Composite waterproof drainage roof system for tree and shrub planting and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite waterproof drainage roof system for tree and shrub planting, which comprises a composite waterproof layer, an isolation protection layer, a composite drainage water storage layer and a planting soil layer which are sequentially distributed from bottom to top, the composite waterproof layer comprises a polyester base II type SBS modified asphalt waterproof coiled material and a copper composite base SBS modified asphalt root puncture resistant waterproof coiled material which is fully adhered to the polyester base II type SBS modified asphalt waterproof coiled material in a hot melting manner; the composite drainage water storage layer comprises a salient point type drainage plate with upward salient points and composite geotechnical cloth thermally bonded on the salient point type drainage plate. The beneficial effects are that through material compatibility and structural optimization design, the durable and reliable waterproof and root-resistant effect is realized by utilizing physical root resistance, the efficient smoothness and blockage prevention of a drainage channel are ensured, the water storage and soil moisture conservation functions are realized by utilizing the geomembrane, the long-term safety and stability of a roof in heavy load, deep root and humid environments are obviously improved, and the service life of the roof is prolonged. The roof is particularly suitable for bearing planting roofs of arbors and shrubs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of interdisciplinary technology of architecture and landscaping, specifically to a composite waterproof and drainage roofing system and construction method for planting trees and shrubs. Background Technology

[0002] As urban greening progresses, green roof technology is becoming increasingly popular. However, when applying traditional green roof systems to deep-rooted plants such as trees and shrubs, several serious challenges remain.

[0003] In terms of waterproofing, existing technologies mostly rely on a single waterproofing layer or materials with weak root-blocking properties. Ordinary waterproofing membranes cannot withstand the penetration of strong plant roots in the long term, easily leading to roof leaks and high subsequent repair costs. Some membranes using chemical root inhibitors may have limited effectiveness or potential environmental risks because the root-blocking components decay over time. Regarding drainage systems, traditional drainage materials such as pebbles and expanded clay are heavy and easily affected by soil accumulation, leading to decreased drainage function. Water accumulation on the roof increases the structural load and can even cause plant root rot. Some plastic drainage boards do not bond tightly enough to the filter layer, and geotextiles can easily clog drainage channels or shift, thus affecting the overall drainage effect. Furthermore, the system integration and durability are also insufficient. The material compatibility between waterproofing, insulation, drainage, and filtration functional layers is poor, and construction interfaces are complex, easily creating weak points in the structure. The entire system lacks the ability to cope with long-term heavy loads, root invasion, and humid environments, making it difficult to guarantee overall durability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a composite waterproof and drainage roof system and construction method for planting trees and shrubs, which integrates high-performance waterproofing, long-lasting root inhibition and efficient anti-clogging drainage. It aims to solve the problems of existing planting roofs, especially when used for deep-rooted plants such as trees and shrubs, where the waterproof layer is easily punctured by plant roots, the drainage system is easily blocked, and the long-term reliability is insufficient.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A composite waterproof and drainage roofing system for planting trees and shrubs includes, from bottom to top, a composite waterproof layer, an isolation and protective layer, a composite drainage and water storage layer, and a planting soil layer. The composite waterproof layer includes: a polyester-based type II SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane at the bottom and a copper-based SBS modified bitumen root-penetration resistant waterproof membrane hot-melt bonded to the polyester-based type II SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane. The composite drainage and water storage layer includes: a raised-dot drainage board at the bottom and a composite geotextile hot-bonded to the raised-dot drainage board, with the raised dots of the raised-dot drainage board facing upwards.

[0006] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can be further improved as follows.

[0007] Furthermore, the thickness of the polyester-based Type II SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane is 3mm to 5mm, and the thickness of the copper composite-based SBS modified bitumen root-penetration resistant waterproof membrane is 3mm to 5mm.

[0008] Furthermore, the thickness of the polyester-based Type II SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane is 4mm, and the thickness of the copper-based SBS modified bitumen root-penetration resistant waterproof membrane is 4mm.

[0009] Furthermore, the composite geotextile includes: a geotextile in the lower layer and a geomembrane composited on the geotextile.

[0010] Furthermore, the geotextile is a polyester / polypropylene fiber geotextile, and the geomembrane is a polyethylene / polyvinyl chloride geomembrane.

[0011] Furthermore, the dotted drainage board is a 15mm to 20mm thick HDPE dotted drainage board, and the composite geotextile has a thickness of 0.8mm to 1mm.

[0012] Furthermore, the dotted drainage board is a 20mm thick HDPE dotted drainage board, and the composite geotextile is 1mm thick.

[0013] Furthermore, the protective isolation layer includes: a polyester nonwoven fabric laid flat on the composite waterproof layer as an isolation layer; the polyester nonwoven fabric has a thickness of 0.2mm to 0.5mm and a density of ≥200g / m³. 2 C20 fine aggregate waterproof concrete is poured on the isolation layer as a protective layer, with a thickness of 40mm to 80mm.

[0014] Furthermore, the protective isolation layer includes: a polyester nonwoven fabric laid flat on the composite waterproof layer as an isolation layer; the polyester nonwoven fabric has a thickness of 0.3 mm and a density ≥ 200 g / m³. 2 C20 fine stone waterproof concrete is poured on the isolation layer as a protective layer, and the thickness of the protective layer is 40mm.

[0015] Furthermore, the protective layer is reinforced with a φ4@150 bidirectional single-layer steel mesh, and 10mm to 20mm wide expansion joints are set in the plane of the protective layer at intervals ≤4000mm, with silicone sealant filling the joints.

[0016] Furthermore, the protective layer is reinforced with a φ4@150 bidirectional single-layer steel mesh, and 15mm wide expansion joints are set in the plane of the protective layer at intervals ≤4000mm, with silicone sealant filling the joints.

[0017] Furthermore, the composite waterproof layer consists of, from bottom to top, a structural layer, a treatment layer, an insulation layer, a slope-forming layer, and a leveling layer. The structural layer is a cast-in-place reinforced concrete roof slab. The treatment layer includes a high-strength polymer cement mortar layer at the bottom and a cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproofing material layer on top of the high-strength polymer cement mortar layer, with the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproofing material layer extending upwards along the surrounding walls. The insulation layer uses 90mm-110mm thick extruded polystyrene board with a compressive strength of not less than 250kPa. The slope-forming layer is cast using LC5.0 lightweight aggregate concrete, with a minimum thickness of 15mm-30mm. The leveling layer is a 10mm-25mm thick 1:2.5 cement mortar leveling layer, with 5mm-20mm wide expansion joints spaced ≤6m in both longitudinal and transverse directions, and the joints are filled with sealant.

[0018] Furthermore, the thickness of the extruded polystyrene board is 100mm, and the thickness of the 1:2.5 cement mortar leveling layer is 20mm.

[0019] Furthermore, the thickness of the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproofing material layer is 0.5mm to 1.5mm, and it extends 300 to 500mm up the surrounding wall; the slope-forming layer is sloped at 2% towards the drainage outlet.

[0020] Furthermore, the thickness of the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproofing material layer is 1mm, and it extends 300mm up the surrounding wall; the slope-forming layer slopes towards the drainage outlet at a 2% angle.

[0021] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention also provides a construction method for a composite waterproof and drainage roof for planting trees and shrubs, for constructing the above-mentioned composite waterproof and drainage roof system for planting trees and shrubs, comprising the following steps: S1, Structural Layer: Thoroughly clean the reinforced concrete cast-in-place roof slab that serves as the structural layer; S2, Treatment layer: First, repair and smooth the structural layer with high-strength polymer cement mortar, then brush or dry-spread a 0.5mm to 1.5mm thick cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material. This material can penetrate into the concrete to crystallize and block the pores, forming an active rigid waterproof layer, and extending up 300mm to 500mm along the surrounding wall. S3, Insulation layer: A 90mm to 110mm thick extruded polystyrene board is laid on the treatment layer as an insulation layer; S4. Slope-finding layer: LC5.0 lightweight aggregate concrete is poured on the insulation layer, with a minimum thickness of 15mm to 30mm. S5. Leveling layer: A 10mm-25mm thick 1:2.5 cement mortar is constructed on the slope layer as a leveling layer. The leveling layer is equipped with 5mm-20mm wide expansion joints with a longitudinal and transverse spacing of ≤6m, and the joints are filled with sealant. S6. Composite Waterproofing Layer: A 3mm-5mm thick polyester-based Type II SBS modified bitumen waterproofing membrane is hot-melted and fully bonded onto the leveling layer as the lower main waterproofing layer. Then, a 3mm-5mm thick copper-composite-based SBS modified bitumen root-penetration resistant waterproofing membrane is hot-melted and fully bonded onto the polyester-based Type II SBS modified bitumen waterproofing membrane as the upper root-penetration resistant layer. The hot-melt construction allows the bitumen mastic of the two membranes to fuse together, forming a seamless integral composite waterproofing layer. S7. Isolation and protective layer: First, lay a 0.2mm to 0.5mm thick layer with a density ≥200g / m² on the composite waterproof layer. 2 Polyester non-woven fabric is used as the isolation layer, and then 40mm to 80mm thick C20 fine stone waterproof concrete is poured on the isolation layer as the protective layer, with φ4@150 bidirectional single-layer steel mesh inside. 10mm to 20mm wide expansion joints are set in the plane of the protective layer at a spacing of ≤4000mm, and the joints are filled with silicone sealant. S8. Composite drainage and water storage layer: First, lay a 15mm to 20mm thick HDPE dotted drainage board as the lower drainage layer on the isolation and protection layer, with the dots facing upwards to form an efficient drainage channel. Then, heat-bond a composite geotextile as the upper filter layer on the dots of the HDPE dotted drainage board. The thickness of the composite geotextile is 0.8mm to 1mm.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention's waterproofing system adheres to the design concept of "combining rigidity and flexibility, providing dual protection." The structural layer is a reinforced concrete cast-in-place roof slab, with a cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproofing material forming the first rigid waterproofing layer. The core composite waterproofing layer consists of a lower layer of polyester-reinforced Type II SBS modified bitumen waterproofing membrane as the main waterproofing layer, and an upper layer of copper-composite-reinforced SBS modified bitumen root-penetration resistant waterproofing membrane as the root-penetration resistant layer. These layers are combined using a hot-melt method. The innovation of this structure lies in two aspects: First, physical root barrier. The upper membrane uses copper-composite-reinforced SBS modified bitumen root-penetration resistant waterproofing membrane, leveraging the physical root-barrier effect of copper ions to achieve a durable and reliable waterproofing and root-resistant effect. Its durability and reliability are significantly superior to chemical root-barrier agents. Second, perfect composite. Since both the upper and lower layers are made of SBS modified bitumen, and molecular-level fusion is achieved through hot-melt construction, resulting in a seamless composite, a seamless, complete, and high-strength overall waterproofing layer. This constitutes a multi-layered, highly reliable, and long-lasting waterproofing system, thereby completely eliminating the risk of water seepage between layers. The drainage system of this invention innovatively integrates drainage, water storage, filtration and anti-clogging functions into one unit. Its structure consists of a lower layer of HDPE dotted drainage board and an upper layer of composite geotextile, prefabricated by thermal bonding. The innovation of this system is mainly reflected in three aspects: First, the dotted design of the HDPE dotted drainage board forms a stable drainage cavity, and its upper and lower cross ribs can effectively prevent the upper composite geotextile from embedding, thus ensuring efficient and unobstructed drainage channels; Second, the composite geotextile adopts a "geotextile + geomembrane" structure. The geotextile plays a role in water permeability and filtration, preventing soil particle loss, while the geomembrane in the middle forms an additional water-blocking layer. It can not only store some water for plants to use and prevent water from seeping down too quickly, but also completely avoid soil intrusion into the drainage layer and blockage caused by damage to the filter layer. The geomembrane realizes the shallow water storage function of the roof, playing a role in water conservation and humidity regulation, which cannot be achieved by traditional pebble drainage layers or single drainage boards; Finally, the entire system is prefabricated in the factory, making on-site installation simple, ensuring construction quality and improving project efficiency. This invention provides a "rigid-flexible" double-layer composite waterproof layer and a composite drainage system that combines efficient drainage, water storage, filtration, and anti-clogging functions. From the material compatibility of the waterproof membrane (both are SBS) to the thermal bonding integration of the drainage board and geotextile, the entire system has a tight bond between each layer with clear interfaces, avoiding weak links caused by material incompatibility or improper construction interface treatment. It significantly improves the long-term safety and stability of the roof under heavy loads, deep roots, and humid environments, greatly enhancing green roofs. It is especially suitable for green roofs that support trees and shrubs, ensuring the long-term safety and stability of tree and shrub green roofs. Optimized structure for tree and shrub planting: From material selection (e.g., XPS compressive strength ≥250kPa), structural design (e.g., fine stone concrete protective layer with steel mesh) to the final functional system (strong root barrier, efficient drainage), this invention is specifically optimized for the deep roots and heavy loads of trees and shrubs, solving the technical bottleneck that ordinary green roofs cannot support tall trees. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the green roof structure in this invention; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the composite waterproof layer in this invention; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the composite drainage and water storage layer in this invention.

[0024] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Structural layer; 2. Treatment layer; 3. Insulation layer; 4. Slope-finding layer; 5. Leveling layer; 6. Composite waterproof layer; 6-1. Polyester-reinforced Type II SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane; 6-2. Copper-reinforced SBS modified bitumen root-penetration resistant waterproof membrane; 7. Isolation and protection layer; 8. Composite drainage and water storage layer; 8-1. Dotted drainage board; 8-2. Composite geotextile; 8-2a. Geotextile; 8-2b. Geomembrane; 9. Planting soil layer. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1 like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, a composite waterproof and drainage roofing system for planting trees and shrubs includes: a composite waterproof layer 6, an isolation and protective layer 7, a composite drainage and water storage layer 8, and a planting soil layer 9. The composite waterproof layer 6, isolation and protective layer 7, composite drainage and water storage layer 8, and planting soil layer 9 are distributed sequentially from bottom to top. The planting soil layer 9 is used for planting plants. The composite waterproof layer 6 includes: a polyester-based Type II SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane 6-1 and a copper-based SBS modified bitumen root-penetration resistant waterproof membrane 6-2. 1 is located in the lower layer, while the copper composite-based SBS modified bitumen root-penetration resistant waterproof membrane 6-2 is located in the upper layer. The copper composite-based SBS modified bitumen root-penetration resistant waterproof membrane 6-2 is hot-melt fully bonded to the polyester-based Type II SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane 6-1. The composite drainage and water storage layer 8 includes: a convex-dot drainage board 8-1 and a composite geotextile 8-2. The convex-dot drainage board 8-1 is located in the lower layer with the convex dots facing upwards, and the composite geotextile 8-2 is located in the upper layer. The composite geotextile 8-2 is hot-bonded to the convex-dot drainage board 8-1.

[0027] Example 2 like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on embodiment 1, as detailed below: The thickness of polyester-based Type II SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane 6-1 is 3mm to 5mm, and the thickness of copper composite-based SBS modified bitumen root-penetration resistant waterproof membrane 6-2 is 3mm to 5mm.

[0028] As a preferred option, the thickness of polyester-based Type II SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane 6-1 is 4mm, and the thickness of copper composite-based SBS modified bitumen root-penetration resistant waterproof membrane 6-2 is 4mm, that is, the thickness of the composite waterproof layer 6 is 8mm.

[0029] Example 3 like Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on embodiment 1 or 2, as detailed below: The composite geotextile 8-2 includes: geotextile 8-2a and geomembrane 8-2b, with geotextile 8-2a at the bottom and geomembrane 8-2b at the top. The geomembrane 8-2b is composited on the geotextile 8-2a. The geotextile 8-2a is a polyester / polypropylene fiber geotextile, and the geomembrane 8-2b is a polyethylene / polyvinyl chloride geomembrane. The composite geotextile 8-2 is fixed to the HDPE dotted drainage board 8-1 by thermal bonding to form a stable combined structure.

[0030] Furthermore, the dotted drainage board 8-1 is a 15mm to 20mm thick HDPE dotted drainage board 8-1, and the composite geotextile 8-2 is 0.8mm to 1mm thick. As a preferred option, the dotted drainage board 8-1 is a 20mm thick HDPE dotted drainage board 8-1, and the composite geotextile 8-2 is 1mm thick.

[0031] Example 4 like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on embodiment 1, 2, or 3, as detailed below: The protective isolation layer 7 comprises: a thickness of 0.2mm to 0.5mm and a density ≥200g / m³. 2 Polyester non-woven fabric is laid flat on the composite waterproof layer 6 as an isolation layer. C20 fine stone waterproof concrete with a thickness of 40mm to 80mm is poured on the isolation layer as a protective layer. The protective layer is reinforced with φ4@150 bidirectional single-layer steel mesh. 10mm to 20mm wide expansion joints are set in the plane of the protective layer at a spacing of ≤4000mm, and the joints are filled with silicone sealant.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment, the protective layer 7 comprises: a thickness of 0.3 mm and a density ≥ 200 g / m³. 2 The polyester non-woven fabric is laid flat on the composite waterproof layer 6 as an isolation layer. A 40mm thick C20 fine stone waterproof concrete is poured on the isolation layer as a protective layer. The protective layer is reinforced with φ4@150 bidirectional single-layer steel mesh. 15mm wide expansion joints are set in the plane of the protective layer at a spacing of ≤4000mm, and the joints are filled with silicone sealant.

[0033] Example 5 like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on any one of embodiments 1 to 4, as detailed below: Below the composite waterproof layer 6, from bottom to top, are structural layer 1, treatment layer 2, insulation layer 3, slope-finding layer 4, and leveling layer 5. Structural layer 1 is a reinforced concrete cast-in-place roof slab. Treatment layer 2 includes a high-strength polymer cement mortar layer and a cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer. The high-strength polymer cement mortar layer is the lower layer, and the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer is the upper layer, i.e., the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer is on top of the high-strength polymer cement mortar layer, and the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer extends upwards along the surrounding walls. Insulation layer 3 uses 90mm-110mm thick extruded polystyrene board with a compressive strength of not less than 250kPa. Slope-finding layer 4 is cast using LC5.0 lightweight aggregate concrete, with a minimum thickness of 15mm-30mm. Leveling layer 5 is a 10mm-25mm thick 1:2.5 cement mortar leveling layer, with 5mm-20mm wide expansion joints set at longitudinal and transverse intervals ≤6m, and the joints are filled with sealant.

[0034] Furthermore, the extruded polystyrene board is 100mm thick, the slope layer 4 is made of LC5.0 lightweight aggregate concrete, and the thinnest part is 30mm thick; the leveling layer 5 is a 20mm thick 1:2.5 cement mortar leveling layer.

[0035] The thickness of the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproofing material layer is 0.5mm to 1.5mm, and it extends up 300mm to 500mm along the surrounding wall; the slope layer 4 slopes towards the drainage outlet at a 2% angle.

[0036] As a preferred option, the thickness of the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproofing material layer is 1mm, and it extends 300mm up the surrounding wall; the slope layer 4 is sloped at 2% towards the drainage outlet.

[0037] Example 6 A method for constructing a composite waterproof and drainage roof for planting trees and shrubs, used to construct the composite waterproof and drainage roof system for planting trees and shrubs as described in Example 5, includes the following steps: S1, Structural Layer 1: Thoroughly clean the reinforced concrete cast-in-place roof slab that serves as Structural Layer 1. During construction, it is required to tamp and smooth the surface to ensure its density and surface flatness, as it forms the foundation of the entire system. S2, Treatment Layer 2: First, repair and smooth the structural layer 1 with high-strength polymer cement mortar, then brush or dry-spread a 0.5mm to 1.5mm thick cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material. This material can penetrate into the concrete to crystallize and block the pores, forming an active rigid waterproof layer, and extending up 300mm to 500mm along the surrounding wall. S3, Insulation layer 3: A 90mm to 110mm thick extruded polystyrene board (XPS) is laid on the treatment layer 2 as the insulation layer 3, with a compressive strength of not less than 250kPa, to ensure that it will not be compressed and deformed under the load of planting soil and plants. S4, Slope Finding Layer 4: Pour LC5.0 lightweight aggregate concrete on the insulation layer 3, and slope it towards the drainage outlet at a 2% gradient. The thickness at the thinnest point is 15mm to 30mm. S5, Leveling layer 5: A 10mm to 25mm thick 1:2.5 cement mortar is constructed on the slope layer 4 as the leveling layer 5, providing a flat and solid base surface for the composite waterproof layer 6. The leveling layer 5 is equipped with 5mm to 20mm wide expansion joints with a longitudinal and transverse spacing of ≤6m. The joints are filled with sealant to accommodate temperature deformation. S6, Composite Waterproof Layer 6: This is the key layer. First, a 3mm-5mm thick polyester-based Type II SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane 6-1 is hot-melted and fully bonded on the leveling layer 5 as the lower main waterproof layer. Then, a 3mm-5mm thick copper composite-based SBS modified bitumen root-penetration resistant waterproof membrane 6-2 is hot-melted and fully bonded on the polyester-based Type II SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane 6-1 as the upper root-penetration resistant layer. The hot-melt construction allows the bitumen mastic of the two membranes to fuse together, forming a seamless integral composite waterproof layer 6. S7, Isolation and Protective Layer 7: First, lay a 0.2mm to 0.5mm thick layer with a density ≥200g / m² on the composite waterproof layer 6. 2 Polyester non-woven fabric is used as an isolation layer to prevent the concrete protective layer from bonding too tightly with the composite waterproof layer 6. Then, a 40mm to 80mm thick C20 fine stone waterproof concrete is poured on the isolation layer as a protective layer, with φ4@150 bidirectional single-layer steel mesh inside to resist cracking. 10mm to 20mm wide expansion joints are set in the plane of the protective layer at a spacing of ≤4000mm, and the joints are filled with silicone sealant. S8, Composite Drainage and Water Storage Layer 8: First, a 15mm-20mm thick HDPE dotted drainage board 8-1 is laid on the isolation and protection layer 7 as the lower drainage layer, with the dots facing upwards to form an efficient drainage channel. Then, a composite geotextile 8-2 as the upper filter layer is thermally bonded to the dots of the HDPE dotted drainage board 8-1. The thickness of the composite geotextile 8-2 is 0.8mm-1mm. The composite geotextile 8-2 includes: geotextile 8-2a and geomembrane 8-2b. Geotextile 8-2a is in the lower layer, and geomembrane 8-2b is in the upper layer. The geomembrane 8-2b is composite on the geotextile 8-2a. Geotextile 8-2a is a polyester / polypropylene fiber geotextile, and geomembrane 8-2b is a polyethylene / polyvinyl chloride geomembrane. The composite geotextile 8-2 and the HDPE dotted drainage board 8-1 are fixed by thermal bonding to form a stable combined structure. S9, Planting Soil Layer 9: Based on the design requirements and the root system characteristics of the trees and shrubs to be planted, lay planting soil of appropriate thickness on the composite drainage and water storage layer 8, and complete the planting.

[0038] Example: To verify the superiority of the present invention, the following comparative experiment was conducted, and the experiment settings were as follows: Experimental group: A green roof sample constructed using all the technical solutions described in this invention; Control group: Traditional solution: 4mm thick SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane (containing chemical root inhibitor) + pebble drainage layer + ordinary non-woven geotextile; Both groups of sample plots were planted with the same variety and quantity of deep-rooted shrubs (such as osmanthus) and small trees (such as red maple), with a soil layer thickness of 800 mm. The experimental period was 3 to 5 years, simulating natural rainfall and drought cycles.

[0039] Analysis of experimental results:

[0040] As demonstrated by the examples, the green roof system of the present invention is significantly superior to traditional solutions in terms of root resistance, long-term drainage, water conservation and moisture retention, and system durability.

[0041] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite waterproof and drainage roofing system for planting trees and shrubs, characterized in that, include: The composite waterproof layer (6), the isolation and protection layer (7), the composite drainage and water storage layer (8), and the planting soil layer (9) are distributed sequentially from bottom to top. The composite waterproof layer (6) includes: a polyester-based type II SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane (6-1) at the bottom and a copper composite-based SBS modified bitumen root-penetration resistant waterproof membrane (6-2) that is hot-melt bonded to the polyester-based type II SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane (6-1). The composite drainage and water storage layer (8) includes: a raised-dot drainage board (8-1) at the bottom and a composite geotextile (8-2) that is hot-bonded to the raised-dot drainage board (8-1). The raised dots of the raised-dot drainage board (8-1) face upward.

2. The composite waterproof and drainage roofing system for planting trees and shrubs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the polyester-based Type II SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane (6-1) is 3mm to 5mm, and the thickness of the copper composite-based SBS modified bitumen root-penetration resistant waterproof membrane (6-2) is 3mm to 5mm.

3. A composite waterproof and drainage roofing system for planting trees and shrubs according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The composite geotextile (8-2) includes: a lower geotextile (8-2a) and a geomembrane (8-2b) composited on the geotextile (8-2a).

4. A composite waterproof and drainage roofing system for planting trees and shrubs according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The geotextile (8-2a) is a polyester / polypropylene fiber geotextile, and the geomembrane (8-2b) is a polyethylene / polyvinyl chloride geomembrane.

5. A composite waterproof and drainage roofing system for planting trees and shrubs according to claim 3, characterized in that, The dotted drainage board (8-1) is a 15mm to 20mm thick HDPE dotted drainage board (8-1), and the composite geotextile (8-2) has a thickness of 0.8mm to 1mm.

6. A composite waterproof and drainage roofing system for planting trees and shrubs according to claim 5, characterized in that, The isolation and protective layer (7) comprises: a polyester nonwoven fabric laid flat on the composite waterproof layer (6) as an isolation layer; the polyester nonwoven fabric has a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm and a density of ≥200 g / m³. 2 C20 fine stone waterproof concrete is poured on the isolation layer as a protective layer, and the thickness of the protective layer is 40mm to 80mm.

7. A composite waterproof and drainage roofing system for planting trees and shrubs according to claim 6, characterized in that, The protective layer is reinforced with a φ4@150 bidirectional single-layer steel mesh. 10mm to 20mm wide expansion joints are set in the plane of the protective layer at intervals ≤4000mm, and the joints are filled with silicone sealant.

8. A composite waterproof and drainage roofing system for planting trees and shrubs according to claim 7, characterized in that, The composite waterproof layer (6) consists of a structural layer (1), a treatment layer (2), an insulation layer (3), a slope-finding layer (4), and a leveling layer (5) from bottom to top. The structural layer (1) is a cast-in-place reinforced concrete roof slab. The treatment layer (2) includes a high-strength polymer cement mortar layer at the bottom and a cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer on top of the high-strength polymer cement mortar layer. The cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer extends upward along the surrounding walls. The insulation layer (3) is made of 90mm to 110mm thick extruded polystyrene board with a compressive strength of not less than 250kPa. The slope-finding layer (4) is made of LC5.0 lightweight aggregate concrete with a minimum thickness of 15mm to 30mm. The leveling layer (5) is a 10mm to 25mm thick 1:2.5 cement mortar leveling layer with 5mm to 20mm wide expansion joints set at longitudinal and transverse spacing ≤6m, and the joints are filled with sealant.

9. A composite waterproof and drainage roofing system for planting trees and shrubs according to claim 8, characterized in that, The thickness of the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer is 0.5mm to 1.5mm, and it extends 300mm to 500mm up the surrounding wall; the slope layer (4) is sloped towards the drainage outlet at a 2% gradient.

10. A construction method for a composite waterproof and drainage roof for planting trees and shrubs, characterized in that, The construction of the composite waterproof and drainage roofing system for planting trees and shrubs as described in claim 9 includes the following steps: S1, Structural layer (1): Thoroughly clean the reinforced concrete cast-in-place roof slab that serves as structural layer (1); S2, Treatment layer (2): First, use high-strength polymer cement mortar to repair and smooth the structural layer (1), then brush or dry-sprinkle 0.5mm~1.5mm thick cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material. This material can penetrate into the concrete to crystallize and block the pores, forming an active rigid waterproof layer, and extending up 300mm~500mm along the surrounding wall. S3, Insulation layer (3): A 90mm to 110mm thick extruded polystyrene board is laid on the treatment layer (2) as an insulation layer (3); S4, Slope layer (4): LC5.0 lightweight aggregate concrete is poured on the insulation layer (3), with the thinnest part being 15mm to 30mm thick; S5, Leveling layer (5): 10mm to 25mm thick 1:2.5 cement mortar is constructed on the slope layer (4) as the leveling layer (5). The leveling layer (5) is set with 5mm to 20mm wide partition joints with a longitudinal and transverse spacing of ≤6m. The joints are filled with sealant. S6, Composite Waterproof Layer (6): A 3mm-5mm thick polyester-based Type II SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane (6-1) is hot-melted and fully bonded on the leveling layer (5) as the lower main waterproof layer. Then, a 3mm-5mm thick copper composite-based SBS modified bitumen root-penetration resistant waterproof membrane (6-2) is hot-melted and fully bonded on the polyester-based Type II SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane (6-1) as the upper root-penetration resistant layer. The hot-melt construction makes the bitumen mastic of the two membranes fuse together to form a seamless integral composite waterproof layer (6). S7, Isolation and protective layer (7): First, lay a 0.2mm to 0.5mm thick layer with a density ≥200g / m² on the composite waterproof layer (6). 2 Polyester non-woven fabric is used as the isolation layer, and then 40mm to 80mm thick C20 fine stone waterproof concrete is poured on the isolation layer as the protective layer, with φ4@150 bidirectional single-layer steel mesh inside. 10mm to 20mm wide expansion joints are set in the plane of the protective layer at a spacing of ≤4000mm, and the joints are filled with silicone sealant. S8, Composite drainage and water storage layer (8): First, lay a 15mm to 20mm thick HDPE convex drainage board (8-1) as the lower drainage layer on the isolation and protection layer (7), with the convex points facing upwards to form an efficient drainage channel. Then, heat-bond a composite geotextile (8-2) as the upper filter layer on the convex points of the HDPE convex drainage board (8-1). The thickness of the composite geotextile (8-2) is 0.8mm to 1mm. S9. Planting soil layer (9): According to the design requirements and the root system characteristics of the trees and shrubs to be planted, a planting soil of appropriate thickness is laid on the composite drainage and water storage layer (8), and the planting is completed.

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