A surface roughness testing device and testing process for castings

Abstract

This application relates to the field of casting inspection, specifically disclosing a surface roughness testing device and process for castings. The device includes a machine body, on which rolling friction testing components and sliding friction testing components are slidably mounted. A fixed base is mounted on the machine body, and a drive motor is mounted on the fixed base. A rotating base is rotatably mounted on the machine body. A workpiece to be tested is placed between the fixed base and the rotating base. A clamping component for holding the workpiece to be tested is mounted on the fixed base. A heating component for heating the workpiece to be tested is mounted on the machine body. The rolling friction testing components include three testing rollers rotatably mounted on the machine body, and the sliding friction testing components include testing blocks located at both ends of the workpiece to be tested. This application is effective in detecting the wear resistance of the end faces and sides of the workpiece during actual use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of casting inspection, and in particular to a casting surface roughness inspection device and inspection process. Background Technology

[0002] Castings are widely used in energy, automobile manufacturing, agricultural machinery, mining machinery, engineering equipment and medical equipment. As a key quality indicator, the surface roughness of castings directly affects the wear resistance, sealing performance and fatigue strength of the product, and plays a decisive role in the control of casting production process.

[0003] Currently, surface roughness testing is mainly divided into two categories: contact and non-contact. Contact testing, represented by stylus profilometers, primarily uses a diamond probe to record height changes across the surface. It offers high measurement accuracy but may scratch the material surface and has a slow measurement speed. In non-contact testing, optical interferometers utilize interference analysis to analyze surface morphology, offering advantages such as non-contact measurement, high speed, and real-time imaging. However, it is limited by surface emissivity and has a higher equipment cost. Laser scanners calculate height differences by scanning the surface with a laser beam, but their detection accuracy is limited by the laser wavelength.

[0004] In actual use, castings exhibit both rolling friction and sliding friction. Examples include printing cylinders and offset printing cylinders. When using a stylus profilometer for roughness testing, technicians need to perform secondary clamping and fixation after inspecting the end face of the part to be tested, and then inspect the side face of the part again. Existing technology can only reflect the roughness of a portion of the part to be tested and cannot reflect the wear resistance of the part during actual use. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to improve the problem that existing technologies cannot detect the surface roughness of the test part during actual use, this application provides a surface roughness testing device and testing process for castings.

[0006] The surface roughness testing equipment and testing process for castings provided in this application adopt the following technical solution:

[0007] A surface roughness testing device for castings includes a body, on which rolling friction testing components and sliding friction testing components are slidably disposed. A fixed base is provided on the body, and a drive motor is also provided on the body. A drive wheel is located at the output end of the drive motor. A driven wheel is located on the fixed base, and a belt connects the drive wheel and the driven wheel. A rotating base is rotatably disposed on the body, and a workpiece to be tested is placed between the fixed base and the rotating base. A clamping component for holding the workpiece to be tested is provided on the fixed base, and a heating component for heating the workpiece to be tested is provided on the body.

[0008] The rolling friction detection assembly includes three detection rollers rotatably mounted on the machine body. The three detection rollers are evenly spaced along the length of the machine body. The sidewalls of the detection rollers are movably fitted with the sidewalls of the workpiece to be tested. The machine body is provided with a mounting frame, and the detection rollers are mounted on the mounting frame. The end face of the detection rollers is provided with a side detection element for displaying the roughness of the sidewall of the workpiece to be tested. The machine body is provided with a moving element for driving the mounting frame.

[0009] The sliding friction detection assembly includes detection blocks symmetrically arranged on both sides of the body. A movable plate is slidably arranged on the body. Two detection blocks are respectively disposed at both ends of the movable plate. The two detection blocks are movably attached to the two end faces of the workpiece to be tested. The body is provided with end face detection components for displaying the temperature of the detection blocks. The body is also provided with driving components for driving the detection blocks to move.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, when testing the test piece, both ends of the test piece are placed on a fixed base and a rotating base, and the test piece is fixed by a clamping component. During testing, the drive motor drives the drive wheel to rotate, the drive wheel drives the driven wheel to rotate via a belt, the driven wheel drives the clamping component to rotate, thereby driving the test piece to rotate. Before testing the test piece, the side test piece and the end test piece are calibrated using standard parts.

[0011] When inspecting the side of the workpiece, the moving component drives the mounting frame to move along the width of the machine body, and the inspection roller on the mounting frame abuts against the side of the workpiece. The drive motor drives the workpiece to rotate, and the rotation of the workpiece drives the inspection roller to rotate. The three inspection rollers correspond to different areas of the workpiece. When the roughness on the workpiece changes, the friction between the workpiece and the inspection roller changes, which causes the rotation speed of the inspection roller to fluctuate. The side inspection component indirectly identifies the roughness of the side of the workpiece by identifying the change in the centrifugal force of the inspection roller.

[0012] When inspecting the end face of the test piece, the drive unit drives two detection blocks to abut against the two end faces of the test piece respectively. When the drive motor drives the test piece to rotate, the detection blocks rub against the end face of the test piece and generate heat. The end face detection unit indirectly judges the roughness of the end face of the test piece by identifying the temperature change on the detection blocks.

[0013] In actual use, a temperature difference will occur between the two ends and the middle of the part under test. This temperature will affect the roughness of the side surface of the part under test, leading to printing problems such as blurry ink on paper or other flexible materials during printing. The heating element on the machine body heats the part under test, fully simulating the effect of temperature on the roughness of the part under test during actual use. At the same time, because the end of the part under test may get stuck during actual use, the local temperature of the side surface of the part under test will rise, thus affecting the roughness of the side surface. Therefore, it is necessary to simultaneously detect the roughness of the end face and the side surface of the part under test. This device fully simulates the roughness of the part under test during actual use, thereby determining whether the roughness of the part under test meets the production requirements.

[0014] Optionally, the side detection component includes a detection disk disposed on the end face of the detection roller, a slider that slides along the diameter direction and is elastically disposed on the detection disk, guide rails are disposed on both sides of the mounting frame, a scale plate is slidably disposed on the guide rails, a rotating block is disposed on the guide rails, a transmission rod is disposed on the mounting frame, and the two ends of the transmission rod are respectively rotatably disposed on the slider and the rotating block, and the rotating block is movably fitted with the scale plate.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, when detecting the surface roughness of the workpiece, the workpiece drives the detection roller to rotate, and the detection disk set at the end of the detection roller rotates with the detection roller. If the surface roughness of the workpiece is greater than that of the standard workpiece, the friction between the detection roller and the workpiece increases, resulting in an increase in the angular velocity of the detection roller. This causes the centrifugal force on the slider on the detection disk to increase, and the slider moves away from the center of the detection disk. The slider drives the transmission rod to move, and causes the rotating block to reciprocate along the guide rail. The movement of the slider increases the range of the rotating block's movement along the guide rail, and the rotating block pushes the scale plate a certain distance. The difference between the roughness of the workpiece and the standard workpiece can be judged based on the distance the scale plate moves. If the distance the scale plate moves when the workpiece is tested exceeds the distance the scale plate moves when the standard workpiece is tested, it indicates that the surface roughness of the workpiece does not meet the usage requirements.

[0016] Optionally, the moving component includes a first cylinder disposed on the machine body, an mounting plate slidably disposed on the machine body, the moving direction of the mounting plate being parallel to the width direction of the machine body, a first pressure sensor being disposed at the connection between the detection roller and the mounting plate, and the first pressure sensor being electrically connected to the first cylinder.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, after the workpiece to be tested is placed on the fixed base and the rotating base, the first cylinder is activated. The first cylinder drives the mounting plate to move along the width direction of the machine body, and makes the side of the detection roller abut against the side of the workpiece to be tested. After the pressure between the detection roller and the workpiece to be tested reaches the set value, the extension end of the cylinder stops extending, so that the initial pressure between the detection roller and the workpiece to be tested is constant, reducing the slippage of the detection roller during rotation. Furthermore, the friction between the detection roller and the workpiece to be tested can be changed by adjusting the pressure between them, thereby changing the accuracy of the detection roller in detecting the surface roughness of the workpiece to be tested.

[0018] Optionally, the mounting plate is provided with a lead screw and a fixing rod, the fixing rod passing through the mounting bracket. A motor is provided on the mounting plate, the output end of the motor being coaxially fixed to the end of the lead screw. The lead screw is provided with a left-hand helical segment, a right-hand helical segment, and a smooth segment. Three mounting plates are respectively provided on the left-hand helical segment, the right-hand helical segment, and the smooth segment. The smooth segment is located between the left-hand helical segment and the right-hand helical segment. The mounting brackets located on the left-hand helical segment and the right-hand helical segment are slidably mounted on the fixing rod, and the mounting brackets located on the smooth segment are fixed to the fixing plate.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, when testing parts of different specifications and sizes, the motor rotates and drives the lead screw to rotate, so that the mounting brackets on both sides of the smooth section move back and forth by the same distance, and the mounting brackets on the smooth section do not move relative to each other. This makes the three mounting brackets evenly distributed on the lead screw and adapted to the size of the parts to be tested, thus improving the adaptability of the device.

[0020] Optionally, the end face detection component is a heat-conducting box disposed on the side wall of the detection block. A first heat-insulating plate and a second heat-insulating plate are spaced apart inside the heat-conducting box. A first sealing plate is slidably disposed on the first heat-insulating plate. A first detection cavity is formed between the first heat-insulating plate, the first sealing plate, and the inner wall of the heat-conducting box. A first observation cavity is formed between the first heat-insulating plate and the inner wall of the heat-conducting box. The first detection cavity is connected to the first observation cavity. A second sealing plate is slidably disposed on the second heat-insulating plate. A second detection cavity is formed between the second sealing plate, the first sealing plate, the second heat-insulating plate, and the inner wall of the heat-conducting box. A second observation cavity is formed between the first heat-insulating plate, the second heat-insulating plate, and the first sealing plate. The second observation cavity is connected to the second detection cavity. A third observation cavity is formed between the second sealing plate, the second heat-insulating plate, and the inner wall of the heat-conducting box. Indicator plates are slidably disposed in the first, second, and third observation cavities. The heat-conducting box is filled with inert gas. The end face detection component also includes an adjusting component for adjusting the sealing plate.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the adjusting component can adjust the position of the first sealing plate and the second sealing plate in the heat conduction box, thereby changing the overall size of the first detection cavity, the second detection cavity and the third observation cavity. It can also divide the end face of the test piece into different detection areas according to the size of the first detection cavity, the second detection cavity and the third observation cavity, so that the size of the heat conduction box matches the end face of the test piece, thereby detecting different areas on the end face of test pieces of different sizes, improving the adaptability of the device.

[0022] When inspecting the end face of the workpiece, the detection block abuts against the end face of the workpiece, and the workpiece rotates and rubs against the detection block. Since the roughness of the end face of the workpiece is different, the heat generated in different areas of the end face of the workpiece is also different. The detection block introduces the heat generated into the first detection chamber, the second detection chamber and the third observation chamber respectively. The gas inside expands due to heat and pushes the indicator plates located in the first observation chamber, the second observation chamber and the third observation chamber to move. Within a certain period of time, by observing the distance moved by the indicator plate and comparing it with the calibration value, if the distance moved by the corresponding indicator plate is greater than the calibration value, it indicates that the roughness of that area of ​​the end face of the workpiece is large and does not meet the requirements, thus judging the roughness of different areas of the end face of the workpiece.

[0023] Since the roughness of different areas at the end of the test piece is different, if a temperature sensor is set to identify the temperature change on the detection block, it cannot identify the temperature of different areas on the end face of the test piece. If multiple temperature sensors are set to identify the temperature of different areas on the detection block, different sizes of detection blocks need to be replaced for test pieces with different end face sizes, which is cumbersome and has a high manufacturing cost.

[0024] Optionally, the adjusting component is an adjusting rod rotatably mounted inside the heat conduction box, the first sealing plate and the second sealing plate are threadedly connected to the adjusting rod, an adjusting wheel is rotatably mounted on the heat conduction box, and the adjusting rod passes through the heat conduction box and is connected to the adjusting wheel.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, rotating the adjusting wheel causes the adjusting rod to rotate, which in turn causes the sealing plate to move within the heat-conducting box, thereby changing the position of the sealing plate within the heat-conducting box and adapting the first detection chamber, the second detection chamber, and the third observation chamber to test pieces of different sizes.

[0026] Optionally, the driving component includes an electric telescopic rod disposed at both ends of the movable plate, a receiving plate slidably disposed on the movable plate, a detection block disposed on the receiving plate, the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod disposed on the receiving plate, a second cylinder disposed on the machine body, the telescopic end of the second cylinder disposed on the movable plate, a second pressure sensor disposed on the receiving plate, and the second pressure sensor electrically connected to the electric telescopic rod.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the second cylinder is activated, which drives the moving plate to move and makes the detection block face the end face of the workpiece to be tested. The electric telescopic rod is activated, which drives the receiving plate to move on the moving plate and makes the detection block abut against the end face of the workpiece to be tested. The initial pressure between the detection block and the end face of the workpiece to be tested is constant. The pressure sensor fixes the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod, reducing the movement of the detection block when the workpiece to be tested rotates.

[0028] Optionally, the machine body is provided with a baffle plate, and the heating element is a heating plate disposed between adjacent baffle plates.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, the test piece needs to be heated during actual use to improve the uniformity of ink on the test piece. Since the temperature in the middle of the test piece is higher than that at both ends during use, the heating plate can heat different areas on the side of the test piece. The barrier plate reduces the heat interference between adjacent heating plates, simulating the effect of temperature on the roughness of different areas during the actual use of the test piece. It can also simulate the local temperature rise caused by the end face jamming during the use of the test piece, causing changes in the roughness of the side of the test piece, thereby analyzing the roughness of the test piece under different conditions.

[0030] Optionally, the clamping component includes a clamping shaft rotatably mounted on the machine body, with its two ends rotatably mounted on the fixed base and the rotating base, respectively. The driven wheel is mounted on the end of the clamping shaft, and the workpiece to be tested is sleeved on the clamping shaft. A rotating rod is threadedly connected to the machine body, and a handle is provided at the end of the rotating rod. The rotating base is rotatably mounted on the rotating rod.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, the handle is turned so that the rotating rod moves a certain distance out of the machine body, and then the rotating base is moved so that the rotating base is disengaged from the clamping shaft. The rotating base is then rotated along the rotating rod, and the workpiece to be tested is then placed on the clamping shaft so that the clamping wheel is fixed on the clamping shaft. The rotating base is then rotated again so that the rotating base is aligned with the clamping shaft. The rotating base is then moved so that the clamping shaft is inserted into the rotating base. Finally, the handle is turned so that the rotating rod fixes the rotating base to the machine body, thus completing the fixation of the workpiece to be tested.

[0032] A process for detecting the surface roughness of castings includes the following steps:

[0033] S1. Before testing the part to be tested, first use standard parts to calibrate the side test part and the end test part, then put the part to be tested on the clamping shaft and fix the part to be tested by the clamping wheels.

[0034] S2. When detecting the side roughness of the workpiece, the detection roller abuts against the side of the workpiece, and the roughness of the side of the workpiece is determined by the side detection component.

[0035] If the scale plate does not move, it indicates that the roughness of the area meets the requirements;

[0036] If the scale plate moves, it indicates that the roughness of that area does not meet the requirements. The distance the scale plate moves represents the roughness of the side of the workpiece being measured. The longer the distance, the worse the roughness.

[0037] S3. When detecting the roughness of the end face of the workpiece, the detection block abuts against the end face of the workpiece, and the roughness of the end face of the workpiece is determined by the end face detection piece.

[0038] If the scale plate does not move beyond the calibrated value after the test piece has been rotated for a certain period of time, it indicates that the surface roughness of the test piece meets the requirements.

[0039] If the scale plate moves a distance exceeding the calibration value, it indicates that the roughness of the area to be measured does not meet the requirements, and the greater the measured value exceeds the calibration value, the worse the roughness of the end face of the part to be measured.

[0040] Steps S4, S2, and S3 are performed simultaneously to simulate a jamming phenomenon on the end face of the test piece, which causes a partial temperature rise on the side of the test piece and affects the surface roughness of the arc.

[0041] By adopting the above technical solution, the inspection roller can detect the side roughness of the part to be tested, the inspection block can detect the end face of the part to be tested, and can simulate the roughness of the end face and side of the part to be tested during actual use.

[0042] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0043] 1. When inspecting the roughness of the side surface of the workpiece, the first cylinder is activated, which moves the mounting plate and causes the three inspection rollers on the mounting plate to contact different areas of the side surface of the workpiece. The workpiece rotates, causing the inspection rollers to rotate. When the roughness of the side surface of the workpiece is different, the angular velocity of the inspection rollers changes, the centrifugal force on the slider changes, and the scale plate moves. By comparing with the calibration value, the roughness of the side surface of the workpiece is determined, which fully simulates the rolling friction force on the side surface of the workpiece during actual use. The inspection is carried out on different areas of the side surface of the workpiece, thus fully simulating the effect of different temperatures on the side surface of the workpiece.

[0044] 2. When inspecting the roughness of the end face of the workpiece, the second cylinder is activated, which moves the moving plate and the electric telescopic rod. The electric telescopic rod moves the two detectors to abut against the two end faces of the workpiece. The workpiece rotates and rubs against the detector blocks. The detector blocks transfer heat to the first detection chamber, the second detection chamber, and the third observation chamber, causing the gas inside to expand due to heat and push the indicator plate to move. By observing the value corresponding to the indicator plate and comparing it with the calibration value, the roughness of different areas of the end face of the workpiece can be determined.

[0045] 3. When testing the end face and side surface of the test piece simultaneously, a heating plate is used to heat different areas of the test piece to simulate the actual use process. Due to the uneven roughness of the end face of the test piece and the occurrence of jamming, the end of the test piece heats up and the heat is transferred to the side surface of the test piece, thereby analyzing the influence of the roughness of the end face of the test piece on the roughness of the side surface. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure from another perspective of an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a top view of an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the internal structure of the heat transfer box in an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 5 This application Figure 4 A top-view structural diagram;

[0051] Figure 6 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the side detection component used in the embodiments of this application.

[0052] Reference numerals: 1. Machine body; 21. Fixed base; 22. Rotating base; 23. Drive motor; 24. Drive wheel; 25. Driven wheel; 26. Belt; 31. Clamping shaft; 32. Rotating rod; 33. Handle; 41. Detection roller; 42. Mounting bracket; 43. Side detection component; 431. Detection disc; 432. Slider; 433. Guide rail; 434. Transmission rod; 435. Rotating block; 436. Scale plate; 441. First cylinder; 442. Mounting plate; 443. Fixed rod; 444. First pressure sensor; 45. Lead screw; 451. Left helical section; 452. Right helical section; 4 53. Smooth section; 46. Motor; 51. Detection block; 52. Moving plate; 53. Heat conduction box; 531. First heat insulation plate; 532. Second heat insulation plate; 533. First sealing plate; 534. Second sealing plate; 535. First detection chamber; 536. Second detection chamber; 537. First observation chamber; 538. Second observation chamber; 539. Third observation chamber; 541. Electric telescopic rod; 542. Receiving plate; 543. Second cylinder; 544. Second pressure sensor; 55. Adjusting component; 551. Adjusting rod; 552. Adjusting wheel; 56. Indicator plate; 61. Heating plate; 62. Barrier plate. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-6 This application will be described in further detail.

[0054] This application discloses a surface roughness testing device for castings. (Refer to...) Figure 1-3 The surface roughness testing equipment for castings includes a body 1, on which a controller is mounted. This controller can be a microcontroller, programmable controller, etc. A fixed base 21 and a rotating base 22 are mounted on the body 1 along its length. A drive motor 23 is fixedly connected to the fixed base 21. The part to be tested is placed between the fixed base 21 and the rotating base 22. The length of the body 1 is parallel to the rotation axis of the part to be tested. A clamping component for fixing the part to be tested is mounted on the fixed base 21. The clamping component includes a clamping shaft 31 rotatably mounted on the fixed base 21. This clamping shaft 31 is an air shaft. A driven wheel 25 is coaxially fixed to one end of the clamping shaft 31. The drive motor 23 is mounted on the body 1. A driving wheel 24 is coaxially fixed to the output end of the drive motor 23. The driving wheel 24 and... The driven wheels 25 are all belt pulleys 26, and a belt 26 is provided between the driving wheel 24 and the driven wheels 25. A rotating rod 32 is threadedly connected to the machine body 1, and a rotating base 22 is rotatably mounted on the rotating rod 32. A handle 33 is fixedly connected to the end of the rotating rod 32, and the other end of the clamping shaft 31 is rotatably mounted on the rotating base 22. The machine body 1 is provided with three heating zones, and adjacent heating zones are insulated by a barrier plate 62 to reduce the influence between adjacent heating zones. The machine body 1 is provided with a heating element for heating the test piece. The heating element is a temperature-controlled heating plate 61 that is set in the three heating zones respectively. The three temperature-controlled heating plates 61 are evenly spaced along the length of the machine body 1. The temperature-controlled heating plates 61 are electrically connected to the controller. The machine body 1 is provided with a rolling friction detection component and a sliding friction detection component.

[0055] The rolling friction detection assembly includes three detection rollers 41 evenly spaced along the length of the machine body 1. The side of the detection rollers 41 is movably attached to the side to be tested. The machine body 1 is provided with a moving part for driving the detection rollers 41 to move.

[0056] The moving parts include a mounting plate 442 slidably mounted on the machine body 1. A first cylinder 441 is mounted on the machine body 1, with its extension end fixed to the mounting plate 442. A slide rail is mounted on the machine body 1, and a groove adapted to the slide rail is formed on the mounting plate 442. A first pressure sensor 444 is installed at the connection between the first cylinder 441 and the mounting plate 442, and is electrically connected to a controller. A lead screw 45 is rotatably mounted on the mounting plate 442, and the lead screw 45 has a left helical section 451, a right helical section 452, and a smooth section 453. A motor 46 is mounted on the mounting plate 442, and the output end of the motor 46 is coaxially fixed to the lead screw 45. Three mounting brackets 42 are... The mounting brackets 42 on the left helical section 451, right helical section 452, and smooth section 453 are respectively set on the left helical section 451 and right helical section 452. The mounting brackets 42 on the left helical section 451 and right helical section 452 are threadedly connected to the lead screw 45. The mounting brackets 42 on the smooth section 453 pass through the lead screw 45. The mounting plate 442 on the left helical section 451 and right helical section 452 are slidably set on the fixed rod 443. The mounting plate 442 on the smooth section 453 is fixed on the fixed rod 443. The detection roller 41 is rotatably set on the mounting bracket 42. The end of the detection roller 41 is provided with a side detection element 43 for displaying the side roughness of the workpiece.

[0057] The sliding friction detection assembly includes a movable plate 52 slidably mounted on the body 1. Detection blocks 51 are slidably mounted on both ends of the movable plate 52. The material of the detection blocks 51 can be copper, silver, aluminum, gold, graphene, beryllium oxide ceramic, aluminum nitride, etc. The two detection blocks 51 are movably attached to the two end faces of the workpiece to be tested. The movable plate 52 is provided with a driving component for driving the detection blocks 51 to move. The body 1 is provided with an end face detection component for displaying the temperature of the detection blocks 51.

[0058] The driving component is a second cylinder 543 mounted on the machine body 1. The telescopic end of the second cylinder 543 is fixedly connected to the moving plate 52. The moving plate 52 is also provided with a sliding groove. The machine body 1 is also provided with a slide rail that matches the sliding groove. The moving plate 52 is also provided with a slide rail. The two ends of the moving plate 52 are slidably provided with a receiving plate 542 that matches the slide rail. The two ends of the moving plate 52 are fixedly connected with an electric telescopic rod 541. The telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod 541 is fixedly connected to the receiving plate 542. The detection block 51 is mounted on the receiving plate 542. The receiving plate 542 is provided with an end face detection element for displaying the temperature of the detection block 51.

[0059] During actual use, some heat from both ends of the test piece is absorbed by the lubricating oil on the bearings, and some heat is also transferred through the frame, causing the temperature at both ends of the test piece to be lower than that in the middle, thus reducing the printing quality. Therefore, the rolling friction detection assembly is equipped with three detection rollers 41, which detect different areas on the side of the test piece respectively. In actual use, the end face of the test piece may experience jamming, causing localized heating at the end of the test piece and transferring the heat to the side of the test piece, thus reducing the printing effect. At the same time, the roughness of the end face of the test piece will cause vibration of the test piece, thus affecting the printing effect. Therefore, it is necessary to simultaneously detect the roughness of the end face and the side of the test piece to analyze the interaction between the two on the printing effect.

[0060] Before testing the part to be tested, the side inspection part 43 and the end inspection part are calibrated using standard parts. When testing the part to be tested, first turn the handle 33 to rotate the rotating rod 32 a certain distance, then move the rotating base 22 to separate the clamping shaft 31 from the rotating base 22, and rotate the rotating base 22. Then, place the part to be tested on the clamping shaft 31, adjust the position of the part to be tested on the clamping shaft 31 so that the part to be tested is in the middle position of the clamping shaft 31, and inflate the clamping shaft 31 to fix the part to be tested on the clamping shaft 31. Rotate the rotating base 22 again and insert the clamping shaft 31 into the rotating base 22. Twist the handle 33 to fix the rotating rod 32 on the machine body 1, thereby fixing the rotating base 22 to the machine body 1. The temperature of the heating plate 61 is set by the controller, and the temperature of different heating zones is adjusted to fully simulate the roughness change of the part to be tested during actual use.

[0061] The motor 46 is started, and its rotation drives the lead screw 45 to rotate. The left helical section 451 and the right helical section 452 on the lead screw 45 cause the mounting brackets 42 on both sides of the lead screw 45 to move away from each other. The mounting bracket 42 on the smooth section 453 is fixed to the fixed rod 443, so that the position of the mounting bracket 42 on the smooth section 453 does not change, thereby detecting the test pieces of different sizes. After the distance between the detection rollers 41 is adapted to the length of the test piece, the first cylinder 441 is started. The first cylinder 441 extends and drives the mounting plate 442 to move along the slide rail, and makes the detection rollers 41 contact the side of the test piece. After the pressure value between the detection rollers 41 and the test piece reaches the value preset by the first pressure sensor 444, the controller controls the first cylinder 441 to stop extending and retracting, so that the initial pressure between the detection rollers 41 and the test piece remains constant.

[0062] The second cylinder 543 is activated, and its telescopic end extends, causing the moving plate 52 to move along the slide rail. This causes the detection block 51 to be inserted between the fixed base 21, the rotating base 22, and the end face of the workpiece to be tested. The electric telescopic rod 541 is activated, and its telescopic end extends, causing the receiving plate 542 to move along the moving plate 52. This causes the detection block 51 to come into contact with the end face of the workpiece to be tested, and the pressure between the detection block 51 and the workpiece to be tested reaches the value preset by the second pressure sensor 544.

[0063] The drive motor 23 is started, which drives the drive wheel 24 to rotate. The drive wheel 24 drives the driven wheel 25 to rotate via the belt 26. The driven wheel 25 drives the clamping shaft 31 to rotate, which in turn drives the workpiece to rotate. Friction occurs between the side of the workpiece and the detection roller 41, causing the detection roller 41 to rotate. When the roughness of the side of the workpiece is greater than that of the standard part, the friction force on the detection roller 41 increases, the rotation speed of the detection roller 41 decreases, and the centrifugal force on the detection roller 41 decreases accordingly. By observing the side detection piece 43, the roughness of the side of the workpiece can be indirectly determined. At the same time, friction occurs between the detection block 51 and the end of the workpiece. Since the roughness of the workpiece varies, the heat generated by friction also varies. By observing the end face detection piece, the heat transferred by the detection block 51 can be determined, thereby indirectly determining the roughness of different areas of the end face. Compared with the existing technology for testing castings, this device effectively simulates the rolling and sliding friction experienced by the workpiece in actual use, and effectively detects the wear resistance of the workpiece in actual use.

[0064] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 The side detection component 43 includes a detection disk 431 fixed to the end face of the detection roller 41. A detection groove is formed along the radius on the end face of the detection disk 431. A spring is fixed in the detection groove. A slider 432 is fixed to one end of the spring. A guide rail 433 is fixed on the mounting frame 42. A rotating block 435 is slidably arranged on the guide rail 433. A transmission rod 434 is arranged on the mounting frame 42. The two ends of the transmission rod 434 are rotatably arranged on the slider 432 and the rotating block 435, respectively. A scale plate 436 is arranged on the guide rail 433. The rotating block 435 is movably engaged with the scale plate 436. The moving direction of the scale plate 436 is parallel to the width direction of the machine body 1. Since the test piece needs to be heated during the detection process, and the detection roller 41 will vibrate when detecting the side roughness of the test piece, the torque sensor has a short service life under high temperature and vibration conditions. Therefore, this device does not set a torque sensor to identify the torque of the detection roller 41 and determine the side friction of the test piece.

[0065] The detection roller 41 rotates, driving the detection disk 431 to rotate. The slider 432 on the end of the detection disk 431 rotates with the detection disk 431. The slider 432 rotates, driving the transmission rod 434 to rotate. The transmission rod 434 drives the rotating block 435 to move back and forth on the guide rail 433. The rotating block 435 pushes the scale plate 436 to move on the guide rail 433. When the roughness of the side surface of the workpiece to be tested is greater than that of the side surface of the standard workpiece, the friction force on the detection roller 41 increases, the rotational speed of the detection roller 41 increases, and the angular velocity of the detection roller 41 increases accordingly. The centrifugal force on the slider 432 increases, which in turn lengthens the spring and increases the radius of rotation of the slider 432. This increases the range of movement of the rotating block 435 on the guide rail 433. At this time, the detected value is greater than the standard value. The greater the difference between the detected value and the standard value, the greater the roughness of the side surface of the test piece. If the scale plate 436 does not move, the roughness of the side surface of the test piece meets the requirements. By observing the scale on the guide rail 433 corresponding to the scale plate 436, the roughness of the side surface of the test piece can be observed in real time during the test.

[0066] Reference Figure 2-5 The end face detection component includes a heat-conducting box 53 disposed on the side wall of the detection block 51. A first heat-insulating plate 531 and a second heat-insulating plate 532 are fixedly connected at intervals within the heat-conducting box 53. The first heat-insulating plate 531 and the second heat-insulating plate 532 are parallel to each other, and the length of the first heat-insulating plate 531 is greater than that of the second heat-insulating plate 532. A first sealing plate 533 is slidably disposed on the first heat-insulating plate 531, and the first sealing plate 533 is perpendicular to the first heat-insulating plate 531. The first heat-insulating plate 531, the first sealing plate 533, and the inner wall of the heat-conducting box 53 form a first detection cavity 535. The first heat-insulating plate 531 and the inner wall of the heat-conducting box 53 form a first observation cavity 537. The first detection cavity 535 and the first observation cavity 537 are connected. A second sealing plate 534 is slidably disposed on the second heat-insulating plate 532. A second detection cavity 536 is formed by a sealing plate 533, a second sealing plate 534, a second heat insulation plate 532, and the inner wall of a heat conduction box 53. A second observation cavity 538 is formed by a first heat insulation plate 531, a second heat insulation plate 532, and the inner wall of a heat conduction box 53. The second observation cavity 538 and the second detection cavity 536 are connected. A third observation cavity 539 is formed by a second heat insulation plate 532, a second sealing plate 534, and the inner wall of a heat conduction box 53. An indicator plate 56 is slidably arranged in each of the first observation cavity 537, the second observation cavity 538, and the third observation cavity 539. A transparent observation plate is provided on the inner wall of each of the first observation cavity 537, the second observation cavity 538, and the third observation cavity 539. The observation plate can be a vacuum transparent double-layer glass plate. The heat conduction box 53 is provided with a scale on the side wall of the observation plate.

[0067] The adjusting component 55 is an adjusting rod 551 that rotatably sets the heat conduction box 53. The first sealing plate 533 and the second sealing plate 534 are threadedly connected to the adjusting rod 551. An adjusting wheel 552 is rotatably set on the heat conduction box 53. One end of the adjusting rod 551 passes through the heat conduction box 53 and is connected to the adjusting wheel 552. The first heat insulation plate 531, the second heat insulation plate 532, the first sealing plate 533, the second sealing plate 534 and the heat conduction box 53 are made of the same material, and can be vacuum insulation board, ceramic fiber, expanded polystyrene board, etc. The heat conduction box 53 is filled with an inert gas, such as helium. Sealing rubber layers can be provided on the four side walls of the first sealing plate 533 and the second sealing plate 534. Sealing rings are provided at the connection points of the adjusting rod 551 with the first sealing plate 533, the second sealing plate 534 and the heat conduction box 53.

[0068] Since the roughness of different areas of the end face of the test piece is different, the temperature of different areas of the detection block 51 is also different. Using a temperature sensor to directly identify the temperature on the detection block 51 cannot reflect the different temperatures of different areas of the end face of the test piece. If multiple temperature sensors are used to detect the temperature of different areas of the detection block 51, it is not conducive to the detection of test pieces with different end face sizes, and the manufacturing cost is high.

[0069] When the detection block 51 detects the end face of the workpiece, friction occurs between the detection block 51 and the end face of the workpiece. The detection block 51 transfers heat to the first detection chamber 535, the second detection chamber 536, and the third observation chamber 539. The gas inside expands due to heat and pushes the indicator plate 56 in the first observation chamber 537, the second observation chamber 538, and the third observation chamber 539 to move. Since the roughness of the end face of the workpiece is different, the heat generated by the detection block 51 per unit time is also different. When detecting the end face of the workpiece, it is determined whether the distance moved by the indicator plate 56 exceeds the calibration value within a certain period of time. This indicates whether the roughness of the end face of the workpiece meets the requirements. The greater the observed value exceeds the calibration, the greater the roughness of the area.

[0070] Since the roughness of different areas of the end face of the test piece is different, the end face of the test piece can be divided into outer detection area, middle detection area and inner detection area according to different diameters, and correspond one-to-one with the third observation cavity 539, the second detection cavity 536 and the first detection cavity 535 respectively. When testing test pieces of different sizes, the adjusting wheel 552 can be turned, the adjusting rod 551 rotates and drives the first sealing plate 533 and the second sealing plate 534 to move in the heat conduction box 53, thereby changing the size of the first detection cavity 535, the second detection cavity 536 and the third observation cavity 539 to correspond to the end face size of the test piece, and recalibrate to determine the calibration value of the test cavities of different sizes.

[0071] The implementation principle of the surface roughness testing equipment and testing process for castings in this application embodiment is as follows: When testing the roughness of the side surface of the part to be tested, the side surface of the testing roller 41 abuts against the side surface of the part to be tested. The part to be tested rotates and drives the testing roller 41 to rotate through friction. If the roughness of the side surface of the part to be tested is different, the angular velocity of the testing roller 41 changes, and the centrifugal force on the slider 432 on the end face of the testing roller 41 changes at the same time, thereby causing the moving distance of the scale plate 436 to change. The roughness of the side surface of the part to be tested is determined by observing the moving distance of the scale plate 436.

[0072] When the roughness of the end face of the workpiece is tested, the detection block 51 abuts against the end face of the workpiece. The workpiece rotates and rubs against the detection block 51, generating heat. The detection block 51 transfers the heat to the first detection chamber 535, the second detection chamber 536, and the third observation chamber 539, causing the gas inside to expand due to heat. This expands the gas inside the first observation chamber 537, the second observation chamber 538, and the third observation chamber, causing the indicator plates 56 inside to move. By comparing the observed value with the calibrated value, the roughness of the end face of the workpiece is determined. If the observed value is greater than the calibrated value, it indicates that the roughness of the workpiece does not meet the requirements.

[0073] When it is necessary to simulate the impact of end jamming on printing effect during actual use of the test piece, the roughness of the end face and side face of the test piece is detected simultaneously. By adjusting the temperature of the heating plate 61, the roughness of the end face and side face of the test piece is detected simultaneously, and the influence of the end face roughness on the side face roughness is analyzed.

[0074] This embodiment also discloses a surface roughness detection process for castings, based on a surface roughness detection device for castings, including the following steps:

[0075] S1. Before testing the part to be tested, first use standard parts to calibrate the side inspection part 43 and the end inspection part, then put the part to be tested on the clamping shaft 31 and fix the part to be tested on the clamping shaft 31.

[0076] S2. When detecting the side roughness of the workpiece, the detection roller 41 abuts against the side of the workpiece, and the roughness of the side of the workpiece is determined by the side detection component 43.

[0077] If the scale plate 436 does not move, it indicates that the roughness of this area meets the requirements;

[0078] If the scale plate 436 moves, it indicates that the roughness of that area does not meet the requirements. The distance the scale plate 436 moves represents the roughness of the side of the workpiece being measured. The longer the distance, the worse the roughness.

[0079] S3. When detecting the roughness of the end face of the part to be tested, the detection block 51 abuts against the end face of the part to be tested, and the roughness of the end face of the part to be tested is determined by the end face detection component.

[0080] If the indicator plate 56 moves no more than the calibrated value after the test piece has been rotated for a certain period of time, it indicates that the surface roughness of the test piece meets the requirements.

[0081] If the scale plate 436 moves a distance exceeding the calibration value, it indicates that the roughness of the area to be measured does not meet the requirements, and the greater the measured value exceeds the calibration value, the worse the roughness of the end face of the part to be measured.

[0082] Steps S4, S2, and S3 are performed simultaneously to simulate a jamming phenomenon on the end face of the test piece, which causes a partial temperature rise on the side of the test piece and affects the surface roughness of the arc.

[0083] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A surface roughness testing device for castings, characterized in that: The device includes a body (1), on which a rolling friction detection component and a sliding friction detection component are slidably arranged. A fixed base (21) is provided on the body (1). A drive motor (23) is provided on the body (1). A drive wheel (24) is provided on the output end of the drive motor (23). A driven wheel (25) is provided on the fixed base (21). A belt (26) is provided between the drive wheel (24) and the driven wheel (25). A rotating base (22) is rotatably arranged on the body (1). A test piece is placed between the fixed base (21) and the rotating base (22). A clamping component for clamping the test piece is provided on the fixed base (21). A heating component for heating the test piece is provided on the body (1). The rolling friction detection assembly includes three detection rollers (41) rotatably mounted on the machine body (1). The three detection rollers (41) are evenly spaced along the length of the machine body (1). The sidewalls of the detection rollers (41) are movably attached to the sidewalls of the workpiece to be tested. The machine body (1) is provided with a mounting frame (42). The detection rollers (41) are mounted on the mounting frame (42). The end face of the detection rollers (41) is provided with a side detection element (43) for displaying the roughness of the sidewall of the workpiece to be tested. The machine body (1) is provided with a moving element for driving the mounting frame (42). The side detection component (43) includes a detection disk (431) disposed on the end face of the detection roller (41), a slider (432) is elastically disposed on the detection disk (431) along the diameter direction, a guide rail (433) is disposed on the mounting frame (42), a scale plate (436) is slidably disposed on the guide rail (433), a rotating block (435) is disposed on the guide rail (433), a transmission rod (434) is disposed on the mounting frame (42), and the two ends of the transmission rod (434) are respectively rotatably disposed on the slider (432) and the rotating block (435), and the rotating block (435) is movably fitted with the scale plate (436); The sliding friction detection assembly includes detection blocks (51) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the body (1). A movable plate (52) is slidably arranged on the body (1). The two detection blocks (51) are respectively arranged at both ends of the movable plate (52). The two detection blocks (51) are movably attached to the two end faces of the test piece. The body (1) is provided with end face detection components for displaying the temperature of the detection blocks (51). The body (1) is provided with driving components for driving the detection blocks (51) to move.

2. The surface roughness testing device for castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving part includes a first cylinder (441) disposed on the machine body (1), and a mounting plate (442) is slidably disposed on the machine body (1). The telescopic end of the first cylinder (441) is fixed to the mounting plate (442). The moving direction of the mounting plate (442) is parallel to the width direction of the machine body (1). A first pressure sensor (444) is disposed at the connection between the detection roller (41) and the mounting plate (442). The first pressure sensor (444) is electrically connected to the first cylinder (441).

3. The surface roughness testing device for castings according to claim 2, characterized in that: A lead screw (45) is provided on the mounting plate (442), and a fixing rod (443) is provided on the mounting plate (442). The fixing rod (443) passes through the mounting frame (42). A motor (46) is provided on the mounting plate (442), and the output end of the motor (46) is coaxially fixed to the end of the lead screw (45). The lead screw (45) is provided with a left helical section (451), a right helical section (452), and a smooth section (453). The three mounting plates (442) The mounting brackets (42) are respectively disposed on the left helical segment (451), the right helical segment (452) and the smooth segment (453). The smooth segment (453) is located between the left helical segment (451) and the right helical segment (452). The mounting brackets (42) on the left helical segment (451) and the right helical segment (452) are slidably disposed on the fixed rod (443). The mounting brackets (42) on the smooth segment (453) are fixedly connected to the fixed rod (443).

4. The surface roughness testing device for castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end face detection component is a heat-conducting box (53) disposed on the side wall of the detection block (51). A first heat-insulating plate (531) and a second heat-insulating plate (532) are spaced apart inside the heat-conducting box (53). A first sealing plate (533) is slidably disposed on the first heat-insulating plate (531). A first detection cavity (535) is formed between the first heat-insulating plate (531), the first sealing plate (533), and the inner wall of the heat-conducting box (53). A first observation cavity (537) is formed between the first heat-insulating plate (531) and the inner wall of the heat-conducting box (53). The first detection cavity (535) and the first observation cavity (537) are connected. A second sealing plate (534) is slidably disposed on the second heat-insulating plate (532). The second sealing plate (534) and the first sealing plate (533) are connected. A second detection cavity (536) is formed between the second heat insulation plate (532) and the inner wall of the heat conduction box (53). A second observation cavity (538) is formed between the first heat insulation plate (531), the second heat insulation plate (532), and the first sealing plate (533). The second observation cavity (538) is connected to the second detection cavity (536). A third observation cavity (539) is formed between the second sealing plate (534), the second heat insulation plate (532), and the inner wall of the heat conduction box (53). An indicator plate (56) is slidably arranged in the first observation cavity (537), the second observation cavity (538), and the third observation cavity (539). The heat conduction box (53) is filled with inert gas. The end face detection component also includes an adjusting component (55) for adjusting the sealing plate.

5. The surface roughness testing device for castings according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adjusting component (55) is an adjusting rod (551) rotatably mounted inside the heat conduction box (53). The first sealing plate (533) and the second sealing plate (534) are threadedly connected to the adjusting rod (551). An adjusting wheel (552) is rotatably mounted on the heat conduction box (53). The adjusting rod (551) passes through the heat conduction box (53) and is connected to the adjusting wheel (552).

6. The surface roughness testing device for castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving component includes an electric telescopic rod (541) disposed at both ends of the moving plate (52), a receiving plate (542) slidably disposed on the moving plate (52), a detection block (51) disposed on the receiving plate (542), the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod (541) disposed on the receiving plate (542), a second cylinder (543) disposed on the body (1), the telescopic end of the second cylinder (543) disposed on the moving plate (52), a second pressure sensor (544) disposed on the receiving plate (542), and the second pressure sensor (544) electrically connected to the electric telescopic rod (541).

7. The surface roughness testing device for castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The body (1) is provided with a baffle plate (62), and the heating element is a heating plate (61) provided between adjacent baffle plates (62).

8. The surface roughness testing device for castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping component includes a clamping shaft (31) rotatably mounted on the machine body (1). The two ends of the clamping shaft (31) are rotatably mounted on the fixed base (21) and the rotating base (22), respectively. The driven wheel (25) is mounted on the end of the clamping shaft (31). The test piece is sleeved on the clamping shaft (31). A rotating rod (32) is threadedly connected to the machine body (1). A handle (33) is provided at the end of the rotating rod (32). The rotating base (22) is rotatably mounted on the rotating rod (32).

9. A process for detecting the surface roughness of castings, applicable to the surface roughness detection equipment for castings according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Before testing the test piece, first use standard parts to calibrate the side test piece (43) and the end test piece, then put the test piece on the clamping shaft (31) and fix the test piece on the clamping shaft (31). S2. When detecting the side roughness of the workpiece, the detection roller (41) abuts against the side of the workpiece, and the roughness of the side of the workpiece is determined by the side detection piece (43). If the scale plate (436) does not move, it indicates that the roughness of the area meets the requirements; If the scale plate (436) moves, it indicates that the roughness of the area does not meet the requirements. The distance the scale plate (436) moves represents the roughness of the side of the test piece. The longer the distance, the worse the roughness. S3. When detecting the roughness of the end face of the part to be tested, the detection block (51) abuts against the end face of the part to be tested, and the roughness of the end face of the part to be tested is determined by the end face detection piece. If the distance the scale plate (436) moves does not exceed the calibrated value after the test piece has been rotated for a certain period of time, it indicates that the surface roughness of the test piece meets the requirements. If the distance the scale plate (436) moves exceeds the calibration value, it indicates that the roughness of the area to be measured does not meet the requirements, and the greater the measured value exceeds the calibration value, the worse the roughness of the end face of the part to be measured. Steps S4, S2, and S3 are performed simultaneously to simulate a jamming phenomenon on the end face of the test piece, which causes a partial temperature rise on the side of the test piece and affects the surface roughness of the arc.

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