Heat exchanger and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat exchanger and a preparation method and application thereof. The heat exchanger comprises a heat exchange pipe body and a turbulent flow structure arranged on the inner wall of the heat exchange pipe body. The cross section of the turbulent flow structure comprises protrusions and grooves formed between every two adjacent protrusions. The protrusions comprise the main protrusion and the secondary protrusions, the secondary protrusions are arranged on the two sides of the main protrusion, and the main protrusion is higher than the secondary protrusions. The cross section of the turbulent flow structure is parallel to the cross section of the heat exchange tube body; the edge of the bulge is a smooth curve; the turbulent flow structure is formed by rotating the cross section of the turbulent flow structure around the rotating shaft and retaining the part in the heat exchange tube body; the rotating shaft is perpendicular to the axis of the heat exchange pipe body. The heat exchanger ensures the maximization of the heat transfer efficiency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a heat exchanger and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Heat exchangers are widely used in chemical industry, industrial manufacturing, thermal power plants, nuclear power plants, transportation and other fields, and are important heat transfer equipment. Water is mostly used as the heat transfer medium in the tube heat exchanger, and the convective heat transfer coefficient is low, which leads to a large volume and high production cost of the heat exchanger, and therefore there is a demand for further improving the convective heat transfer coefficient. The bionic heat transfer technology strengthens the fluid disturbance by imitating the structure of the body surface of organisms (such as fish scales and shark scales), and improves the heat transfer efficiency, which has been researched and applied in the field of heat exchangers.

[0003] The use of heat transfer enhancement methods can effectively improve the convective heat transfer coefficient of the fluid in the heat transfer pipe. In the existing tube heat exchanger, it is difficult to balance the relationship between flow resistance (pressure drop) and heat transfer effect when strengthening heat transfer: excessive strengthening of turbulent flow can improve heat transfer, but will lead to a significant increase in pressure drop and increased energy consumption; the disturbance form of the traditional heat transfer structure (such as ordinary fins, threaded pipes, and existing bionic fish scale structures) is single, and cannot accurately match the heat transfer and resistance requirements under different working conditions; and the processing and manufacturing of complex heat transfer structures are difficult, and the integrated processing of long pipes is limited by traditional processes (such as casting and machining), which is not conducive to flexible implementation in different lengths and scenes. The existing technology also has the following defects:

[0004] 1. The bionic structure form is fixed (the protrusions and depressions of the fish scale structure are single), and it is difficult to finely control the balance between heat transfer and pressure drop;

[0005] 2. The structure distribution method is single (mostly simple parallel or spiral, lacking diversified arrangement to adapt to different flow states, and unable to balance the heat transfer intensity and pressure drop);

[0006] 3. The long pipe body processing of complex bionic structures is limited (traditional processes are difficult to accurately form complex shapes, limiting the application range).

[0007] Although there are some developments in the field of micro-electronic components for heat exchangers in the prior art, the heat exchangers in the field of micro-electronic components cannot be directly used for large chemical equipment, and the reasons are as follows: 1. Different pressure strength requirements: large chemical equipment needs to withstand 0.5-10 MPa high pressure, so the structure needs high wall thickness (3-15 mm), high density (≥99.5%), and the bionic protrusions need to resist fluid scouring (scouring speed 3-10 m / s); micro equipment is only ≤0.1 MPa, the wall thickness is ≤2 mm, and there is no need to resist scouring. 2. Different medium adaptability: large chemical equipment contacts acid, alkali and organic solvent, and needs corrosion-resistant materials (316L stainless steel, titanium alloy), and the protrusion surface needs to be smooth to reduce dirt adhesion; micro equipment has no corrosion-resistant requirement for medium. 3. Different balance between heat exchange and flow resistance: large chemical equipment handles high flow (10-100 m³ / h) and high viscosity medium; micro equipment has a flow of 0.1-1 m³ / h. 4. Processing and installation: the length of the large chemical pipe is generally 3-20 m, which needs to be segmented and 3D printed + flange welding (pressure resistance 1.5 times the design pressure); the length of the micro equipment pipe is generally 0.1-1 m, which is integrally printed + bonded, and there is no need to consider pressure design.

[0008] Therefore, there is a need for a heat exchanger that can also be used for large chemical equipment. SUMMARY

[0009] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, the present application provides a heat exchanger and a preparation method and application thereof. The heat exchanger ensures the maximization of heat transfer efficiency.

[0010] The present application solves the above technical problems by the following technical solutions.

[0011] The present application provides a heat exchanger, which comprises a heat exchange pipe body and a turbulence structure arranged on the inner wall of the heat exchange pipe body.

[0012] The cross section of the turbulence structure comprises protrusions and grooves arranged between adjacent two protrusions; the protrusions comprise main protrusions and secondary protrusions, the secondary protrusions are arranged on both sides of the main protrusions, the height of the main protrusions is higher than that of the secondary protrusions; the cross section of the turbulence structure is parallel to the cross section of the heat exchange pipe body.

[0013] The edge of the protrusion is a smooth curve.

[0014] The turbulence structure is formed by rotating the cross section of the turbulence structure around the rotation axis and retaining part of the inside of the heat exchange pipe body; the rotation axis is perpendicular to the axis of the heat exchange pipe body.

[0015] In the present application, the closer to the main protrusion, the higher the height of the secondary protrusion.

[0016] In the present application, the "turbulence structure" is a bionic shark scale structure, which is provided with a three-dimensional structure of a main protrusion and a secondary protrusion (such as a shield scale on the surface of a shark skin, containing a central ridge and two side sub-protrusions) to form a gradient flow field disturbance; compared with a common scale structure, the common scale structure is mostly a flat single-layer structure (such as a bone scale of a fish scale), which can only produce a weak disturbance in a single direction and cannot form the gradient flow field disturbance formed by the bionic shark scale structure in the present application.

[0017] In the present application, the edge of the protrusion is provided as a smooth curve, which can avoid fluid separation caused by sharp corners and reduce local pressure drop.

[0018] In the present application, on the cross section of the turbulence structure, the "height of the protrusion" means the vertical distance between a point of the protrusion close to the center of the cross section of the heat exchange pipe body and a point where the central axis of the protrusion intersects with the inner wall of the heat exchange pipe body; the "width of the protrusion" means the straight-line distance between the connection of the protrusion and the groove or the straight-line distance between the connection of the protrusion and the heat exchange pipe body; and the "width of the groove" means the vertical distance between the two ends of the groove.

[0019] In the present application, preferably, the ratio of the transverse length of the turbulence structure to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is (0.05-0.195):1; wherein the transverse length is the straight-line distance between the outermost protrusion of the turbulence structure and the farthest connection of the heat exchange pipe body on the cross section of the turbulence structure.

[0020] In the present application, preferably, the ratio of the vertical distance between the rotation axis of the rotation and the center of the cross section of the heat exchange pipe body to the radius of the heat exchange pipe body is (0.5-1):1.

[0021] In the present application, preferably, the ratio of the height difference between adjacent protrusions to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is (0.01-0.03):1. In the present application, the above feature is set in the above range, which can ensure the formation of a gradient vortex, the main vortex strengthens heat transfer, and the secondary vortex maintains the stability of the flow field.

[0022] In the present application, preferably, the ratio of the height of the main protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is (0.02-0.08):1.

[0023] In the present application, preferably, the ratio of the width of the main protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is (0.001-0.002):1. Wherein, the width of the main protrusion is set in the range, which can further avoid the problems of limited turbulence effect and insufficient strength caused by too small width, and the problem of reduced heat transfer efficiency caused by too large width.

[0024] In the present application, preferably, the ratio of the height of the secondary protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is (0.01-0.04):1.

[0025] Preferably, the ratio of the width of the secondary protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):1. When the width of the secondary protrusion is set in this range, the problem of limited turbulence effect and insufficient strength caused by too small width can be further avoided, and the problem of reduced heat transfer efficiency caused by too large width can be further avoided.

[0026] Preferably, the groove is a fan-shaped groove.

[0027] Preferably, the number of protrusions is 3-6, preferably 3.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present application, the number of protrusions is 3, and the protrusions include a first secondary protrusion, a main protrusion, and a second secondary protrusion in sequence.

[0029] Preferably, the first secondary protrusion and the second secondary protrusion have the same structure.

[0030] Preferably, the ratio of the height of the main protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.02-0.08):1, for example, 0.05:1.

[0031] Preferably, the ratio of the width of the main protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):1.

[0032] Preferably, the ratio of the height of the first secondary protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.01-0.04):1, for example, 0.02:1.

[0033] Preferably, the ratio of the width of the first secondary protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):1.

[0034] Preferably, the ratio of the transverse length of the turbulence structure to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.05-0.15):1, for example, 0.1:1.

[0035] Preferably, the width of the main protrusion is the same as the width of the first secondary protrusion.

[0036] Preferably, the groove includes a first groove and a second groove, the first groove is arranged between the first secondary protrusion and the main protrusion, and the second groove is arranged between the main protrusion and the second secondary protrusion.

[0037] Preferably, the width of the first groove is the same as the width of the second groove.

[0038] Preferably, the ratio of the width of the first groove to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):1.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present application, the number of the protrusions is four, and the protrusions include a first protrusion, a first main protrusion, a second main protrusion and a second protrusion in sequence.

[0040] Preferably, the first protrusion and the second protrusion have the same structure.

[0041] Preferably, the first main protrusion and the second main protrusion have the same structure.

[0042] Preferably, the ratio of the height of the first main protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.02-0.08):1, preferably (0.03-0.06):1.

[0043] Preferably, the ratio of the width of the first main protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):1.

[0044] Preferably, the ratio of the height of the first protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.01-0.04):1, preferably (0.015-0.03):1, for example 0.02:1.

[0045] Preferably, the ratio of the width of the first protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):1.

[0046] Preferably, the width of the first main protrusion is the same as that of the first protrusion.

[0047] Preferably, the ratio of the transverse length of the spoiler structure to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.08-0.14):1, for example 0.12:1.

[0048] Preferably, the groove includes a first groove, a second groove and a third groove, the first groove is arranged between the first protrusion and the first main protrusion, the second groove is arranged between the first main protrusion and the second main protrusion, and the third groove is arranged between the second main protrusion and the second protrusion.

[0049] Preferably, the widths of the first groove, the second groove and the third groove are equal.

[0050] Preferably, the ratio of the width of the first groove to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):1.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present invention, the number of protrusions is 5, and the protrusions sequentially include a first protrusion, a second protrusion, a main protrusion, a third protrusion, and a fourth protrusion.

[0052] Preferably, the first protrusion and the fourth protrusion have the same structure.

[0053] Preferably, the second protrusion and the third protrusion have the same structure.

[0054] Preferably, the ratio of the height of the main protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube is (0.025-0.09):1, more preferably (0.035-0.07):1, for example 0.06:1.

[0055] Preferably, the ratio of the width of the main protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube is (0.001-0.002):1.

[0056] Preferably, the ratio of the height of the first protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube is (0.012-0.045):1, more preferably (0.018-0.035):1, for example 0.02:1.

[0057] Preferably, the ratio of the width of the first protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube is (0.001-0.002):1.

[0058] Preferably, the ratio of the height of the second protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube is (0.012-0.045):1, more preferably (0.018-0.035):1, for example 0.03:1.

[0059] Preferably, the ratio of the width of the second protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube is (0.001-0.002):1.

[0060] Preferably, the main protrusion, the first protrusion, and the second protrusion have the same width.

[0061] Preferably, the ratio of the lateral length of the turbulence structure to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube is (0.08-0.18):1, and more preferably (0.1-0.16):1.

[0062] Preferably, the groove includes a first groove, a second groove, a third groove, and a fourth groove. The first groove is disposed between the first protrusion and the second protrusion, the second groove is disposed between the second protrusion and the main protrusion, the third groove is disposed between the main protrusion and the third protrusion, and the fourth groove is disposed between the third protrusion and the fourth protrusion.

[0063] Preferably, the widths of the first groove, the second groove, the third groove and the fourth groove are equal.

[0064] Preferably, the ratio of the width of the first groove to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is (0.001-0.002):1.

[0065] In some embodiments of the present application, the number of the protrusions is 6, and the protrusions include a first protrusion, a second protrusion, a first main protrusion, a second main protrusion, a third protrusion and a fourth protrusion in sequence.

[0066] Preferably, the first protrusion and the fourth protrusion have the same structure.

[0067] Preferably, the second protrusion and the third protrusion have the same structure.

[0068] Preferably, the first main protrusion and the second main protrusion have the same structure.

[0069] Preferably, the ratio of the height of the first main protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is (0.022-0.085):1, preferably (0.032-0.065):1, for example 0.06:1.

[0070] Preferably, the ratio of the width of the first main protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is (0.001-0.002):1.

[0071] Preferably, the ratio of the height of the first protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is (0.011-0.042):1, preferably (0.016-0.032):1, for example 0.02:1.

[0072] Preferably, the ratio of the width of the first protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is (0.001-0.002):1.

[0073] Preferably, the ratio of the height of the second protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is (0.011-0.042):1, preferably (0.016-0.032):1, for example 0.03:1.

[0074] Preferably, the ratio of the width of the second protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is (0.001-0.002):1.

[0075] Preferably, the widths of the first main protrusion, the first protrusion and the second protrusion are the same.

[0076] Preferably, the ratio of the transverse length of the turbulence structure to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube is (0.095-0.195):1, preferably (0.11-0.18):1, and more preferably (0.11-0.17):1.

[0077] Preferably, the recesses include a first recess, a second recess, a third recess, a fourth recess, and a fifth recess, the first recess is arranged between the first secondary protrusion and the second secondary protrusion, the second recess is arranged between the second secondary protrusion and the first main protrusion, the third recess is arranged between the first main protrusion and the second main protrusion, the fourth recess is arranged between the second main protrusion and the third secondary protrusion, and the fifth recess is arranged between the third secondary protrusion and the fourth secondary protrusion.

[0078] Preferably, the widths of the first recess, the second recess, the third recess, the fourth recess, and the fifth recess are equal.

[0079] Preferably, the ratio of the width of the first recess to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube is (0.001-0.002):1.

[0080] Preferably, the protrusions are elliptical, oval, or polygonal.

[0081] Preferably, the tangent line of the recess near the inner wall of the heat exchange tube coincides with the tangent line of the inner wall of the heat exchange tube at this position. With this design, the fluid can flow smoothly along the recess, avoiding flow separation.

[0082] Preferably, the arrangement of the turbulence structure on the inner wall of the heat exchange tube is attenuating arrangement, parallel arrangement, spiral arrangement, or cross-spiral arrangement.

[0083] In some embodiments, the attenuating arrangement is to arrange the turbulence structure on the inlet section of the heat exchange tube, and no turbulence structure is arranged on the remaining section.

[0084] Preferably, the inlet section is the region from the inlet of the fluid to a distance of 3-10D from the inlet, and D is the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube. If <3D, the boundary layer is not sufficiently destroyed, and the Nu is improved by <10%. If >5D, there is no additional benefit in pressure drop.

[0085] Preferably, the arrangement of the turbulence structure on the inlet section is parallel arrangement or spiral arrangement.

[0086] In some embodiments, the parallel arrangement is that a first group of the turbulence structure units is arranged on the cross section of the inlet of the heat exchange pipe body, the turbulence structure unit includes 2 or more turbulence structures, and the remaining groups of the turbulence structure units are arranged along the axis of the heat exchange pipe body to the outlet of the heat exchange pipe body.

[0087] Preferably, the first group of the turbulence structure units includes 4-20 turbulence structures.

[0088] Preferably, in the first group of the turbulence structure units, the turbulence structures are uniformly arranged on the cross section of the heat exchange pipe body.

[0089] Preferably, the ratio of the spacing between adjacent groups of the turbulence structure units to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is (0.5-2):1. If the ratio is less than 0.5:1, the adjacent groups of vortices overlap excessively, and the pressure drop increases significantly. If the ratio is greater than 2:1, the flow field decays, and the heat transfer efficiency does not increase significantly.

[0090] In some embodiments, the spiral arrangement is that a first group of the turbulence structure units is arranged on the cross section of the inlet of the heat exchange pipe body, the turbulence structure unit includes 2 or more turbulence structures, and the remaining groups of the turbulence structure units are arranged along the fluid flow direction and extend to the outlet of the heat exchange pipe body in a spiral manner.

[0091] Preferably, the ratio of the spacing between adjacent groups of the turbulence structure units to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is (0.5-2):1. If the ratio is less than 0.5:1, the adjacent groups of vortices overlap excessively, and the pressure drop increases significantly. If the ratio is greater than 2:1, the flow field decays, and the heat transfer efficiency does not increase significantly.

[0092] Preferably, the angle of rotation is 30°-45°. If the angle is less than 30°, the rotating flow intensity is insufficient. If the angle is greater than 45°, the spiral resistance accounts for more than 50%.

[0093] Preferably, the angle between the axis of the turbulence structure and the axis of the heat exchange pipe body is 30°-45°.

[0094] In some embodiments, the cross-spiral arrangement is that a first group of the turbulence structure units is arranged on a first section of the heat exchange pipe body, and a second group of the turbulence structure units is arranged on a second section of the heat exchange pipe body; the remaining groups of the turbulence structure units of the first section extend to the outlet of the first section in a fluid flow direction and in a spiral manner; the remaining groups of the turbulence structure units of the second section extend to the outlet of the second section in a fluid flow direction and in a spiral manner; the angle of rotation of the first section is 30°-45°; and the angle of rotation of the second section is -30°-45°.

[0095] The first section is preferably a region from the inlet of the fluid passage to a region 5-8D away from the inlet, where D is the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body.

[0096] The second section is preferably a region from the outlet of the first section to a region 5-8D away from the outlet of the first section, where D is the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body.

[0097] The ratio of the spacing between adjacent groups of the turbulence structure units in the first section to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is preferably (0.5-2):1, more preferably (1.5-2):1.

[0098] The ratio of the spacing between adjacent groups of the turbulence structure units in the second section to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is preferably (0.5-2):1, more preferably (1.5-2):1.

[0099] In the present application, the inner diameter of the heat exchanger is preferably 50-800mm, for example 500mm.

[0100] In the present application, the length of the heat exchanger is preferably 3-20m, for example 10m.

[0101] In the present application, the wall thickness of the heat exchanger is preferably 3-15mm, for example 10mm.

[0102] In the present application, the maximum height of the protrusions is preferably 1-40mm, for example 20mm.

[0103] In the present application, the heat exchange area of the heat exchanger is preferably 10-500m 2 , for example 300m 2 .

[0104] In the present application, the heat exchanger can be used for heat exchange of a fluid with a flow rate of 10-100m 3 / h.

[0105] The present application provides a method for preparing the heat exchanger described above, which comprises the following scheme one or scheme two:

[0106] Scheme one comprises the following steps:

[0107] S1, designing a three-dimensional model of the heat exchanger;

[0108] S2, importing the three-dimensional model into laser selective melting slicing software, and adjusting the model to a preset printing position;

[0109] S3, selecting a solid material for the heat exchanger, and using a laser selective melting 3D printing device to perform layer-by-layer laying and printing, so as to print an intermediate body of the heat exchanger according to the three-dimensional model;

[0110] S4, connecting the intermediate body of the heat exchanger with external pipelines and pumps into a circulating loop to obtain the heat exchanger;

[0111] The second scheme comprises the following steps:

[0112] S1, designing a three-dimensional model of the heat exchanger;

[0113] S2, importing the three-dimensional model into laser selective melting slicing software and adjusting the model to a preset printing position;

[0114] S3, selecting a solid material of the heat exchanger, layer-by-layer laying and printing by using a laser selective melting 3D printing device, and printing a segmented unit of the heat exchanger according to the three-dimensional model;

[0115] S4, connecting the segmented units to form an intermediate body of the heat exchanger;

[0116] S5, connecting the intermediate body of the heat exchanger with external pipelines and pumps into a circulating loop to obtain the heat exchanger.

[0117] In the application, preferably, the preset printing position is that the axis of the heat exchanger is parallel to the substrate, the center of gravity of each structure of the heat exchanger is aligned with the center of the substrate, and the support is not in direct contact with the bottom surface of the turbulence structure. By adopting the arrangement, the forming precision of the bionic shark scale functional surface of the inner wall turbulence structure (no support residue, surface roughness up to standard), the overall thermal deformation of the pipeline is minimized, and the amount of support and the difficulty of post-processing are reduced.

[0118] In the application, preferably, in step S1 of the second scheme, the three-dimensional model of the heat exchanger comprises a flange structure of a segmented interface and a rotation track parameter of a turbulence structure, and is designed by using SolidWorks or UG software, with a precision of 0.01 mm.

[0119] In the application, preferably, in step S2 of the first scheme and the second scheme, the power of the laser is 100 W-300 W, for example, 200 W.

[0120] In the application, preferably, in step S3 of the first scheme and the second scheme, the single-layer laying thickness of the laying and printing is 0.1-0.3 mm.

[0121] Preferably, when the wall thickness of the heat exchanger is less than 8 mm, the single-layer laying thickness of the laying and printing is 0.1-0.2 mm.

[0122] Preferably, when the wall thickness of the heat exchanger is more than 8 mm, the single-layer laying thickness of the laying and printing is 0.2-0.3 mm.

[0123] In the present application, preferably, in step S3 of the first and second schemes, the solid material is meltable under laser.

[0124] Preferably, the solid material is a metal material.

[0125] Preferably, the metal material is 316L stainless steel or titanium alloy.

[0126] Preferably, the solid material is a powder.

[0127] When the metal material is 316L stainless steel, the particle size of the metal material is 15-53 μm, for example, 50 μm.

[0128] When the metal material is titanium alloy, the particle size of the metal material is 20-60 μm.

[0129] In the present application, preferably, in step S3 of the first and second schemes, the 3D printing further comprises a step of preheating a substrate.

[0130] Preferably, the substrate is preheated to 200-400°C.

[0131] Preferably, when the metal material is 316L stainless steel, the substrate is preheated to 200-300°C.

[0132] Preferably, when the metal material is titanium alloy, the substrate is preheated to 300-400°C.

[0133] In the present application, preferably, in step S3 of the first and second schemes, the 3D printing is performed by partition scanning, and each cross section is divided into 4-8 regions for independent scanning. This step can reduce heat accumulation (thermal deformation is reduced by 40%).

[0134] In the present application, preferably, after the 3D printing, a solution treatment is further included. This step can eliminate internal stress, and the heat treatment needs to be performed in an argon or vacuum environment to avoid oxidation.

[0135] When the metal material is 316L stainless steel, the solution treatment comprises water cooling after being kept at 1050°C for 1 h.

[0136] When the metal material is titanium alloy, the solution treatment comprises air cooling after being kept at 800°C for 2 h.

[0137] In the present application, preferably, in step S4 of the second scheme, the connection is by welding, flange connection, clamping sleeve connection or threaded connection.

[0138] In the application, preferably, before the connecting in step S4 of the scheme two, the step of detecting the interface of the segmented unit by flaw detection is further included.

[0139] Preferably, the flaw detection is performed by ultrasonic testing (UT flaw detection).

[0140] In the application, preferably, after the connecting in step S4 of the scheme two, the step of pressure test is further included.

[0141] Preferably, the pressure of the pressure test is 1.2 times of the design pressure, and the pressure is maintained for 60 minutes without leakage.

[0142] The application further provides an application of the heat exchanger in a chemical equipment.

[0143] In the application, preferably, the length of the pipe body of the chemical equipment is 3-20 m.

[0144] On the basis of common knowledge in the art, the above-mentioned preferred conditions can be combined arbitrarily, thereby obtaining preferred examples of the application.

[0145] The reagents and raw materials used in the application are commercially available.

[0146] The positive progress effect of the application is that:

[0147] The heat exchanger of the application is provided with a special structure (imitating shark scales) of a spoiler structure, and can have excellent heat exchange efficiency, and can achieve the following effects:

[0148] 1. Hierarchical vortex synergy: the main protrusion forms a main disturbance zone, and the fluid generates longitudinal and transverse vortices after impingement, directly disturbs the temperature and velocity boundary layer near the wall, and strengthens the heat exchange in the heat transfer core area; the secondary protrusion forms a secondary disturbance zone, supplements weak vortices downstream of the main vortex, avoids rapid attenuation of the generated vortices, and guides the fluid to smoothly transition, reducing energy loss caused by vortex collision.

[0149] 2. Flow resistance optimization design: the edge of the protrusion is a smooth curve, which can reduce the fluid separation phenomenon; compared with no excessive structure or sharp corner mutation structure, the flow separation area is reduced by 40%, and the pressure loss is reduced; and the smooth structure of the circular shape matches the change of the flow field, which reduces the local turbulent kinetic energy loss in one step, and realizes the balance of strong disturbance and low flow resistance.

[0150] 3. Boundary layer gradient regulation: the height difference of the multi-stage protrusion forms a disturbance intensity gradient, so that the boundary layer gradually changes from the pipe wall to the main flow area, instead of sudden change of a single height protrusion, which not only avoids the sharp increase of pressure drop caused by excessive turbulence in the main flow area, but also ensures the maximization of the heat transfer efficiency near the wall.

[0151] The preparation method of the heat exchanger can solve the processing and long pipe manufacturing problems of complex structure, and has system and effectiveness. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0152] Figure 1 Structure diagram of the heat exchanger of Example 1.

[0153] Figure 2 Structure diagram of the disturbance structure in the heat exchanger of Example 1.

[0154] Figure 3 Structure diagram of the disturbance structure in the heat exchanger of Example 1.

[0155] Figure 4 Structure diagram of the disturbance structure in the heat exchanger of Example 1.

[0156] Figure 5 Structure diagram of the disturbance structure in the heat exchanger of Example 2.

[0157] Figure 6 Structure diagram of the disturbance structure in the heat exchanger of Example 3.

[0158] Figure 7 Structure diagram of the disturbance structure in the heat exchanger of Example 4.

[0159] Figure 8 Structure diagram of the disturbance structure of Example 1.

[0160] Figure 9 Front view of the disturbance structure of Example 1.

[0161] Figure 10 Top view of the disturbance structure of Example 1.

[0162] The reference signs are as follows:

[0163] 1-heat exchanger pipe body; 2-disturbance structure;

[0164] 201-first protrusion; 202-main protrusion; 203-second protrusion; 2021-first main protrusion; 2022-second main protrusion; 204-third protrusion; 205-fourth protrusion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0165] The present application will be further described in the following examples, but the present application is not limited in the scope of the examples. The experimental methods in the following examples without specific conditions are selected according to the conventional methods and conditions, or according to the commodity instruction.

[0166] Example 1

[0167] The heat exchanger of the embodiment is shown in a structural diagram as Figures 1-4 which comprises a heat exchange pipe body 1 and a turbulence structure 2 arranged on the inner wall of the heat exchange pipe body 1;

[0168] The cross section of the turbulence structure 2 comprises protrusions and grooves arranged between two adjacent protrusions; the protrusions comprise a main protrusion 202 and a secondary protrusion arranged on both sides of the main protrusion 202, the height of the main protrusion 202 is higher than that of the secondary protrusion; the cross section of the turbulence structure 2 is parallel to the cross section of the heat exchange pipe body 1;

[0169] The edge of the protrusion is a smooth curve, specifically an elliptical shape; the groove is a sector shape; the tangent line of the groove near the inner wall of the heat exchange pipe body 1 coincides with the tangent line of the inner wall of the heat exchange pipe body 1 at the position;

[0170] The number of the protrusions is three, and the protrusions comprise a first protrusion 201, a main protrusion 202 and a second protrusion 203 in sequence;

[0171] The first protrusion 201 and the second protrusion 203 have the same structure;

[0172] The ratio of the height of the main protrusion 202 (the height of the main protrusion 202 is shown as H1 in Figure 3 ) to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body 1 is 0.05:1; the ratio of the width of the main protrusion 202 (the width of the main protrusion 202 is shown as W1 in Figure 4 ) to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body 1 is 0.002:1; the ratio of the height of the first protrusion 201 (the height of the secondary protrusion is shown as H2 in Figure 3 ) to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body 1 is 0.02:1; the ratio of the width of the first protrusion 201 (the width of the secondary protrusion is shown as W2 in Figure 4 ) to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body 1 is 0.002:1;

[0173] The ratio of the transverse length of the turbulence structure 2 (the transverse length of the turbulence structure 2 is shown as L1 in Figure 3 ) to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body 1 is 0.1:1; wherein, the transverse length is the straight line distance between the outermost protrusion of the turbulence structure and the farthest connection of the heat exchange pipe body 1 on the cross section of the turbulence structure;

[0174] The groove comprises a first groove and a second groove, the first groove is arranged between the first protrusion 201 and the main protrusion 202, and the second groove is arranged between the main protrusion 202 and the second protrusion 203;

[0175] The width of the first groove and the second groove (the width of the groove is shown as W3 in Figure 4 ) is equal; the ratio of the width of the first groove to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body 1 is 0.002:1;

[0176] The turbulence structure 2 is formed by rotating the cross section of the turbulence structure 2 around the rotation axis and retaining the part in the tube of the heat exchange tube body 1 (the schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the turbulence structure 2 is shown in Figure 8 , the front view is shown in Figure 9 , and the top view is shown in Figure 10 , Figures 8-10 , only as a schematic diagram of the structure formed by rotating the cross section around the rotation axis); the rotation axis is perpendicular to the axis of the heat exchange tube body 1, and the ratio of the vertical distance between the rotation axis of rotation and the center of the cross section of the heat exchange tube body 1 to the radius of the heat exchange tube body 1 is 1:1.

[0177] The arrangement mode of the turbulence structure 2 on the inner wall of the heat exchange tube body 1 is an attenuation arrangement, and the attenuation arrangement is that the turbulence structure 2 is arranged at the inlet section of the heat exchange tube body 1, and the remaining section is not provided with the turbulence structure 2; the inlet section is the area from the inlet of the fluid into the inlet to a distance of 5D from the inlet, and the arrangement mode of the turbulence structure 2 of the inlet section is parallel arrangement.

[0178] The inner diameter of the heat exchanger is 500 mm; the length of the heat exchanger is 10 m; the wall thickness of the heat exchanger is 10 mm; the maximum value of the height of the protrusion is 20 mm; and the heat exchange area of the heat exchanger is 300 m 2 .

[0179] In an optional embodiment, the preparation method of the heat exchanger of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0180] S1, designing a three-dimensional model of the heat exchanger;

[0181] S2, importing the three-dimensional model into the laser selective melting slicing software, adjusting the model to the preset printing position (the axis of the heat exchanger is parallel to the substrate, and the centers of gravity of each structure of the heat exchanger and the substrate are aligned); the power of the laser is 200 W;

[0182] S3, selecting metal powder, preheating the substrate to 300°C, and using a laser selective melting 3D printing device to perform layer-by-layer laying (powder laying) printing, and performing zoning scanning in 3D printing, dividing each cross section into 8 areas for independent scanning, and printing the intermediate body of the heat exchanger according to the three-dimensional model; the single-layer powder laying thickness of the powder laying printing is 0.2 mm; the metal powder is 316L stainless steel; the particle size of the metal powder is 50 μm; and the 3D printing further comprises solution treatment, which comprises water cooling after being kept at 1050°C for 1 h;

[0183] S4, connecting the intermediate body of the heat exchanger with the external pipeline and the pump to form a circulating loop to obtain the heat exchanger.

[0184] In another optional embodiment, the preparation method of the heat exchanger of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0185] S1, designing a three-dimensional model of the heat exchanger;

[0186] S2, import the three-dimensional model into the laser selective melting slicing software, adjust the model to the preset printing position (the axis of the heat exchanger is parallel to the substrate, and the center of gravity of each structure of the heat exchanger is aligned with the center of the substrate); the power of the laser is 200W;

[0187] S3, select metal powder, preheat the substrate to 300℃, and use the laser selective melting 3D printing equipment to perform layer-by-layer laying (powder laying) printing, perform partition scanning in 3D printing, divide each cross section into 8 areas for independent scanning, and print the segmented unit of the heat exchanger according to the three-dimensional model; the single-layer powder laying thickness of the powder laying printing is 0.2mm; the metal powder is 316L stainless steel; the particle size of the metal powder is 50μm; after 3D printing, solid solution treatment is further included, which includes water cooling after holding at 1050℃ for 1h;

[0188] S4, use ultrasonic testing (UT) to detect the interface of the segmented unit, weld the segmented unit of the heat exchanger to form an intermediate body of the heat exchanger; perform a pressure test on the intermediate body of the heat exchanger; the pressure of the pressure test is 1.2 times the design pressure, and no leakage is found after holding for 60min;

[0189] S5, connect the intermediate body of the heat exchanger with the external pipeline and the pump to form a circulating loop, and obtain the heat exchanger.

[0190] Compared with the heat exchanger of the same specification which only contains the heat exchange pipe body and does not contain the turbulence structure, the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger of the embodiment is increased by 20%.

[0191] Embodiment 2

[0192] The structure diagram of the turbulence structure in the heat exchanger of the embodiment is as shown in Figure 5 The number of protrusions is 4, and the protrusions include a first protrusion 201, a first main protrusion 2021, a second main protrusion 2022, and a second protrusion 203 in sequence;

[0193] The first protrusion 201 and the second protrusion 203 have the same structure; the first main protrusion 2021 and the second main protrusion 2022 have the same structure;

[0194] The ratio of the height of the first main protrusion 2021 to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is 0.06:1; the ratio of the width of the first main protrusion 2021 to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is 0.002:1; the ratio of the height of the first protrusion 201 to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is 0.02:1; the ratio of the width of the first protrusion 201 to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is 0.002:1; the ratio of the transverse length of the turbulence structure to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is 0.12:1; wherein the transverse length is the straight line distance between the outermost protrusion of the turbulence structure and the farthest connection of the heat exchange pipe body in the cross section of the turbulence structure.

[0195] The grooves comprise a first groove, a second groove and a third groove, the first groove is arranged between the first secondary protrusion 201 and the first main protrusion 2021, the second groove is arranged between the first main protrusion 2021 and the second main protrusion 2022, and the third groove is arranged between the second main protrusion 2022 and the second secondary protrusion 203;

[0196] The widths of the first groove, the second groove and the third groove are equal, and the ratio of the width of the first groove to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is 0.002:1;

[0197] The rest of the structure of the heat exchanger of the embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1.

[0198] The preparation method of the heat exchanger of the embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, except that the three-dimensional model is adjusted according to the structure adaptability of the heat exchanger of the embodiment.

[0199] Compared with the heat exchanger of the same specification which only contains the heat exchange pipe body and does not contain the turbulence structure, the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger of the embodiment is increased by 26%.

[0200] Embodiment 3

[0201] The structure diagram of the turbulence structure in the heat exchanger of the embodiment is shown in Figure 6 The number of protrusions is 5, and the protrusions comprise a first secondary protrusion 201, a second secondary protrusion 203, a main protrusion 202, a third secondary protrusion 204 and a fourth secondary protrusion 205 in sequence.

[0202] The first secondary protrusion 201 and the fourth secondary protrusion 205 have the same structure, and the second secondary protrusion 203 and the third secondary protrusion 204 have the same structure.

[0203] The ratio of the height of the main protrusion 202 to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is 0.06:1, the ratio of the width of the main protrusion 202 to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is 0.001:1, the ratio of the height of the first secondary protrusion 201 to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is 0.02:1, the ratio of the width of the first secondary protrusion 201 to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is 0.001:1, the ratio of the height of the second secondary protrusion 203 to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is 0.03:1, the ratio of the width of the second secondary protrusion 203 to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is 0.001:1, and the ratio of the transverse length of the turbulence structure to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is 0.16:1.

[0204] The grooves comprise a first groove, a second groove, a third groove and a fourth groove, the first groove is arranged between the first secondary protrusion 201 and the second secondary protrusion 203, the second groove is arranged between the second secondary protrusion 203 and the main protrusion 202, the third groove is arranged between the main protrusion 202 and the third secondary protrusion 204, and the fourth groove is arranged between the third secondary protrusion 204 and the fourth secondary protrusion 205.

[0205] The widths of the first groove, the second groove, the third groove and the fourth groove are equal; the ratio of the width of the first groove to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is 0.001:1;

[0206] The rest of the heat exchanger of the embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1.

[0207] The rest of the preparation method of the heat exchanger of the embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, except that the three-dimensional model is adjusted according to the structure adaptability of the heat exchanger of the embodiment.

[0208] Compared with the heat exchanger of the same specification which only contains the heat exchange pipe body and does not contain the spoiler structure, the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger of the embodiment is increased by 30%.

[0209] Embodiment 4

[0210] In the heat exchanger of the embodiment, the number of protrusions is 6, and the protrusions include, in sequence, the first protrusion 201, the second protrusion 203, the first main protrusion 2021, the second main protrusion 2022, the third protrusion 204 and the fourth protrusion 205;

[0211] The first protrusion 201 and the fourth protrusion 205 are the same in structure; the second protrusion 203 and the third protrusion 204 are the same in structure; the first main protrusion 2021 and the second main protrusion 2022 are the same in structure;

[0212] The ratio of the height of the first main protrusion 2021 to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is 0.06:1; the ratio of the width of the first main protrusion 2021 to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is 0.001:1; the ratio of the height of the first protrusion 201 to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is 0.02:1; the ratio of the width of the first protrusion 201 to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is 0.001:1; the ratio of the height of the second protrusion 203 to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is 0.03:1; the ratio of the width of the second protrusion 203 to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is 0.001:1; the ratio of the transverse length of the spoiler structure to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is 0.18:1;

[0213] The grooves include the first groove, the second groove, the third groove, the fourth groove and the fifth groove, the first groove is arranged between the first protrusion 201 and the second protrusion 203, the second groove is arranged between the second protrusion 203 and the first main protrusion 2021, the third groove is arranged between the first main protrusion 2021 and the second main protrusion 2022, the fourth groove is arranged between the second main protrusion 2022 and the third protrusion 204, and the fifth groove is arranged between the third protrusion 204 and the fourth protrusion 205;

[0214] The widths of the first groove, the second groove, the third groove, the fourth groove and the fifth groove are equal;

[0215] The ratio of the width of the first groove to the inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is 0.001:1.

[0216] The rest of the structure of the heat exchanger of the embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1.

[0217] The preparation method of the heat exchanger of the embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, except that the three-dimensional model is adjusted according to the structure adaptability of the heat exchanger of the embodiment.

[0218] Compared with the heat exchanger of the same specification containing only the heat exchange pipe body without the turbulence structure, the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger of the embodiment is increased by 38%.

Claims

1. A heat exchanger, characterized by, The heat exchanger comprises a heat exchange tube body and a turbulence structure arranged on the inner wall of the heat exchange tube body; The cross section of the turbulence structure comprises a protrusion and a groove arranged between two adjacent protrusions; the protrusion comprises a main protrusion and a secondary protrusion, the secondary protrusion is arranged on both sides of the main protrusion, the height of the main protrusion is higher than that of the secondary protrusion; the cross section of the turbulence structure is parallel to the cross section of the heat exchange tube body; The edge of the protrusion is a smooth curve; The turbulence structure is formed by rotating the cross section of the turbulence structure around a rotation axis and retaining part of the tube inside the heat exchange tube body; the rotation axis is perpendicular to the axis of the heat exchange tube body.

2. The heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein It meets one or more of the following conditions: (a) The ratio of the lateral length of the turbulence structure to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.05-0.195):1; wherein the lateral length is the straight line distance between the outermost protrusion of the turbulence structure and the farthest connection of the heat exchange tube body on the cross section of the turbulence structure; (b) The ratio of the vertical distance between the rotation axis of the rotation and the center of the cross section of the heat exchange tube body to the radius of the heat exchange tube body is (0.5-1):1; (c) The ratio of the height difference between adjacent protrusions to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.01-0.03):1; (d) The ratio of the height of the main protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.02-0.08):1; (e) The ratio of the width of the main protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):1; (f) The ratio of the height of the secondary protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.01-0.04):1; (g) The ratio of the width of the secondary protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):1; (h) The groove is a sector; (i) The number of protrusions is 3-6, preferably 3; (g) The inner diameter of the heat exchanger is 50-800mm, for example 500mm; (k) The length of the heat exchanger is 3-20m, for example 10m; (l) The wall thickness of the heat exchanger is 3-15mm, for example 10mm; (m) The maximum height of the protrusion is 1-40mm, for example 20mm; (n) the heat exchange area of the heat exchanger is 10-500 m 2 , for example 300 m 2 ; (o) The closer to the main protrusion, the higher the height of the secondary protrusion.

3. The heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein The number of protrusions is 3, and the protrusions comprise a first protrusion, a main protrusion and a second protrusion in turn; Preferably, the first protrusion and the second protrusion have the same structure; Preferably, the ratio of the height of the main protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.02-0.08):1, for example 0.05:1; Preferably, the ratio of the width of the main protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):1; Preferably, the ratio of the height of the first protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.01-0.04):1, for example 0.02:1; Preferably, the ratio of the width of the first protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):1; Preferably, the ratio of the transverse length of the spoiler structure to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.05-0.15):1, for example 0.1:

1. Preferably, the width of the first protrusion and the main protrusion is the same. Preferably, the groove comprises a first groove and a second groove, the first groove is arranged between the first protrusion and the main protrusion, and the second groove is arranged between the main protrusion and the second protrusion. Preferably, the width of the first groove and the second groove is the same. Preferably, the ratio of the width of the first groove to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):

1.

4. The heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein The number of protrusions is 4, and the protrusions comprise a first protrusion, a first main protrusion, a second main protrusion, and a second protrusion in sequence. Preferably, the structure of the first protrusion and the second protrusion is the same. Preferably, the structure of the first main protrusion and the second main protrusion is the same. Preferably, the ratio of the height of the first main protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.02-0.08):1, preferably (0.03-0.06):

1. Preferably, the ratio of the width of the first main protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):

1. Preferably, the ratio of the height of the first protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.01-0.04):1, preferably (0.015-0.03):1, for example 0.02:

1. Preferably, the ratio of the width of the first protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):

1. Preferably, the width of the first main protrusion and the first protrusion is the same. Preferably, the ratio of the transverse length of the spoiler structure to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.08-0.14):1, for example 0.12:

1. Preferably, the groove comprises a first groove, a second groove, and a third groove, the first groove is arranged between the first protrusion and the first main protrusion, the second groove is arranged between the first main protrusion and the second main protrusion, and the third groove is arranged between the second main protrusion and the second protrusion. Preferably, the width of the first groove, the second groove, and the third groove is the same. Preferably, the ratio of the width of the first groove to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):

1.

5. The heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein The number of protrusions is 5, and the protrusions comprise a first protrusion, a second protrusion, a main protrusion, a third protrusion, and a fourth protrusion in sequence. Preferably, the structure of the first protrusion and the fourth protrusion is the same. Preferably, the structure of the second protrusion and the third protrusion is the same. Preferably, the ratio of the height of the main protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.025-0.09):1, preferably (0.035-0.07):1, for example 0.06:

1. Preferably, the ratio of the width of the main protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):

1. Preferably, the ratio of the height of the first protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.012-0.045):1, preferably (0.018-0.035):1, for example 0.02:

1. Preferably, the ratio of the width of the first protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):

1. Preferably, the ratio of the height of the second protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.012-0.045):1, preferably (0.018-0.035):1, for example 0.03:

1. Preferably, the ratio of the width of the second protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):

1. Preferably, the widths of the main protrusion, the first protrusion, and the second protrusion are the same. Preferably, the ratio of the transverse length of the turbulence structure to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.08-0.18):1, preferably (0.1-0.16):

1. Preferably, the groove comprises a first groove, a second groove, a third groove, and a fourth groove, the first groove is arranged between the first protrusion and the second protrusion, the second groove is arranged between the second protrusion and the main protrusion, the third groove is arranged between the main protrusion and the third protrusion, and the fourth groove is arranged between the third protrusion and the fourth protrusion. Preferably, the widths of the first groove, the second groove, the third groove, and the fourth groove are equal. Preferably, the ratio of the width of the first groove to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):

1.

6. The heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein The number of protrusions is 6, and the protrusions include a first protrusion, a second protrusion, a first main protrusion, a second main protrusion, a third protrusion, and a fourth protrusion in sequence. Preferably, the first protrusion and the fourth protrusion have the same structure. Preferably, the second protrusion and the third protrusion have the same structure. Preferably, the first main protrusion and the second main protrusion have the same structure. Preferably, the ratio of the height of the first main protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.022-0.085):1, preferably (0.032-0.065):1, for example 0.06:

1. Preferably, the ratio of the width of the first main protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):

1. Preferably, the ratio of the height of the first protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.011-0.042):1, preferably (0.016-0.032):1, for example 0.02:

1. Preferably, the ratio of the width of the first protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):

1. Preferably, the ratio of the height of the second protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.011-0.042):1, preferably (0.016-0.032):1, for example 0.03:1; Preferably, the ratio of the width of the second protrusion to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):1; Preferably, the widths of the first main protrusion, the first protrusion and the second protrusion are the same; Preferably, the ratio of the transverse length of the spoiler structure to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.095-0.195):1, preferably (0.11-0.18):1, further preferably (0.11-0.17):1; Preferably, the groove comprises a first groove, a second groove, a third groove, a fourth groove and a fifth groove, the first groove is arranged between the first protrusion and the second protrusion, the second groove is arranged between the second protrusion and the first main protrusion, the third groove is arranged between the first main protrusion and the second main protrusion, the fourth groove is arranged between the second main protrusion and the third protrusion, and the fifth groove is arranged between the third protrusion and the fourth protrusion; Preferably, the widths of the first groove, the second groove, the third groove, the fourth groove and the fifth groove are equal; Preferably, the ratio of the width of the first groove to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.001-0.002):

1.

7. The heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein It satisfies one or more of the following conditions: (a) the protrusion is elliptical, oval or polygonal; (b) the tangent line of the groove near the inner wall of the heat exchange tube body coincides with the tangent line of the inner wall of the heat exchange tube body at that position; (c) the arrangement of the spoiler structure on the inner wall of the heat exchange tube body is attenuating arrangement, parallel arrangement, spiral arrangement or cross spiral arrangement; Optionally, the attenuating arrangement is to arrange the spoiler structure at the inlet section of the heat exchange tube body and not to arrange the spoiler structure at the remaining section; Preferably, the inlet section is the region from the inlet of the fluid to a distance of 3-10D from the inlet, and D is the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body; Preferably, the arrangement of the spoiler structure at the inlet section is parallel arrangement or spiral arrangement; Optionally, the parallel arrangement is to arrange a first group of spoiler structure units on the cross section of the inlet of the heat exchange tube body, the spoiler structure units comprising 2 or more spoiler structures, and the remaining groups of spoiler structure units are arranged along the axis of the heat exchange tube body to the outlet of the heat exchange tube body; Preferably, the first group of spoiler structure units comprises 4-20 spoiler structures; Preferably, in the first group of spoiler structure units, the spoiler structures are uniformly arranged on the cross section of the heat exchange tube body; Preferably, the ratio of the distance between adjacent groups of spoiler structure units to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube body is (0.5-2):

1. Optionally, the spiral arrangement is that a first group of the turbulence structure units is arranged on a cross section of an inlet of the heat exchange pipe body, the turbulence structure unit comprises two or more than two turbulence structures, and the rest groups of the turbulence structure units extend to an outlet of the heat exchange pipe body along a fluid flow direction and rotate; Preferably, a ratio of a spacing between adjacent groups of the turbulence structure units to an inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is (0.5-2):1; Preferably, the rotation angle is 30°-45°; Preferably, an included angle between an axis of the turbulence structure and an axis of the heat exchange pipe body is 30°-45°; Optionally, the cross spiral arrangement is that a first group of the turbulence structure units is arranged on a first section of the heat exchange pipe body, and a second group of the turbulence structure units is arranged on a second section of the heat exchange pipe body; the rest groups of the turbulence structure units of the first section extend to an outlet of the first section along a fluid flow direction and rotate; the rest groups of the turbulence structure units of the second section extend to an outlet of the second section along a fluid flow direction and rotate; the rotation angle of the first section is 30°-45°; and the rotation angle of the second section is -30°-45°. Preferably, the first section is an area from an inlet of fluid passage to a distance of 5-8D from the inlet, and D is an inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body. Preferably, the second section is an area from an outlet of the first section to a distance of 5-8D from the outlet of the first section, and D is an inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body. Preferably, a ratio of a spacing between adjacent groups of the turbulence structure units of the first section to an inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is (0.5-2):1, preferably (1.5-2):

1. Preferably, a ratio of a spacing between adjacent groups of the turbulence structure units of the second section to an inner diameter of the heat exchange pipe body is (0.5-2):1, preferably (1.5-2):

1.

8. A method of manufacturing a heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that It comprises the following scheme one or scheme two: The scheme one comprises the following steps: S1, designing a three-dimensional model of the heat exchanger; S2, importing the three-dimensional model into a laser selective melting slicing software, and adjusting the model to a preset printing position; S3, selecting a solid material of the heat exchanger, and using a laser selective melting 3D printing device to layer by layer lay and print, and printing an intermediate body of the heat exchanger according to the three-dimensional model; S4, connecting the intermediate body of the heat exchanger with external pipelines and a pump to form a circulating loop, and obtaining the heat exchanger; The scheme two comprises the following steps: S1, designing a three-dimensional model of the heat exchanger; S2, importing the three-dimensional model into a laser selective melting slicing software, and adjusting the model to a preset printing position; S3, selecting a solid material of the heat exchanger, and using a laser selective melting 3D printing device to layer by layer lay and print, and printing a segmented unit of the heat exchanger according to the three-dimensional model; S4, connecting the segmented unit of the heat exchanger to form an intermediate body of the heat exchanger; S5, connecting the intermediate body of the heat exchanger with external pipelines and a pump to form a circulating loop, and obtaining the heat exchanger.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the heat exchanger is prepared by the steps of: It satisfies one or more of the following conditions: (a) the preset printing position is that the axis of the heat exchanger is parallel to the substrate, and the center of gravity of each structure of the heat exchanger is aligned with the center of the substrate; (b) in step S1 of the second scheme, the three-dimensional model of the heat exchanger includes the flange structure of the segmented interface and the rotation track parameters of the spoiler structure, and is designed by using SolidWorks or UG software, with a precision of 0.01 mm; (c) in step S2 of the first and second schemes, the power of the laser is 100 W-300 W, for example, 200 W; Preferably, when the wall thickness of the heat exchanger is less than 8 mm, the single-layer laying thickness of the laying printing is 0.1-0.2 mm; Preferably, when the wall thickness of the heat exchanger is more than 8 mm, the single-layer laying thickness of the laying printing is 0.2-0.3 mm; (d) in step S3 of the first and second schemes, the solid material can be melted under the laser; Preferably, the solid material is a metal material; Preferably, the metal material is 316L stainless steel or titanium alloy; Preferably, the solid material is a powder; When the metal material is 316L stainless steel, the particle size of the metal material is 15-53 μm, for example, 50 μm; When the metal material is titanium alloy, the particle size of the metal material is 20-60 μm; (e) in step S3 of the first and second schemes, the 3D printing further includes a step of preheating the substrate; Preferably, the substrate is preheated to 200-400℃; Preferably, when the metal material is 316L stainless steel, the substrate is preheated to 200-300℃; Preferably, when the metal material is titanium alloy, the substrate is preheated to 300-400℃; (f) in step S3 of the first and second schemes, the 3D printing is performed by partition scanning, and each cross section is divided into 4-8 areas for independent scanning; (g) the 3D printing further includes a solid solution treatment; When the metal material is 316L stainless steel, the solid solution treatment includes water cooling after being kept at 1050℃ for 1 h; When the metal material is titanium alloy, the solid solution treatment includes air cooling after being kept at 800℃ for 2 h; (h) in step S4 of the second scheme, the connection is by welding, flange connection, sleeve connection or threaded connection; (i) in step S4 of the second scheme, the connection further includes a step of performing flaw detection on the interface of the segmented unit before the connection; Preferably, the flaw detection is performed by ultrasonic waves; (j) in step S4 of the second scheme, the connection further includes a step of pressure test; Preferably, the pressure of the pressure test is 1.2 times the design pressure, and the pressure is maintained for 60 min without leakage.

10. Use of the heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1-7 in a chemical device; wherein Preferably, the length of the pipe body of the chemical device is 3-20 m.

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