Suspension head, arrangement with suspension head and support rail, and formwork system

Abstract

The present disclosure describes a suspension head (13) for movably guiding a support rail (12) for a support structure (8) of a formwork (10) for pouring concrete portions projecting laterally from a reference edge (2a) of a building element (2) of a building (1), on which retaining elements are arranged at a distance from one another in a longitudinal direction (x) of the reference edge (2a) along the reference edge (2a), according to the invention, the suspension head (13) can be arranged in a detachably fixed manner on one of the retaining elements such that a load transmitted via the support rail (12) to the support structure (8) of the suspension head (13) can be introduced into the building element (2) of the building (1) via the suspension head (13) and the retaining element, the suspension head (13) is designed to movably guide the support rail (12) in the longitudinal direction (x) in the guided state of the support rail (12), and the suspension head (13) is connected to a frame (21) which defines a guide space (23) for the support rail (12), with an inner contour (22) having a C-or claw-shaped cross-section, with an opening (24) for movably connecting the support rail (12) to the remaining support structure (8), wherein a first bearing element (25) and a second bearing element (26) are arranged on parts of the frame (21), which in each case face the guide space (23), in such a way that the first bearing element (25) can receive a horizontal force component from the support rail (12) and the second bearing element (26) can receive a vertical force component from the support rail (12) and transmit it to the frame (21), when the support rail (12) is guided by the suspension head (13), the first bearing element (25) bears against a first bearing point (25a) on a side of the support rail (12) facing away from the building element (2), the first bearing point (25a) being further from the building element (2) in the horizontal direction than a second bearing point (26a), and the second abutment element (26) bears against the second bearing point (26a) on the support rail. An arrangement of a suspension head (13) with a support rail (12) and a corresponding formwork system are also described.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a suspension head for movably guiding a support track for a support structure for a template, an arrangement of suspension heads with support tracks, and a template system having a support structure for a template, a plurality of suspension heads guided on a retaining element, and support tracks guided in the suspension heads. Background Technology

[0002] When constructing a building, components that project laterally from a reference edge of the building structure (especially cantilever components) can be cast using formwork that can be guided along the reference edge by a supporting structure. The supporting structure is attached to a supporting track, which is held movably in a suspension head arranged on the building structure. As concrete pouring proceeds, the supporting structure moves along the reference edge with the track. The suspension head is reusable and is therefore removed after construction or a construction phase is completed. Such a supporting structure is also called a bottom-running formwork bracket.

[0003] This type of construction technique is commonly used in bridge construction, where the long portions of the structure (especially roads or road substructures) are cast in concrete, often including roads that cantilever to the sides.

[0004] To transfer loads (especially concrete loads on the formwork), additional tie rods are typically used, connecting the formwork brackets to a supporting structure erected on the structure or shell as scaffolding. Each time the formwork brackets are moved, the tie rods must be removed from the supporting structure and reattached in another location. This often also requires the assembly and disassembly of scaffolding components that move with the formwork brackets. Such supporting structures must also be positioned above the structure and typically span its width, thus occupying the same areas where other work frequently needs to be carried out. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One object of the present invention is to enable the manufacture of concrete portions projecting laterally from a reference edge of a building structure, particularly overhanging concrete portions, using movable support structures for formwork. These movable support structures employ suspensions that are stable and rigid, ensuring that all loads are transferred and simultaneously allowing the formwork to be positioned anywhere in the longitudinal direction for pouring. Specifically, one object of the present invention is to find a suspension system that eliminates the need for scaffolding structures or spanning the upper part of the structure to attach tension anchors to absorb concrete loads.

[0006] This task is solved at least in part by a suspension head having the features of claim 1, an arrangement having the features of independent claim 14, and a template system having the features of independent claim 16. Preferred embodiments and advantageous further developments of the invention form the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0007] One aspect of the invention is a suspension head for movably guiding a support track for a support structure used for formwork, particularly in the form of a bottom-moving formwork bracket for pouring concrete portions, particularly overhanging portions, that project laterally from a reference edge of a building structure. The suspension head is configured to be detachably fixed to one of a plurality of retaining elements spaced apart along the reference edge of the building structure in a longitudinal direction, such that the loads of the support structure transmitted to the suspension head via the support track, particularly its own weight and the concrete load of the formwork, can be introduced into the building structure via the suspension head and the retaining elements. The suspension head is also configured to movably guide the support track in a longitudinal direction as it is guided. The suspension head includes a frame defining a guiding space for the support track, having a C-shaped or claw-shaped inner profile in cross-section, wherein openings are provided for movably connecting the support track to the remainder of the support structure. A first and a second adjacent element are arranged on the portion of the frame facing the guide space, such that the first adjacent element can absorb the horizontal force component from the support rail and the second adjacent element can absorb the vertical force component from the support rail and transfer them to the frame. Furthermore, when the support rail is guided by the suspension head, the first adjacent element is adjacent to a first contact point on the side of the support rail facing away from the building structure, the first contact point being further from the building structure in the horizontal direction than a second contact point, and the second adjacent element is adjacent to the support rail at the second contact point.

[0008] In the context of this invention, "movable" can be understood to mean all types of displacement or movement, etc.; in particular, it refers to linear movement along a reference edge. It should be understood that in practice, portions of the formwork bracket can perform several functions and can also structurally overlap. For example, formwork (such as formwork panels) can be configured such that it also contributes to load-bearing capacity, especially when it is securely screwed to the frame. Support rails can be securely welded to the frame or screwed to the frame via connecting elements. For the purposes of this invention, support rails should be understood as part of the support structure. However, for the purposes of this invention, only the portion of the support structure or rail-like component located within the guide space should be understood as the support rail. Openings are provided to allow connecting elements between the support rail and the rest of the support structure (frame) to pass through the suspension head without collision, and are preferably opposite to the building structure. The cross-section of the guide space is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction or perpendicular to the track axis extending parallel to the longitudinal direction. In cases where the first adjacent element is required to absorb the horizontal force component from the support rail and the second adjacent element is required to absorb the vertical force component from the support rail and transfer it to the frame, this includes arrangements where the first adjacent element completely absorbs the horizontal force component and the second adjacent element completely absorbs the vertical force component, as well as arrangements where the first and second adjacent elements are also capable of absorbing another force component in the same or opposite directions. When referring to contact points, this can include designs where each adjacent element has only one contact point on the support rail, and designs where adjacent elements have multiple contact points on the support rail, these contact points being distributed or continuously extended along a line or portion of the surface or the entire surface of the respective adjacent element. In other words, contact points can also have linear or planar extensions. In such cases, the corresponding center point or center of gravity is decisive for comparing the positions of the contact points. The distance from the building structure is preferably measured from the center of gravity or area center of gravity of the building structure, or from the side surface or wall facing the support suspension head or its frame or guide space in the lateral direction, or from a reference edge. The lateral direction corresponds to the horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. In other words, the distance from the building structure corresponds to the horizontal distance from the suspension head to the surface or outline of the building that is closest to it in the lateral direction.

[0009] By arranging adjacent elements on the frame of the suspension head within a single guide space defined by a C-shaped or claw-shaped frame, the frame can be constructed to be particularly compact and possess exceptionally high rigidity, and the support rails can also have a particularly compact, advantageously closed cross-section, and therefore exceptionally high rigidity. Consequently, even under high loads during pouring, the deformation of the system comprised of the suspension head, support rails, and the frame to which they are attached is very small or negligible, and the formwork position can be maintained with high precision. This means that external support structures, i.e., additional structures supporting from the construction site, particularly from above, such as tie rods, which are permanently installed on the structure to specifically absorb concrete loads, can be eliminated. This results in a significant reduction in the equipment, work tools, manpower, and working time required for preparing the construction site and for scaffolding and formwork conversion as construction progresses.

[0010] This invention is advantageously applicable to concrete construction on slender structures, such as bridges. Typically, there is a slender structure, such as a steel channel supported by columns. The central portion of the road is then poured on top of the central portion, and the lateral projections of the road are subsequently poured or poured simultaneously with the central portion. Suspension heads are typically screwed to one edge of the channel or suspended by supports. The supports can be screwed to or welded to the steel channel along a reference edge; they can be removed after pouring, provided they remain accessible, or left on the structure covered by concrete. The suspension heads are removed after pouring. Because scaffolding or similar structures above the structure are eliminated, the top of the structure is free, allowing work to continue there without interruption.

[0011] It should be noted that the structure can also have other shapes and construction methods. For example, the structure along which the reference edge runs and to which the suspension head is attached can also be a solid concrete structure. The application of the invention is not limited to bridges or even slender structures. For example, balconies on buildings can be cast in a similar manner. It is not mandatory for the concrete portion to be cast as a protrusion; rather, the invention is also applicable to situations where concrete portions spanning two transverse structures are cast. In such cases, the supporting structure can be suspended from the two transverse structures by means of a track guided in the suspension head according to the invention.

[0012] The first and second adjacent elements may, for example, have rollers, contact plates, or coatings that abut or accompany the support rail when it is guided by the suspension head. These elements may be detachably attached to the frame for replacement, or they may be non-detachable for wear-free or low-wear operation. Adjacent elements designed as contact plates may have substantially flat or substantially flat convex surfaces (spherical, with a radius of curvature in each direction greater than or much greater than the maximum surface dimension) or generally raised or even recessed contact surfaces. A flat, raised shape ensures a defined contact point that substantially retains its position even when flattened due to pressure deformation or wear. Contact plates may be made of sliding support materials, such as certain plastics, ceramics, sintered metals, etc. Coatings may include sliding layer materials or sacrificial layers. Contact plates or other flat contact elements may also have longitudinally oriented grooves that, for example, prevent adhesion and can also collect dirt generated by wear.

[0013] In some embodiments, the force-absorbing directions of the first and second adjacent elements in the cross-sectional plane may form an angle of at least 30°, 40°, 60°, 75°, or 90° and / or a maximum of 150°, 130°, 115°, or 90° with each other in the cross-sectional plane. In the case of a flat absorbing element, the force-absorbing direction is defined as perpendicular to the surface; in the case of a roller, the force-absorbing direction is defined as radial. An angle greater than 90° (e.g., about 110°) may be advantageous in order to design an opening in the guide space such that there is sufficient space for the connecting element between the support track and the frame of the support structure when the support structure is moved. In practical design, it will be advantageous to weigh the space gained against the possible increase in load on the adjacent elements and / or the frame of the suspension head. Advantageously, the force-absorbing direction of the first adjacent element is horizontal or deviates from horizontal by a maximum of 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, or 45°. The force absorption direction of the second adjacent element can also be vertical or deviate from vertical by a maximum of 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40° or 45°.

[0014] In some embodiments, the frame may have at least a substantially flat side contact surface configured to abut a side surface of the structure when the contact head is secured to one of the retaining elements. This allows the suspension head to be positioned particularly stably within the structure. The frame may have one or more through-holes and / or at least one slot extending through the side contact surface for tightening and / or aligning with the side surface. This allows for easy attachment of the suspension head, for example, when the retaining element is a simple hole in the building structure or has a simple hole in the building structure.

[0015] In another embodiment, the frame may have at least a substantially flat top contact surface configured to abut a downward-facing surface of the building structure when the contact head is secured to one of the retaining elements. This allows the suspension head to be positioned particularly stably against the building structure. The frame may preferably have one or more through-holes and / or at least one elongated through-hole extending through the top contact surface for tightening and / or aligning with the downward-facing surface of the building structure. This enables easy attachment of the suspension head, for example, when the retaining element is a simple hole in the building structure or has a simple hole in the building structure.

[0016] In another embodiment, the frame may have two preferably parallel cheeks spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction, each cheek having at least a substantially vertical inner surface, wherein the inner surfaces of the cheeks face each other and preferably extend at least substantially parallel to each other. The inner surfaces may define a mounting space between the inner surfaces, the mounting space being accessible from above through a mounting opening, and preferably accessible from below, and / or from a side opposite to the building structure, or from below at an angle, through a processing opening. The side panels may be connected to each other by means of intermediate members such as attached plates, profiles, or tubular portions, or by angled portions in the longitudinal direction. Alternatively, the side panels may also be formed integrally.

[0017] In another embodiment, at least one locking element projecting longitudinally from the outer surface of one of the side members may have a locking contact element, particularly in the form of a screw, which can be reversibly applied to the support rail as the suspension head is guided by the support rail. The contact surface of the locking contact element can be applied to the support rail to lock the suspension head to the support rail. By locking the suspension head to the support rail (and vice versa), one or more suspension heads can be transported together with the support rail and / or aligned with each other via the support rail, and then installed together in the building structure by means of retaining elements. After the suspension head is installed in the building structure, the locking element can be released from the support rail to allow the support rail to move relative to the suspension head.

[0018] Advantageously, the locking element portions protrude from the outer surfaces of the cheeks facing away from each other in the longitudinal direction, each having a locking element that can be reversibly applied to the support rail, thereby preferably connecting the two spaced-apart cheeks to each other, and particularly preferably forming them as a single unit. In this way, the support rail can be locked to only one suspension head in a compact design and in a simple, cost-effective manner using two spaced-apart locking elements. The integrated design of the locking elements not only results in high stability of the locking elements themselves, allowing large locking forces to be transmitted to the support rail, but also increases the stability of the suspension head when the locking elements connect the two spaced-apart cheeks to each other as frame elements.

[0019] In some embodiments, the suspension head may have at least one suspension shaft in the longitudinal direction on or between the cheeks, and at least one contact element on or between the cheeks, the at least one contact element being preferably a support shaft in the longitudinal direction, for example by means of a hole in the cheek and a pin or bolt inserted into or passing through the hole. When the support rail is guided by the suspension head, the suspension shaft and the contact element may be arranged between the guide space and the side facing the building structure, or arranged on the side of the cheek facing the building structure. This allows the suspension head to be installed into and attached to the suspension adapter from above without requiring manual intervention at the location of the suspension head and / or the suspension adapter. For example, if the suspension adapter is provided accordingly, the suspension head can be installed into and / or removed from the suspension adapter by means of a crane.

[0020] In some embodiments, each cheek may have a receiving structure disposed on its inner surface, each receiving structure having a downwardly facing receiving surface inclined toward the building structure, an inner boundary surface extending downward from the receiving surface, and an outer boundary surface extending downward from the receiving surface, the inner boundary surface being closer to the building structure than the outer boundary surface. A matching mounting wedge may be provided, the mounting wedge having a shape adapted to the receiving structure, having a first wedge surface and a second wedge surface, a narrow end surface connecting the wedge surfaces at a narrowing end, a wide end surface connecting the wedge surfaces at an enlarging end, and two preferably substantially parallel side surfaces, such that the mounting wedge can be supported on the receiving surface by the first wedge surface, while the second wedge surface faces away from the receiving surface and the narrow end surface may optionally be at least partially supported on the inner boundary surface or the outer boundary surface, while the wide end surface is at least partially supported on the outer boundary surface or the inner boundary surface, and suitably, the side surfaces are held between the inner surfaces of the cheeks facing each other. A through-hole can extend perpendicularly from the second wedge surface to the first wedge surface, and the mounting opening can be configured such that a bolt guided through the through-hole can extend upward through the mounting opening or in an upwardly inclined direction toward the structure, wherein the axis of the through-hole preferably extends through a guide space. The bolt can be guided through the through-hole to connect the suspension head to the retaining element. Depending on the orientation of the narrow and wide end faces, the mounting wedge can allow different orientations of the bolt relative to the frame. In particular, this allows the bolt to extend vertically upward toward the building structure or at an upward angle, for example, generally in the direction of the reference edge.

[0021] In some embodiments, a suspension adapter may be provided, capable of being fastened between the cheeks on the frame, and having a contact element having a contact surface and a through hole extending perpendicularly from the contact surface, wherein the contact element is configured such that a bolt guided from below through the through hole can extend upward through the mounting opening or in an upwardly inclined direction toward the building structure, wherein the axis of the through hole preferably oriented through a guide space. Such a suspension adapter is another possibility for connecting a suspension head to a retaining element.

[0022] The suspension adapter can be connected to or attached to the frame by at least one (preferably two) bolts, particularly threaded bolts, which pass through through holes in the suspension adapter and cheek, the through holes being aligned along corresponding fastening axes, wherein preferably at least two fastening axes are provided. This prevents the suspension adapter from being lost and makes it easier and faster to reposition the suspension adapter to another location.

[0023] In some embodiments, the suspension adapter has at least one substantially flat side contact surface that protrudes beyond the frame when the suspension adapter is mounted to the frame, and the side contact surface is configured to abut against a side surface of the building structure when the contact head is secured to one of the retaining elements. This ensures a secure contact with the building structure regardless of the shape of the frame. Changes in the distance between the suspension head or support rail and the reference edge can be achieved by simply replacing or adjusting the suspension adapter without modifying the frame of the suspension head itself. Therefore, the suspension head can be used with greater flexibility.

[0024] Multiple suspension adapters may be provided, which can be selectively used with the suspension head, and each suspension adapter has a through hole oriented in a different direction relative to the frame when the respective suspension adapter is mounted on the frame. The suspension adapters may also have different dimensions, i.e., in particular different extensions transverse to the longitudinal direction, to allow different positions of the side contact surfaces relative to the frame.

[0025] Advantageously, a suspension adapter is provided that can be attached to a frame at or at least partially between side members, and has a receiving element with a contact surface and a through-hole extending perpendicularly from the contact surface. The contact element is configured such that a bolt guided through the through-hole from below can extend upward or in a direction inclined upward toward the building structure. The axis of the through-hole preferably oriented through the guiding space. The suspension adapter, when fixed to one of the retaining elements, has an upwardly opening and / or top-accessible suspension recess for downwardly suspending the suspension shaft. Preferably, a recess, for example in the form of a notch, is provided below the suspension recess for the contact element to abut against. The upwardly opening and / or top-accessible suspension recess allows the suspension shaft of the suspension head to be suspended downward into the suspension recess. Before, during, or after suspension, the suspension head can be positioned against the suspension adapter with its contact element to give the suspension head a defined position relative to the suspension adapter.

[0026] The suspension adapter advantageously has two preferably parallel cheek elements spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction, each cheek element having an inner surface that is at least substantially vertical, wherein the inner surfaces of the cheek elements face each other and preferably have an orientation that is at least substantially parallel to each other. Preferably, connecting elements project from the outer surfaces of side elements that are opposite each other in the longitudinal direction and are arranged vertically, and may have through holes for releasably securing the suspension adapter to a building structure. In particular, each connecting element can connect the two spaced-apart side elements to each other. The connecting elements may preferably be formed integrally, and at least one rod retaining element accessible from above (e.g., in the form of an upwardly opening clamp) can be secured to at least one of the connecting elements. The spaced-apart cheek elements allow for a simple, compact, and stable design of the suspension adapter. The connecting elements, projecting in the longitudinal direction and arranged vertically, can be easily used by means of their through holes for detachably securing or mounting the suspension adapter to a building structure. The integral construction of at least one connecting element not only results in high stability of the connecting element itself, enabling the suspension adapter to be fixed to the building structure with great force, but also increases the stability of the suspension adapter when at least one connecting element connects two spaced cheek elements to each other as frame elements.

[0027] In some embodiments, the suspension adapter may have at least one substantially flat side contact surface, particularly two side contact surfaces arranged substantially orthogonally to each other, which protrude beyond the frame when the suspension adapter is mounted to the frame, and are configured to abut against a side surface of the building structure when the suspension head is secured to one of the retaining elements, particularly the two side surfaces arranged substantially orthogonally to each other and forming a reference edge. In this way, the suspension adapter can be attached to the building structure stably and at a clearly defined position relative to the building structure.

[0028] In some embodiments, a support arm may extend from the suspension adapter and be configured to abut against a wall of the building structure when the suspension adapter is secured to one of the retaining elements. In some embodiments, a support arm may also be provided, extending from the frame and configured to abut against a wall of the building structure when the suspension head is secured to one of the retaining elements. This allows for better absorption of torques acting on the contact points, contact lines, contact surfaces, or contact areas of the suspension adapter or suspension head on the building structure, and can reduce loads on the fastening elements, retaining elements, and frame. The support arm may preferably have a pivot or be formed from a pivot.

[0029] The support arm may have an abutment element with a contact surface for contacting the wall, thereby allowing the position of the abutment element relative to the frame in space to be adjustable. This allows the cantilever head with the support arm to adapt to different structural conditions of building structures with different shapes, particularly different geometric positions of the wall within the building structure. In its simplest form, the abutment element can be a specific area on the support arm that contacts the wall.

[0030] The adjacent element can pivot freely about a pivot within a certain angular range at the end of the support arm furthest from the frame, and the position of the pivot relative to the frame in space can be adjustable. This is particularly suitable for different orientations of walls in a building structure.

[0031] Furthermore, the support arm can pivot about a pivot on the frame, allowing the strut to be hinged between the frame and the end of the support arm located away from the frame. Such a strut can be used to generate support via triangular compartments, where only or essentially only longitudinal forces are introduced into the support arm and strut. Such a support is particularly stable.

[0032] The support arms and / or struts can have adjustable lengths between their respective hinge axes. This also allows for adjustment of the position of adjacent elements or contact points on the walls of the building structure.

[0033] This can be achieved, for example, by a threaded strut that extends through a connector at the end of the support arm away from the frame, and an adjusting nut that can be screwed onto the side of the connector away from the frame, such that the connector can be supported by the nut, thereby preferably by providing a torsion lock to secure the nut in the adjusting position.

[0034] Alternatively, the length can be adjusted by providing the strut with two threaded members and a clamping member, each of the two threaded members having a support head at one end and a thread at the other end, the clamping member having a central portion and two mating threads extending axially from the central portion to opposite ends of the clamping member, wherein the threads of the two threaded members are configured to extend in opposite directions to each other, and the mating threads of the clamping member are configured to extend in opposite directions to each other and match the threads of the threaded members, wherein the threads of the threaded members are preferably external threads, and the mating threads of the clamping member are internal threads, and wherein the clamping member preferably has a drive element, for example in the form of a wrench width or a wind rod.

[0035] Furthermore, the support arm is pivotable about a pivot on the frame, wherein a pivot path limiting element is provided on the frame to limit the pivot path of the support arm away from the wall, wherein the pivot path limiting element is preferably removable and specifically has bolts or pins that can be attached to or inserted through the frame, and wherein the removable pivot path limiting element can preferably be fixed to the frame by, for example, a fixing element in the form of a pin or stud or a through bolt, and wherein the removable pivot range limiter can preferably be fixed to its position on the frame by a fixing element. This is a simple way to adjust or at least determine the position of adjacent elements. Multiple fastening options for bolts can be provided on the frame, making multiple pivot positions possible.

[0036] Similarly, the support arm is pivotable about a pivot on the frame, wherein a pivot lock is provided, the pivot lock having at least one locking hole on the support arm and at least one locking hole on the frame, which can be aligned with each other in a predetermined pivot position to jointly receive a locking element, for example, in the form of a bolt or pin. Preferably, at least a plurality of locking holes are arranged on the support arm or the frame, arranged around the pivot of the support arm, thereby allowing a removable locking element to be preferably secured in its position on the frame by a fixing element. This means that multiple pivot positions can be achieved and secured.

[0037] Another aspect of the invention is an arrangement comprising a suspension head and a support rail, the support rail being movably guided by the suspension head for a support structure for formwork, particularly in the form of a downwardly movable formwork bracket, for pouring concrete portions that project laterally from a reference edge of a building structure, particularly overhanging concrete portions, wherein retaining elements are spaced apart on the building structure along a longitudinal extension of the reference edge, wherein the suspension head is detachably secured to one of the retaining elements and is configured such that loads of the support structure transmitted to the suspension head via the support rail can be introduced into the building structure through the suspension head and retaining elements, wherein the suspension head is constructed according to one of the above-described inventive concepts or embodiments thereof, and the frame of the suspension head surrounds the cross-sectional profile of the support rail or at least a guided portion thereof, such that a first abutment element abuts a first contact point on the side of the support rail opposite to the building structure, and a second abutment element abuts a second contact point of the support rail.

[0038] This aspect of the invention, combined with a support rail guided within the suspension head, achieves the aforementioned advantages of the suspension head. In other words, this aspect of the invention relates to the pairing of components that are adapted to each other, namely, the suspension head and the support rail. For understanding these features, refer to the above description of the first aspect of the invention.

[0039] In some embodiments, the support rail may have a closed cross-section, thereby allowing it to be reversibly connected to another support rail preferably in the longitudinal direction, particularly preferably by means of a support rail connecting element disposed at one end portion of the support rail, which can be inserted into and connected to the other end portion of the other support rail. The closed cross-section results in a stable design for the support rail, and the reversible connectability of the support rail can be used to shorten support rails already guided in the building structure or to extend them together with another support rail.

[0040] Another aspect of the invention is a template system comprising a template, a support rail, retaining elements, and a plurality of suspension heads. The template has a support structure, particularly in the form of a bottom-moving template bracket, for casting concrete portions (particularly overhanging concrete portions) that project laterally from a reference edge of a building structure. The support rail is on or part of the support structure. The retaining elements are arranged on the structure at a distance from each other in the longitudinal direction of the reference edge. The plurality of suspension heads are used to movably guide the support rail, wherein each suspension head is arranged and configured to be detachably fixed to one of the retaining elements, such that the load of the support structure transmitted to the suspension heads via the support rail can be introduced into the building structure via the suspension heads and retaining elements. Each suspension head is constructed according to the above-described inventive concept or one of its embodiments.

[0041] This aspect of the invention achieves the aforementioned advantages of the suspension heads through the arrangement of the support structure (particularly the formwork bracket), wherein the support rods are guided in multiple suspension heads. In other words, this aspect of the invention relates to an established building site. To understand these features, refer to the above description of the first aspect of the invention.

[0042] In some embodiments, the retaining element may have holes for flange-attaching the suspension head by means of a screw bolt and / or for aligning the suspension head by means of a pin, wherein these holes are preferably provided on the underside and / or side surface of the building structure.

[0043] In some embodiments, the retaining element may have a support portion attached to the upper side of the building structure, wherein the retaining element has a fastening leg and a retaining leg, the fastening leg for fastening the retaining element to the upper side of the building structure, and the retaining leg having a retaining hole for retaining the suspension head by means of a retaining bolt, wherein, when the suspension head is attached to the structure, the retaining hole and the hole on the suspension head for attaching the retaining bolt are substantially aligned with each other. In this case, when the suspension head is attached, the angle of the retaining bolt relative to the horizontal plane may preferably be 45°, with an upward or downward deviation of at most 1°, 2°, 3°, 5°, 10°, 15°, or 20°.

[0044] In some embodiments, the support structure may have side supports below the support rail, which laterally support the support structure against the wall of the building structure to transfer the torque acting around the support rail into the building structure. More precisely, the torque is transferred by a pair of forces consisting of a compressive force at the contact point of the side supports and a tensile force on the support rail. Advantageously, the distance between the side supports and the support rail is chosen to be as large as allowed by the structural conditions.

[0045] In some embodiments, the elements of the formwork system and the number of suspension heads per unit length of the formwork can be configured to transfer the load of the supporting structure to the building structure in a self-supporting manner, particularly when there are no additional supporting structures (e.g., tie rods) between the supporting scaffold attached to the building structure and the supporting structure, allowing the formwork to be positioned at any point in the longitudinal direction to enable the pouring of concrete portions. Design criteria include, for example, the material thickness and moment of inertia of the suspension heads, retaining elements, and connecting elements; the rod lengths of the support arms on the suspension heads and the side supports on the formwork; the design loads of adjacent elements; and the stiffness of the support rails.

[0046] The invention also includes a method for assembling a formwork system comprising a formwork having a support structure (particularly in the form of a bottom-moving formwork bracket) for casting concrete portions (particularly overhanging concrete portions) that project laterally from a reference edge of the building structure onto the building structure. The method includes the following steps:

[0047] a) Install at least two suspension adapters (preferably three suspension adapters), with one suspension adapter on one of a plurality of retaining elements, the plurality of retaining elements being arranged on the structure at a distance from each other in the longitudinal direction of the reference edge.

[0048] b) The template and the support structure are implemented as a single support platform having a defined length in the longitudinal direction, wherein at least two, preferably three, suspension heads are locked to each other at a distance corresponding to the distance between retaining elements by at least one locking contact element, the at least one locking contact element being applicable to the support rail, the support rail being mounted on the support structure and the length of the support rail in the longitudinal direction corresponding to the length of the single support platform.

[0049] c) For example, by means of a crane, the at least two suspension heads are mounted together with the single support structure platform onto the suspension adapter in an installation trajectory, such that the suspension shafts of the at least two suspension heads are each suspended from above into the suspension recesses of the at least two suspension adapters, and the locking elements of the at least two suspension heads each contact the at least two suspension adapters, preferably adjacent to a recess below the suspension recess, particularly preferably in the form of a notch.

[0050] d) Release the locking contact elements of the at least two suspension heads from the support rail.

[0051] e) Connect the single support structure platform in the connection direction w, either in the positive longitudinal direction x or the negative longitudinal direction x, to another single support structure already installed on the building structure, such that the circumferential surfaces of the end portions of one support rail of the single support structure to be connected and the other support rail of the assembled single support structure, facing each other in the longitudinal direction x, are arranged between the closest suspension heads, wherein one of the closest suspension heads is arranged on the single support structure to be connected, and the other of the closest suspension heads is arranged on the assembled single support structure. Preferably, one support rail of the facing end portions is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the other support rail, and the end portions of the one support rail and the other support rail facing each other in the longitudinal direction x are connected in the connection direction w by moving the single support structure platform to be connected toward the assembled single support member. Thus, preferably, in the connected state of the support rails, the facing edges of the template panels of the connected single support structures abut against each other.

[0052] f) Move the single support structure of the connection in the connection direction until the support rail is away from at least two suspension heads, each of the at least two suspension heads disengaging from the support rail by releasing the locking contact element.

[0053] g) Unload the at least two suspension heads released from the support rail, either individually or in a common unloading trajectory, from the at least two suspension adapters.

[0054] h) If the complete formwork system includes more connected individual support structures and individual support structures already installed on the building structure, repeat steps b) to g) until the complete formwork system, consisting of more than two individual support structures and preferably composed of individual support structures, has been erected.

[0055] This method achieves the aforementioned characteristics and advantages of the suspension head during operation.

[0056] Because multiple suspension heads are suspended together with a single support structure platform in the suspension adapter, valuable work time is saved compared to installing a single suspension head onto the building structure. Since the suspension shafts of at least two suspension heads are suspended from above into the suspension recesses of at least two suspension adapters, the suspension heads can be quickly, easily, and accurately installed on the structure without manual intervention at their location, allowing cranes or other lifting devices to be used with a single support structure platform.

[0057] Steps b) through g) can be repeated until the desired length of the entire template system in the longitudinal direction is achieved by stringing the individual support platforms together.

[0058] In some embodiments, in step c), at least two suspension heads may be connected to each other via at least one rod element and a rod retaining element of the suspension head, wherein preferably, in the connected state, the longitudinal axis of the rod element is aligned substantially parallel to another longitudinal axis of the support rail. In this way, the position of the suspension heads relative to each other can be fixed and / or can be easily and time-savingly ensured that at least two suspension heads released from the support rail are jointly removed in step g) by, for example, removing the rod element with a crane.

[0059] It should be understood that all the above embodiments can be combined with each other, as long as they are not necessarily and obviously mutually exclusive, and such combinations are another embodiment of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0060] The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0061] FIG. 1 A building with a template system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in a schematic cross-sectional view.

[0062] FIG. 2 by FIG. 1 An enlarged schematic side view of detail II in the diagram shows... FIG. 1 The arrangement of support rails and suspension heads in the template system.

[0063] FIGS. 3A-3C A suspension head according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in two perspective views and a side view.

[0064] FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B Two perspective views illustrate a suspension head according to another embodiment of the invention.

[0065] FIGS. 5A-5C The suspension head according to another embodiment of the invention is shown in two perspective views and a detailed perspective view.

[0066] FIG. 6 It shows FIGS. 5A-5C The arrangement of the suspension heads on the building structure.

[0067] FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B The mounting wedge is shown in two perspective views.

[0068] FIG. 8 It shows the basis with FIG. 6 The arrangement in the image corresponds to another embodiment in the building structure. FIGS. 5A-5C The connection between the suspension heads.

[0069] FIG. 9 An illustration of a building structure according to another embodiment is shown. FIGS. 5A-5C The connection between the suspension heads.

[0070] FIG. 10 A perspective view shows a support arm for a suspension head according to another embodiment of the invention.

[0071] FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B Two stereoscopic diagrams illustrate the relationship with FIG. 10 A connector used together with the support arm.

[0072] FIG. 12 This illustrates another embodiment of the invention, featuring a [material / method / etc.] from [source / component]. FIG. 10 A side view of the arrangement of the suspension head of the support arm.

[0073] FIGS. 13A-13D A cross-sectional view, two perspective views, and a detailed perspective view illustrate another embodiment of the invention with [the image from...]. FIG. 10 The support arm and from FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B The arrangement of the struts and the suspension heads of the connectors.

[0074] FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B A support arm for a suspension head according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown in a three-dimensional overall view and a three-dimensional detailed view.

[0075] FIG. 15 A stereoscopic view showing the relationship with... FIG. 14A andFIG. 14B A strut used in conjunction with a support arm.

[0076] FIG. 16A and FIG. 16B A suspension adapter according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0077] FIG. 17A and FIG. 17B Another suspension adapter is shown in another embodiment of the invention.

[0078] FIG. 18A and FIG. 18B Another suspension adapter is shown in another embodiment of the invention.

[0079] FIGS. 19A-19D A sectional view, two perspective views, and a detailed sectional view illustrate another embodiment of the invention with [data from...]. FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B The support arm, with a support from FIG. 15 The struts and from FIG. 16A and 16B The arrangement of the suspension heads of the suspension adapters.

[0080] FIG. 20A and FIG. 20B A schematic top view illustrates the template system according to the invention in two displacement positions.

[0081] FIG. 21A and FIG. 21B The three-dimensional view shows another embodiment of the invention with FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B support arm and FIG. 15 The strut suspension fittings ( FIG. 21A ) and according to another embodiment of the invention, it can be suspended in FIG. 21A The arrangement of the suspension heads in the suspension adapter ( FIG. 21B ).

[0082] FIGS. 22A-22C The images from the three-dimensional diagrams are shown respectively. FIG. 21A The suspension adapters, support arms, and struts are arranged at several intervals on the building structure, as well as the support structure with support rails. FIG. 22A Another support structure in the form of a single support platform with a suspension head 260 locked to the support rail. FIG. 22B ), and from FIG. 22B The suspension track of a single support structure platform suspended by a crane, the suspension track being used to suspend the suspension head arranged on the support rails of the single support structure platform from... FIG. 22A The suspension adapter, consisting of a suspension arm and a strut, is arranged in a manner that... FIG. 22C).

[0083] FIG. 23 The cross-sectional view shows the source FIG. 21A Suspension adapters, support arms and struts and FIG. 21B The arrangement of the suspension heads.

[0084] FIG. 24 A 3D view shows the separation of the support track from the source. FIG. 21B The locking device for the suspension head.

[0085] FIG. 25A and FIG. 25B The images are shown in 3D. FIG. 22A The arrangement structure of the suspension adapters, support arms, and struts, among which, from FIG. 22B The suspension head is installed into the suspension adapter, and from FIG. 24 The suspension head locking device separates from the support rail, used to... FIG. 22C A single support structure platform is connected to another support structure that has already been arranged on the building structure. FIG. 25A ), and from the suspension adapter installed in FIG. 22B The suspension head comes from FIG. 22A The disconnection trajectory of the suspension adapter, which consists of a suspension adapter, a support arm, and a strut, detaching from the suspension adapter. FIG. 25B ). Detailed Implementation

[0086] FIG. 1 A structure 1 (in this case, an elongated structure in the form of a bridge) of a template system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0087] When constructing slender structures 1 (such as bridges, in particular) using composite steel structures, the steel structure is typically erected first. This steel structure includes a substructure 18 in the form of one or more supports (typically two end supports, and intermediate supports in the form of towers or columns, depending on the span length) and beams or structures 2 spanning the supports in the longitudinal direction of the structure. Structure 2 has a base plate 17 attached to a connecting plate 19 of the substructure 18 by flange or welded connections. Other bridge designs utilize steel cables instead of intermediate columns for suspension; for example, the cables can be anchored to the head plate 3 of the beam. It should be noted that the shape of the substructure 18 is not part of this invention and does not limit the invention. Furthermore, the invention is not specifically limited to bridges or slender components in general.

[0088] In this example, structure 2 also has a head plate 3 and two side walls 15 extending between the bottom plate 18 and the head plate 3. The head plate 3, side walls 15, and bottom plate 17 of structure 2 form a beam or box (also called a channel). The head plate 3 supports a road 5, which is constructed using a concrete casting method and, after the concrete has hardened, is securely anchored to the head plate, for example, by head bolts 4 protruding upwards from the head plate 3. A portion 6 of the road 5 projecting laterally is constructed along a reference edge 2a of structure 2 by means of a template system according to the invention. This can be done after the road 5 has already been completed in the intermediate area, or the road 5 can be constructed at once along with the projecting portion 6. The awning 7 on the outer side of the driveway 5 can be constructed in subsequent work steps, but this is not part of the invention. Although the figures show only one (right side) of the two cantilever portions 6 of the driveway (right side) under construction and the other completed, the invention is not limited thereto, but rather both cantilever portions 6 can be constructed simultaneously using a corresponding template system.

[0089] For descriptive purposes, a coordinate system x, y, z is defined, where z represents the normal direction and runs perpendicular to the lane surface, y represents the width direction and runs parallel to the lane surface, and x runs perpendicular to both y and z, parallel to the lane surface, and represents the longitudinal direction of lane 5. The reference edge 2a generally runs parallel to the longitudinal direction of the lane; therefore, for the purposes of describing the invention, it can be assumed that the longitudinal direction of the reference edge 2a coincides with the longitudinal direction x of lane 5. Without considering any inclination of lane 5, the normal direction z is also understood as vertical, and the width direction y and longitudinal direction x are also understood as horizontal. For descriptive purposes, the center plane M is defined as a plane that crosses the geometric center or centroid of structure 2 through the normal direction z and the longitudinal direction x. Furthermore, for descriptive purposes, direction z is defined as positive upwards (pointing away from the lane surface) and negative downwards, and the width direction y is always defined as positive along the direction of the cantilever portion 6 of lane 5 currently cast by the template 8, away from the center plane M of structure 1.

[0090] The formwork system includes a support structure 8 that supports the formwork 10. The support structure 8 moves as the pouring work progresses and is in the form of a formwork bracket (which includes a frame 9, a working platform 11, and support rails 12). In this example, the formwork 10 has two formwork panels 10a and 10b that surround the cantilever portion 6 from below and from the outside. The working platform 11 is required for assembly work and includes a walking board 11a and railings 11b.

[0091] The support structure 8 is suspended from the exterior of the building structure 2 by means of support rails 12. For this purpose, a plurality of suspension heads 13 are provided along a reference edge 2a of the building structure 2, in which the support rails 12 are guided, allowing movement in the longitudinal direction. These suspension heads 13 are all detachably fixed to retaining elements (not shown in detail here), which are provided at specified intervals on the beam. The retaining elements can be designed in different ways, and for example, each retaining element can have a simple arrangement of holes in the building structure 2 for screwing the suspension heads 13 onto the building structure 2, and / or screwed, riveted, or welded profiles (such as angle profiles) or specific shapes (such as undercut structures). This arrangement ensures that the concrete load of the formwork 8, transmitted via the support rails 12 to the suspension heads 13, can be transmitted to the structure 2 of the building 1 via the retaining elements.

[0092] The suspension head 13 can also be supported by the support arm 14 against the wall 15a, which in this example is the side surface of the side wall 15 of the profile 2. The support arm is attached to or hinged to the suspension head 13 and is supported by the wall 16.

[0093] The support structure 8 can be supported by one or more side support devices 16 abutting against the side surface 15a of the side wall 15. The side support devices 16 are attached to the lowest possible point of the frame 9 so as to transfer the moment acting around the support rail 12 into the beam 2 by a pair of forces consisting of the tension on the support rail 12 and the compressive force on the side support device 16, using the longest possible lever arm to limit the force value. The side support devices 16 can be attached to the formwork and move with the formwork.

[0094] FIG. 2 A schematic side view (i.e., viewed in the longitudinal direction x) is shown. FIG. 1 The arrangement of the support rails 12 and the suspension heads 13 in the template system.

[0095] like FIG. 2 As schematically shown, the suspension head 13 includes a frame 21 having or defining a guide space 23 for supporting the track 12, an inner profile 22 with a C-shaped or claw-shaped cross-section, and an opening 24, preferably facing away from the building structure. The opening 24 is used to connect the support track 12 to the rest of the supporting structure, schematically shown here by frame 9, and to the support track via a track connecting element 20. The opening 24 ensures that the track connecting element 20 does not collide with the suspension head and therefore does not interfere with movement. This allows the frame 21 to grip the cross-sectional profile of the support track 12 in a C-shaped or claw-like manner. Since the direction of movement of the template 8 always extends parallel to the longitudinal direction x and corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the support track 12, the cross-sectional profile of the support track 12 is always perpendicular to the longitudinal direction x.

[0096] To guide the support rail 12 within the guide space 23, a first abutment element 25 and a second abutment element 26 are respectively arranged on the inner side of the frame 21 facing the support rail 12 and the guide space 23, with the second abutment element 26 offset from the first abutment element 25 in the cross-sectional plane. This arrangement is chosen such that the first abutment element 25 can absorb the horizontal force component from the support rail 12, and the second abutment element 26 can absorb the vertical force component from the support rail 12 and transfer them to the frame. The first abutment element 25 is adjacent to a first contact point 25a on the side of the support rail 12 facing away from the building structure 2, and the second abutment element 26 is adjacent to a second contact point 26a, such that the first contact point 25a is farther from the building structure 2 in the horizontal direction y than the second contact point 26a. The contact points 25a and 26a can also be designed to be linear or flat.

[0097] In this embodiment, the suspension head 13 is abutted against the side surface 2b of the building structure 2 by the side contact surface 21b of the frame 21, while the top contact surface 21a of the frame 21 is free. The side contact surface 21b extends downward from the reference edge 2a and points to a downward-facing surface adjacent to the suspension head 13. If a force is transmitted to the suspension head 13 via the support rail 12, the suspension head experiences a tilting moment around the edge between the side contact surface 21b and the downward-facing surface 2c. This tilting moment can be absorbed and transmitted at least partially via (not shown in detail here) retaining elements (threaded or anchored to a corresponding support, for example, attached along the reference edge 2a to the upper side 2d of the structure 2).

[0098] To support the suspension head 13, this example also provides a support arm 14 with a pivot rod 27 mounted to the frame 21 such that it can pivot about a pivot 27a, whereby this pivoting position can be secured by a bolt 29 (e.g., a pin) engaged in one of several stops 28 (e.g., holes). In principle, one stop 28 is sufficient, but several stops 28 expand the possible applications. The support arm 14, in the form of the pivot rod 27, is supported at its free end 27b against the wall 15 of the building structure 2 in order to at least partially transmit tilting moments to the building structure 2. Within the sense of the invention, the free end 27b forms the adjacent element of the support arm 14.

[0099] FIGS. 3A-3C An example of the suspension head 13 is shown in two perspective views and one side view.

[0100] In this embodiment, the frame 21 of the suspension head 13 has two cheeks 30, 30' spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction x. In this embodiment, the cheeks 30, 30' are made of plate-shaped metal with several bends. Each cheek 30, 30' has an inner surface 30a formed by the main part of the metal plate. An upper tab 30b and a rear tab 30c are each folded from the inner surface 30a, wherein the upper tab 30b has a top contact surface 21a and the rear tab 30c has a side contact surface 21b. Another tab 30d is folded below the upper tab 30b. In this document, the terms "rear" and "front" refer to the width direction y of the structure 2 (not shown here) to which the suspension head will be attached, the term "side" refers to the longitudinal direction, and the term "inner side" refers to the space between the side plates 30, 30'.

[0101] Side plates 30, 30' are longitudinally connected to each other via connecting plates 31, 32, 33 and stop plates 34, 35. Connecting plates 31, 32, 33, together with an additional tab 30d, form an inner contour 22 defining a guide space. Support plate 36 is mounted to connecting plates 32, 33 as a first abutment element 25 and a second abutment element 26. Support plate 36 may be screwed and / or pinned into holes 37. The corresponding force-absorbing directions 38, 38' of support plate 36 are perpendicular to the surface of support plate 36 facing the guide space 23; for the purposes of this invention, these surfaces should be understood as flat contact points. Force-absorbing directions 38, 38' form an angle α with each other, which in this example is approximately 110°. The force absorption direction 38 is inclined at approximately 10° relative to the horizontal direction, and the force absorption direction 38' is inclined at approximately 10° relative to the vertical direction, such that the first support element 25 can absorb not only the horizontal force component pointing away from the structure 2, but also the second adjacent element 26 can absorb not only the downward vertical force component, but also a portion of the horizontal force component pointing towards the structure 2. The support plates 36 have longitudinal grooves 39 on their respective surfaces, which can, for example, absorb embedded dirt particles and / or serve as channels for lubricant. Stop plates 34, 35 are arranged approximately at right angles to the connecting plates 32, 33 that support the adjacent elements 25, 26, each stop plate 34, 35 protruding beyond one edge of the connecting plates 32, 33 and forming a stop for the adjacent elements 25, 26.

[0102] FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B Another embodiment of the suspension head 13 is shown in two perspective views and a side view.

[0103] This embodiment is a variation of the previous embodiment, and the differences between them are described below. However, features of the previous embodiment may also exist, and further explanations are also applicable to this embodiment, unless obviously excluded due to differences.

[0104] In this embodiment, the side plates 30, 30' of frame 21 are also formed of corresponding metal plates, but no tabs are bent except for the upper tab 30b. Instead of the rear flange, the side contact plates 40, 40' defining the side contact surface 21b are attached (e.g., welded to) the side members 30, 30'. To connect the side members 30, 30' in the longitudinal direction, a cut-out tube portion 41 is provided here, which forms a strut by means of a bend 41a, corresponding to the connecting plate 32 of the previous embodiment.

[0105] Two pairs of parallel, spaced-apart support plates 42, 43, 42', 43' are attached to cheeks 30, 30', which also helps to connect, support, and reinforce cheeks 30, 30' in the longitudinal direction. Rollers 44 are arranged in each space between support plates 42, 43, 42', 43' and are mounted on support plates 42, 43, 42', 43' by means of support shafts 45, which are implemented here, for example, with screws and nuts. Each support shaft 45 is oriented in a plane transverse to the longitudinal direction x and is positioned such that the rollers form contact points with the support shafts received in the guide space 23.

[0106] FIGS. 5A-5C Another embodiment of the suspension head 13 is shown in two perspective views and a detailed perspective view.

[0107] This embodiment is FIGS. 3A-3C Variations of the embodiments shown are described below, and the differences between them will be described below, but features of the reference embodiments may also exist and further explanations also apply to this embodiment, unless obviously excluded due to differences.

[0108] In this embodiment, the side members 30, 30' of frame 21 are formed of corresponding plates. The side members 30, 30' are connected in the longitudinal direction by a rear connecting plate 50 defining a side contact surface 21b, an upper connecting plate 51 defining a top contact surface 21a, and two support plates 52, 52' for each bearing contact plate 53. A stop plate 55 is mounted on the side contact surface 21b of the rear connecting plate 50. When the suspension head is installed on the building structure 2, the stop plate 55 can serve as a height stop for the suspension head 13 on the downward-facing surface 2c of the building structure 2 (see [link]). FIG. 2 ).

[0109] In this embodiment, the support plates 53 and 53' are designed without longitudinal grooves, but have flat convex surfaces 56, the highest point of which is located at the center 57 of the surface 56 and forms corresponding force application points 25a (not visible here) and 26a. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the support elements 25 and 26 are each arranged in a completely horizontal or vertical force absorption direction.

[0110] The upper connecting plate 51 has a mounting opening 58 that allows access from above to the internal space between the inner surfaces 30a of the side plates 30, 30'. Within the internal space between the inner surfaces 30a of the side members 30, 30' (which will also be referred to below as mounting space 54), a receiving structure 69 is formed on each inner surface 30a of each side member 30, 30', as will be explained in more detail below.

[0111] FIG. 6 The arrangement of the suspension head 13 on the building structure 2 according to the embodiment described last is shown. In the case shown, the suspension head 13 is on the downward-facing surface 2c of the building structure 2 (see also...). FIG. 8 The bolt 60 protrudes downwards and is attached to the building structure 2 by means of a bolt 60 and an associated nut 62, the nut 62 being adjacent to the upper side 2d of the building structure 2. The bolt 60 protrudes upwards through the mounting opening 58, and its head 61 is accessible from below or diagonally below in the mounting space 54 through an opening between cheeks 30, 30'. In this embodiment, a mounting wedge 70 (explained in more detail below) is used to align and support the bolt 60 in the mounting space 54.

[0112] FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B The mounting wedge 70 is shown in two perspective views. The mounting wedge 70 has a generally wedge shape, including a first wedge surface 71 and a second wedge surface 72, a narrow end surface 73 connecting the wedge surfaces 71 and 72 at a narrowing end, a wide end surface 74 connecting the wedge surfaces 71 and 72 at a widening end, and two preferably substantially parallel side surfaces 77 and 77'. The wide end surface 74 has a bend that divides it into two part surfaces 75 and 76, but this is optional. A through-hole 78 extends between the wedge surfaces 71 and 72, perpendicular to the second part surface 72 and penetrating the first part surface 71 at an angle deviating from the surface normal. The first wedge surface 71 is substantially flat, while the wedge surface 72 has a visible convex curvature.

[0113] FIG. 8 It shows the basis with FIG. 6 The arrangement corresponds to the connection between the suspension heads 13 of the last described embodiment on structure 2. As already mentioned, the suspension head 13, having a top contact surface 21a, is adjacent to the downward-facing surface 2c of structure 2. A bolt 60 protrudes through a through hole 80, which connects the downward-facing surface 2c to the upper side 2d of structure 2, and the through hole 80 is a retaining element in the sense of the invention.

[0114] The receiving structure 59 formed on the corresponding inner surface 30a of the cheeks 30, 30' has a plate-shaped basic structure with a recess on the downward-facing edge surface, wherein, viewed from the mounting space 54, the recess has a groove-shaped profile, with a downward-facing receiving surface 81 inclined toward the structure 2, an inner boundary surface 82 extending downward from the receiving surface 81, and an outer boundary surface 83 extending downward from the receiving surface 81. The receiving structure 59 and the mounting wedge 70 are adapted to each other in such a way that the mounting wedge 70 can be received between the side surfaces 30a of the two cheeks 30, 30', such that the mounting wedge 70 is supported by a first wedge surface 71 on the corresponding receiving surface 78, while the second wedge surface 72 faces away from the receiving surface 78, and the narrow end surface 73 is supported on the inner boundary surface 82, while the wide end surface 74 (using part of the surface 75 here) is correspondingly supported on the outer boundary surface 83, and the side surfaces 77, 77' are held between the inner surfaces 30a of the cheeks 30, 30' facing each other. Furthermore, the angle between the inclination of the receiving surface 78 and the wedge surfaces 71 and 72 is selected such that the through hole 78 of the mounting wedge 70 is vertical when arranged as described above, so that the suspension head 13 can be arranged on the downward-facing surface 2c of the building structure 2, such that the through hole 78 of the mounting wedge 70 and the through hole 80 of the building structure 2 (used as a retaining element) are aligned with each other, and the bolt 80 can pass through the through holes 78 and 80 and the mounting opening 58 simultaneously to fix the suspension head 13.

[0115] FIG. 9 The structure according to another embodiment is shown. FIGS. 5A-5C The connection between the suspension heads. In this embodiment, the suspension head 13 is adjacent to the side surface 2b of the building structure 2 via the side contact surface 21b, and the stop plate 55 is adjacent to the downward-facing surface 2c of the building structure 2 via its upper side.

[0116] In this case, the retaining element is formed by a support portion 90, which has a fastening leg 91 for fastening to the upper side 2d of the structure 2 and a retaining leg 92 with a retaining hole 94. The retaining hole 94 has an axial direction inclined about the retaining leg 92 and extends beyond the reference edge 2a, such that a retaining bolt 95 passing through the retaining hole 94 can be arranged beyond the reference edge 2a. One or more reinforcing ribs 93 may extend between the fastening leg 91 and the retaining leg 92. The retaining leg 92 can be welded to the upper side 2d of the structure 2, but it may also have a fastening hole 97 for screwing onto the structure 2 if welding is not possible at that point.

[0117] For this fastening situation, the same mounting wedge 70 can be used, but it is now arranged in the opposite manner on the receiving structure 59. That is, in such a way that, as described above, it is supported on the corresponding receiving surface 78 by the first wedge surface 71, while the second wedge surface 72 points away from the receiving surface 78. However, contrary to the previous case, the narrow end surface 73 is supported on the outer boundary surface 83, while the wide end surface 74 is correspondingly supported on the inner boundary surface 82. The inclination of the fastening leg 92 of the support 90 and its distance from the reference edge 2a, as well as the height of the retaining hole 94, are selected such that the through hole 78 of the mounting wedge 70 is aligned with the retaining hole 94 of the support 90 when arranged as described above and the suspension head 13 is arranged as described above on the building structure 2, so that the retaining bolt 95 can pass through the through hole 78, the retaining hole 94, and the mounting opening 58 to secure the suspension head 13.

[0118] Keep bolt 95 tightened with nut 96, and keep the head of bolt 90 accessible from below at an angle in the mounting space 54.

[0119] FIG. 10 An embodiment of a support arm 14 for supporting a suspension head 13 on a wall 15a of a building structure 2 is shown. The support arm 14 has a pivot rod 100 and an abutment element 101 with a contact surface 102. In this example, the pivot rod 100 is designed with a U-shaped profile, having two side webs 100a, 100b and a connecting web 100c. The abutment element 101 is pivotally connected to the pivot rod 100 by a drive shaft 103, which in this example is designed as a hollow shaft or tube portion. A twist lock 104 is rotatably arranged on the drive shaft 103 between the side webs 100a, 100b. The drive shaft 103 is secured to the pivot rod 100 by a locking pin 105. The pivot rod 100 has mutually aligned support bores 106 at each side web 100a, 100b. Furthermore, notches 107 are formed on the free longitudinal edges of each side web 100a, 100b. The drive shaft 103 has a radial through hole 109, and the anti-rotation device 104 has a recess 108, which can be aligned or dealigned with the through hole 109 by rotating the anti-rotation device 104 on the drive shaft 103.

[0120] FIG. 12 A side view illustrates a possible application of a support arm 14 with a pivot rod 100 as another embodiment. Here, the suspension head 13 is mounted close to a side wall 15, the outer surface of which forms a wall 15a. Specifically, the suspension head 13 is arranged such that its side contact surface 21b is directly adjacent to and screwed onto the side wall. In this case, according to… FIGS. 5A-5C The embodiment shown is a suspension head 13, but it can also be a suspension head 13 in any other embodiment.

[0121] Here, the pivot 100 is pivotally mounted to a pivot 120, which is disposed on the frame 21 of the suspension head 13. The pivot 120 may be a bolt guided through a hole in the frame 21. The connecting web 100c faces the building structure 2, and the recess 107 faces away from the building structure 2. The frame 21 is also provided with a hole 122 that can accommodate a bolt 121, which can engage with the pivot 100 (particularly in the recess 107) to limit the pivoting path of the pivot 100 away from the wall 15a. A contact element 101 is positioned at the free end of the pivot 100 such that an abutment surface 102 abuts the wall 15a. The dimensions of these components are chosen such that when the abutment surface 102 abuts the wall 15a, the recess 107 abuts the bolt 121. In this manner, the tilting moment of the suspension head 13 can be transmitted to the pivot rod 100 via the bolt 121, from the pivot rod 100 to the adjacent element 101 via the connecting shaft 103, and from the contact surface 102 of the adjacent element 101 to the wall 15a, thereby transmitting to the structure 2.

[0122] FIGS. 13A-13D Another application of the support arm 14 with pivot rod 100, as another embodiment, is shown in a sectional view, two perspective views, and a detailed perspective view. Here, the suspension head 13 is attached to the building structure 2 in a manner that the side wall 15 of the building structure 2 (the outer surface of the side wall 15 forms wall 15a) is retracted from the suspension head 13. In particular, the suspension head 13 is arranged such that its side contact surface 21b is adjacent to the side surface 2b below the reference edge 2a.

[0123] For use in this configuration, the pivot rod 100 is used in conjunction with the strut 130, which is pivotally mounted to the frame 21 via a coupling 110 and secured at its end away from the frame 21 to a joint connection formed by a coupling shaft 103. This creates a three-joint support, in which the pivot rod 100 absorbs only compressive forces and the strut absorbs only tensile forces.

[0124] exist FIG. 11A and FIG. 11BThe two perspective views show the connector 110 in detail. In this embodiment, the connector 110 has a housing 111 with two parallel spaced-apart side plates 112, 112', two parallel spaced-apart connecting plates 113, 113' (the connecting plates 113, 113' connect the side plates 112, 112'), and a support plate 114 (the support plate 114 is arranged between the side plates 112, 112' at one end of the connecting plates 113, 113'), thereby forming a receiving space with an opening towards the support plate 114 between the side plates 112, 112', the connecting plates 113, 113', and the support plate 114. A guide tube 115 is arranged on the side of the support plate 114 opposite to the receiving space, and the hole of the guide tube 115 is aligned with a through hole in the support plate 114. The side plates 112, 112' each have a support hole 116.

[0125] As in FIG. 13A As can be seen in the cross-section, the threaded end of the strut 130 extends through the through-holes in the guide tube 115 and the support plate 114 into the receiving space of the coupling 110. The nut 132 is screwed onto the end of the strut 130 and held in the receiving space of the coupling 110 by connecting plates 113, 113', the spacing of which is adapted to the wrench size of the nut 132, so that the nut 132 cannot rotate relative to the coupling. The coupling 110 itself is pivotally mounted to the frame 21 of the contact head 13 by means of an engagement shaft 134 (such as a bolt), which is guided through a hole in the frame 21.

[0126] The other end 131 of the strut 130 is guided through the through hole of the coupling shaft 103 and secured by another nut 133. The anti-rotation device 104 can be used in such a way that the recess 108 (width adapted to the wrench size of the nut 133) can be pushed over the opposite wrench surface of the nut 133, thereby firmly holding the nut 133 in place. For adjustment, the anti-rotation device 104 can be simply pivoted away from the nut 133.

[0127] The pivot rod 110 of the support arm 114 is mounted to the hole 122 on the frame 21 by means of another pivot 120, and can be secured by means of a cotter pin 135 or another fixing element, as is the case with each pivot, even though this is not shown in detail or is not visible in the drawings.

[0128] By altering the length of the strut 130 using nut 133 and, to a certain extent, nut 132, the pivot angle of the pivot rod 100 can be changed, thus altering the position of the adjacent element 101 relative to the frame 21. Therefore, the adjacent element 101 can be positioned such that the contact surface 102 abuts against the wall 15a. In this way, the tilting moment of the suspension head 13 can be transmitted to the wall 15a via the compressive force in the pivot rod 100 and the tensile force in the strut 130, and thus the contact force transmitted to the contact surface 102 of the adjacent element 101, and consequently to the building structure 2.

[0129] FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B Another embodiment of the support arm 14, having a pivot 140 and an abutment element 141, is shown in overall and detailed perspective views. The pivot 140 is designed similarly to the pivot 100 of the previous embodiment. The abutment element 141 is designed similarly to the abutment element 101 of the previous embodiment, having the same contact surface 142 as the previous embodiment, and is pivotally mounted to the free end of the pivot 140. In this embodiment, the pivotal support of the abutment element 101 is achieved by means of a pivot 143 designed as a bolt, which is fixed to the pivot 140 by a cotter pin 144.

[0130] FIG. 14B It is shown that the gap between the contact surface 142 and the wall (not shown in detail here) can also be compensated by the gasket 146.

[0131] FIG. 15 The perspective view shows an alternative design strut 150, which is particularly suitable for use with a support arm 14 having the aforementioned pivot 140.

[0132] The strut 150 of this embodiment has two couplings 151 and 151' and a clamping member 152. Each coupling 151 and 151' has a support head 155, one end of which has a support eye 156, and the other end has threaded portions 157 and 157'. The clamping member has a central portion 153 and two mating threaded portions 154 and 154' extending axially from the central portion 153 to opposite ends of the clamping member 152. The threads of the threaded portions 157 and 157' of the two couplings 151 and 151' are configured to face each other, and the mating threads of the mating threaded portions 157 and 157' of the clamping member 152 are also facing each other and each configured to mate with the threads of the threaded portions 157 and 157' of the couplings 151 and 151'. In the example shown, the threaded portions 157 and 157' of the couplings 151 and 151' are external threads, and the mating threaded portions 154 and 154' of the clamping member 152 are internal threads. In this way, when the couplings 151 and 151' are held in a rotationally fixed manner, the length of the strut 150 can be changed by rotating the central portion 152. For this purpose, the clamping member 152 is arranged with a drive element, for example, in the form of a winding rod 158. Alternatively, the drive element can also be designed to be wrench-sized. The support eye 156 is advantageously adapted to the diameter of the pivot 143 between the pivot rod 140 and the adjacent element 141.

[0133] The application of the support arm 14 with the pivot rod 141 and the strut 150 is as follows: FIGS. 19A-19D As shown in the image. FIG. 19A The cross-sections of the corresponding external threads 196, 196' of the threaded portions 157, 157' of the couplings 151, 151' and the internal threads 195, 195' of the mating threaded portions 145, 145' of the clamping member 152 are also shown. The arrangement and operating mode of the connecting rods of the pivot rod 140 and the strut 150, realized by the coupling shafts 197, 198, 199, are also shown. FIGS. 13A-13D Corresponding to the embodiments shown, in this respect FIGS. 13A-13D For reference. Connecting pin 199 and... FIG. 14A Corresponding to the engagement pin 143, and advantageously, all engagement pins 197, 198, and 199 are formed by similar bolts with the same shaft diameter, so that they can be easily replaced without the risk of confusion.

[0134] according to FIGS. 19A-19D The arrangement also includes an improved connection between the suspension head 13 and the structure 2. For this purpose, a suspension adapter 160 is used, which... FIG. 16A and FIG. 16BThe following two perspective views illustrate this in more detail. It comprises several frame elements 161, 162, and 163 (in the form of flat or three-dimensionally shaped metal sheet components), one of which has a side contact surface 163a. ​​A support hole 164 is provided to receive a support bolt 192 for fastening to a hole in the frame 21 of the suspension head 13. Furthermore, a fastening hole 165 is provided for fastening, for example, a spacer or other spacer element to the area of ​​the contact surface 163a. ​​Finally, a through hole 166 is provided to receive a retaining bolt 190, which is connected to a support portion 90 attached to the upper side 2d of the structure 2 by means of a retaining nut 191. For this purpose, the through hole 166 is configured to align with an inclined axial orientation. Two through holes 166 are provided in two spaced portions of the frame elements 161 and 162, such that the retaining bolt 190 is also laterally guided therein. Through this suspension adapter, the side contact surface 163a can abut against the side surface 2b of the structure 2.

[0135] exist FIG. 17A and FIG. 17B Two perspective views illustrate an alternative form of the suspension adapter 170. This suspension adapter has a frame 171 formed by two parallel, spaced-apart side plates 172, 172' and their connecting plates 173, 174, 175. A support hole 176 is provided to receive a support bolt for fastening to a hole in the frame 21 of the suspension head 13. Furthermore, a through hole 177 is provided to receive a retaining bolt, which is connected to a support portion attached to the upper side 2d of the structure 2 by means of a retaining nut. For this purpose, the through hole 177 is configured to be angled so that the retaining bolt can be guided to the support portion at an angle. (The last sentence appears to be incomplete and possibly refers to a different configuration.) FIGS. 3A-3C or FIG. 4A , FIG. 4B When the suspension adapter 13 shown has corresponding support holes in the cheeks 30, 30', this type of suspension can, for example, be similar to... FIG. 9 The layout shown is used.

[0136] exist FIG. 18A and FIG. 18BTwo perspective views illustrate an alternative form of the suspension adapter 180. This suspension adapter has a frame element 181 in the form of a rectangular tubular member, to which a stop element 182 is attached. Support holes 183 are provided on the opposite walls of the frame element 181 to receive support bolts for fastening to holes in the frame 21 of the suspension head 13. Furthermore, a through hole 184, oriented transversely to the support hole 183, receives bolts for connecting to the downward-facing surface 2c of the building structure 2, and a larger-diameter mounting hole 185 aligned with the through hole 184 is used to attach a mounting tool to the head of the bolt. This allows the bolt head to protrude from the interior of the through hole 184 and allows the bolt shaft to protrude vertically upward from the top mounting surface 21a of the frame 21. FIGS. 3A-3C or FIG. 4A , FIG. 4B When the suspension adapter 13 shown has corresponding support holes in the cheeks 30, 30', this type of suspension can, for example, be similar to... FIG. 8 The layout shown is used.

[0137] It should be understood that all suspension adapters 160, 170, and 180 are adapted in width to fit the width of the internal space between the cheeks 30 and 30' of the suspension adapter 13.

[0138] FIG. 20A and FIG. 20B The formwork system of building structure 2 is shown in top view, wherein the support structure 8 consists of a frame 9 in the form of multiple support arm discs 201, each support arm disc 201 being attached to a support rail 12, wherein the support rail 12 is suspended in the longitudinal direction x at multiple suspension points 200 provided on building structure 2, wherein each suspension point 200 corresponds to a holding element with a suspension adapter 13, and the support rail 12 is guided in a movable manner within the suspension adapter. The suspension points 200 are spaced apart from each other by a distance s, and the direction of movement V corresponds to the longitudinal direction x in both the positive and negative directions. Since there is no support structure on building structure 2 that the support structure 8 must be suspended in a fixed position, the support structure 8 with the formwork 10 can be placed in any position along the direction of movement V. For example, the support arm discs 201 do not necessarily have to be aligned with the suspension points 200 at all times; they can also be arranged between the corresponding suspension points and transfer any load (including their own weight and concrete load) to building structure 2 via the above-described structure, which is essential for the present invention.

[0139] FIG. 21A A perspective view shows the arrangement of a suspension adapter 220 according to another embodiment of the present invention, having a support arm 14 and according to... FIG. 15 The strut 150, the support wall 14 has a pivot 140, the pivot 140 being connected via a connecting shaft 199 (see...).FIG. 19A , FIG. 19B The support plate 141 is hinged to the extension 146, which is adjacent to the side surface 15a of the building structure 2. FIG. 14B As shown. The suspension adapter 220 is configured to attach to the cheeks 30, 30' of the frame 21 of the suspension head 260, or at least partially attach between the cheeks 30, 30' of the frame 21 of the suspension head 260 (see Figure 1). FIG. 21B The suspension adapter 260 is configured to have a receiving element 255 having a contact surface and a through hole (in this case, a retaining bolt receiving hole 256) extending perpendicularly from the contact surface. The receiving element 255 is configured such that a bolt inserted through the through hole from below can extend upwards or in a direction inclined upwards toward structure 2. The axis of the through hole preferably runs through the guide space 23 of the suspension head 260. When secured to the support 90 using retaining bolts 190 and retaining nuts 191, the suspension adapter 260 has upwardly opening and / or top-accessible suspension recesses 222, 232 for downwardly suspending the suspension shaft 268 of the suspension head 260. These recesses (e.g., in the form of notches 223, 233 as shown) are preferably arranged below the suspension recesses 222, 232 for engaging the contact element 269 on the suspension adapter 260 (see...). FIG. 21B ).

[0140] The suspension adapter 220 has two cheek elements 221, 231, preferably spaced apart from each other in parallel in the longitudinal direction x as shown in the figure. Each cheek element has an inner surface that is at least substantially vertical. The inner surfaces of the cheek elements face each other and extend in a direction that is at least substantially parallel to each other. Connecting elements 240, 245, 250 protrude from the outer surfaces of the cheek elements 221, 231 that are opposite to each other in the longitudinal direction x and are arranged vertically. They have through holes 242, 246a, 246b, 251a, 251b for releasably securing the suspension adapter 220 to the building structure 2. As shown in the figure, each of the connecting elements can connect two spaced-apart cheek elements 221, 231 to each other and form a single unit through frame cutouts 225, 226, 227, and at least one rod retaining element (e.g., in the form of upward-opening clamps 259a, 259b) accessible from above when arranged in building structure 2 can be fixed to at least one of the connecting elements 240, 245, 250. In this case, the upward-opening clamps 259a, 259b are each attached to rod retaining mounting plates 258a, 258b, which connect the upper edges of the end portions of the cheek elements 221, 231 that are opposite to each other in the positive and negative longitudinal directions x of the vertically arranged connecting elements 240, 245 to each other.

[0141] The suspension adapter 220 has at least one substantially flat side contact surface, in particular two side contact surfaces 241a, 241b (see side contact surface 241b). FIG. 23 , its in FIG. 21A (Hidden in the middle), when the suspension adapter 220 is mounted on the frame 21, the side contact surface protrudes beyond the frame 21, and the side contact surface is configured to abut against the side surface of the structure 2 when the suspension head is fixed to one of the retaining elements, particularly against two side surfaces arranged substantially orthogonally to each other in this case, and the two side surfaces form a reference edge 2a in the form of the upper surface of the structure 2 with the head bolt 4 and the side surface 2a of the structure 2.

[0142] A support arm 14 can extend from a suspension adapter 220, which is configured to abut against a wall 15a of the building structure 2 when the suspension adapter 220 is secured to one of the retaining elements, each retaining element including elements 90, 190, 191 (see above). For this purpose, the lower end portion of the suspension adapter is hinged to a pivot rod 140 of the support arm 14 via a pivot pin 197 (e.g., in bolt form), the pivot pin 197 being guided in frame holes 224, 234 of cheek elements 221, 231 in the lower end portion of the suspension adapter. As shown, the pivot rod 140 may have a rod retaining element in the form of a clamp 140a on its outer side opposite to the wall 15a.

[0143] FIG. 21B A perspective view of a suspension head 260 according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown, which can be suspended from... FIG. 21A In the suspension adapter 220. The suspension head 260 has two preferably parallel cheeks 30, 30' of the frame 21 to form a guide space 23, each cheek having an inner surface that is at least substantially vertical, wherein the inner surfaces of the cheeks face each other and preferably have an orientation that is at least substantially parallel to each other.

[0144] Locking member 290 protrudes from the outer surfaces of cheeks 30, 30' separated from each other in the longitudinal x-direction, and has locking contact elements 292a, 292b, particularly in the form of screws as shown, whose contact surfaces 292a', 292b' (292a' not on) when the support rail 12 is guided by the suspension head 13. FIG. 21B As shown in the text, but FIG. 24 Each of the elements shown in the figure can be applied to the support rail 12 to lock the suspension head 260 to the support rail. Locking element portions protruding from the outer surfaces of cheeks 30, 30' facing away from each other in the longitudinal direction x each have locking contact elements 292a, 292b, which can be reversibly applied to the support rail 12, thereby preferably connecting the two spaced cheeks 30, 30' to each other, and particularly preferably forming them as a single unit as shown. Screw-like locking contact elements 292a, 292b are each mounted in nut-like locking support elements 293a, 293b arranged in the locking element 290, thereby abutting against the support rail through the locking element portion of the locking element 290, wherein the locking elements 293a, 293b are each connected to the cavity of the locking support elements 293a, 293b through locking holes 291a, 291b.

[0145] The suspension head 260 has a suspension shaft 268 and at least one contact element in the longitudinal direction x between the cheeks 30, 30'. Preferably, as shown, it has an adjacent shaft 269 in the longitudinal direction x between the cheeks, for example by means of holes 262, 272; 263, 273 in the cheeks and pins in the form of bolts 268, 269 in insertion holes or through holes. When the support rail 12 is guided by the suspension head 260, the suspension shaft 268 and the support shaft 269 are arranged between the guide space 23 and the side facing the building structure 2.

[0146] Receiving recesses 266 are provided in the upper portions of each side plate 30, 30', wherein the edge portion of the rod retaining receiving plate 295 is inserted into the receiving recesses 266 to secure the rod retaining receiving plate 295 to the suspension head 260. A rod retaining element 296, in the form of a reversibly closable clamp, is attached to the rod retaining mounting plate 295. Each cheek 30, 30' has a lower supporting surface 264, 274 whose normal vectors are substantially aligned in the z-direction, wherein a connecting plate 278 with a stop plate 279 is arranged on at least a portion of these supporting surfaces to connect the cheeks 30, 30'. A support plate 280 is attached to the connecting plate 278, which can absorb the vertical force component from the support rail 12 and transmit it to the frame 21. The side plates 30, 30' also have cutouts 265, 275 through which another connecting plate 288 with a stop plate 289 is guided. Support plate 281 (not shown, see below) FIG. 23 Attached to connecting plate 288, support plate 281 can absorb the horizontal force component from support rail 12 and transfer it to frame 21. Hole 288a is provided in connecting plate to fix support plate 281 to another connecting plate 228.

[0147] FIG. 22A Several arrangements spaced apart by a distance s are shown, including suspension adapters 220 on the upper side 2d (with head bolts 4), side surface 2b, and wall 15a of side wall 15 of building structure 2, support arms 14 with pivot rods 140, and struts 150 (see [reference]). FIG. 21A The support structure 8 includes a suspension adapter 220, a support arm 14 with a pivot rod 140, and a strut 150. The arrangement of these components is held on the support portion 90 by retaining nuts 191 on the upper side 2d and supported on spacers 146 of the wall 15a. The support structure 8 includes a frame 9 (with side support devices 19), a template panel 10a, a template panel support 10a', and a support rail 12 (with open support rail ends 12a). The support structure 8 is connected via a top support surface 21a (see...). FIG. 5A , 5BThe suspension heads 13 are guided, and each suspension head is housed in the suspension adapter 160 (see...). FIG. 16A , FIG. 16B , FIG. 19A , FIG. 19B The support track 12 is adjacent to and guided by the suspension head 13. The support structure 8 can be configured as a single support platform 300' (see...). FIG. 25A Three suspension adapters 220 are mounted on corresponding retaining elements, and the supports 90 are spaced apart by a distance s in the longitudinal direction x of the reference edge 2a on the building structure 2.

[0148] FIG. 22B Another support structure is shown, comprising a frame 9, track connecting elements 20, support rails 12, template panels 10a, and template panel supports 10a' in the form of a single support structure platform 300. Three suspension heads 260 are each locked to the support rail 12 via locking elements 290 (with locking contact elements 292a, 292b in the form of screws) spaced apart by a distance s. The support rail 12 has an open support rail end portion 12a and a support rail connecting element 12b at each end portion, and can be reversibly coupled to another support rail in the longitudinal direction x by means of the support rail connecting element 12b (arranged at one support rail end portion of the support rail). The support rail connecting element 12b can be inserted into and coupled to another support rail end portion. The support rail 12 is connected to the frame 9 via a plurality of track connecting elements 20 (see also...). FIG. 2 The three suspension heads 260 are connected to each other via rod elements 298 and rod retaining elements 296 of the suspension heads 260, wherein, in the connected state, the longitudinal axis of the rod elements 298 is aligned substantially parallel to another longitudinal axis of the support rail 12. In this way, the position of the suspension heads 260 relative to each other is fixed even when not locked to the support rail 12.

[0149] FIG. 22C The suspension trajectory 304 of the support structure 8 suspended from the crane 302 is shown in a three-dimensional view, where the suspension path from the support structure 8 is shown in a three-dimensional view. FIG. 22B The side support device 16 is used to suspend the suspension head 260 of the support rail 12 arranged on the single support structure platform 300 from the side support device 16. FIG. 22AThe suspension adapter 220 is arranged in a configuration comprising a suspension adapter 220, a support arm 14, and a strut 150. At least a portion of the entire template and the entire support structure is configured as at least one single support platform 300 having a defined length EL in the longitudinal direction x, wherein three suspension heads 260 are arranged apart from each other by a distance v corresponding to a distance s between retaining elements. Each suspension head 260 is arranged to a support rail 12 by means of locking contact elements 292a, 292b, the support rail 12 being mounted to the support structure 8 and its length TL in the longitudinal direction x corresponding to the length EL of the single support structure platform. The three suspension heads 260 are suspended together with the single support structure platform 300 in the suspension adapter 220 in the suspension track 304 by means of the crane 302, such that the suspension shafts 268 of the three suspension heads 260 are each suspended from above in the suspension recesses 222, 232 of the three suspension adapters 220, and the contact elements of the three suspension heads are adjacent to the three suspension adapters at the suspension recesses 223, 232 below their suspension recesses (in the form of notches 223, 232).

[0150] FIG. 23 It shows the output from FIG. 21A A cross-sectional view of the arrangement of the suspension adapter 220, the support arm 14 with pivot 140, and the strut 150, with reference to... FIG. 21B The suspension head 260. For a description of the suspension adapter 220 and the suspension head 260, please refer to [reference needed]. FIG. 21A The description in the text is as follows. Support rail 12 is adjacent to support plates 280, 281, and connecting bolts 20c connect support rail 12 to connecting bolt receiving element 20a via connecting contact element 20b and connecting bolt retaining element 20d in the form of a nut. Connecting bolt receiving element 20a is fixed to and guided within connecting bolt receiving element 20a, thereby attaching frame 9 to track connecting element 20, and template panel support 10a' with template panel 10a is attached to frame 9. Connecting base element 20b, connecting bolt receiving element 20a, connecting bolt retaining element 20d, track connecting element 20, frame 9, template panel support 10a', and template panel 10a can be considered as part of a single support platform 300. FIG. 22B and FIG. 22C The rod element 298 shown is not in FIG. 23 As shown in the image.

[0151] FIG. 24 It shows the source from the support track 12 separated from the support track 12. FIG. 21BA perspective view of the locking mechanism of the suspension head 260. Locking contact elements 292a, 292b (292b not shown) of the three suspension heads 260 are arranged on the locking element 290 and mounted by means of the locking support element 293a. They are all separate from the support rail 12, which is why the locking contact surface 292a' is visible. A clamp-like connecting element 240 and a rod retaining element 259a are also shown.

[0152] FIG. 25A The suspension adapter 220, support arm 14, and strut 150 are shown (see FIG. 22A The arrangement consists of a suspension head 260 (see...) FIG. 22B ), which is installed in the suspension adapter 220, wherein the locking device of the suspension head 260 is released from the support rail 12 (see FIG. 24 ), used to support a single support structure platform 300 (see FIG. 22C It is connected to another support structure that has been arranged on the building structure 2 in the form of a single support structure platform 300'.

[0153] A single support structure platform 300 (with suspension heads 260 arranged at a distance s corresponding to the distance s between suspension adapters and fixed to each other via rod elements 298) is connected in the connection direction w in the negative longitudinal direction x to another single support structure 300' already installed on the building structure 2, such that the circumferential surfaces of the end portions of one support rail 12 of the single support structure platform 300 to be connected and the other support rail 12' of the other single support structure platform 300' already installed are aligned in the longitudinal direction x and arranged between the closest suspension heads 13, 260, one of the nearest suspension heads 260 is arranged on the single support structure platform 300 to be connected and the other of the nearest suspension heads 13 is arranged on the other single support structure platform 300' already assembled, and by moving the single support structure platform 300 to be connected toward the other single support structure platform 300 already assembled, the end portions of one support rail 12 and the other support rail 12' facing each other in the longitudinal direction x are connected in the connection direction w. Preferably, when the support rails 12, 12' are connected, the facing edges of the template panels 10a of the connected individual support structures 300, 300' abut against each other. If the first abutting element 25 and / or the second abutting element 26 of the adjacent suspension head 13 are arranged on another assembled individual support structure platform 300', and their positions are located on the periphery of the cross section with the normal vector along the longitudinal direction x of the other support rail 12', and the support plates 280, 281 of the adjacent suspension head 260 are arranged on the individual support structure platform 300 to be connected, and their positions are located on the periphery of the cross section with the normal vector along the longitudinal direction x corresponding to one support rail 12, then alternatively or additionally, the alignment of the circumferential surfaces of the end portions of one support rail 12 and another support rail 12' facing each other along the longitudinal direction x can align the contact surfaces of these abutting elements 25, 26 with the contact surfaces of these contact plates 280, 281. A connection between the end portions of one support rail 12 and another support rail 12' facing each other in the longitudinal direction x can be established by pushing the support rail connecting element 12b of one support rail 12 into the open end 12a of the other support rail 12', for example by means of one or more locking elements of the support rail connecting element 12b, which engage in one or more recesses in the end portion of the other support rail 12' to establish a reversible connection with the open end 12a.

[0154] The connected single support structure 300 moves in the connection direction w until a support rail 12 leaves the three receiving heads 260, which are separated from the support rail 12 by releasing locking contact elements 292a, 292b.

[0155] FIG. 25B The suspension on the suspension adapter 220 is shown (see FIG. 22B The disengagement trajectory 305 of the suspension head 260 in the suspension head 260, which is suspended by the suspension adapter 220, support arm 14 and strut 150 (see FIG. 22A The suspension adapter 220 is arranged in a configuration consisting of a suspension adapter 220, a support arm 14, and a strut 150. As the connected single support structure platform 300 is displaced in the connection direction w until a support rail 12 leaves the three receiving heads 260, each receiving head 260 disengaging from the support rail 12 by releasing locking contact elements 292a, 292b, the connected single support structure platform 300 is arranged alongside the arrangement of the suspended heads 260, which includes the suspension adapter 220, support arm 14, and strut 150.

[0156] The three suspension heads 260, having been released from support rail 12, subsequently separate individually or in a common separation track 305 from the three suspension adapters 220. The three suspension heads 260 are then separated via rod element 298 and rod retaining element 296 of the suspension head 260 (see...). FIG. 21B and FIG. 23 The rod elements 298 are connected to each other, wherein, in the connected state, the longitudinal axis of the rod element 298 is substantially parallel to and aligned with another longitudinal axis of the support rail 12, thereby ensuring that the three suspension heads 260 released from the support rail 12 can be unloaded together by unloading the rod element 298 (e.g., by means of a lifting device such as a crane 302).

[0157] If the entire formwork system includes more than the connected individual support platforms 300 and the individual support platforms 300' already installed on the building structure 2, then it can be repeated. FIGS. 22B-25B The steps described herein continue until a complete template system comprising more than two individual support structures 300, 300' is erected, the complete template system may also consist of only a single support platform.

[0158] The invention has been described above using an example of an elongated structure 1, particularly a bridge with a driveway. However, the invention is equally applicable to any type of structure 1 to which the cantilevered concrete element will be attached using an on-site concrete structure. Structure 1 need not be elongated in the sense of having a particularly large longitudinal dimension compared to other dimensions; rather, it is also elongated in the sense of the invention if structure 1 has a shell edge extending a certain length, such that the formwork 8 can be suspended from the shell structure by a support rail 12 movably guided on the suspension head 13, so that the concrete load can be transferred to the shell structure via the suspension head 13. In this sense, any such structural shell to which the cantilever component is to be attached can be a support 2 in the sense of the invention.

[0159] It should be understood that reference edge 2a is not limited to sharp edges, but can also be rounded or chamfered edges.

[0160] The features of the invention described with reference to the illustrated and / or described embodiments may also exist in other embodiments of the invention, unless otherwise specified or excluded for technical reasons. In all other respects, the subject matter of the invention is defined only by the independent claim or plural independent claims. Additional subject matter may be formed by any combination of the features described herein that are novel to the prior art and solve an objective problem in a non-obvious manner, without necessarily requiring other features not necessary to solve the problem, even if such other features exist in the embodiments described herein. Details of the embodiments are considered exemplary and optional unless specifically claimed as independent.

[0161] List of reference numerals

[0162] 1. Structure

[0163] 2. Structure (beams, channels)

[0164] 2a Reference Edge

[0165] 2b side surface

[0166] 2c lower surface

[0167] 2D top surface

[0168] 3. Headplate

[0169] 4 Head bolts

[0170] 5 guide rails

[0171] 6. Highlighted parts

[0172] 7. Brim hat

[0173] 8 Support structure formwork bracket

[0174] 9 Frameworks

[0175] 10 Templates

[0176] Template panels 10a and 10b

[0177] 10a' Template panel support

[0178] 11 Work Platform

[0179] 11a Walking board

[0180] 11b Railing

[0181] 12, 12' Support Rails

[0182] 12a Support rail end (opening)

[0183] 12b Support rail connection element

[0184] 13 Suspension Head

[0185] 14 Support Arm

[0186] 15 Sidewalls

[0187] 15a Side surface (wall)

[0188] 16 Side support devices

[0189] 17. Base plate (flange plate)

[0190] 18. Bottom frame (support)

[0191] 19 Connecting plate (flange plate)

[0192] 20 Track connecting elements

[0193] 20a Connecting bolt receiving element

[0194] 20b Connecting contact element

[0195] 20c Connecting bolt (screw)

[0196] 20d Connecting bolt retaining element (nut)

[0197] 21 Framework

[0198] 21a Top contact surface

[0199] 21b Side contact surface

[0200] 22 Inner contour

[0201] 23 Guiding Space

[0202] 24 Opening

[0203] 25 First Adjacent Element

[0204] 25a First contact point (line, surface)

[0205] 26 Second Adjacent Element

[0206] 26a Second contact point (line, surface)

[0207] 27 Pivot rod

[0208] 27a Pivot

[0209] 27b Free end (contact element)

[0210] 28. Stop (hole)

[0211] 29. Latch (pin)

[0212] 30, 30' Cheek

[0213] 30a Inner Surface

[0214] 30b upper wing

[0215] 30C rear wing

[0216] 30d additional plexus

[0217] 31, 32, 33 Connecting plates

[0218] 34, 35 Stop plates

[0219] 36 Support Plates

[0220] 37 holes

[0221] 38, 38' Direction of force

[0222] 39 Longitudinal groove

[0223] 40' and 40' side mounting plates

[0224] 41 Pipe section

[0225] 42, 43, 42', 43' Support plates

[0226] 44 rolls

[0227] 45 Support shaft

[0228] 50 rear connecting plate

[0229] 51 Upper connecting plate

[0230] 52' and 52' support plates

[0231] 53 Support Plate

[0232] 54 Assembly space

[0233] 55 Stop plate

[0234] 56 Surface

[0235] 57. Center point

[0236] 58 Installation opening

[0237] 59 Installation Structure

[0238] 60 threaded bolt

[0239] 61 Head

[0240] 62 nuts

[0241] 70 Installation wedge

[0242] 71 First wedge surface

[0243] 72 Second wedge surface

[0244] 73 Narrow end surface

[0245] 74 Wide-end surface

[0246] Surfaces 75 and 76

[0247] 77' and 77' side surfaces

[0248] 78 Through Hole

[0249] 80 Through Hole (Retaining Element)

[0250] 81 Mounting Surface

[0251] 82 Inner boundary surface

[0252] 83 Outer boundary surface

[0253] 90 Support section

[0254] 91 Tightening Legs

[0255] 92 Keep your legs

[0256] 93 Reinforcing Ribs

[0257] 94 Retaining Hole

[0258] 95 Retaining bolts

[0259] 96 nuts

[0260] 97 mounting holes

[0261] 100 Pivot

[0262] 100a, 100b side bars

[0263] 100c connecting rod

[0264] 101 Contact element

[0265] 102 Contact Surface

[0266] 103 Drive Shaft

[0267] 104 Anti-rotation device

[0268] 105 Locking Pin

[0269] 106 Support Hole

[0270] 107 Notch

[0271] 108 concavity

[0272] 109 Through Hole

[0273] 110 Connector

[0274] 111 Shell

[0275] 112' side panels

[0276] 113, 113' connecting plate

[0277] 114 Support Plate

[0278] 115 guide tube

[0279] 116 Support Hole

[0280] 120 Pivot

[0281] 121 Bolt (Pivot Range Limiter)

[0282] 122 holes

[0283] 130 strut

[0284] 131 end

[0285] Nuts 132 and 133

[0286] 134 Pivot

[0287] 135 Cotter pin (fixing element)

[0288] 140 Pivot

[0289] 140a Rod retaining element (clamp)

[0290] 141 Contact element

[0291] 142 Contact Surface

[0292] 143 Pivot

[0293] 144 Cotter pin (fixing element)

[0294] 146 Balance

[0295] 150 strut

[0296] 151, 151' joint

[0297] 152 Clamping parts

[0298] 153 Central Section

[0299] 154, 154' mating threaded portion

[0300] 155 support head

[0301] 156 Support Eye

[0302] 157, 157' threaded portion

[0303] 160 suspension adapter

[0304] Frame components 161, 162, and 163

[0305] 163a Side mounting surface

[0306] 164 Support Holes

[0307] 165 Fastening Hole

[0308] 166 through hole

[0309] 170 suspension adapter

[0310] 171 Framework

[0311] 172' and 172' side panels

[0312] Connecting plates 173, 174, and 175

[0313] 176 Support Hole

[0314] 177 Through Hole

[0315] 180 suspension adapter

[0316] 181 Frame Components

[0317] 182 Stopping element

[0318] 183 Support Hole

[0319] 184 through hole

[0320] 185 mounting holes

[0321] 190 retaining bolt

[0322] 191 Retaining nut

[0323] 192 Support Bolts

[0324] 195, 195' internal thread

[0325] 196, 106 external threads

[0326] 197, 198, 199 Connecting shafts

[0327] 200 suspension points

[0328] 201 Cantilever Disc

[0329] 220 suspension adapter

[0330] 221 and 231 side components (frame plate)

[0331] 222, 232 Suspension recess

[0332] 223, 233 system notch

[0333] 224, 234 frame holes

[0334] Frame cuts 225, 226, 227

[0335] 240, 245, 250 connecting elements

[0336] 241a, 241b contact surfaces

[0337] 242 Through Hole

[0338] 246a, 246b through holes

[0339] 251a, 251b through holes

[0340] 255 Retaining Bolt Receiving Element

[0341] 256 Retaining bolt receiving hole

[0342] 258a, 258b rod retaining plates

[0343] 259a, 259b Rod retaining elements (clamps)

[0344] 260 Suspension Head

[0345] 261, 271 connecting plates

[0346] Through holes 262 and 272

[0347] Through holes 263 and 273

[0348] 264, 274 Support surfaces

[0349] 265, 275 incisions

[0350] 266 Installation recess

[0351] 268 Suspension shaft (pin)

[0352] 269 ​​Adjacent shafts (pins)

[0353] 278, 288 connecting plates

[0354] 288a Hole

[0355] 279, 289 Stop plates

[0356] 280, 281 support plates

[0357] 290 Locking element

[0358] Locking holes 291a and 291b

[0359] 292a, 292b Locking contact elements (screws)

[0360] 292a', 292b' Locking surfaces

[0361] 293a, 293b Locking support element (nut)

[0362] 295 bar retainer plate

[0363] 296 Rod retaining element (clamp)

[0364] 298 rod components

[0365] 300' and 300' Single-row Support Structure Platform

[0366] 302 Lifting device (crane)

[0367] 304 Suspension Track

[0368] 305 Uninstallation Tracking

[0369] A support shaft

[0370] M center plane

[0371] V is the direction of travel.

[0372] s distance

[0373] w Connection direction

[0374] x Vertical direction

[0375] y-width direction

[0376] z Normal direction

[0377] α is the angle between the directions of the applied forces.

[0378] The above list is part of the instruction manual.

Claims

1. A suspension head (13) for movably guiding a support track (12) of a support structure (8) for a formwork (10), the support structure (8) being, in particular, in the form of a bottom-moving formwork bracket, for pouring concrete portions, particularly overhanging portions, that protrude laterally from a reference edge (2a) of the building structure (2) of the building (1), wherein retaining elements are arranged to be spaced apart from each other along the reference edge (2a) in the longitudinal direction (x) along the building structure, wherein, The suspension head (13) is configured to be detachably fixed to one of the retaining elements, such that the loads of the support structure (8) transmitted to the suspension head (13) via the support rail (12), particularly its own weight and the concrete load of the formwork (10), can be introduced into the building structure (2) of the building (1) via the suspension head (13) and the retaining element, wherein the suspension head (13) is further configured to guide the support rail (12) in the longitudinal direction (x) when the support rail (12) is guided, and the suspension head (13) includes a frame (21) defining a guide space (23) for the support rail (12) having an inner contour (22) with a C-shaped or claw-shaped cross-section, wherein an opening (24) preferably faces away from the building structure (2) for movably connecting the support rail (12) to the formwork (10). The remaining portion of the support structure (8) is provided, wherein a first abutment element (25) and a second abutment element (26) are each arranged on the portion of the frame (21) facing the guide space (23), such that the first abutment element (25) is able to absorb the horizontal force component from the support rail (12) and the second abutment element (26) is able to absorb the vertical force component from the support rail (12) and transmit them to the frame (21), wherein, when the support rail (12) is guided by the suspension head (13), the first abutment element (25) is adjacent to a first contact point (25a) on the side of the support rail (12) facing away from the building structure (2), the first contact point (25a) being further from the building structure (2) in the horizontal direction than the second contact point (26a), and the second abutment element (26) is adjacent to the support rail (12) at the second contact point (26a).

2. The suspension head (13, 260) according to claim 1, wherein, The first adjacent element (25) and the second adjacent element (26) comprise rollers or attachment plates or coatings, which are preferably detachably fixed to the frame (21) and, in the case of the attachment plate, have a substantially flat or substantially flat convex or convex or concave contact surface adjacent to the support rail (12) when the support rail (12) is guided by the suspension head (13), wherein the support plate is preferably made of a sliding support material and / or has a groove extending in the longitudinal direction (x).

3. The suspension head (13, 260) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The force absorption directions of the first adjacent element (25) and the second adjacent element (26) form an angle of at least 30° or at least 40° or at least 60° or at least 75° or at least 90° and / or at most 150° or at most 130° or at most 115° or at most 90° with each other, particularly an angle of about 110°, and / or the force absorption direction of the first adjacent element (25) extends or deviates from the horizontal direction by at most 5° or at most 10° or at most 15° or at most 20° or at most 25° or at most 30° or at most 35° or at most 40° or at most 45°.

4. The suspension head (13) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The frame (21) has at least a substantially flat side contact surface configured to abut against the side surface of the building structure (2) when the suspension head is fixed to one of the retaining elements, wherein the frame (21) preferably has one or more through holes and / or at least one elongated through hole extending through the side contact surface for tightening and / or aligning with the side surface.

5. The suspension head (13) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The frame (21) has at least a substantially flat top contact surface configured to abut the downward-facing surface of the building structure (2) when the suspension head is fixed to one of the retaining elements, wherein the frame (21) preferably has one or more through holes and / or at least one elongated through hole extending through the top contact surface for tightening and / or aligning with the downward-facing surface of the building structure (2).

6. The suspension head (13, 260) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The frame (21) has two preferably parallel cheeks (30, 30') spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction (x), each of the cheeks (30, 30') having an inner surface that is at least substantially vertical, wherein the inner surfaces of the cheeks face each other and preferably have an orientation that is at least substantially parallel to each other.

7. The suspension head (13) according to claim 6, wherein, The inner surface defines an installation space (54) between the inner surfaces, the installation space (54) being accessible from above through the installation opening (58), and preferably accessible from below, and / or from the side opposite to the building structure (2), or from below at an angle, through the processing opening.

8. The suspension head (13) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein, The cheeks are connected to each other by intermediate parts such as attached plates, profiles or tubes or by portions angled along the longitudinal direction (x), or are integrally formed together.

9. The suspension head (260) according to claim 8, wherein, At least one locking element (290) protrudes from the outer surface of one of the cheeks along the longitudinal direction (x), the at least one locking element (290) having locking contact elements (292a, 292b), the locking contact elements (292a, 292b) being particularly in the form of screws, the contact surfaces (292a', 292b') of the locking contact elements (292a, 292b) being able to be applied to the support rail (12) so as to lock the suspension head (260) to the support rail when the support rail (12) is guided by the suspension head (13).

10. The suspension head (260) according to claim 9, wherein, Locking element portions protrude from the outer surfaces of the cheeks that are opposite to each other in the longitudinal direction (x), each having locking contact elements (292a, 292b) that can be reversibly applied to the support track (12), wherein the locking element (290) preferably connects the two spaced cheeks to each other, and particularly preferably is formed as one piece.

11. The suspension head (260) according to claim 9 or 10, having at least one suspension shaft (268) on or between the cheeks in the longitudinal direction (x), and having at least one contact element on or between the cheeks, the at least one contact element preferably being an adjacent shaft (269) in the longitudinal direction (x), for example by means of a hole in the cheek and a pin, for example a bolt, inserted into or passing through the hole, wherein, When the support rail (12) is guided by the suspension head (260), the suspension shaft and the contact element are arranged between the guide space (23) and the side facing the building structure (2), or on the side of the cheek facing the building structure (2).

12. The suspension head (13) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein, Each cheek portion has a receiving structure disposed on its inner surface. Each receiving structure has a downward-facing receiving surface inclined toward the structure (2), an inner boundary surface extending downward from the receiving surface, and an outer boundary surface extending downward from the receiving surface. The inner boundary surface is closer to the building structure (2) than the outer boundary surface. A mounting wedge is provided therein, the mounting wedge having a shape adapted to the receiving structure. The mounting wedge has a first wedge surface and a second wedge surface, a narrow end surface connecting the wedge surface at a narrowing end, a wide end surface connecting the wedge surface at an enlarging end, and preferably two substantially parallel side surfaces, such that the mounting wedge can be supported by the receiving surface through the first wedge surface. The second wedge-shaped surface faces away from the receiving surface, and the narrow end surface can optionally be at least partially supported on the inner boundary surface or the outer boundary surface, while the wide end surface is at least partially supported on the outer boundary surface or the inner boundary surface, and the side surfaces are held between the inner surfaces of the cheeks facing each other, wherein the through hole extends from the surface normal from the second wedge-shaped surface to the first wedge-shaped surface, and the mounting opening (58) is configured such that a bolt guided through the through hole can extend upward through the mounting opening (58) or in a direction inclined upward toward the structure (2), wherein the axis of the through hole preferably extends through the guide space (23).

13. The suspension head (13) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein, A suspension adapter is provided, which can be fastened between the cheeks on the frame (21) and has a contact element having a contact surface and a through hole extending perpendicularly from the contact surface, wherein the contact element is configured such that a bolt guided from below through the through hole can extend upward through the mounting opening (58) or in an upwardly inclined direction toward the building structure (2), wherein the axis of the through hole preferably runs through the guide space (23).

14. The suspension head (13) according to claim 13, wherein, The suspension adapter is connected to or can be connected to the frame (21) by at least one bolt, preferably two bolts, particularly threaded bolts, which pass through the suspension adapter and the cheek via at least one through hole, preferably two through holes aligned along the respective fastening axes, wherein, preferably, at least two fastening axes are provided.

15. The suspension head (13) according to claim 12 or 13, wherein, The suspension adapter has at least one substantially flat side contact surface that protrudes beyond the frame (21) when the suspension adapter is mounted on the frame (21), and the side contact surface is configured to abut against the side surface of the building structure (2) when the suspension head is fixed to one of the retaining elements.

16. The suspension head (13) according to claim 13 or 14, wherein, The device is provided with a plurality of suspension adapters that can be selectively used with the suspension head (13), and each suspension adapter has a through hole extending in a different direction relative to the frame (21) when the respective suspension adapter is installed on the frame (21).

17. The suspension head (260) according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein, A suspension adapter (220) is provided, which can be fastened or at least partially fastened between the cheeks on the frame (21), and has a receiving element (255) having a contact surface and a through hole extending perpendicularly from the contact surface, wherein the receiving element is configured such that a bolt inserted from below through the through hole can extend upward or in a direction inclined upward toward the building structure (2), wherein the axis of the through hole preferably extends through the guide space (23), wherein the suspension adapter (220) has an upward opening and / or a top-accessible suspension recess (222, 232) when fixed to one of the retaining elements for suspending the suspension shaft (268) downward, wherein, preferably, a recess in the form of a notch (223) is provided below the suspension recess for the adjacent element to abut against.

18. The suspension head (260) according to claim 17, wherein, The suspension adapter (220) has two preferably parallel cheek elements (221, 231) spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction (x), each of the cheek elements (221, 231) having at least a substantially vertical inner surface, wherein the inner surfaces of the cheek elements face each other and preferably have at least a substantially parallel orientation, wherein preferably, connecting elements (240, 245, 250) protrude from the outer surfaces of the cheek elements that are opposite to each other in the longitudinal direction (x) and are arranged vertically. (240, 245, 250) have through holes (242, 246a, 246b, 251a, 251b) for releasably securing the suspension adapter to the structure (2), wherein, particularly preferably, each of the connecting elements connects two spaced cheek elements to each other and is particularly preferably integrally formed, and at least one rod retaining element (259a, 259b) in the form of an upwardly opening clamp is secured to at least one of the connecting elements (240, 245, 250).

19. The suspension head (260) according to any one of claims 17 or 18, wherein, The suspension adapter has at least one substantially flat side contact surface, particularly two side contact surfaces (241a, 241b) arranged substantially orthogonally to each other, which protrude beyond the frame (21) when the suspension adapter is mounted to the frame (21), and are configured to be adjacent to the side surface of the structure (2) when the suspension head is fixed to one of the retaining elements, particularly adjacent to the two side surfaces arranged substantially orthogonally to each other and forming a reference edge (2a).

20. The suspension head (260) according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein, The support arm (14) extends from the suspension adapter (220) and is configured to abut against the wall of the building structure (2) when the suspension adapter (220) is fixed to one of the retaining elements.

21. The suspension head (13) according to any one of claims 1 to 8 and 12 to 16, wherein, The support arm (14) extends from the frame (21) and is configured to abut against the wall of the building structure (2) when the suspension head (13) is fixed to one of the retaining elements.

22. An arrangement comprising a suspension head (13, 260) and a support rail (12) for a support structure (8) for a formwork (10), the support rail (12) being movably guided by the suspension head (13), particularly in the form of a bottom-moving formwork bracket, for pouring concrete portions, particularly suspended concrete portions, that protrude laterally from a reference edge (2a) of the building structure (2) of the building (1), having retaining elements disposed on the building structure (2) in the longitudinal direction (x) of the reference edge (2a), wherein, The suspension head (13) can be detachably fixed to one of the retaining elements, and the suspension head (13) can be configured such that the load of the support structure (8) can be introduced into the structure (2) of the building (1) via the suspension head (13) and the retaining element, wherein the suspension head (13) is constructed according to one of the preceding claims, and the frame (21) of the suspension head (13) surrounds the cross-sectional profile of the support rail (12) or at least its guided portion in a C-shape or claw-like manner, such that the first abutment element (25) abuts the first contact point (25a) on the side of the support rail (12) opposite to the building structure (2), and the second abutment element (26) abuts the second contact point (26a) on the support rail (12).

23. The arrangement according to claim 22, wherein, The support rail (12) has a closed cross-section, wherein preferably, the support rail (12) is reversibly connected to another support rail in the longitudinal direction (x), particularly preferably by means of a support rail connecting element (12b) arranged at the end portion of the support rail, the support rail connecting element (12b) being able to be inserted into and connected to another end portion of the other support rail.

24. A formwork system comprising a formwork (10), a support rail (12), retaining elements, and a plurality of suspension heads (13), the formwork (10) having a support structure (8) in particular in the form of a bottom-moving formwork bracket for pouring concrete portions, particularly overhanging portions, that protrude laterally from a reference edge (2a) of a building structure (2) of a building (1), the support rail (12) being on or as part of the support structure (8), the retaining elements being arranged at a distance from each other in the longitudinal direction (x) of the reference edge (2a) on the structure (2), and the plurality of suspension heads (13) for movably guiding the support rail (12), wherein, Each of the suspension heads (13) is arranged and configured to be detachably fixed to one of the retaining elements, such that the load of the support structure (8) can be introduced into the building structure (2) of the building (1) via the suspension heads (13) and the retaining elements, wherein each of the suspension heads (13) is constructed according to any one of claims 1 to 21.

25. The template system according to claim 24, wherein, The retaining element has a hole for flange attachment of the suspension head (13) by means of a threaded bolt (80) and / or for alignment of the suspension head (13) by means of a pin or the like, wherein the hole is preferably located on the underside and / or side surface of the building structure (2).

26. The template system according to claim 24 or 25, wherein, The retaining element has a support (90) for fastening to the upper side of the building structure (2), wherein the retaining element has a fastening leg and a retaining leg, the fastening leg for fastening the retaining element to the upper side of the building structure (2), the retaining leg having a retaining hole for retaining the suspension head (13) by means of a retaining bolt, wherein when the suspension head (13) is attached to the building structure (2), the retaining hole and the hole on the suspension head (13) for attaching the retaining bolt are substantially aligned with each other, wherein in the attached state of the suspension head (13), the angle between the retaining bolt and the horizontal plane is preferably 45°, with an upward or downward deviation of at most 1° or at most 2° or at most 3° or at most 5° or at most 10° or at most 15° or at most 20°.

27. The template system according to any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein, The support structure (8) has a lateral support below the support rail (12) that can laterally support the support structure (8) against the wall of the building structure (2) so as to transfer the torque acting around the support rail (12) to the building structure (2) of the building (1).

28. The template system according to any one of claims 24 to 27, wherein, The elements of the formwork system and the number of the suspension heads (13) per unit length of the formwork (10) are configured such that the load-bearing capacity of the support structure (8) is self-supporting to the building structure (2), especially in the absence of additional support structures such as tie rods between the support scaffolding attached to the building structure (2) and the support structure (8), so that the formwork (10) can be positioned at any point in the longitudinal direction (x) so that the concrete portion can be poured.

29. A method for assembling a formwork system according to any one of claims 24 to 28, wherein, with reference back to the suspension head (260) according to any one of claims 11 and 17 to 20, the formwork system comprises a formwork (10) having a support structure (8) in particular in the form of a bottom-moving formwork bracket for casting concrete portions, particularly suspended concrete portions, that project laterally from a reference edge (2a) of the building structure (2) of the building (1) onto the building structure (2), the method comprising the steps of: a) At least two suspension adapters (220), preferably three suspension adapters, are each mounted on one of a plurality of retaining elements arranged on the building structure (2) at a distance (s) from each other in the longitudinal direction (x) of the reference edge (2a). b) The template (10) and the support structure (8) are designed as a single support platform (300) having a defined length (EL) in the longitudinal direction (x), wherein at least two suspension heads (260), preferably three suspension heads (260), are spaced apart from each other at a distance corresponding to the distance (s) between the retaining elements, each suspension head being connected to the support rail (12) by at least one locking contact element (292a, 292b), the support rail (12) being mounted on the support structure (8) and its length (TL) in the longitudinal direction (x) corresponding to the length (EL) of the single support structure platform. c) For example, by means of a crane (302), the at least two suspension heads (260) are mounted together with the single support structure platform (300) onto the suspension adapter (220) in an installation trajectory (304), such that the suspension shafts (268) of the at least two suspension heads are each suspended from above into the suspension recesses (222, 232) of the at least two suspension adapters, and the contact elements of the at least two suspension heads are adjacent to the at least two suspension adapters, preferably adjacent to a recess below the suspension recess, which is particularly preferably in the form of a notch (223). d) Release the locking contact elements (292a, 292b) of the at least two suspension heads from the support rail (12). e) Connect the single support structure platform (300) in the connection direction (w) in the positive or negative longitudinal direction (x) to another single support structure platform (300') already installed on the building structure (2), such that the circumferential surfaces of the end portions of one support rail (12) of the single support structure platform (300) to be connected and the other support rail (12') of the other installed single support structure platform (300') opposite each other in the longitudinal direction (x) are arranged between the suspension heads (13, 260) arranged closest to each other (13, 260), wherein one of the nearest suspension heads (260) is arranged on the single support structure platform (300) to be connected, and the nearest suspension head (13, 260) Another support rail is arranged on the assembled single support structure platform (300'). Preferably, the longitudinal axis of one support rail (12, 12') is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the other support rail at their facing end portions. By moving the single support structure platform (300) to be connected toward the assembled single support member platform (300'), the facing end portions of the one support rail (12) and the other support rail (12') in the longitudinal direction (x) are connected in the connection direction (w). Preferably, in the connected state of the support rails (12, 12'), the facing edges of the template panels (10a) of the connected single support structures (300, 300') abut against each other. f) Move the connected single support structure platform (300) in the connection direction (w) until the support rail (12) moves away from at least two receiving heads (260), each of the at least two receiving heads (260) separating from the support rail (12) by releasing the locking contact elements (292a, 292b). g) Unload the at least two suspension heads (260) released from the support rail (12) individually or in a common unloading trajectory (305) from the at least two suspension adapters (220). h) If the entire formwork system includes more connected individual support structures (300) and individual support structures (300') already installed on the building structure, repeat steps b) to g) until a complete formwork system consisting of more than two individual support structures (300, 300'), preferably composed of individual support structures, is erected.

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein, In step c), the at least two suspension heads (260) are connected to each other via at least one rod element (298) and a rod retaining element (296) of the suspension head (260), wherein, preferably, in the connected state, the longitudinal axis of the rod element (298) is substantially parallel to another longitudinal axis of the support rail (12) in order to fix the position of the suspension heads (260) relative to each other and / or to ensure that the at least two suspension heads (260) released from the support rail (12) by, for example, unloading by the crane (302) in step g) are disconnected together.

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