fixed on the grinding head base, and the slider of the ball screw module is driven to move horizontally by the ball screw control motor. The second rubber belt rotary motor is fixed on the slider of the ball screw module and moves horizontally with the slider. The output shaft of the second rubber belt rotary motor is fixedly connected to the second rotating wheel. When the radius of the rubber roll changes, the second rotating wheel controls the free end of the rubber roll to wind in or out, ensuring the tension of the rubber belt. At the same time, the ball screw control motor drives the slider of the ball screw module, causing the second rubber belt rotary motor to move horizontally, thereby controlling the straightened part of the free end of the rubber roll to always be in the vertical direction.

[0011] Furthermore, the bearing belt tension adjustment mechanism includes a slide, a linear guide rail, and a counterweight cylinder; the inner envelope of the bearing belt coincides with the outer envelope of the rubber belt and is wound around the rubber belt; the linear guide rail is fixed on the grinding head base, the slide is slidably connected to the linear guide rail, and the counterweight cylinder is fixed on the grinding head base to drive the slide to move up and down along the linear guide rail; the rubber roll radius adjustment mechanism is fixed on the slide; when the rubber roll radius changes, the length of the outer envelope of the rubber belt changes, and the slide moves up and down along the linear guide rail by adjusting the counterweight cylinder, which drives the rubber roll radius adjustment mechanism to move up and down, thereby adjusting the center distance between the rubber roll mounting shaft and the rotating component of the rubber belt position adjustment mechanism, so that when the length of the outer envelope of the rubber belt changes, the inner envelope of the bearing belt remains coincident with the outer envelope of the rubber belt.

[0012] As another aspect of the present invention, a control method for a laser-heated assisted grinding and polishing machine tool driven by an adaptive tool system is also provided, which is implemented using the laser-heated assisted grinding and polishing machine tool driven by an adaptive tool system described in the present invention; the control method includes the following steps:

[0013] S1. Clamp the workpiece using a special fixture, turn on the grinding and polishing machine and perform initialization settings;

[0014] S2. Measure the workpiece to obtain a measurement model, and compare it with the design model to obtain the machining allowance;

[0015] S3. Analyze the machining allowance and determine the machining parameters, including the length increment interpolation value and the coordinates of the machining positioning point;

[0016] S4. Grinding and polishing the workpiece through the coordinated operation of the laser system and the grinding and polishing tool system;

[0017] S5. The grinding and polishing radius of the grinding and polishing tool system is adaptively adjusted during the processing;

[0018] S6. After processing, measure the semi-finished or finished product and compare it with the design model. If the deviation meets the accuracy requirements, the processing is completed. If the deviation does not meet the accuracy requirements, enter the next processing cycle and return to continue measuring and processing the part.

[0019] Furthermore, in S4, the coordinated operation of the laser system and the polishing tool system refers to: adjusting the laser system so that its emitted laser beam acts on the workpiece surface and adjusting the processing range of the laser beam; adjusting the relative position between the workpiece and the polishing tool system, moving the polishing tool system to a preset position directly above the workpiece surface, controlling the X-axis moving device, Y-axis moving device, and Z-axis moving device, and adjusting the rotation angle of the workpiece and the swing angle of the polishing tool system, and performing five-axis linkage to process the workpiece.

[0020] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0021] This invention provides a laser-heated assisted grinding and polishing machine tool driven by an adaptive tool system. The laser system and the grinding and polishing tool system are controlled collaboratively to perform grinding and polishing processes. Laser-assisted processing can reduce grinding force and tool wear during processing, and can also achieve better surface quality. Furthermore, the radius of the rubber roll is adjustable. The motor speed can be calculated according to different requirements, and the radius of the rubber roll can be controlled through the collaborative control of the motor. This allows for the grinding of free-form surfaces with different radii of curvature without changing the contact wheel, thereby improving processing efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a laser heating-assisted grinding and polishing machine tool driven by an adaptive tool system, as described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of a laser heating assisted grinding and polishing machine tool driven by an adaptive tool system as described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the hydrostatic turntable described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the laser system structure described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the grinding and polishing tool system described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the grinding and polishing tool system described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding head mechanism described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the belt grinding and polishing component and the tensioning component described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the contact wheel assembly structure described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the bearing belt structure described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the chip removal device described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 12This is a schematic diagram of the cooling device structure described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 13 This is a flowchart of a control method for a laser heating-assisted grinding and polishing machine tool driven by an adaptive tool system, as described in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of determining the coordinates of a positioning point as described in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the machining point tool position as described in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the change in the polishing radius described in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0038] In the picture:

[0039] 1-Z-axis moving device; 2-Gateway column; 3-Hydrostatic turntable; 4-Base plate; 5-X-axis moving device; 6-Electrical control cabinet; 7-Support block; 8-Y-axis moving device; 9-Laser system; 10-Grinding and polishing tool system;

[0040] 301-Worktable plate; 302-Upper plate; 303-Hydrostatic rotary table outer shell; 304-Middle plate; 305-Lower plate; 306-Hydrostatic rotary table base; 307-Hydrostatic guide rail base plate; 308-Torque motor; 309-Hydrostatic bearing; 310-Throttle valve; 311-Rotary spindle of rotary table; 312-Support block;

[0041] 901-Servo motor; 902-Reflector; 903-Beam expander; 904-Laser emitter; 905-Ball screw slide; 906-3D laser galvanometer; 907-Synchronous belt; 908-Laser base plate;

[0042] 1001-Grinding head mechanism; 1002-Grinding head base; 1003-Chip suction device; 1004-Cooling device; 1005-Support plate; 1006-Circular grating; 1007-Circular grating pad; 1008-Belt grinding and polishing assembly; 1009-Contact wheel assembly; 1010-Tensioning assembly;

[0043] 10081 - Grinding and polishing motor rotor; 10082 - Grinding and polishing motor; 10083 - Sanding belt;

[0044] 10091 - Ball screw module; 10092 - Ball screw control motor; 10093 - Rubber belt rotary motor (No. 1); 10094 - Grinding and polishing tool timing belt; 10095 - Rotary wheel (No. 1); 10096 - Rubber belt; 10097 - Rubber roll mounting shaft; 10098 - Bearing belt; 10099 - Shaft support plate; 100910 - Pulley; 100911 - Slide; 100912 - Linear guide rail; 100913 - Counterweight cylinder; 100914 - Rubber belt rotary motor (No. 2); 100915 - Rotary wheel (No. 2);

[0045] 10101 - Tensioning cylinder; 10102 - Tensioning wheel;

[0046] 10031 - Vacuum head rotation angle control motor; 10032 - Vacuum head motor bracket; 10033 - No. 1 coupling; 10034 - Vacuum head; 10035 - Vacuum head shaft; 10036 - Vacuum head frame;

[0047] 100981 - Rubber support strip; 100982 - Threaded rivets; 100983 - Miniature bearing;

[0048] 10041-Cooling head; 10042-Cooling head shaft; 10043-Cooling head frame; 10044-Cooling head rotation angle control motor; 10045-Motor bracket; 10046-No. 2 coupling. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0050] Example 1:

[0051] This embodiment describes a laser-heated assisted grinding and polishing machine tool driven by an adaptive tool system, such as... Figures 1 to 2As shown, the system comprises a Z-axis moving device 1, portal columns 2, a static pressure turntable 3, a base plate 4, an X-axis moving device 5, an electrical control cabinet 6, a support block 7, a Y-axis moving device 8, a laser system 9, and a grinding and polishing tool system 10. The X-axis moving device 5 is fixedly mounted on the base plate 4. The static pressure turntable 3 is fixedly mounted on the slide of the X-axis moving device 5 and is driven by the X-axis moving device 5 to move along the X-axis. The workpiece to be processed is fixed on the static pressure turntable 3 and is driven by the static pressure turntable 3 to rotate around the C-axis. A pair of portal columns 2 are fixedly mounted parallel to each other on the base plate 4 and sequentially span above the X-axis moving device 5. The "doorway" at the bottom of the portal columns 2 adopts an arched structure, using a parabola as the arch line. A Y-axis moving device 8 is fixedly mounted on the top of each portal column 2. The Z-axis moving device 1 is fixedly mounted on the slide of the two portal columns 2 and moves along the Y-axis. The linear motor of the moving device 8 drives the slide table, which in turn moves the Z-axis moving device 1 in the Y-axis direction. The grinding and polishing tool system 10 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the intermediate support block of the Z-axis moving device 1. The ball screw motor of the Z-axis moving device 1 drives the intermediate support block to move along the Z-axis direction, thereby moving the grinding and polishing tool system 10 fixed on the intermediate support block in the Z-axis direction. The laser system 9 is fixedly installed on the side wall of a portal column 2 facing the grinding and polishing tool system 10. The laser system 9 is used to soften the surface of the workpiece material by laser irradiation before the grinding and polishing tool system 10 is processed. The electrical control cabinet 6 is fixedly installed on the base plate 4 and is electrically connected to the Z-axis moving device 1, the hydrostatic turntable 3, the X-axis moving device 5, the Y-axis moving device 8, the laser system 9, and the grinding and polishing tool system 10. The support block 7 is fixedly installed on the base plate 4 and is used to support the two sides of the portal column 2.

[0052] like Figure 3As shown, the hydrostatic turntable 3 includes a worktable plate 301, an upper plate 302, a hydrostatic turntable shell 303, a middle plate 304, a lower plate 305, a hydrostatic turntable base 306, a hydrostatic guide rail base plate 307, a torque motor 308, a hydrostatic bearing 309, a throttle valve 310, a turntable spindle 311, and a receiving block 312. The hydrostatic guide rail base plate 307 is fixedly connected to the hydrostatic turntable base 306; the hydrostatic turntable base 306 is fixedly connected to the slide of the X-axis moving device 5; the hydrostatic bearing 309 is fixedly connected to the hydrostatic turntable base 306; the torque motor 308 is fixedly connected to the turntable spindle 311 and drives the turntable spindle 311 to rotate; the turntable spindle 311 is fixedly connected to the receiving block 312; the receiving block 312 is fixedly connected to the upper plate 302; the upper plate 302 is fixedly connected to the worktable plate 301 and also fixedly connected to the middle plate 304; the middle plate 304 is fixedly connected to the lower plate 305; the throttle valve 310 is fixed at the oil chamber of the hydrostatic bearing 309. The torque motor 308 drives the turntable spindle 311 to rotate, which in turn drives the receiving block 312 to rotate. The receiving block 312 is fixedly connected to the upper plate 302, driving the upper plate 302 to rotate. The upper plate 302 simultaneously drives the worktable plate 301 and the middle plate 304 to rotate. The middle plate 304 drives the lower plate 305 to rotate. The hydrostatic bearing 309 is fixedly connected to the hydrostatic turntable base 306 and remains stationary.

[0053] like Figure 4As shown, the laser system 9 includes a servo motor 901, a reflector 902, a beam expander 903, a laser emitter 904, a ball screw slide 905, a 3D laser galvanometer 906, a synchronous belt 907, and a laser base plate 908. A laser base plate 908 is fixedly installed on one side wall of the portal column 2; a laser emitter 904, a beam expander 903, a servo motor 901, and a ball screw slide 905 are respectively fixedly installed on the laser base plate 908; the beams emitted by the beam expander 903 and the laser emitter 904 are on the same vertical line; a reflector 902 is fixedly installed on the support plate of the ball screw slide 905 and can move with the support plate on the ball screw slide 905; a 3D laser galvanometer 906 is fixedly installed on the support plate of the ball screw slide 905 and can move with the support plate on the ball screw slide 905; the servo motor 901 drives the screw of the ball screw slide 905 to rotate through the synchronous belt 907, which drives the support plate to move, and in turn drives the reflector 902 and the 3D laser galvanometer 906 on the support plate to move synchronously. The laser beam emitted by the laser emitter 904 is adjusted into a parallel beam by the beam expander 903, which increases the diameter of the laser beam. It then enters the reflector 902 and is reflected to the 3D laser galvanometer 906. Finally, the 3D laser galvanometer 906 adjusts the beam's exit angle to apply it to the workpiece surface. As the beam moves within its working range, the optical path calculation formula embedded in the control system of the 3D laser galvanometer 906 compensates for the beam's focal length, ensuring that it acts on the laser's focal point over a wide area and at a certain depth. This enables the ablation of large-area and free-form surfaces. The servo motor 901 drives the ball screw slide 905, which in turn adjusts the positions of the reflector 902 and the 3D laser galvanometer 906, thus adjusting the laser beam's processing range. Before the grinding and polishing tool system 10 begins processing, the laser system 9 irradiates the surface of the workpiece material with a laser, causing complex chemical and physical reactions on the material surface, resulting in softening. Then, the grinding and polishing tool system 10 performs grinding processing, which can reduce grinding force and tool wear during processing, obtain better surface quality, and improve processing efficiency.

[0054] like Figures 5 to 6As shown, the grinding and polishing tool system 10 includes a grinding head mechanism 1001, a grinding head base 1002, a chip suction device 1003, a cooling device 1004, a support plate 1005, a circular grating 1006, and a circular grating pad 1007. The grinding head mechanism 1001 is fixed on the grinding head base 1002; the chip suction device 1003 and the cooling device 1004 are respectively fixed on both sides of the grinding head base 1002, used for chip suction and cooling of the workpiece grinding and polishing area; two support plates 1005 are respectively fixed at the front and rear of the grinding head base 1002, the circular grating 1006 is mounted on the circular grating pad 1007, and the circular grating pad 1007 is fixed on the support plate 1005 at the front of the grinding head base 1002.

[0055] like Figures 7 to 10 As shown, the grinding head mechanism 1001 includes a belt polishing assembly 1008, a contact wheel assembly 1009, and a tensioning assembly 1010. The belt polishing assembly 1008 includes a polishing motor wheel 10081, a polishing motor 10082, and a sanding belt 10083. The output shaft of the polishing motor 10082 is connected to the polishing motor wheel 10081. The sanding belt 10083 is tangentially connected to the polishing motor wheel 10081 and rolls along with it. The sanding belt 10083 also passes around the tensioning assembly 1010 and rolls tangentially with the contact wheel assembly 1009. The sanding belt 10083 is tensioned by the tensioning assembly 1010, and the polishing motor 10082 drives the sanding belt 10083 to perform polishing on the workpiece. The contact wheel assembly 1009 adjusts the grinding radius of curvature.

[0056] like Figures 9 to 10 As shown, the contact wheel assembly 1009 includes a rubber roll radius adjustment mechanism, a rubber belt position adjustment mechanism, a bearing belt tension adjustment mechanism, a rubber belt 10096, and a bearing belt 10098. The rubber belt 10096 is wound around the rotating component of the rubber roll radius adjustment mechanism to form a rubber roll, and the free end of the rubber roll is fixed to the rotating component of the rubber belt position adjustment mechanism. The bearing belt 10098 is connected end to end to form a rotary structure, and it is simultaneously in rolling connection with the rotating component of the rubber belt position adjustment mechanism and the rubber roll. The rubber roll radius adjustment mechanism is installed on the moving component of the bearing belt tension adjustment mechanism. The rubber roll radius is adjusted by the rubber roll radius adjustment mechanism. When the rubber roll radius changes, the vertical position of the rubber roll is adjusted by the bearing belt tension adjustment mechanism, thereby adjusting the tension of the bearing belt. The lateral position of the bearing belt and the free end of the rubber roll is adjusted by the rubber belt position adjustment mechanism to ensure that the straightened part of the free end of the rubber roll is always in the vertical direction.

[0057] like Figure 9As shown, the rubber roll radius adjustment mechanism includes a first rubber belt rotary motor 10093, a grinding and polishing tool timing belt 10094, a first rotating wheel 10095, a rubber roll mounting shaft 10097, and a pulley 100910, used to install the rubber roll and adjust its radius. A primary rubber belt rotary motor 10093 is fixedly connected to the slide 100911 of the bearing belt tension adjustment mechanism and can move vertically with the slide 100911. The output shaft of the primary rubber belt rotary motor 10093 is fixedly connected to the pulley 100910 to drive the pulley 100910 to rotate. A rubber roll mounting shaft 10097 is mounted on the slide 100911 via a shaft support plate 10099 and is located below the pulley 100910. A synchronous belt spur gear and a primary rotating wheel 10095 are coaxially keyed on the rubber roll mounting shaft 10097. The upper part of the grinding and polishing tool synchronous belt 10094 is connected to the pulley 10091. 0. Through spur gear meshing, the lower half of the grinding and polishing tool timing belt 10094 meshes with the timing belt spur gear on the rubber roll mounting shaft 10097, and the rotational motion of the pulley 100910 is transmitted to the rubber roll mounting shaft 10097 through the grinding and polishing tool timing belt 10094; the rubber belt 10096 is coiled on the first rotating wheel 10095 to form a rubber roll, and is wound in or out as the first rotating wheel 10095 rotates, thereby changing the radius of the rubber roll formed by it; the free end of the rubber roll is a straightened section of the rubber belt 10096, and the end of the straightened section is fixed on the second rotating wheel 100915 of the rubber belt position adjustment mechanism.

[0058] like Figure 9 As shown, the rubber belt position adjustment mechanism includes a ball screw module 10091, a ball screw control motor 10092, a second rubber belt rotation motor 100914, and a second rotating wheel 100915, which are used to control the straightened part of the rubber belt 10096 at the free end of the rubber roll to always be in the vertical direction during the process of radius change of the upper and lower rubber rolls. The ball screw module 10091 is fixed on the grinding head base 1002. The ball screw control motor 10092 drives the slider of the ball screw module 10091 to move horizontally. The second rubber belt rotary motor 100914 is fixed on the slider of the ball screw module 10091. As the slider moves horizontally, the output shaft of the second rubber belt rotary motor 100914 is fixedly connected to the second rotating wheel 100915 to drive the second rotating wheel 100915 to rotate. When the radius of the rubber roll changes, the second rotating wheel 100915 controls the free end of the rubber roll to wind in or out, ensuring the tension of the rubber belt 10096. At the same time, the ball screw control motor 10092 drives the slider of the ball screw module 10091, causing the second rubber belt rotary motor 100914 to move horizontally, thereby controlling the straightened section of the rubber belt 10096 at the free end of the rubber roll to always be in the vertical direction.

[0059] like Figure 9 As shown, the bearing belt tension adjustment mechanism includes a shaft support plate 10099, a slide plate 100911, a linear guide rail 100912, and a counterweight cylinder 100913, which are used to adjust the tension of the bearing belt 10098. The inner envelope of the bearing belt 10098 coincides with the outer envelope of the rubber belt 10096 and is wound around the rubber belt 10096; linear guide rails 100912 are fixed on the front plate and back plate of the grinding head base 1002, and two shaft support plates 10099 are fixed on the slides 100911 of the linear guide rails 100912, respectively; the rubber roll mounting shaft 10097 is mounted between the two shaft support plates 10099 through bearings; the counterweight cylinder 100913 is fixed on the grinding head base 1002 and is used to drive the slides 100911 to move up and down along the linear guide rails 100912; the first rubber belt rotary motor 10093 of the rubber roll radius adjustment mechanism is fixed on one slide 100911. When the radius of the rubber roll changes, the length of the outer envelope of the rubber belt 10096 will change. The slide 100911 can be adjusted to move up and down along the linear guide rail 100912 by the counterweight cylinder 100913, which drives the rubber roll radius adjustment mechanism installed on the slide 100911 to move up and down, thereby adjusting the center distance between the rubber roll mounting shaft 10097 and the second rotating wheel 100915 of the rubber belt position adjustment mechanism, so that when the length of the outer envelope of the rubber belt 10096 changes, the inner envelope of the bearing belt 10098 still coincides with the outer envelope of the rubber belt 10096.

[0060] like Figure 10 As shown, the bearing belt 10098 includes a rubber support belt 100981, female and male rivets 100982, and a miniature bearing 100983. The rubber support belt 100981 has multiple mounting holes evenly distributed on it, and the female and male rivets 100982 are fixedly connected to the rubber support belt 100981 through the mounting holes. The inner ring of the miniature bearing 100983 is fixedly connected to the female and male rivets 100982, and the bearing belt 10098 is rolledly connected to the sanding belt 10083 through the outer ring of the bearing.

[0061] like Figure 8As shown, the tensioning assembly 1010 includes a tensioning cylinder 10101 and a tensioning wheel 10102. The tensioning cylinder 10101 is fixedly connected to the grinding head base 1002. The tensioning wheel 10102 is a driven wheel. Two tensioning wheels 10102 are fixedly connected to the tensioning cylinder 10101, and the remaining tensioning wheels 10102 are fixedly connected to the grinding head base 1002. The left and right center tensioning wheels 10102 are fixedly installed on the tensioning cylinder 10101. The piston rod of the tensioning cylinder 10101 extends to apply tension to the sanding belt 10083, so that it is in a tensioned state. Specifically, the sanding belt 10083 is tangent to the right side of the upper left tensioning wheel 10102, tangent to the left side of the upper right tensioning wheel 10102, tangent to the left side of the middle left tensioning wheel 10102, tangent to the right side of the middle right tensioning wheel 10102, tangent to the right side of the lower left tensioning wheel 10102, and tangent to the left side of the lower right tensioning wheel 10102.

[0062] like Figure 11 As shown, the dust collection device 1003 includes a dust collection head rotation angle control motor 10031, a dust collection head motor bracket 10032, a first coupling 10033, a dust collection head 10034, a dust collection head shaft 10035, and a dust collection head frame 10036. The dust collection head 10034 is fixedly connected to the dust collection head shaft 10035; the dust collection head shaft 10035 passes through the dust collection head frame 10036 and is fixedly connected to the first coupling 10033; the first coupling 10033 is fixedly connected to the dust collection head rotation angle control motor 10031, transmitting the torque of the dust collection head rotation angle control motor 10031 to the dust collection head shaft 10035, thereby adjusting the angle of the dust collection head 10034; the dust collection head frame 10036 is fixedly connected to the grinding head base 1002.

[0063] like Figure 12 As shown, the cooling device 1004 includes a cooling head 10041, a cooling head shaft 10042, a cooling head frame 10043, a cooling head rotation angle control motor 10044, a motor bracket 10045, and a second coupling 10046. The cooling head 10041 is fixedly connected to the cooling head shaft 10042; the cooling head shaft 10042 passes through the cooling head frame 10043 and is fixedly connected to the second coupling 10046; the second coupling 10046 is fixedly connected to the cooling head rotation angle control motor 10044, transmitting the torque of the cooling head rotation angle control motor 10044 to the cooling head shaft 10042, thereby adjusting the angle of the cooling head 10041; the cooling head frame 10043 is fixedly connected to the grinding head base 1002.

[0064] The working principle of Example 1 is briefly described below:

[0065] Clamp the workpiece using a special fixture, turn on the machine tool, reset the machine tool, check whether the linear motors and stepper motors of the machine tool can run smoothly, and set the initial position of other devices of the machine tool.

[0066] The grinding and polishing tool system is tested by starting the first rubber belt rotary motor 10093, which causes the rubber roll formed by the rubber belt 10096 wound on the first rotating wheel 10095 to reach its maximum radius. The bearing belt is then inserted, ensuring that its inner envelope coincides with the outer envelope of the rubber belt 10096, and wound around the rubber belt 10096. The ball screw control motor 10092 and the second rubber belt rotary motor 100914 are then started, ensuring that the common tangent line formed by the point where the rubber belt 10096 is tangent to the second rotating wheel 100915 and the point where the rubber belt 10096 is tangent to the rubber roll formed by itself wound around the first rotating wheel 10095 is vertical. Insert the sanding belt 10083 so that it is tangent to the upper half of the grinding and polishing motor wheel 10081, tangent to the right side of the upper left tensioning wheel 10102, tangent to the left side of the upper right tensioning wheel 10102, tangent to the left side of the middle left tensioning wheel 10102, tangent to the right side of the middle right tensioning wheel 10102, tangent to the right side of the lower left tensioning wheel 10102, tangent to the left side of the lower right tensioning wheel 10102, and tangent to the lower half of the bearing belt. Start the tensioning cylinder 10101 to tension the sanding belt 10083. Start the counterweight cylinder 100913 to adjust the rubber roll formed by the rubber belt 10096 wound on the first rotating wheel 10095 to the minimum radius. During the radius adjustment process, the length of the outer envelope of the rubber belt 10096 changes. The counterweight cylinder 100913 controls the slide 100911 to move up and down along the linear guide rail 100912, which drives the first rubber belt rotary motor 10093 and its connected parts, as well as the rubber roll mounting shaft 10097 and its connected parts, to move up and down together. This adjusts the center distance between the rubber roll mounting shaft 10097 and the second rotating wheel 100915, so that the inner envelope of the bearing belt still coincides with the outer envelope of the rubber belt 10096.

[0067] Adjust the relative position between the workpiece and the polishing tool system, control the X-axis moving device 5, Y-axis moving device 8, and Z-axis moving device 1, and adjust the rotation angle of the workpiece and the swing angle of the polishing tool system 10. Move the polishing tool system 10 to a suitable position directly above the initially set workpiece surface. Adjust the beam emission angle of the 3D laser galvanometer 906 of the laser system so that it acts on the workpiece. Adjust the ball screw slide 905, and then adjust the position of the reflector 902 and the 3D laser galvanometer 906 to adjust the processing range of the laser beam, so that the laser irradiates the surface of the workpiece material and softens it.

[0068] Start the polishing tool system, specifically start the polishing motor 10082, the dust suction head rotation angle control motor 10031, and the cooling head rotation angle control motor 10044, start the laser system 9 and all moving and rotating devices for coordinated control, and begin processing.

[0069] During the grinding and polishing process, the X-axis moving device 5 is used to adjust the relative position of the workpiece and the grinding and polishing tool system 10 in the X direction. The servo motor of the X-axis moving device 5 drives the ball screw, causing the slide to move along the X direction, thereby moving the workpiece on it to the corresponding X coordinate position. The Y-axis moving device 8 is used to adjust the relative position of the workpiece and the grinding and polishing tool system 10 in the Y direction. Two linear motors of the Y-axis moving device 8 drive the slide, causing the Z-axis moving device 1 and the grinding and polishing tool system 10 to move in the Y direction, moving the grinding and polishing tool system 10 to the corresponding Y coordinate position. The Z-axis moving device 1 is used to adjust the relative position of the workpiece and the grinding and polishing tool system 10 in the Z direction. Two ball screw motors drive the ball screws of the moving device 1, causing the intermediate receiving block to move along the Z-axis. This, in turn, drives the grinding and polishing tool system 10 fixed on the intermediate receiving block to move in the Z-axis, moving the grinding and polishing tool system 10 to the corresponding Z-coordinate position. The hydrostatic turntable 3 controls the rotation of the C-axis. The torque motor 308 of the hydrostatic turntable 3 drives the turntable spindle 311 to rotate, which in turn drives the receiving block 312 to rotate. The receiving block 312 is fixedly connected to the upper plate 302, causing the upper plate 302 to rotate. The upper plate 302 simultaneously rotates the worktable 301 and the middle plate 304, realizing the rotation of the C-axis. The oscillating motor at the grinding and polishing tool system 10 realizes the rotation of the A-axis. The five axes are linked to achieve the processing of the workpiece.

[0070] Example 2:

[0071] This embodiment describes the control method for a laser-heated assisted grinding and polishing machine tool driven by an adaptive tool system as described in Embodiment 1. Figure 13 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0072] S1. Use a special fixture to clamp the workpiece, turn on the machine tool, reset the machine tool, check whether the linear motors and stepper motors of the machine tool can run smoothly, and set the initial position of other devices of the machine tool.

[0073] S2. The inspection and polishing tool system measures the workpiece, obtains a measurement model, and compares it with the design model to obtain the machining allowance;

[0074] S3. Analyze the machining allowance to determine the length increment interpolation value and machining positioning point coordinates that meet the accuracy requirements. For example... Figure 14 , Figure 15 As shown, the method for determining the coordinates of the processing positioning point is as follows: Point A is the starting point, and the coordinates of point A are (…). , Draw the tangent line L to the target curve L through point A. A On the tangent line, take a point A' that is a distance l below point A. Draw L through A'. A The perpendicular line is drawn from point B to the target curve L, intersecting the target curve L at a point B. Similarly, the tangent line L to the target curve L is drawn through point B. B On the tangent line, take a point B' that is a distance l below point B. Draw L through B'. B The perpendicular line is drawn from point C to the target curve L, intersecting at point C. Similarly, the tangent line L to the target curve L is drawn through point C. C On the tangent line, take a point C' that is a distance l below point C. Draw L through C'. C The perpendicular line intersects the target curve L and a point D, and so on, to obtain the coordinates of n processing positioning points.

[0075] S4. Run the processing program to begin the grinding and polishing process. The laser system 9 and the grinding and polishing tool system 10 are controlled in tandem. The beam exit angle of the 3D laser galvanometer 906 is adjusted to act on the workpiece. The positions of the reflector 902 and the 3D laser galvanometer 906 are adjusted via the ball screw slide 905, thereby adjusting the processing range of the laser beam. The relative position between the workpiece and the grinding and polishing tool system is adjusted, moving the grinding and polishing tool system 10 to a suitable position directly above the initially set workpiece surface. The X-axis moving device 5, Y-axis moving device 8, and Z-axis moving device 1 are controlled, and the rotation angle of the workpiece and the swing angle of the grinding and polishing tool system 10 are adjusted, enabling five-axis linkage to process the workpiece. The X-axis moving device 5 is used to adjust the relative position of the workpiece and the grinding and polishing tool system 10 in the X direction. The servo motor of the X-axis moving device 5 drives the ball screw, causing the slide to move along the X direction, thereby moving the workpiece on it to the corresponding X coordinate position. The Y-axis moving device 8 is used to adjust the relative position of the workpiece and the grinding and polishing tool system 10 in the Y direction. Two linear motors of the Y-axis moving device 8 drive the slide, causing the Z-axis moving device 1 and the grinding and polishing tool system 10 to move in the Y direction, moving the grinding and polishing tool system 10 to the corresponding Y coordinate position. The Z-axis moving device 1 is used to adjust the relative position of the workpiece and the grinding and polishing tool system 10 in the Z direction. The two ball screw motors of the Z-axis moving device 1 drive the ball screws, causing the intermediate receiving block to move along the Z-axis. This, in turn, drives the grinding and polishing tool system 10 fixed on the intermediate receiving block to move in the Z-axis, so that the grinding and polishing tool system 10 moves to the corresponding Z coordinate position. The hydrostatic turntable 3 is used to control the rotation of the C-axis. The torque motor 308 of the hydrostatic turntable 3 drives the turntable spindle 311 to rotate, which in turn drives the receiving block 312 to rotate. The receiving block 312 is fixedly connected to the upper plate 302, driving the upper plate 302 to rotate. The upper plate 302 simultaneously drives the worktable 301 and the middle plate 304 to rotate, realizing the rotation of the C-axis. The rotation of the A-axis is realized by the swing motor at the grinding and polishing tool system 10.

[0076] S5. During the processing, the grinding and polishing radius of the grinding and polishing tool system 10 is adaptively adjusted, such as... Figure 16 As shown, when the polishing tool is located at x1 in the coordinate system, the radius of curvature of the corresponding freeform surface is ρ. r7 The radius of curvature of the free surface corresponding to x2 is ρ. r6 The minimum radius of curvature of the freeform surface within the distance from x1 to x2 is ρ. r6 Adjust the radius of the polishing tool to ρ r6 The workpiece is processed within this distance range. Within the distance from x2 to x3, the minimum radius of curvature of the freeform surface is ρ. r4 Adjust the radius of the polishing tool to ρ r4The workpiece is processed within this distance range. Within the distance from x3 to x4, the minimum radius of curvature of the freeform surface is ρ. r5 Adjust the radius of the polishing tool to ρ r5 The workpiece within this distance is processed, and so on. The minimum radius of curvature of the free surface in each distance is selected as the radius of the grinding and polishing tool within that distance for processing.

[0077] Specifically, the polishing radius of the polishing tool, i.e., the radius of the rubber roll below the polishing tool, is adjusted according to the model. The rotational speed of the first rubber belt rotary motor 10093 is fixed, while the ball screw controls the speed changes of motor 10092 and the second rubber belt rotary motor 100914. The equation for the arc length of the planar Archimedean spiral is:

[0078] ,

[0079] In the formula, For the spiral from arrive arc length, Let be the initial radius of the helix. The pitch of the helix. The initial angle of the spiral. The angle at which the spiral terminates. The angle of rotation of the spiral.

[0080] exist ~ Within a given time period, the arc length of rotation at position 10095 of the first rotating wheel is:

[0081] ,

[0082] In the formula, The initial angle of the spiral at position 10095 on the first rotating wheel. The angular velocity of the No. 1 rubber belt rotary motor 10093 is... Let be the initial radius of the helix. The pitch of the helix. The angle of rotation of the spiral.

[0083] The arc length of rotation at position 100915 of the second rotating wheel is:

[0084] ,

[0085] In the formula, The initial angle of the spiral at position 100915 on the second rotor. Let be the initial radius of the helix. The pitch of the helix. The rotation angle of the spiral. The rotation angle of the spiral at position 100915 on the second rotor.

[0086] During the rotation of the first rubber belt rotary motor 10093 and the second rubber belt rotary motor 100914, the ball screw control motor 10092 controls the slide to keep the common tangent line formed by the tangent point between the rubber belt 10096 and the second rotating wheel 100915 and the tangent point between the rubber belt 10096 and the rubber roll formed by the rubber belt 10096 wrapped around the first rotating wheel 10095 in a vertical state. Therefore, the tangent length remains unchanged. Consequently, the arc length of rotation at the first rotating wheel 10095 is equal to the arc length of rotation at the second rotating wheel 100915. = Thus, the solution is obtained. The angular velocity of the No. 2 rubber belt rotary motor 100914 is:

[0087] ,

[0088] In the formula, The angular velocity of the No. 2 rubber belt rotary motor 100914 is... The rotation angle of the spiral at position 100915 on the second rotor.

[0089] The above process yields a series of points showing the angular velocity of the No. 2 rubber belt rotary motor 100914 as a function. .

[0090] The radius of the spiral at position 10095 on the first rotor for:

[0091] ,

[0092] In the formula, The rotation angle of the spiral at position 10095 on the first rotating wheel. Let be the initial radius of the helix. The pitch of the helix.

[0093] The reduction in the radius of the helix at position 10095 on the first rotor is:

[0094] ,

[0095] In the formula, The initial angle of the spiral at position 10095 on the first rotating wheel. The angular velocity of the No. 1 rubber belt rotary motor 10093 is... Let be the initial radius of the helix. The pitch of the helix.

[0096] The increase in the helix radius at position 100915 of the second rotor is:

[0097] ,

[0098] In the formula, The initial angle of the spiral at position 100915 on the second rotor. Let be the initial radius of the helix. The pitch of the helix. It is a function of the angular velocity of the No. 2 rubber belt rotary motor 100914 as a function of time.

[0099] Therefore, the ball screw controls the motor 10092 at 0~ The horizontal distance traveled within the time interval is:

[0100] ,

[0101] In the formula, This represents the reduction in the radius of the helix at position 10095 on the first rotor. The increase in the radius of the helix at position 100915 on the second rotor. This is a function of the angular velocity of the No. 2 rubber belt rotary motor 100914 as a function of time. The angular velocity of the No. 1 rubber belt rotary motor 10093 is... The pitch of the helix.

[0102] By inputting the desired helical radius r and the angular velocity of the No. 1 rubber belt rotary motor at 10093, The rotational speed of the No. 2 rubber belt rotary motor 100914 and the moving speed of the ball screw control motor 10092 can be obtained as a function of time. That is, by adjusting the rotational speed of the No. 2 rubber belt rotary motor 100914 and the moving speed of the ball screw control motor 10092, the radius of the rubber roll can be controlled, thereby adapting to different curvature radii of the workpiece.

[0103] As can be deduced above, the radius of the rubber roll can be adjusted as needed. By coordinating the control of the ball screw motor 10092, the first rubber belt rotating motor 10093, and the second rubber belt rotating motor 100914, the radius of the rubber roll can be made to reach the desired radius. Dynamic adjustment can be achieved to grind free surfaces with different curvature radii without changing the contact wheel.

[0104] S6. After processing, measure the semi-finished or finished product and compare it with the design model. If the deviation meets the accuracy requirements, the processing is completed. If the deviation does not meet the accuracy requirements, enter the next processing cycle and return to continue measuring and processing the workpiece.

Claims

1. A self-adapting tool system driven laser heating assisted grinding and polishing machine tool, characterized in that, The application relates to a laser polishing and grinding device, which comprises a Z-direction moving device (1), a door-shaped stand column (2), a static pressure rotating table (3), a bottom plate (4), an X-direction moving device (5), a Y-direction moving device (8), a laser system (9) and a polishing and grinding tool system (10); the X-direction moving device (5) is fixed on the bottom plate (4); the static pressure rotating table (3) is fixed on a moving part of the X-direction moving device (5) and is driven by the X-direction moving device (5) to move along the X direction; the static pressure rotating table (3) is used for bearing a workpiece and driving the workpiece to rotate around a C shaft; a pair of door-shaped stand columns (2) are fixed in parallel on the bottom plate (4) and cross above the X-direction moving device (5) in sequence; each door-shaped stand column (2) is fixed with a Y-direction moving device (8) at the top; the Z-direction moving device (1) is fixed on moving parts of the two door-shaped stand columns (2) and is driven by the Y-direction moving device (8) to move in the Y direction; the polishing and grinding tool system (10) is fixed at the bottom of the moving part of the Z-direction moving device (1) and is driven by the Z-direction moving device (1) to move in the Z direction; the laser system (9) is fixed on one door-shaped stand column (2) and is used for irradiating a workpiece material surface with laser before the workpiece is processed by the polishing and grinding tool system (10); the laser system (9) comprises a servo motor (901), a reflecting mirror (902), a beam expander (903), a laser emitting head (904), a ball screw sliding table (905), a 3D laser galvanometer (906) and a laser bottom plate (908); the laser bottom plate (908) is fixed on the side wall of the door-shaped stand column (2); the laser emitting head (904), the beam expander (903), the servo motor (901) and the ball screw sliding table (905) are fixed on the laser bottom plate (908) respectively; the beam expander (903) and the laser emitting head (904) are on the same vertical line; the reflecting mirror (902) and the 3D laser galvanometer (906) are fixed on moving parts of the ball screw sliding table (905); the servo motor (901) drives the ball screw sliding table (905) through a synchronous belt (907) and drives the reflecting mirror (902) and the 3D laser galvanometer (906) to move synchronously; the light beam emitted by the laser emitting head (904) is incident into the reflecting mirror (902) after passing through the beam expander (903), is reflected by the reflecting mirror (902) to the 3D laser galvanometer (906), the light beam is adjusted by the 3D laser galvanometer (906) to make the light beam act on the surface of the workpiece, the position of the reflecting mirror (902) and the 3D laser galvanometer (906) is adjusted by the servo motor (901) to drive the ball screw sliding table (905), and the processing range of the laser beam is adjusted; the polishing and grinding tool system (10) comprises a grinding head mechanism (1001), a grinding head base (1002), a chip suction device (1003), a cooling device (1004), a supporting plate (1005) and a circular grating (1006); the grinding head mechanism (1001) is fixed on the grinding head base (1002).The dust suction device (1003) and the cooling device (1004) are respectively fixed on both sides of the grinding head base (1002), and are used for dust suction and cooling of the grinding and polishing position of the workpiece; two support plates (1005) are respectively fixed in front of and behind the grinding head base (1002), and the circular grating (1006) is fixed outside one support plate (1005).

2. A self-adapting tool system driven laser heating assisted polishing machine according to claim 1, wherein, The grinding head mechanism (1001) comprises a sand belt grinding and polishing assembly (1008), a contact wheel assembly (1009), and a tensioning assembly (1010); the sand belt (10083) of the sand belt grinding and polishing assembly (1008) passes through the tensioning assembly (1010) and is connected with the contact wheel assembly (1009) in rolling connection; the contact wheel assembly (1009) comprises a rubber roll radius adjusting mechanism, a rubber belt position adjusting mechanism, a bearing belt tightness adjusting mechanism, a rubber belt (10096), and a bearing belt (10098); the rubber belt (10096) is coiled on the rotating part of the rubber roll radius adjusting mechanism to form a rubber roll, and the free end of the rubber roll is fixed on the rotating part of the rubber belt position adjusting mechanism; the bearing belt (10098) is connected at the beginning and the end to form a rotary structure, which is connected with the rotating part of the rubber belt position adjusting mechanism and the rubber roll in rolling connection; the rubber roll radius adjusting mechanism is installed on the moving part of the bearing belt tightness adjusting mechanism; the rubber roll radius is adjusted through the rubber roll radius adjusting mechanism, when the rubber roll radius changes, the up and down positions of the rubber roll are adjusted through the bearing belt tightness adjusting mechanism, and then the tightness of the bearing belt is adjusted, the transverse positions of the bearing belt and the free end of the rubber roll are adjusted through the rubber belt position adjusting mechanism, and it is ensured that the straightened part of the free end of the rubber roll is always in the vertical direction.

3. A self-adapting tool system driven laser heating assisted polishing machine according to claim 2, wherein, The rubber roll radius adjusting mechanism comprises a No. 1 rubber belt rotating motor (10093), a grinding and polishing tool synchronous belt (10094), a No. 1 rotating wheel (10095), a rubber roll mounting shaft (10097), and a pulley (100910); the No. 1 rubber belt rotating motor (10093) is fixedly connected to the moving part of the bearing belt tightness adjusting mechanism, and the output shaft of the No. 1 rubber belt rotating motor (10093) is fixedly connected with the pulley (100910); the rubber roll mounting shaft (10097) is also installed on the moving part of the bearing belt tightness adjusting mechanism and located below the pulley (100910), and the No. 1 rotating wheel (10095) is fixed on the rubber roll mounting shaft (10097); the pulley (100910) and the No. 1 rotating wheel (10095) are connected through the grinding and polishing tool synchronous belt (10094), and the rotary motion of the pulley (100910) is transmitted to the rubber roll mounting shaft (10097); the rubber belt (10096) is coiled on the No. 1 rotating wheel (10095) to form a rubber roll, and is wound in or out with the rotation of the No. 1 rotating wheel (10095); the free end of the rubber roll is a section of rubber belt (10096) having a straightened part, and the end of the straightened part is fixed on the rotating part of the rubber belt position adjusting mechanism.

4. The self-adapting tool system driven laser heating assisted polishing machine according to claim 2, wherein, The rubber belt position adjusting mechanism comprises a ball screw module (10091), a ball screw control motor (10092), a second rubber belt rotating motor (100914) and a second rotating wheel (100915); the ball screw module (10091) is fixed on the grinding head base (1002), and the sliding block of the ball screw module (10091) is driven to move in the horizontal direction by the ball screw control motor (10092); the second rubber belt rotating motor (100914) is fixed on the sliding block of the ball screw module (10091) and moves in the horizontal direction with the sliding block, and the output shaft of the second rubber belt rotating motor (100914) is fixedly connected with the second rotating wheel (100915); when the rubber roll radius changes, the second rotating wheel (100915) controls the rubber roll free end to be wound in or out, so as to ensure the tension of the rubber belt (10096), and the sliding block of the ball screw module (10091) is driven by the ball screw control motor (10092) to move in the horizontal direction, so that the straightened part of the rubber roll free end is always in the vertical direction.

5. The self-adapting tool system driven laser heating assisted polishing machine according to claim 2, wherein, The bearing belt tension adjusting mechanism comprises a sliding plate (100911), a linear guide rail (100912) and a counterweight cylinder (100913); the inner envelope line of the bearing belt (10098) coincides with the outer envelope line of the rubber belt (10096) and is wound on the rubber belt (10096); the linear guide rail (100912) is fixed on the grinding head base (1002), the sliding plate (100911) is slidingly connected to the linear guide rail (100912), and the counterweight cylinder (100913) is fixed on the grinding head base (1002) and is used to drive the sliding plate (100911) to move up and down along the linear guide rail (100912); the rubber roll radius adjusting mechanism is fixed on the sliding plate (100911); when the rubber roll radius changes, the length of the outer envelope line of the rubber belt (10096) changes, the sliding plate (100911) is adjusted to move up and down along the linear guide rail (100912) by the counterweight cylinder (100913), the rubber roll radius adjusting mechanism is driven to move up and down, and then the center distance between the rubber roll mounting shaft (10097) and the rotating part of the rubber belt position adjusting mechanism is adjusted, so that when the length of the outer envelope line of the rubber belt (10096) changes, the inner envelope line of the bearing belt (10098) remains coincident with the outer envelope line of the rubber belt (10096).

6. A control method of a laser heating assisted grinding and polishing machine tool driven by an adaptive tool system, which is implemented by the laser heating assisted grinding and polishing machine tool driven by an adaptive tool system according to claim 1; characterized in that, The control method comprises the following steps: S1. clamping the workpiece using a special fixture, starting the grinding and polishing machine tool and performing initialization setting; S2. measuring the workpiece, obtaining a measurement model and comparing it with a design model to obtain a machining allowance; S3. analyzing the machining allowance to determine machining parameters, the machining parameters including length increment interpolation values and machining positioning point coordinates; S4. performing grinding and polishing machining on the workpiece through the coordinated operation of the laser system and the grinding and polishing tool system; S5. adaptively adjusting the grinding and polishing radius of the grinding and polishing tool system during the machining process. S6. After the processing is completed, the semi-finished product or finished product is measured, compared with the design model, if the deviation meets the accuracy requirement, the processing is completed, if the deviation does not meet the accuracy requirement, the next processing cycle is entered, and the part is measured and processed again.

7. The control method of a laser heating assisted lapping and polishing machine driven by a self-adaptive tool system according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the S4, the cooperative work of the laser system and the grinding and polishing tool system refers to: adjusting the laser system so that the laser beam emitted thereby acts on the workpiece surface, and adjusting the laser beam processing range; adjusting the relative position between the workpiece and the grinding and polishing tool system, moving the grinding and polishing tool system to a preset position directly above the workpiece surface, controlling the X-direction moving device, the Y-direction moving device and the Z-direction moving device, and adjusting the rotation angle of the workpiece and the swing angle of the grinding and polishing tool system, and five-axis linkage is performed to process the workpiece.

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