Intelligent cold storage and intelligent control method

Abstract

This invention discloses an intelligent cold storage facility and its intelligent control method, belonging to the fields of cold chain logistics and new energy application technology. The method includes: S1, setting up a photovoltaic direct-drive modular cold storage facility and a hollow-channel phase-change self-locking node; S2, constructing independent internal and external circulation air duct loops; S3, using direct current generated by photovoltaic panels to directly drive the fan, and physically adjusting the opening and closing state of the thermally sensitive louvers according to the node temperature; S4, in cases of insufficient sunlight or nighttime operation, executing a passive adaptive energy release mode, automatically closing the thermally sensitive louvers to cut off the external circulation air duct loop as the output voltage decreases, and using the hollow-channel phase-change self-locking node to release the latent heat of phase change to form an active cold shielding layer, maintaining a constant temperature inside the cold storage. This solution forcibly maintains the boundary temperature at the phase-change freezing temperature, effectively cutting off the input of external high-temperature heat into the cold storage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of cold chain logistics and new energy applications, specifically to an intelligent cold storage facility and an intelligent control method. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of distributed cold chain warehouses, traditional modular cold storage facilities mainly rely on external power grids for electricity and use compressors to circulate refrigeration to maintain the internal temperature. However, such cold storage facilities face the following problems in practical applications:

[0003] The panels of prefabricated cold storage units are highly susceptible to thermal bridging at the seams. Because the connectors often lack thermal insulation, external heat continuously penetrates the interior through these seams, causing localized temperature increases, increasing energy consumption, and affecting the preservation quality of goods. When using renewable energy sources like photovoltaics to directly power cold storage, there is a technical bottleneck of extremely unstable energy supply. Real-time fluctuations in sunlight intensity can cause significant voltage jumps in output; traditional control systems, lacking effective energy buffering and load matching mechanisms, are prone to frequent compressor start-stops or motor stalling and damage. Existing cold storage systems often rely entirely on chemical batteries for energy storage under energy-scarce conditions, such as at night or on rainy days. This not only increases construction costs but also results in limited lifespan of chemical batteries in alternating high and low temperature environments, leading to high maintenance costs. This situation makes it difficult to balance energy efficiency and temperature fluctuation control stability when cold storage is disconnected from the power grid.

[0004] The information disclosed in the background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent cold storage facility and an intelligent control method to solve the problems mentioned in the background section. Specifically, the technical solution of this invention includes:

[0006] A control method for an intelligent cold storage facility includes:

[0007] S1. A photovoltaic direct-drive modular assembly cold storage and a hollow flow channel phase change self-locking node are set up. The hollow flow channel phase change self-locking node is a hollow cavity structure filled with phase change material. The cold storage body plate of the photovoltaic direct-drive modular assembly cold storage is provided with a micro air duct. The hollow flow channel phase change self-locking node is equipped with a thermal louver.

[0008] S2. Connect the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node to the tank body plate, so that the micro air duct is connected to the internal cavity of the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node, and construct an independent internal circulation air duct circuit and an external circulation air duct circuit. The internal circulation air duct circuit is used to maintain the temperature inside the tank, and the external circulation air duct circuit is used to store cold for the phase change material.

[0009] S3. Start operation, monitor the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel and the node temperature of the hollow flow channel phase change self-locking node in real time, perform antagonistic balance control between photovoltaic voltage and fan speed, use the DC power generated by the photovoltaic panel to directly drive the fan, and physically adjust the opening and closing state of the thermal louvers according to the node temperature.

[0010] S4. In the case of insufficient light or nighttime operation, the passive adaptive energy release mode is executed. As the output voltage decreases, the thermal louver is automatically closed to cut off the external circulation air duct circuit. The hollow flow channel phase change self-locking node is used to release the latent heat of phase change to form an active cold shielding layer to maintain a constant temperature inside the warehouse.

[0011] Preferably, step S3 includes:

[0012] S3.1 Obtain the real-time node temperature at the hollow flow channel phase change self-locking node. When the real-time node temperature is higher than the phase change freezing temperature of the phase change material, it is determined that cold storage is required.

[0013] S3.2 When it is determined that cold storage is required and the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel is higher than the preset driving threshold, the thermal louver is automatically opened by utilizing the principle of thermal expansion and contraction or the characteristics of shape memory alloy, the external circulation air duct circuit is connected, and cold air is forced to flow through the interior of the hollow flow channel phase change self-locking node to freeze the phase change material.

[0014] Preferably, in step S3, the antagonistic balance control specifically includes:

[0015] A direct coupling relationship is established between photovoltaic voltage and circulating fan speed. When the output voltage increases due to increased light intensity, the speed of the fan in the external circulating air duct loop is increased simultaneously, and excess electrical energy is preferentially converted into the cold energy storage of the phase change material. When the output voltage decreases due to decreased light intensity, the low-power operation of the internal circulating air duct loop is preferentially maintained.

[0016] Preferably, step S4 includes:

[0017] When the output voltage is lower than the minimum voltage required to maintain the operation of the external circulation fan, the thermal louvers are forcibly closed by mechanical reset force to block the external thermal bridge, and the cold energy released by the phase change material is used to maintain the temperature fluctuation within a preset range.

[0018] A smart cold storage unit includes:

[0019] A photovoltaic direct-drive modular cold storage unit includes photovoltaic power generation modules, several cold storage panels, and connectors for connecting the cold storage panels.

[0020] A hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node is set at the splicing point of the tank body plate as the connecting member. Its interior is filled with phase change material and is provided with a ventilation interface that matches the micro air duct inside the tank body plate.

[0021] Thermosensitive louvers are installed at the outer ventilation opening of the hollow flow channel phase change self-locking node to control the opening and closing of the external circulation air duct.

[0022] The control and sensing component includes a controller, a temperature sensor, and a voltage monitoring circuit. The controller is electrically connected to the photovoltaic power generation component, the temperature sensor, and a dual-loop fan system consisting of an internal circulation fan and an external circulation fan, and is used to perform logical judgments and regulate the system's operating status.

[0023] Preferably, the shell material of the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node is a high thermal conductivity metal, the phase change material is encapsulated in a capsule structure inside the shell, and a self-locking buckle structure is provided at the venting interface, so that mechanical locking and air passage opening are completed simultaneously during assembly.

[0024] Preferably, the driving element of the thermal louver is a shape memory alloy spring or a paraffin-type temperature control package. The driving element generates physical deformation according to the sensed ambient temperature or node temperature, directly driving the louver blades to open or close without the need for electrical control signals.

[0025] Preferably, the photovoltaic direct-drive modular cold storage also includes a dual-loop fan system, which includes an internal circulation fan and an external circulation fan. The controller is configured to allocate electrical energy to the internal circulation fan and the external circulation fan according to priority based on the voltage value detected by the voltage monitoring circuit.

[0026] Preferably, the edge of the tank body plate is provided with a groove for inserting the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node, the inner wall of the groove is provided with a sealing strip, and the outlet of the micro air duct is located at the bottom of the groove.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following improvements and advantages:

[0028] 1. The hollow flow channel phase change self-locking node introduced in this solution is physically connected to the micro-air duct of the cold storage plate through the self-locking buckle structure, which transforms the structural connector of the traditional cold storage into a functional heat exchange component. When external heat invades, this solution uses the solid-liquid conversion process of the phase change material to absorb a large amount of latent heat, forcibly maintaining the boundary temperature at the phase change freezing temperature, effectively cutting off the heat flow input from the external high temperature into the cold storage.

[0029] 2. By implementing antagonistic balance control between photovoltaic voltage and fan speed, the system solves the problem of unstable photovoltaic power supply. The system has a preset voltage grading strategy, which prioritizes the operation of the internal circulation fan in the low voltage range to maintain the uniform temperature inside the cold storage; and starts the external circulation cold storage in the high voltage range to realize energy distribution on demand.

[0030] 3. Thermal louvers utilize the physical properties of shape memory alloy springs or paraffin temperature control packs to achieve passive, non-electric drive. In harsh outdoor environments, there is no need for complex electronic sensors and actuators. The purely physical response mechanism avoids the risk of electronic control system failure. When insufficient light causes voltage drop or changes in ambient temperature, mechanical reset force is used to forcibly close the louvers, blocking the external air circulation duct and effectively locking in the cooling capacity within the node. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall external structure of the cold storage.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of a hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the method of the present invention.

[0035] In the diagram: 100, photovoltaic direct-drive modular cold storage; 200, hollow flow channel phase change self-locking node; 300, thermal louver; 400, controller. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0037] Example 1:

[0038] Please see Figure 1-3 This invention provides a control method for an intelligent cold storage facility, comprising:

[0039] S1. A photovoltaic direct-drive modular cold storage 100 and a hollow flow channel phase change self-locking node 200 are set up. The hollow flow channel phase change self-locking node 200 is a hollow cavity structure filled with phase change material. The inside of the cold storage panel of the photovoltaic direct-drive modular cold storage 100 is provided with a micro air duct. The hollow flow channel phase change self-locking node 200 is equipped with a thermal louver 300.

[0040] S2. Connect the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node 200 to the tank body plate, so that the micro air duct and the internal cavity of the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node 200 are connected to form an independent internal circulation air duct circuit and an external circulation air duct circuit. The internal circulation air duct circuit is used to maintain the temperature inside the tank, and the external circulation air duct circuit is used to store cold for the phase change material.

[0041] S3. Start-up and operation: Real-time monitoring of the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel and the node temperature of the hollow flow channel phase change self-locking node 200; execution of antagonistic balance control between photovoltaic voltage and fan speed; direct drive of the fan using DC power generated by the photovoltaic panel; and physical adjustment of the opening and closing state of the thermal louver 300 according to the node temperature.

[0042] S4. In the case of insufficient light or nighttime operation, the passive adaptive energy release mode is executed. As the output voltage decreases, the thermal louver 300 is automatically closed to cut off the external circulation air duct circuit. The hollow flow channel phase change self-locking node 200 is used to release the latent heat of phase change to form an active cold shielding layer to maintain a constant temperature inside the warehouse.

[0043] Among them, photovoltaic power generation modules are laid on the top of the reservoir, and connectors are located at the joints between the panels and the nodes;

[0044] In this embodiment, a control method for an intelligent cold storage addresses the problems of thermal bridging at the joints of prefabricated cold storage units and unstable photovoltaic power supply in existing technologies. In step S1, a hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node 200 is introduced. In step S2, the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node 200 acts as a connector, with its internal cavity physically connected to the micro-air ducts within the cold storage body panels. This connection structure is not a simple mechanical fixation, but rather a means to construct a gas circulation path. The internal circulation air duct loop operates inside the cold storage body, directly acting on the goods area; the external circulation air duct loop specifically flows through the node's interior. In step S3... The system determines whether the solar energy is sufficient based on the voltage of the photovoltaic panel and whether the phase change material has melted based on the node temperature. It then decides whether to introduce cold air through the thermal louvers 300 to store cold air in the node. In step S4, when the voltage drops due to the loss of sunlight, the thermal louvers 300 automatically close. At this time, the hollow flow channel phase change self-locking node 200 changes from the cold storage state to the cold release state. The frozen phase change material inside forms a low temperature barrier at the joint, blocking the intrusion of external heat. Thus, without the power to drive the compressor, the cold energy stored during the day is used to maintain the low temperature environment in the warehouse.

[0045] The steps in S3 include:

[0046] S3.1. Obtain the real-time node temperature at the hollow flow channel phase change self-locking node 200. When the real-time node temperature is higher than the phase change freezing temperature of the phase change material, it is determined that cold storage is required.

[0047] S3.2 When it is determined that cold storage is needed and the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel is higher than the preset driving threshold, the thermal louver 300 is automatically opened by utilizing the principle of thermal expansion and contraction or the characteristics of shape memory alloy, the external circulation air duct circuit is connected, and the cold air is forced to flow through the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node 200 to freeze the phase change material.

[0048] In this embodiment, step S3 mainly performs the logical judgment of cold storage conditions. In step S3.1, the real-time node temperature is obtained by a temperature sensor installed at the node location, such as a PT100 type thermal resistor. The phase change material has a fixed phase change freezing temperature point, such as -5℃. When the real-time node temperature is higher than this physical property value, in this embodiment, the phase change material uses n-tetradecane with a mass fraction of 85%-92% as the main phase change material and adds 8%-15% high-density polyethylene as the shaping support material. This indicates that the phase change material in the node is in a liquid or semi-liquid state and the cold storage capacity is insufficient. Therefore, the system determines that there is a cold storage requirement.

[0049] In step S3.2, the system simultaneously monitors the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel. Only when the voltage exceeds a preset drive threshold, such as a voltage sufficient to drive the external circulation fan at full speed, will the system activate the cooling system. This preset drive threshold is a logical criterion determined based on the rated starting voltage of the DC fan and the minimum regulated output voltage of the photovoltaic system. Its physical significance lies in ensuring that the system activates cooling only when the photovoltaic power is sufficient to overcome the static friction of the motor and the resistance of the air duct, thus preventing the fan from idling ineffectively at low power or overheating. Specific values ​​are determined by the fan specifications. This is the minimum operating voltage for the fan. The operation of the thermal louver 300 is triggered only when there is a voltage fluctuation margin. At this time, the temperature sensing element inside the thermal louver 300 is deformed by heat or force, and the blades are physically driven to open, so that external cold air or cold air after cooling is forced to flow through the inside of the node, carrying away the latent heat of the phase change material, causing it to change from liquid to solid, thus completing the physical storage of cold energy.

[0050] In step S3, antagonistic balance control specifically includes:

[0051] Establish a direct coupling relationship between photovoltaic voltage and circulating fan speed. When the light intensity increases and the output voltage rises, the speed of the fan in the external circulation duct loop is increased simultaneously, and the excess electrical energy is preferentially converted into the cold energy storage of the phase change material. When the light intensity decreases and the output voltage drops, the low-power operation of the internal circulation duct loop is preferentially maintained.

[0052] In this embodiment, the antagonistic balance control aims to resolve the contradiction between photovoltaic energy fluctuations and load demand. The system establishes a positive correlation logic between voltage and rotational speed: when sunlight is strong and the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel increases, it indicates that there is sufficient electrical energy. The controller 400, such as the Siemens S7-200 SMART series, outputs a high duty cycle PWM signal to increase the rotational speed of the external circulation fan, such as a DC brushless fan, accelerating the airflow and heat exchange within the node, and quickly charging the excess electrical energy into the phase change material in the form of cold energy. Conversely, when cloud cover or weakened sunlight causes a voltage drop, the system logic automatically reduces or cuts off the power supply to the external circulation fan, prioritizing the allocation of limited electrical energy to the internal circulation fan, maintaining low-speed operation to keep the airflow in the warehouse and prevent localized temperature rise of the goods.

[0053] By dynamically adjusting the mechanical load according to voltage fluctuations, the system achieves a dynamic balance between energy supply and demand without relying on large-capacity chemical batteries. In terms of specific circuit implementation, the controller 400 is connected to the external circulation fan via a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) speed control module, and the output terminal of the photovoltaic panel is connected in parallel with a voltage divider resistor sampling circuit.

[0054] The calculation logic for antagonistic balance control is as follows: The system presets the fan start-up voltage threshold. and full-speed voltage threshold The voltage monitoring circuit collects the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel in real time. ;when At that time, the PWM duty cycle output by controller 400 When the voltage is 0%, the fan stops to prevent motor stalling and damage due to low voltage. At that time, controller 400 calculates the duty cycle according to a linear ratio. The calculation logic is as follows:

[0055] ;

[0056] At this time, the fan speed increases linearly with the increase of voltage, consuming power. As a result, it increases, thereby inhibiting To prevent excessively rapid voltage rise, automatic voltage and load balancing is achieved through the following logic steps: Step 1, the voltage monitoring circuit samples the photovoltaic bus voltage at a frequency of 10Hz; Step 2, the controller 400 calculates the voltage change rate, if... and Then, the duty cycle is increased in real time according to the formula; Step 3, the surge in photovoltaic input power is offset by increasing the electromagnetic load power of the external circulation fan, thereby clamping the voltage of the storage bus within a safe range and realizing the peak-shaving and valley-filling conversion of electrical energy into cold energy; when At this time, the duty cycle D is locked at 100%, and the wind turbine runs at full speed. Through the above logic, the system does not need an expensive DC-DC regulator, but instead uses the wind turbine as a variable load to absorb the fluctuating output power of the photovoltaic panel.

[0057] The steps in S4 include:

[0058] When the output voltage is lower than the minimum voltage required to maintain the operation of the external circulation fan, the thermal louvers 300 are forcibly closed by mechanical reset force to block the external thermal bridge and maintain the temperature fluctuation within the preset range by utilizing the cooling energy released by the phase change material.

[0059] In this embodiment, step S4 describes the passive operation mechanism of the system at night or in extremely low light environment. When the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel drops to the point where it cannot maintain the normal operation of the external circulation fan, the thermal louver 300 loses the driving conditions for opening, such as when the ambient temperature drops or the internal heating element is de-energized. The mechanical spring inside releases elastic potential energy, pushing the blades to close physically. This action cuts off the airflow exchange between the inside of the node and the external environment, turning the hollow flow channel phase change self-locking node 200 into a closed, cold-filled insulation ring. At this time, the system only keeps the extremely low-power internal circulation fan working, driving the air inside the chamber to flow through the low-temperature inner wall of the node. The cold energy stored in the node is slowly released into the chamber space through heat conduction, thereby suppressing the temperature rise and ensuring that the temperature fluctuation is maintained within a preset range, such as ±0.5℃.

[0060] The active cold shielding layer here refers to a structure where, unlike conventional insulation materials that passively block heat transfer by relying solely on their low thermal conductivity, the phase change self-locking node in this embodiment actively absorbs a large amount of latent heat during the phase change of the phase change material, transforming it from a solid to a liquid state. This creates a constant-temperature endothermic boundary condition at the node location. As long as the phase change material has not completely melted, the temperature of this boundary will be forcibly maintained at the phase change freezing temperature, such as -5°C. This physically cuts off the heat flow from the external high-temperature environment into the storage chamber, achieving a heat shielding effect similar to active defense.

[0061] The active cooling shield is logically based on the phase change isothermal boundary model. This model characterizes that when the external ambient temperature is higher than the internal temperature, the heat conduction path from the outer wall to the inside is forcibly interrupted at the self-locking node. Since the phase change material locks the node shell temperature at the phase change freezing temperature through latent heat exchange during the melting process, the causal relationship established by this model is: as long as the proportion of solid phase change material in the node is greater than 0, the heat flow entering the chamber is only driven by the temperature difference between the internal temperature and the phase change freezing temperature, rather than by the extreme high temperature fluctuations of the external environment, thus shielding the influence of extreme high temperature fluctuations.

[0062] Example 2:

[0063] Please see Figure 1-2 A smart cold storage facility includes:

[0064] A photovoltaic direct-drive modular cold storage unit 100 includes photovoltaic power generation modules, several cold storage panels, and connectors for connecting the cold storage panels.

[0065] The hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node 200 is set as a connector at the splicing of the tank body plate. Its interior is filled with phase change material and is equipped with a ventilation interface that matches the micro air duct inside the tank body plate.

[0066] Thermosensitive louvers 300 are installed at the outer ventilation opening of the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node 200 to control the opening and closing of the external circulation air duct.

[0067] The control and sensing components include a controller 400, a temperature sensor, and a voltage monitoring circuit. The controller 400 is electrically connected to the photovoltaic power generation components, the temperature sensor, and the dual-loop fan system consisting of an internal circulation fan and an external circulation fan, and is used to perform logical judgments and regulate the system's operating status.

[0068] In this embodiment, the intelligent cold storage system integrates mechanical structure and electronic control unit. The photovoltaic direct-drive modular cold storage 100 serves as the main structure, with photovoltaic power generation modules laid on its top to provide DC power to the system. The hollow flow channel phase change self-locking node 200 not only serves as a structural component to connect and fix the cold storage body panels, but its internal phase change material also gives it energy storage properties. The design of the ventilation interface ensures that airflow can circulate between the panels and the nodes. The thermal louver 300 is located at the key intersection of airflow exchange and acts as a physical valve. The voltage monitoring circuit in the control and sensing components reads the photovoltaic voltage in real time, and the temperature sensor collects thermal data at key locations. The controller 400, which can be an industrial-grade PLC or an embedded microcontroller, outputs control commands to actuators such as fans based on these data, thereby coordinating the energy flow and temperature maintenance of the entire system.

[0069] The hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node 200 has a shell material of high thermal conductivity metal, and the phase change material is encapsulated in a capsule structure inside the shell. A self-locking buckle structure is provided at the air inlet, so that mechanical locking and air passage opening are completed simultaneously during assembly.

[0070] I. In this embodiment, the shell of the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node 200 is made of high thermal conductivity metal materials such as aluminum alloy or copper alloy. Utilizing the excellent thermal conductivity of metal, the heat exchange efficiency between the phase change material and the passing airflow is accelerated. The phase change material is not directly injected, but encapsulated in several independent capsule structures to prevent leakage and increase the heat exchange area. Specifically, the self-locking structure adopts an airtight spring wedge lock design; the male end of the vent is truncated cone-shaped, with an annular sealing ring, such as a low-temperature resistant silicone ring, fitted on its outer wall, and a limiting groove is formed on the side of the male end; the female end has a conical cavity matching the male end, and a wedge-shaped locking tongue, supported by a compressed spring, is built into the side wall of the cavity. During assembly, when the male connector is inserted into the female connector, the conical surface compresses the wedge-shaped locking tongue to retract. When the male connector is fully inserted, the sealing ring is compressed and deformed under the guidance of the conical surface, achieving air seal, i.e., air passage is open. At the same time, the wedge-shaped locking tongue pops out and locks into the limiting groove under the elastic force of the compression spring, making a clicking sound, achieving mechanical locking. This structure ensures that mechanical locking is only triggered when the sealing ring is compressed to the preset stroke Lseal, thus ensuring the synchronization of mechanical connection and airtight conduction.

[0071] The self-locking structure designed at the ventilation interface, such as an eccentric wheel locking mechanism or spring clip, allows operators to simply push the panels into the joint interface during cold storage assembly. The locking mechanism automatically engages to achieve mechanical fixation, while the internal sealing gasket is compressed, and the air duct automatically aligns and connects with the interface. This design simplifies on-site construction steps and ensures a balance between structural strength and airtightness.

[0072] The driving element of the thermal venetian blind 300 is a memory alloy spring or a paraffin-type temperature control package. The driving element generates physical deformation according to the sensed ambient temperature or node temperature, directly driving the venetian blind blades to open or close without the need for electrical control signals.

[0073] In this embodiment, the thermal louver 300 adopts a non-electrically controlled passive drive method. The drive element can specifically be a paraffin-type temperature control package, similar to the core component in an automotive thermostat or a two-way memory alloy spring. Taking the paraffin-type temperature control package as an example, when the sensed temperature rises to a set value, the paraffin expands due to heat, pushing the push rod to extend. The push rod, through a linkage mechanism, drives the louver blades to rotate and open. When the temperature decreases, the paraffin contracts, and under the action of the return spring, the blades automatically rotate and close. The paraffin-type temperature control package is fixed to the bottom of the louver frame, and its telescopic push rod is hinged to the rotating shaft of the louver blades through an L-shaped linkage mechanism.

[0074] Assuming the required push rod stroke for the blinds to be fully open is The coefficient of volume expansion of the paraffin inside the temperature control bag is α, and the effective volume of the temperature sensing bag is... When the node temperature from Rise to At that time, the volume expansion ΔV of the paraffin wax pushes the push rod to produce displacement; during the design, the cross-sectional area of ​​the push rod is matched. , making When the ambient temperature reaches At that time, the push rod overcomes the resistance of the return spring. The L-shaped connecting rod is pushed to rotate 90 degrees, causing the blades to open fully; as the temperature drops, the paraffin wax contracts, and the elastic force of the return spring... The push rod is pushed back, and the blades close; the entire process relies solely on the thermophysical properties of the materials and requires no electrical energy. This purely physical response mechanism avoids the problem of electronic components easily failing in harsh outdoor environments and achieves adaptive regulation to temperature changes.

[0075] The photovoltaic direct-drive modular cold storage 100 also includes a dual-circuit fan system, which includes an internal circulation fan and an external circulation fan. The controller 400 is configured to allocate electrical energy to the internal circulation fan and the external circulation fan according to priority based on the voltage value detected by the voltage monitoring circuit.

[0076] The priority allocation strategy is as follows: when At that time, only the internal circulation fan is turned on and the external circulation fan is running at low power to maintain the basic storage temperature; when At that time, maintain the internal circulation and turn on the external circulation fan to its rated power; when At that time, the external circulation is activated at full speed for forced cooling. This tiered scheduling based on voltage thresholds ensures that energy flows preferentially to high-value loads under unstable photovoltaic input.

[0077] In this embodiment, the dual-loop fan system includes two independent DC fans; the internal circulation fan is typically installed inside the storage chamber to ensure uniform air temperature; the external circulation fan is installed at nodes or external air duct openings to ensure forced heat exchange of the phase change material; the controller 400 has a preset voltage grading strategy: in the low voltage range, the controller 400 only activates the power supply circuit of the internal circulation fan to ensure uniform cold distribution within the storage chamber; as the voltage increases and enters the high voltage range, the controller 400 gradually increases the power supply pulse width of the external circulation fan to initiate the cold storage process. This grading control logic ensures that, under limited and fluctuating photovoltaic energy input, the system always prioritizes the core preservation function.

[0078] The edge of the tank body plate is provided with a groove for inserting the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node 200. The inner wall of the groove is provided with a sealing strip, and the outlet of the micro air duct is located at the bottom of the groove.

[0079] In this embodiment, the edge structure of the tank body panel is specially designed to fit the nodes. The size of the groove matches the insertion end of the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node 200, forming a plug-in connection. The inner wall of the groove is pre-applied with low-temperature resistant sealing strips such as EPDM rubber. When the node is inserted into the groove, the sealing strips are squeezed and deformed to fill the gap and prevent cold air leakage. The outlet of the micro-air duct is located at the deepest part of the groove, at the bottom. When the node is fully inserted and the sealing strip is pressed tightly, the outlet is directly opposite the ventilation interface on the node. Thus, while ensuring a smooth appearance and structural sealing, the connection of the air duct system is concealed, providing a physical basis for the smooth flow of air between the panel and the node. In order to balance the strength of the panel and the ventilation efficiency, the micro-air duct is not a single large cavity, but is composed of several parallel honeycomb-shaped fine tubes. Preferably, the equivalent diameter d of the thin tube is set to 5mm≤d≤8mm. This size range can ensure that the Reynolds number Re of the airflow is in the transition zone between laminar and turbulent flow to enhance heat transfer, and can also use the honeycomb structure as a reinforcing rib of the plate to prevent buckling deformation of the plate during insertion.

[0080] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A control method of an intelligent cold storage, characterized by, The application relates to a photovoltaic direct-drive modular assembly cold storage device and a hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node. S1, a photovoltaic direct-drive modular assembly cold storage device (100) and a hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node (200) are arranged, wherein the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node (200) is a hollow cavity structure filled with phase change materials, a micro air duct is arranged in the photovoltaic direct-drive modular assembly cold storage device (100), and a heat-sensitive shutter (300) is arranged on the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node (200); S2, the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node (200) is connected with the cold storage body plate in a buckling mode, the micro air duct is communicated with the internal cavity of the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node (200), and an internal circulation air duct loop and an external circulation air duct loop which are independent of each other are constructed; the internal circulation air duct loop is used for maintaining the temperature in the cold storage, and the external circulation air duct loop is used for storing cold of the phase change materials; S3, the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel and the node temperature of the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node (200) are monitored in real time, antagonistic balance control of the photovoltaic voltage and the rotating speed of the fan is performed, the fan is directly driven by the direct current generated by the photovoltaic panel, and the opening and closing state of the heat-sensitive shutter (300) is physically adjusted according to the node temperature; the antagonistic balance control specifically comprises the following steps: a direct coupling relationship between the photovoltaic voltage and the rotating speed of the circulating fan is established, when the output voltage increases due to the increase of the light intensity, the rotating speed of the fan in the external circulation air duct loop is simultaneously increased, and the excess electric energy is preferentially converted into the cold storage of the phase change materials; when the output voltage decreases due to the decrease of the light intensity, the low-power operation of the internal circulation air duct loop is preferentially maintained; S4, in the case that the light intensity is insufficient or at night, a passive self-adaptive energy release mode is performed, the heat-sensitive shutter (300) is automatically closed to cut off the external circulation air duct loop along with the decrease of the output voltage, the phase change latent heat of the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node (200) is released to form an active cold shielding layer, and the temperature in the cold storage is maintained constant.

2. The control method of an intelligent cold storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step S3 comprises the following steps: S3.1, the real-time node temperature of the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node (200) is acquired, and it is determined that the phase change materials need to be stored when the real-time node temperature is higher than the phase change freezing temperature of the phase change materials; S3.2, when it is determined that the phase change materials need to be stored and the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel is higher than a preset driving threshold value, the heat-sensitive shutter (300) is automatically opened by using the thermal expansion and cold contraction principle or the memory alloy characteristics, the external circulation air duct loop is connected, and the cold air flows through the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node (200) to freeze the phase change materials.

3. The control method of an intelligent cold storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step S4 comprises the following steps: When the output voltage is lower than the minimum voltage required for maintaining the operation of the external circulating fan, the heat-sensitive shutter (300) is forcibly closed by using a mechanical reset force, the external heat bridge is blocked, and the cold storage of the phase change materials is used to maintain the fluctuation of the temperature in the cold storage within a preset range.

4. The intelligent cold storage applied to the control method of the intelligent cold storage of any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The application relates to a photovoltaic direct-drive modular assembly cold storage device (100) which comprises a photovoltaic power generation assembly, a plurality of cold storage body plates and connecting pieces used for connecting the cold storage body plates. ​ The hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node (200) is arranged at the splicing position of the library body plate as the connecting piece, filled with phase change material inside, and provided with a ventilation interface matched with the internal micro-duct of the library body plate; The heat-sensitive louver (300) is installed at the outside ventilation port of the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node (200), used for controlling the on-off of the external circulating air duct; The control and sensing assembly includes a controller (400), a temperature sensor and a voltage monitoring circuit, the controller (400) is electrically connected with the photovoltaic power generation assembly, the temperature sensor and the double-loop fan system composed of the internal circulating fan and the external circulating fan respectively, used for performing logical judgment and regulating the system running state.

5. The intelligent cold storage room according to claim 4, characterized in that, The shell material of the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node (200) is high-thermal-conductivity metal, the phase change material is encapsulated in the capsule structure inside the shell, and the self-locking buckle structure is arranged at the ventilation interface, realizing the synchronous completion of mechanical locking and air path conduction during assembly.

6. The intelligent cold storage room according to claim 4, characterized in that, The driving element of the heat-sensitive louver (300) is a memory alloy spring or a paraffin type temperature control bag, which produces physical deformation according to the sensed ambient temperature or node temperature, directly drives the opening or closing of the louver blade, and does not need electrical control signal intervention.

7. The intelligent cold storage room according to claim 4, characterized in that, The photovoltaic direct drive type modular assembly cold storage (100) further includes a double-loop fan system, the double-loop fan system includes an internal circulating fan and an external circulating fan, and the controller (400) is configured to distribute electrical energy to the internal circulating fan and the external circulating fan according to the voltage value detected by the voltage monitoring circuit in priority.

8. The intelligent cold storage room according to claim 4, characterized in that, The edge of the library body plate is provided with a groove for inserting the hollow flow channel type phase change self-locking node (200), the inner wall of the groove is provided with a sealing rubber strip, and the outlet of the micro-duct is located at the bottom of the groove.

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