Bridge steel reinforced concrete combined tower column formwork system construction structure and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge construction, and discloses a bridge steel reinforced concrete combined tower column formwork system construction structure and method. A profile steel skeleton structure; a template system; the sliding wheel group is attached to the bottom of the template system; a lifting system and an anchoring system; the lifting system comprises a multi-mode sensing unit and an intelligent lifting control unit. The method comprises the steps that S1, segments are prepared; s2, system installation and connection; s3, unlocking is carried out; s4, intelligent improvement is carried out; s5, locking and sequence turning are carried out; s6, segment construction and form removal are carried out; and S7, anchoring recovery and circulation. According to the invention, the load is transmitted to the internal profile steel framework, so that rapid climbing under low-strength concrete is realized, and the construction period is shortened; and remote control and man-machine separation are realized by adopting an intelligent lifting system, so that the risk of high-altitude operation is fundamentally avoided, and the construction is safe and efficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge construction technology, specifically to a construction structure and method for a steel-concrete composite tower column formwork system for bridges. Background Technology

[0002] To adapt to the industrialization and prefabrication trends in the construction industry, modern bridge engineering is increasingly adopting composite structures that combine steel frames with concrete. In particular, steel-concrete composite towers, with their superior load-bearing capacity and durability, are becoming increasingly widely used. Therefore, the market urgently needs a new construction structure and supporting methods that are highly compatible with the characteristics of this type of tower.

[0003] Currently, the construction of such tall tower columns generally employs traditional hydraulic climbing formwork systems. This formwork system typically relies on guide rails and supporting structures attached to the already poured concrete tower body. Hydraulic cylinders lift the formwork and operating platform upwards as a whole. After the formwork is in place, an anchoring system secures the entire load of the climbing frame to the tower body, allowing for the pouring of the next concrete segment.

[0004] However, existing hydraulic climbing formwork systems have inherent design limitations when applied to the construction of steel-framed concrete tower columns. Their anchoring mechanism relies entirely on the strength of the external concrete, requiring that the next climbing operation be delayed until the newly poured concrete segment reaches a sufficient strength, undoubtedly extending the construction period. Furthermore, these systems do not effectively utilize the load-bearing capacity of the internal steel frame to optimize construction procedures. Their complex hydraulic piping and cumbersome cyclical climbing steps not only increase operational complexity but also introduce potential safety risks to high-altitude operations. In particular, the need for personnel to be present inside the climbing formwork throughout the entire process makes it difficult to fundamentally guarantee the safety of construction workers.

[0005] Therefore, this invention proposes a construction structure and method for a bridge steel-concrete composite tower column formwork system to address the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a construction structure and method for a steel-concrete composite tower column formwork system for bridges. It aims to solve the problems of long construction cycles, low construction efficiency due to the reliance on concrete strength for anchorage in traditional climbing formwork technology, and high safety risks caused by the need for personnel to work at heights.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The first aspect of this invention provides a construction structure for a bridge steel-concrete composite tower column formwork system, comprising: A connecting unit, the connecting unit comprising an I-beam and an end plate, wherein at least one guide pin is fixedly connected to one end of the end plate; A steel frame structure serves as the permanent internal steel structure of the tower columns; Template system, used to form the outer contour of tower column segments; A set of sliding wheels attached to the bottom of the template system; A lifting system and an anchoring system, both of which are detachably mounted on the connecting unit; in: The lifting system is used to provide power for the vertical movement of the template system. The lifting system includes a multimodal sensing unit and an intelligent lifting control unit. The multimodal sensing unit is used to monitor the dynamic load and horizontal offset of the template system in real time during the lifting process. The intelligent lifting control unit is electrically connected to the multimodal sensing unit and is used to perform closed-loop control of the operation of the lifting system based on the monitoring data. The anchoring system is installed on the connecting unit after the lifting system is removed, and is used to lock the template system in place.

[0008] Preferably, the lifting system includes: A temporary workbench, comprising two I-beams and an end plate, wherein the two I-beams are welded to the end plate. The lifting unit is installed on the temporary operating platform; Steel strands are used to connect the lifting unit and the template system; At least one guide hole is provided on the outer surface of the second end plate, and the guide hole is engaged with a guide pin. The first group of bolts is used to detachably fasten the second end plate to the first end plate.

[0009] Preferably, the anchoring system includes: Pressure-bearing block; Multiple pre-embedded cone sleeves, wherein the pre-embedded cone sleeves are pre-embedded in the cast-in-place tower column segments; The second group of bolts is used to pass through the bearing block and the end plate and to be threadedly connected to the pre-embedded tapered sleeve to achieve locking; At least one guide groove is provided on the outer surface of the pressure block near the end plate, and the guide groove is engaged with the guide pin.

[0010] Preferably, the multimodal sensing unit includes: A fixed housing is installed between two I-beams; A ring-shaped pressure sensor is installed at the bottom inner part of a fixed housing for real-time monitoring of dynamic loads. A spherical groove base is disposed on top of the annular pressure sensor; A vertical reference guide ball, the bottom of which is housed within the spherical groove base and serves as a gravity reference; At least two sets of horizontal displacement sensors are provided, both of which are disposed on the inner wall of the fixed housing and aligned with the vertical reference guide ball, for real-time monitoring of horizontal offset.

[0011] Preferably, the fixed housing, the annular pressure sensor, the spherical groove base, and the vertical reference guide ball are all provided with a central through hole; the central through hole is used for threading the steel strand.

[0012] Preferably, the intelligent lifting control unit includes: The position feedback unit measures the travel distance of the lifting unit to calculate the real-time vertical height of the template system. The central processing unit, based on preset control logic, performs comprehensive calculations on the real-time vertical height data generated by the position feedback unit and the dynamic load and horizontal offset data generated by the multimodal sensing unit, and generates control commands. A drive control unit is used to convert the control commands generated by the central processing unit into power output to the lifting unit.

[0013] Preferably, the central processing unit is configured to calculate the real-time horizontal offset component of the template system based on the readings of the paired horizontal displacement sensors in the X and Y axes using the following formula. and : ; ; in: for Real-time horizontal offset along the X-axis; for Real-time horizontal offset along the Y-axis; for Real-time readings from a horizontal displacement sensor positioned along the positive X-axis; for Real-time readings from a horizontal displacement sensor positioned along the negative X-axis; for Real-time readings from a horizontal displacement sensor positioned along the positive Y-axis; for Real-time readings from a horizontal displacement sensor positioned along the negative Y-axis.

[0014] Preferably, the central processing unit is further configured to perform load self-learning and anomaly monitoring functions, wherein: At the start of the lifting operation, the initial load measured by the annular pressure sensor is recorded as the reference weight. ; During the lifting process, the real-time load is continuously monitored. And when the conditions are met When the value exceeds the preset safety threshold, the anomaly protection is triggered.

[0015] Preferably, the central processing unit is further configured to perform a prestress balancing soft start. Before the lifting operation is accelerated, the central processing unit controls the drive control unit to smoothly increase the tension applied by the lifting system to the template system until the real-time load monitored by the annular pressure sensor is equal to the pre-recorded reference weight.

[0016] A second aspect of this invention provides a construction method for a steel-concrete composite tower column formwork system for bridges, comprising the following steps: S1. Segment Preparation: The steel frame structure is hoisted to the tower column segment to be constructed, and the steel frame structure is connected and fixed to the reserved steel and reinforcing bars of the already poured tower column segment; S2. System Installation and Connection: The lifting system is detachably installed on the connecting unit and connected to the template system via the steel strand; S3, Unlock: Remove the anchoring system used to fix the previous tower section, so that the formwork system is in a state ready for lifting; S4, Intelligent Upgrade: The intelligent lifting control unit is activated and the following sub-steps are executed automatically: S41 Load self-learning: Before lifting, the initial load measured by the annular pressure sensor is recorded as the reference weight; S42 Prestress Balance Soft Start: Controls the drive control unit to smoothly increase the tension on the template system until the real-time load monitored by the annular pressure sensor is balanced with the reference weight; S43 Closed-loop control lifting: Based on the dynamic load and horizontal offset monitored in real time by the multimodal sensing unit and the real-time vertical height obtained by the position feedback unit, closed-loop control is performed to drive the lifting unit to lift the template system through the steel strand. Under the guidance and support of the sliding wheel group, the template system is made to climb along the tower column to the target height. S5, Locking and Transition: After the template system is lifted into place, the lifting system is removed, and then the anchoring system is installed to securely lock the template system in place. S6. Segmental construction and formwork removal: Concrete pouring and curing of the new tower segment is carried out, and formwork is removed after the concrete reaches the predetermined strength. S7. Anchoring Recycling and Reuse: After demolding is completed, the embedded cone sleeve pre-embedded in the poured concrete is unscrewed and recycled, and the remaining holes and slots are repaired; then steps S1 to S7 are repeated to carry out the construction of subsequent tower column segments until the tower column reaches the design height.

[0017] This invention provides a construction structure and method for a steel-concrete composite tower column formwork system for bridges. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention innovatively incorporates precast high-strength concrete bearing blocks into the steel frame structure inside the tower column, attaching the anchoring system to this structure. This design directly transfers the enormous load of the formwork system to the stable internal steel frame, rather than the external concrete. Therefore, it eliminates the need to wait for the newly poured concrete to reach its high design strength; the formwork can be raised and a new round of anchoring can begin while the concrete is still at a relatively low strength. This core improvement utilizes the existing tower column structure, reduces the investment in temporary construction measures, significantly shortens the construction period for individual segments, and substantially improves the overall construction efficiency of the bridge tower column.

[0018] 2. This invention employs a detachable, modular lifting system and integrates an intelligent closed-loop control technology consisting of a multimodal sensing unit, a central processing unit, and a drive control unit. This enables real-time monitoring and automated, precise control of the vertical height, dynamic load, and horizontal offset during the climbing process of the formwork system. This design not only solves the problem of requiring complex climbing devices in traditional climbing formwork systems and achieves structural lightweighting, but also automates complex manual operations, making the lifting process simple and efficient, and significantly reducing the probability of operational errors and equipment failures.

[0019] 3. This invention achieves remote control lifting of the formwork system by centrally mounting the power unit and intelligent control unit of the lifting system on a temporary operating platform atop a steel frame structure. Throughout the entire formwork lifting process, all operators do not need to enter the suspended formwork system, and the power equipment does not need to climb with the formwork. This working mode effectively separates personnel from the high-altitude moving formwork platform, fundamentally avoiding safety risks associated with high-altitude operations and equipment transportation, and greatly improving the inherent safety level of construction. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting system structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the separation of end plate two and end plate one according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the fixed outer casing of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the multimodal sensing unit structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the anchoring system structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a sectional view of the pre-embedded cone sleeve of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled connection between the pressure-bearing block and the end plate of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled connection between the pressure-bearing block and the end plate of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention.

[0021] The components are as follows: 1. I-beam one; 2. End plate one; 3. I-beam two; 4. End plate two; 5. First bolt group; 6. Lifting unit; 7. Steel strand; 8. Bearing block; 9. Embedded cone sleeve; 10. Second bolt group; 11. Guide pin; 12. Guide hole; 13. Guide groove; 14. Fixed shell; 15. Annular pressure sensor; 16. Spherical groove base; 17. Vertical reference guide ball; 18. Horizontal displacement sensor. A. Lifting system; B. Anchoring system; C. Sliding wheel block; D. Formwork system; E. Steel frame structure; F. Cast-in-place tower column segment. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] See attached document Figure 1 This invention provides a construction structure for a bridge steel-concrete composite tower column formwork system, which may include: a connecting unit, a steel frame structure E, a formwork system D, and a sliding wheel block C.

[0024] The structure further includes a lifting system A and an anchoring system B.

[0025] The connecting unit is welded to the steel frame structure E. The steel frame structure E serves as the permanent internal steel structure of the tower column. The lifting system A and the anchoring system B are detachably and interchangeably installed on the connecting unit.

[0026] The template system D is used to form the outer contour of the tower column segment. The pulley group C is attached to the bottom of the template system D and contacts the outer surface of the cast tower column.

[0027] Lifting system A provides power for the vertical movement of the template system. Lifting system A includes a multimodal sensing unit and an intelligent lifting control unit.

[0028] The multimodal sensing unit is used to monitor the dynamic load and horizontal displacement of the template system D in real time during the lifting process and generate monitoring data.

[0029] The intelligent lifting control unit is electrically connected to the multimodal sensing unit. The intelligent lifting control unit is used to perform closed-loop control of the operation of the lifting system A based on monitoring data.

[0030] Anchoring system B is installed on the connecting unit after lifting system A is removed, and is used to lock the template system D that has been lifted into place.

[0031] See attached document Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 8 The connecting unit is a permanent structural connector, which includes an I-beam 1 and an end plate 2. The I-beam 1 and the end plate 2 are fixedly connected by welding.

[0032] The I-beam 1 is welded to the steel frame structure E, making the connecting unit a component of the steel frame structure E.

[0033] At least one guide pin 11 is fixed on the end plate 2. In this embodiment, three guide pins 11 are symmetrically arranged on the outer surface of the end plate 2 away from the I-beam 1. Each guide pin 11 is a solid cylindrical pin of 40Cr alloy steel that has undergone quenching and tempering heat treatment.

[0034] See attached document Figures 1-5 The lifting system A is a detachable functional module that provides power for the vertical movement of the template system D. The mechanical structure of the lifting system A includes a temporary operating platform, a lifting unit 6 mounted on it, steel strands 7, and a first group of bolts 5.

[0035] The temporary workbench consists of two parallel I-beams (23) and end plates (24). The ends of the two I-beams are welded to the surface of the end plate (24).

[0036] The lifting unit 6 is installed on a temporary operating platform. Specifically, it is installed on two parallel I-beams 3. In this embodiment, the lifting unit 6 can be an electric hoist or a hydraulic lifting device.

[0037] The steel strand 7 is used to connect the lifting unit 6 and the formwork system D. One end of the steel strand 7 is fixed to the lifting unit 6, and the other end is connected to the pre-set load-bearing lifting point on the formwork system D.

[0038] At least one guide hole 12 is provided on the outer surface of end plate 2 4. In this embodiment, three guide holes 12 are provided, and their number, center distance and spatial arrangement correspond one-to-one with the positions of the three guide pins 11 on end plate 2 of the connecting unit.

[0039] The guide hole 12 is a precision-machined through hole, and its diameter forms a clearance fit with the outer diameter of the guide pin 11. This fit is used to ensure that the guide pin 11 can be smoothly inserted into the guide hole 12 when installing the lifting system A, thereby achieving rapid alignment and precise positioning of the lifting system A relative to the connecting unit, which facilitates the installation of the end plate 4.

[0040] The first bolt group 5 is used to detachably fasten end plate 2 4 to end plate 1 2. The first bolt group 5 includes a number of high-strength bolts. These bolts pass sequentially through pre-drilled holes in end plate 2 4 and end plate 1 2, and are locked in place by nuts and washers, thereby generating sufficient preload between the contact surfaces of the two end plates to achieve a secure mechanical connection.

[0041] See attached document Figures 1-5 The multimodal sensing unit is the data acquisition component of the lifting system A, used to generate real-time data on the dynamic load and horizontal offset of the template system D during the lifting process.

[0042] The multimodal sensing unit includes a fixed housing 14, an annular pressure sensor 15, a spherical groove base 16, a vertical reference guide ball 17, and a horizontal displacement sensor 18.

[0043] The fixed outer casing 14 is a rectangular steel casing that is detachably installed between two I-beams 23 on the temporary operating table.

[0044] An annular pressure sensor 15 is installed at the bottom inner side of the fixed housing 14. This sensor is a pressure-type force sensor based on resistance strain gauge technology. The annular pressure sensor 15 is electrically connected to the intelligent lifting control unit via its output cable.

[0045] A spherical groove base 16 is mounted on the top pressure-bearing surface of the annular pressure sensor 15. The main body of the spherical groove base 16 is made of hardened steel, and its upper surface is machined with a precision spherical groove for accommodating a sphere.

[0046] The spherical bottom of the vertical reference guide ball 17 is housed within the groove of the spherical groove base 16. The vertical reference guide ball 17 is a solid sphere made of high-density alloy steel. Under the influence of gravity, the center of mass of the vertical reference guide ball 17 always remains on the vertical line, thus forming a physical gravity reference.

[0047] The fixed housing 14, the annular pressure sensor 15, the spherical groove base 16, and the vertical reference guide ball 17 are all coaxially provided with a central through hole. The steel strand 7 passes through this central through hole, and the diameter of the central through hole is larger than the outer diameter of the steel strand 7 to ensure that the steel strand 7 does not come into contact with the inner walls of the three components during the insertion process.

[0048] At least two sets of horizontal displacement sensors 18 are provided on the inner wall of the fixed housing 14. In this embodiment, two sets of four horizontal displacement sensors 18 are provided. The two horizontal displacement sensors 18 of the first set are arranged facing each other along the X-axis, and the two horizontal displacement sensors 18 of the second set are arranged facing each other along the Y-axis, which is orthogonal to the X-axis.

[0049] Each horizontal displacement sensor 18 is a non-contact laser displacement sensor. Its laser emission point is aligned with the horizontal line of the center of the vertical reference guide ball 17.

[0050] During the lifting process, the vibration or sway of the template system D will be transmitted to the vertical reference guide ball 17 through the steel strand 7. This transmitted disturbance causes the vertical reference guide ball 17 to experience a slight impact and horizontal displacement within the spherical groove base 16.

[0051] The annular pressure sensor 15 is configured to monitor the real-time dynamic load transmitted by the vertical reference guide ball 17. Its detection principle is as follows: any swaying of the template system D during the lifting process will be transmitted to the vertical reference guide ball 17 through the steel strand 7, causing it to move within the spherical groove base 16. This movement manifests as a time-varying impact force, which is completely transmitted to the pressure-bearing surface of the annular pressure sensor 15 through the spherical groove base 16. The annular pressure sensor 15 converts the resistance change of its internal resistive element due to the force into a continuously changing voltage or current signal proportional to the magnitude of the impact force; this signal is the real-time dynamic load. .

[0052] At least two sets of horizontal displacement sensors 18 are configured to monitor the horizontal offset of the vertical reference guide ball 17 in real time. The detection principle is as follows: the movement of the vertical reference guide ball 17 caused by the swaying transmitted by the steel strand 7 is represented by the horizontal component of the vertical reference guide ball 17 in the horizontal plane (XY plane).

[0053] A pair of horizontal displacement sensors 18 arranged in the positive and negative directions of the X-axis measure their respective distances to the surface of the vertical reference guide ball 17 in real time, thereby obtaining real-time readings in the X-axis direction. and Similarly, a pair of horizontal displacement sensors 18 arranged in the positive and negative directions of the Y-axis measure and obtain real-time readings in the Y-axis direction. and .

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the top of the fixed housing is designed as an openable structure (e.g., via a removable cover) to allow workers to easily install, adjust, or maintain its internal structure from above.

[0055] The intelligent lifting control unit is the central control core of lifting system A. This unit is responsible for receiving all sensor data, executing complex control algorithms, and outputting precise control commands to downstream power equipment to achieve automated and intelligent closed-loop control of the lifting process of template system D. Logically, the intelligent lifting control unit includes a position feedback unit, a central processing unit, and a drive control unit.

[0056] Position feedback unit: The position feedback unit is used to accurately measure the travel distance of the lifting unit 6 and convert it into the real-time vertical height of the template system D. In this embodiment, if the lifting unit 6 is an electric hoist, the position feedback unit is a high-precision absolute rotary encoder installed on the motor spindle or drum shaft. This encoder calculates the number of rotations of the shaft and multiplies it by a preset circumference coefficient to obtain the length of the steel strand 7 that is released or retracted, which is the vertical displacement of the template system D. If the lifting unit 6 is a hydraulic lifting device, the position feedback unit is a magnetostrictive displacement sensor built into the hydraulic cylinder, which directly measures the extension stroke of the piston rod, which is equivalent to the vertical displacement of the template system D. This unit converts the measurement result into a digital signal and transmits it to the central processing unit in real time.

[0057] Central Processing Unit: The central processing unit (CPU) is the core of the entire control system for computation and decision-making. In this embodiment, its hardware is a programmable logic controller (PLC). This CPU is configured to perform the following core functions: Multi-source data fusion: This unit receives and processes three data streams in real time and simultaneously. Real-time vertical height data from the position feedback unit .

[0058] Real-time dynamic load from multimodal sensing unit .

[0059] Real-time readings from the X and Y axes of the multimodal sensing unit. , , ,

[0060] Real-time state calculation: The central processing unit has a built-in calculation program to convert raw data into intuitive state parameters. For example, based on the readings of paired horizontal displacement sensors along the X and Y axes, the real-time horizontal offset component of the template system D is calculated using the following formula. and : ; ; in: for Real-time horizontal offset along the X-axis; for Real-time horizontal offset along the Y-axis; for Real-time readings from a horizontal displacement sensor positioned along the positive X-axis; for Real-time readings from a horizontal displacement sensor positioned along the negative X-axis; for Real-time readings from a horizontal displacement sensor positioned along the positive Y-axis; for Real-time readings from a horizontal displacement sensor positioned along the negative Y-axis.

[0061] Closed-loop control command generation: The central processing unit (CPU) uses a preset lifting speed curve (e.g., a trapezoidal curve of acceleration, constant speed, and deceleration) and the target height, combined with real-time vertical height data. This generates the main control command. Simultaneously, it measures the real-time horizontal offset (…). ) and real-time dynamic load This serves as a monitoring variable. If any monitored variable exceeds the preset safety range, the unit will immediately adjust or interrupt the main control command to ensure the absolute safety of the lifting process.

[0062] Drive control unit: The drive control unit is the power actuator connecting the central processing unit and the lifting unit 6. It is responsible for converting the logic control commands issued by the central processing unit into the high-power electrical or hydraulic energy required to drive the lifting unit 6.

[0063] If the lifting unit 6 is an electric hoist, then the drive control unit is a high-performance torque control frequency converter (VFD). It receives virtual speed or torque command signals generated by the central processing unit, and according to the command, precisely controls the frequency and voltage of the AC power output to the hoist motor, thereby achieving smooth and precise control of the lifting speed and torque.

[0064] If the lifting unit 6 is a hydraulic lifting device, the drive control unit is a controller for an electro-hydraulic proportional valve or servo valve. It receives virtual control command signals from the central processing unit and adjusts the valve core opening accordingly, thereby precisely controlling the flow and pressure entering the hydraulic cylinder and achieving precise control of lifting speed and thrust.

[0065] The central processing unit executes a load monitoring algorithm. First, before the lifting operation officially begins, a "prestress balancing soft start" function is executed: the drive control unit smoothly increases the tension applied by the lifting system to the formwork system from zero. During this process, the central processing unit continuously monitors the real-time load feedback from the annular pressure sensor. When the load reading stabilizes (i.e., the rate of change is less than a preset minimum value), it indicates that the entire weight of the formwork system D has been borne by the lifting system. The load value at this point is recorded and stored as the reference weight. Throughout the subsequent upgrade process, the central processing unit continuously monitored the real-time dynamic load. And according to logical conditions (in For example, a preset security threshold. The judgment is made based on 10% of the target value. Once this condition is met, an anomaly is determined to have occurred (such as template system D being stuck or colliding with other objects). The central processing unit will immediately trigger the anomaly protection and issue a command to stop the lifting action.

[0066] See attached document Figure 1 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 Anchoring system B is used to securely lock the formwork system D to the structural unit of the poured tower column segment F after the lifting system A has completed its lifting task and been dismantled. Anchoring system B provides a rigid, reliable, and reusable anchoring interface, providing an absolutely stable working surface for subsequent concrete pouring operations.

[0067] Anchoring system B includes a bearing block 8, multiple pre-embedded cone sleeves 9, a second bolt group 10, and a guide groove 13.

[0068] In this embodiment, the bearing block 8 is a precast high-strength concrete bearing block. The use of precast components ensures its dimensional accuracy and stable and reliable mechanical properties. Its core innovation lies in the fact that multiple (four in this embodiment) pre-embedded conical sleeves 9 are precisely embedded in the bearing block 8, together forming an integrated and standardized anchoring module.

[0069] Each embedded cone sleeve 9 is itself a thick-walled steel sleeve with high-precision internal threads. By design, the sleeve is detachable, meaning that after the anchoring task of this segment is completed, it can be completely unscrewed from the bearing block 8 and the hardened tower column concrete by rotation, so that it can be reused in subsequent segments.

[0070] Guide grooves 13. In this embodiment, three guide grooves 13 are provided, and their number, center distance, and spatial arrangement correspond one-to-one with the positions of the three guide pins 11 on the end plate 2 of the connecting unit. During on-site installation, the worker only needs to align the bearing block 8 with the end plate 2 and insert the guide pins 11 into the guide grooves 13 to achieve precise alignment between the two in one step. This design ensures that subsequent bolts can pass smoothly through the pre-drilled holes of the two components.

[0071] The final locking is accomplished by the second group of bolts 10. The operator sequentially passes the high-strength bolts through the through holes on the end plate 2 and precisely screws them into the threads of the embedded tapered sleeve 9, which is located inside the bearing block 8 and has become part of the tower column. By applying the specified preload torque, the end plate 2 is pressed extremely firmly against the outer surface of the bearing block 8.

[0072] See attached document Figure 1 The template system D is the core structure used to directly form the outer contour of the tower column segment to be poured, and the space enclosed inside it is the concrete forming cavity.

[0073] The sliding wheel assembly C, attached to the bottom of the template system D, is a key auxiliary component for achieving stable and precise lifting of the template system D. This sliding wheel assembly C performs a dual core function during the lifting process: First, the sliding wheel assembly C is used to achieve "attached movement" of the formwork. Specifically, during the lifting process, the rollers of the sliding wheel assembly C remain in close contact with and roll on the concrete surface of the already poured lower tower column segment. This design ensures that the bottom of the formwork system D always has a reliable lateral support and guide when it is lifted upward by the steel strand 7, thus enabling it to rise smoothly and stably along the existing contour of the tower column, effectively preventing deviation and swaying during the lifting process.

[0074] Secondly, the sliding wheel assembly C is used to resist the overturning force of the formwork system D. During the lifting operation, wind load, slight shift of the center of gravity, or imperfect asymmetry of the lifting force can all generate a moment that attempts to tilt the upper part of the formwork system D outward. The sliding wheel assembly C, as the contact point between the bottom of the formwork system D and the consolidated tower column, provides a crucial supporting reaction force. This reaction force effectively balances the aforementioned overturning moment.

[0075] The components of I-beam 1, end plate 1, I-beam 2, end plate 2, first bolt group 5, lifting unit 6, steel strand 7, bearing block 8, embedded cone sleeve 9, second bolt group 10, guide pin 11, guide hole 12, guide groove 13, and steel frame structure E can be mass-produced before tower column construction, according to requirements.

[0076] See attached document Figure 10 The present invention discloses a construction method for a bridge steel-concrete composite tower column formwork system, the detailed construction steps and working principle of which are as follows: S1. Segment Preparation: This step marks the beginning of construction for each new segment. First, the prefabricated or on-site assembled steel frame structure E, serving as the permanent internal steel structure of the tower column, is hoisted as a whole to the top of the tower column segment to be constructed using large lifting equipment such as a tower crane. Then, the construction workers precisely align and securely connect the bottom of the steel frame structure E to the pre-existing steel sections and reinforcing bars in the already cast tower column segment F below, ensuring the mechanical continuity of the tower column's internal steel structure. It is worth noting that the connecting units (including I-beam 1 and end plate 2) pre-welded to the steel frame structure E are also installed in this step.

[0077] S2. System Installation and Connection: After the steel frame structure E is installed and fixed, the lifting system A is installed. The entire lifting system A is integrated into a modular temporary operating platform, which is hoisted to the corresponding position on the end plate 2 of the connecting unit. The multimodal sensing unit, as part of the modular temporary operating platform of the lifting system A, is usually pre-installed on its structure (between the two I-beams 3) before hoisting. The guide holes 12 on the end plate 4 and the guide pins 11 fixed on the end plate 2 are used to achieve quick and accurate alignment of the two components. After alignment, the end plate 4 (on which the I-beams 3 are welded) is immediately detachably fastened to the end plate 2 using the first group of bolts 5.

[0078] Subsequently, the steel strand 7 is connected to the lifting unit 6 and extends downwards, passing through the central through-hole of the multimodal sensing unit set on the temporary operating platform. Finally, its lower end is reliably connected to the pre-set lifting point on the template system D. At this point, the complete force transmission path from the power source to the object being lifted is constructed.

[0079] S3, Unlock: Before initiating the lifting operation, the locking condition imposed on the formwork system D by the anchoring system B during the construction of the previous segment must be released. Using specialized tools, workers loosen and remove the second set of bolts 10, used for fastening, from the embedded conical sleeve 9 inside the pre-embedded bearing block 8 within the already poured tower column segment F wall. After this operation, the entire weight of the formwork system D is transferred to the newly installed lifting system A via the steel strand 7. At this point, the formwork system D is in a fully suspended, ready-to-be-lifted state, with its bottom sliding wheel assembly C in close contact with the already poured tower column concrete wall, ready to provide guidance and support.

[0080] S4, Intelligent Upgrade: This step is the core of the entire construction method. By activating the intelligent lifting control unit, the fully automated, closed-loop controlled climbing of the formwork system D is achieved. This process is precisely broken down into the following three consecutive sub-steps: S41, Load self-learning: Before the lifting unit 6 officially outputs power and lifts the template system D, the intelligent lifting control unit first executes a load self-learning program. The system collects and records the initial load reading measured by the annular pressure sensor 15 at this moment and stores it as the reference weight. This value precisely represents the weight of the current template system D and related accessories, providing the most reliable benchmark data for subsequent prestress balancing and abnormal state monitoring.

[0081] S42, Prestressed Balance Soft Start: To avoid impact loads on the equipment and structure due to sudden startup, the central processing unit controls the drive control unit to ensure that the output tension of the lifting unit 6 increases smoothly and linearly from zero. During this process, the central processing unit monitors the readings of the annular pressure sensor 15 in real time. When the real-time dynamic load... The value increases slowly and eventually stabilizes at a level equal to the previously recorded baseline weight. At that point, the system determines that perfect prestress balance has been achieved, meaning that the tension applied by the lifting system exactly offsets the gravity of the template system D. This "soft start" process ensures a smooth transition from rest to motion.

[0082] S43, Closed-loop control improvement: After prestress balancing is completed, the system seamlessly switches to the closed-loop control lifting stage. Based on a preset lifting speed curve (such as a trapezoidal curve of acceleration-constant speed-deceleration), the central processing unit sends commands to the drive control unit, driving the lifting unit 6 to formally lift the formwork system D via the steel strand 7. Throughout the entire climbing process, the central processing unit continuously integrates and processes data from three sources at an extremely high frequency: Vertical position: Real-time vertical height provided by the position feedback unit By measuring the travel distance of the lifting unit 6, the real-time vertical height of the template system D can be calculated.

[0083] Dynamic load: Real-time dynamic load provided by the annular pressure sensor 15 and continue to be consistent with the benchmark weight A comparison is performed, and once the difference exceeds a preset safety threshold (e.g.: If this occurs, the system will immediately trigger the exception protection and shut down.

[0084] Horizontal offset: Measured in real time by at least two sets of horizontal displacement sensors 18, and the real-time horizontal offset component of the template system D is calculated by the central processing unit based on the monitoring data using the following formula: ; ; Based on these multi-dimensional real-time feedback data, the central processing unit continuously compares them with the preset target height and safety threshold, and adjusts the power output to the lifting unit 6 in real time to ensure that the template system D, under the precise guidance of the sliding wheel group C and the resistance to overturning force, can stably, safely and accurately climb up the tower column to the target height.

[0085] S5, Locking and Transition: Once the position feedback unit displays that the template system D has reached the predetermined elevation of the new segment, the intelligent lifting control unit stops its movement. At this point, the working state is immediately switched. First, the lifting system A is dismantled and hoisted away for use in the next construction cycle. Then, the anchoring system B is installed, with the guide groove 13 on the bearing block 8 and the guide pin 11 on the end plate 2 being inserted to ensure rapid and accurate alignment. Subsequently, the pre-embedded cone sleeve 9 is placed into the reserved opening in the bearing block 8, and the recovered or new pre-embedded cone sleeve 9 is placed into the reserved internal hole in the bearing block 8 within the wall of the already poured tower column segment F.

[0086] Subsequently, the second bolt group 10 is passed sequentially through the through holes on end plate 2 and precisely screwed into the threads of the pre-embedded tapered sleeve 9 already installed inside the bearing block 8. By applying the specified pre-tightening torque to the second bolt group 10 using a calibrated torque wrench, a rigid connection between the entire template system D and the tower column body is achieved, thus securing the template system D firmly.

[0087] S6. Segmental construction and formwork removal: After the formwork system D is securely locked, a new construction working surface for the tower segment is formed inside it. Subsequent rebar tying, concrete pouring, and vibration operations are carried out within this space. Typically, after the concrete has been poured and cured for 24 hours, and once the concrete reaches the predetermined demolding strength (e.g., a compressive strength of 5-10 MPa, the specific value is determined according to design requirements), the formwork can be removed.

[0088] S7. Anchoring Recycling and Reuse: After demolding, to achieve resource recycling and ensure the integrity of the tower structure, at the start of the next construction cycle in step S2, construction workers will use special tools to unscrew the pre-embedded cone sleeve 9 of the anchoring system B on the poured tower segment F from inside the bearing block 8 for recycling. The holes left on the concrete surface and the grooves left in the bearing block 8 will be sealed and smoothed with repair mortar to ensure the final appearance quality and durability of the tower. After completing these finishing works, steps S1 to S7 can be repeated to begin construction of the next tower segment, and this cycle continues until the entire tower reaches the designed height.

[0089] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A construction structure for a bridge steel-concrete composite tower column formwork system, characterized in that, include: A connecting unit, the connecting unit comprising an I-beam and an end plate, wherein at least one guide pin is fixedly connected to one end of the end plate; A steel frame structure serves as the permanent internal steel structure of the tower columns; Template system, used to form the outer contour of tower column segments; A set of sliding wheels attached to the bottom of the template system; A lifting system and an anchoring system, both of which are detachably mounted on the connecting unit; in: The lifting system is used to provide power for the vertical movement of the template system. The lifting system includes a multimodal sensing unit and an intelligent lifting control unit. The multimodal sensing unit is used to monitor the dynamic load and horizontal offset of the template system in real time during the lifting process. The intelligent lifting control unit is electrically connected to the multimodal sensing unit and is used to perform closed-loop control of the operation of the lifting system based on the monitoring data. The anchoring system is installed on the connecting unit after the lifting system is removed, and is used to lock the template system in place.

2. The construction structure of a bridge steel-concrete composite tower column formwork system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting system includes: A temporary workbench, comprising two I-beams and an end plate, wherein the two I-beams are welded to the end plate. The lifting unit is installed on the temporary operating platform; Steel strands are used to connect the lifting unit and the template system; At least one guide hole is provided on the outer surface of the second end plate, and the guide hole is engaged with a guide pin. The first group of bolts is used to detachably fasten the second end plate to the first end plate.

3. The construction structure of a bridge steel-concrete composite tower column formwork system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchoring system includes: Pressure-bearing block; Multiple pre-embedded cone sleeves, wherein the pre-embedded cone sleeves are pre-embedded in the cast-in-place tower column segments; The second group of bolts is used to pass through the bearing block and the end plate and to be threadedly connected to the pre-embedded tapered sleeve to achieve locking; At least one guide groove is provided on the outer surface of the pressure block near the end plate, and the guide groove is engaged with the guide pin.

4. The construction structure of a bridge steel-concrete composite tower column formwork system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multimodal sensing unit includes: A fixed housing is installed between two I-beams; A ring-shaped pressure sensor is installed at the bottom inner part of a fixed housing for real-time monitoring of dynamic loads. A spherical groove base is disposed on top of the annular pressure sensor; A vertical reference guide ball, the bottom of which is housed within the spherical groove base and serves as a gravity reference; At least two sets of horizontal displacement sensors are provided, both of which are disposed on the inner wall of the fixed housing and aligned with the vertical reference guide ball, for real-time monitoring of horizontal offset.

5. The construction structure of a bridge steel-concrete composite tower column formwork system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fixed housing, the annular pressure sensor, the spherical groove base, and the vertical reference guide ball are all provided with a central through hole; the central through hole is used for threading steel strands.

6. The construction structure of a bridge steel-concrete composite tower column formwork system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The intelligent lifting control unit includes: The position feedback unit measures the travel distance of the lifting unit to calculate the real-time vertical height of the template system. The central processing unit, based on preset control logic, performs comprehensive calculations on the real-time vertical height data generated by the position feedback unit and the dynamic load and horizontal offset data generated by the multimodal sensing unit, and generates control commands. A drive control unit is used to convert the control commands generated by the central processing unit into power output to the lifting unit.

7. The construction structure of a bridge steel-concrete composite tower column formwork system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The central processing unit is configured to calculate the real-time horizontal offset component of the template system based on the readings of the paired horizontal displacement sensors in the X and Y axes using the following formula. and : ； ； in: for Real-time horizontal offset along the X-axis; for Real-time horizontal offset along the Y-axis; for Real-time readings from a horizontal displacement sensor positioned along the positive X-axis; for Real-time readings from a horizontal displacement sensor positioned along the negative X-axis; for Real-time readings from a horizontal displacement sensor positioned along the positive Y-axis; for Real-time readings from a horizontal displacement sensor positioned along the negative Y-axis.

8. The construction structure of a bridge steel-concrete composite tower column formwork system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The central processing unit is also configured to perform payload self-learning and anomaly detection functions, wherein: At the start of the lifting operation, the initial load measured by the annular pressure sensor is recorded as the reference weight. ; During the lifting process, the real-time load is continuously monitored. And when the conditions are met When the value exceeds the preset safety threshold, the anomaly protection is triggered.

9. The construction structure of a bridge steel-concrete composite tower column formwork system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The central processing unit is also configured to perform a prestress balancing soft start. Before the lifting operation is accelerated, the central processing unit controls the drive control unit to smoothly increase the tension applied by the lifting system to the template system until the real-time load monitored by the annular pressure sensor is equal to the pre-recorded reference weight.

10. A construction method for a bridge steel-concrete composite tower column formwork system, applied to a bridge steel-concrete composite tower column formwork system construction structure as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Segment Preparation: The steel frame structure is hoisted to the tower column segment to be constructed, and the steel frame structure is connected and fixed to the reserved steel and reinforcing bars of the already poured tower column segment; S2. System Installation and Connection: The lifting system is detachably installed on the connecting unit and connected to the template system via the steel strand; S3, Unlock: Remove the anchoring system used to fix the previous tower section, so that the formwork system is in a state ready for lifting; S4, Intelligent Upgrade: The intelligent lifting control unit is activated and the following sub-steps are executed automatically: S41 Load self-learning: Before lifting, the initial load measured by the annular pressure sensor is recorded as the reference weight; S42 Prestress Balance Soft Start: Controls the drive control unit to smoothly increase the tension on the template system until the real-time load monitored by the annular pressure sensor is balanced with the reference weight; S43 Closed-loop control lifting: Based on the dynamic load and horizontal offset monitored in real time by the multimodal sensing unit and the real-time vertical height obtained by the position feedback unit, closed-loop control is performed to drive the lifting unit to lift the template system through the steel strand. Under the guidance and support of the sliding wheel group, the template system is made to climb along the tower column to the target height. S5, Locking and Transition: After the template system is lifted into place, the lifting system is removed, and then the anchoring system is installed to securely lock the template system in place. S6. Segmental construction and formwork removal: Concrete pouring and curing of the new tower segment is carried out, and formwork is removed after the concrete reaches the predetermined strength. S7. Anchoring Recycling and Reuse: After demolding is completed, the embedded cone sleeve pre-embedded in the poured concrete is unscrewed and recycled, and the remaining holes and slots are repaired; then steps S1 to S7 are repeated to carry out the construction of subsequent tower column segments until the tower column reaches the design height.

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