Navigation water level determination method and system based on ship noise interference evaluation

Abstract

The invention discloses a navigation water level determination method and system based on ship noise interference assessment, and the method comprises the steps: S10, carrying out the ship noise simulation test of different types of wetland waterfowls in a navigation lake overwintering waterfowl gathering region, obtaining behavior observation data of various types of wetland waterfowls under the scenes of not playing the ship noise audio and playing the ship noise audio; s20: respectively determining interference distance threshold values of ship noise to various types of wetland waterfowls; S30: respectively determining interference degree values of various types of wetland waterfowls at various selected water levels; and S40: carrying out weighted summation on the interference degree values of various types of wetland waterfowls at the same selected water level, and taking the selected water level corresponding to the minimum weighted summation value as a navigation design water level. According to the method, the interference degree of ship noise on waterfowl behaviors at different water levels is quantized, the navigation design water level is determined in combination with the quantized value of the interference degree, and the current protection requirement for waterfowl diversity can be met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the intersection technical field of ship navigation and wetland water bird protection, and in particular to a navigation water level determination method and system based on ship noise interference evaluation. BACKGROUND

[0002] Currently, some scholars have begun to study the impact of ship noise on water birds, but due to the difficulty of wintering water bird observation and ship noise impact test, the research on the impact of ship noise on water birds is relatively less.

[0003] Chinese patent with publication number CN116539008A discloses a lake navigation range determination method based on the impact of ship noise on water birds, which comprises: determining the impact distance of ship noise on typical wintering water birds through ship noise simulation test; obtaining the navigation water level in combination with the navigation working condition, determining the suitable habitat distribution range of wintering water birds based on the wetland type classification result corresponding to the navigation water level; and delineating the lake navigation range in combination with the impact distance and the suitable habitat distribution range, so that the delineated lake navigation range is more in line with the protection needs of water bird biodiversity.

[0004] Chinese patent with publication number CN117309029A discloses a test method for simulating the impact of ship navigation on water birds under the influence of water level rise, which comprehensively considers the ship navigation working condition and the suitable habitat distribution range corresponding to the water level under the ship navigation working condition, determines the impact of ship navigation on wintering water birds' behavior under the combined scenario of ship navigation and water level rise during the wintering period of migratory birds through in-situ test of navigation working condition and simulation test of water level rise suitable habitat, so as to provide a basis for judging whether the lake is suitable for navigation under the influence scenario of water level rise during the wintering period of migratory birds.

[0005] The Chinese patent with publication number CN116539008A considers the impact of ship noise on water birds when determining the lake navigation range. The test method of the Chinese patent with publication number CN117309029A analyzes the impact of ship navigation on wintering water birds' behavior under the combined scenario of ship navigation and water level rise during the wintering period of migratory birds. However, none of the above patents quantifies the impact of ship noise, specifically, the interference degree of ship noise on water birds' behavior under different navigation water levels, nor does it involve introducing wetland water bird protection constraints when determining the navigation water level. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a navigation water level determination method and system based on ship noise interference evaluation. The present application quantifies the interference degree of ship noise on water birds' behavior under different water levels, and determines the navigation water level in combination with the interference degree quantification value, thereby introducing wetland water bird protection constraints in the determination of navigation water level, which can meet the current protection needs of water bird biodiversity.

[0007] This application provides a method for determining navigation water level based on ship noise interference assessment, including: S10: Conduct ship noise simulation experiments on different species of wetland waterbirds in wintering waterbird gathering areas of navigable lakes, including: obtaining behavioral observation data of the same species of wetland waterbirds at different noise source distances, firstly in a scenario without playing ship noise audio, and recording it as the first observation data; then obtaining behavioral observation data of the same species of wetland waterbirds in a scenario with playing ship noise audio, and recording it as the second observation data; wherein, the behavioral observation data includes the proportion of waterbirds in each behavior; S20: Determine the interference distance threshold of ship noise for various types of wetland birds, including: obtaining the change sequence of the second observation data of the same type of wetland bird relative to the first observation data, performing abrupt change point detection on the change sequence, and the distance of the noise source corresponding to the abrupt change point is the interference distance threshold of the wetland bird of that type. S30: Determine the disturbance level of various wetland waterbird species at each selected water level, including: taking the navigable lake channel as the central axis, determining the noise interference area of ​​wetland waterbirds based on the interference distance threshold; overlaying the distribution data of the same type of wetland waterbirds at the selected water level during the wintering period of the navigable lake, and calculating the proportion of the number of individuals of that type of wetland waterbird in the noise interference area, i.e., the disturbance level of that type of wetland waterbird at the selected water level; wherein, the selected water level is close to the navigation design water level; S40: The disturbance levels of various wetland birds at the same selected water level are weighted and summed, and the selected water level corresponding to the minimum weighted sum is taken as the navigation design water level.

[0008] Optionally, ship noise simulation tests can be conducted during the peak wintering season for waterbirds.

[0009] Optionally, the method for recording ship noise audio is as follows: when a representative ship type is fully loaded and sailing upstream, record the ship noise audio at a distance d from the ship's exhaust pipe; at the same time, monitor the equivalent A-weighted sound level at a distance d from the ship's exhaust pipe over a period of time t, and use it as the maximum noise intensity; Additionally, when playing ship noise audio, first adjust the volume until the noise intensity at a distance d from the sound source reaches the maximum noise intensity; then play it continuously for a period of time t, observe the behavior of wetland waterbirds during the playback period, and obtain the behavioral observation data of wetland waterbirds. Wherein, the value of d ranges from 1m to 10m, and the value of t ranges from 5min to 10min.

[0010] Optionally, the behavior includes normal roosting activities, vigilance, and escape; and the change sequence is a change sequence of the proportion of waterbirds with normal roosting activities, or a change sequence of the sum of the proportions of waterbirds with vigilance and escape.

[0011] Optionally, the disturbance levels of various wetland waterbirds at the same selected water level are summed by weight. The weight of each type of wetland waterbird is assigned according to its protection level and endangerment level. Wetland waterbirds with higher protection levels are assigned higher weights, and wetland waterbirds with higher endangerment levels are assigned higher weights.

[0012] Furthermore, the weights for various types of wetland waterbirds are assigned based on their level of protection and endangerment, with specific rules including: (1) When wetland waterbirds are national key protected wild animals and are protected at the first level of national key protection, they are assigned a weight of 100; when they are protected at the second level of national key protection, they are assigned a weight of 50. (2) When wetland waterbirds are endangered species, the weight is 100 when the degree of endangerment is extinct or extinct in the wild; the weight is 80 when the degree of endangerment is critically endangered; the weight is 60 when the degree of endangerment is endangered; the weight is 40 when the degree of endangerment is vulnerable; and the weight is 20 when the degree of endangerment is near endangered. (3) When wetland waterbirds are both national key protected wild animals and endangered species, the larger weight shall be taken as the final weight after the weights are determined according to rules (1) and (2). (4) If wetland waterbirds are neither nationally protected wild animals nor endangered species, they are assigned a weight of 10.

[0013] Another aspect of this application provides a navigation water level determination system based on ship noise interference assessment, comprising: The first module is used to receive first and second observation data of different species of wetland waterbirds; wherein, the first observation data is wetland waterbird behavior observation data obtained in a scenario where ship noise audio is not played; the second observation data is wetland waterbird behavior observation data obtained in a scenario where ship noise audio is played; the first and second observation data respectively include the proportion of waterbirds with each behavior at different noise source distances; The second module is used to determine the interference distance threshold of ship noise to various types of wetland birds, including: obtaining the change sequence of the second observation data of the same type of wetland bird relative to the first observation data, performing abrupt change point detection on the change sequence, and the distance of the noise source corresponding to the abrupt change point is the interference distance threshold of the wetland bird of that type. The third module is used to determine the disturbance level of various wetland waterbirds at each selected water level. This includes: using the navigable lake channel as the central axis, determining the noise interference area of ​​wetland waterbirds based on the interference distance threshold; overlaying the distribution data of the same type of wetland waterbird at the selected water level during the wintering period of the navigable lake, and statistically analyzing the proportion of individuals of that type of wetland waterbird in the noise interference area, i.e., the disturbance level of that type of wetland waterbird at the selected water level; wherein, the selected water level is close to the navigation design water level; The fourth module is used to perform a weighted summation of the disturbance levels of various wetland birds at the same selected water level, and the selected water level corresponding to the minimum weighted summation value is taken as the navigation design water level.

[0014] Optionally, the first and second observation data are obtained by conducting ship noise simulation experiments on different species of wetland waterbirds in the wintering waterbird gathering area of ​​navigable lakes. Specifically, at different noise source distances, behavioral observation data of the same species of wetland waterbirds are first obtained in a scenario without playing ship noise audio, and recorded as the first observation data; then, behavioral observation data of the same species of wetland waterbirds are obtained in a scenario with playing ship noise audio, and recorded as the second observation data; wherein, the behavioral observation data includes the proportion of waterbirds in each behavior.

[0015] Optionally, the behavior includes normal roosting activities, vigilance, and escape; and the change sequence is a change sequence of the proportion of waterbirds with normal roosting activities, or a change sequence of the sum of the proportions of waterbirds with vigilance and escape.

[0016] Optionally, when weighted summing the disturbance levels of various wetland bird species at the same selected water level, the weights of each species are assigned based on their level of protection and endangerment. Specific rules include: (1) When wetland waterbirds are national key protected wild animals and are protected at the first level of national key protection, they are assigned a weight of 100; when they are protected at the second level of national key protection, they are assigned a weight of 50. (2) When wetland waterbirds are endangered species, the weight is 100 when the degree of endangerment is extinct or extinct in the wild; the weight is 80 when the degree of endangerment is critically endangered; the weight is 60 when the degree of endangerment is endangered; the weight is 40 when the degree of endangerment is vulnerable; and the weight is 20 when the degree of endangerment is near endangered. (3) When wetland waterbirds are both national key protected wild animals and endangered species, the larger weight shall be taken as the final weight after the weights are determined according to rules (1) and (2). (4) If wetland waterbirds are neither nationally protected wild animals nor endangered species, they are assigned a weight of 10.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages and beneficial effects: This application introduces wetland bird protection constraints when determining the navigation design water level. Specifically, by quantifying the degree of interference of ship noise on waterbird behavior under different selected water levels, the selected water level with the least interference is selected as the navigation design water level, which can reduce the impact of ship noise on wetland waterbirds and thus meet the current needs for waterbird diversity protection. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for determining the navigable water level in this application; Figure 2 This is an overlay image of the distribution of Great Egrets in the wintering waterbird gathering area in November 2019; Figure 3 This is an overlay image of the distribution of bean geese in the wintering waterbird gathering area in November 2019; Figure 4 This is an overlay image of the distribution of grey herons in the wintering waterbird gathering area in November 2019; Figure 5 This is an overlay image showing the distribution of Great Egrets in the wintering waterbird gathering area in December 2019; Figure 6 This is an overlay image of the distribution of bean geese in the wintering waterbird gathering area in December 2019; Figure 7 This is an overlay image of the distribution of grey herons in the wintering waterbird gathering area in December 2019; Figure 8 This is an overlay image showing the distribution of Great Egrets in the wintering waterbird gathering area in January 2020. Figure 9 This is an overlay image of the distribution of bean geese in the wintering waterbird gathering area in January 2020; Figure 10 This is an overlay image of the distribution of grey herons in the wintering waterbird gathering area in January 2020. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution and effects of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments. Obviously, the specific embodiments described are only a part of the specific embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the specific embodiments in this application, all other specific embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] The following will combine Figure 1 The specific implementation process of the method for determining the navigable water level in this application is described in detail below, with the specific steps as follows: S10: Conduct ship noise simulation experiments on different species of wetland waterbirds in the wintering waterbird gathering area of ​​navigable lakes, including: at different noise source distances, firstly, in a scenario without playing ship noise audio, obtain behavioral observation data of the same species of wetland waterbirds, which is recorded as the first observation data; then, in a scenario with playing ship noise audio, obtain behavioral observation data of the same species of wetland waterbirds, which is recorded as the second observation data.

[0022] In this specific embodiment, the behavioral observation data includes the number of individual waterbirds exhibiting each behavior and the percentage of individual waterbirds exhibiting each behavior.

[0023] In this application, the ship noise simulation test is conducted during the peak wintering season for waterbirds, and the wetland waterbird species used in the test are artificially selected. For example, typical wintering waterbirds can be selected, which refer to wintering waterbirds that are abundant in the wintering waterbird gathering area. In this specific embodiment, three wetland waterbird species, namely the Great Egret, Bean Goose, and Grey Heron, are selected for the ship noise simulation test.

[0024] The behavioral observation data mentioned above are based on the reactive behaviors of wetland waterbirds. Wetland waterbird behavior generally includes three categories: normal roosting activities, vigilance, and escape. Normal roosting activities further include resting, recuperation, walking, social behavior, and foraging, while escape includes flight.

[0025] The aforementioned ship noise audio is a recording of the noise generated by the ship's exhaust pipe. Specifically, when the design representative ship is fully loaded and sailing upstream, the ship noise audio is recorded at a distance d from the ship's exhaust pipe. Simultaneously, a noise meter is used to monitor the equivalent A-weighted sound level at the distance d from the ship's exhaust pipe over a time period t, which is taken as the maximum noise intensity. The value of d ranges from 1m to 10m, and the time period t ranges from 5min to 10min.

[0026] In this specific embodiment, d is taken as 1m, t is taken as 5min, the design representative ship type is a 1000-ton class ship; full load and upstream navigation refers to the design representative ship type carrying 1000 tons of cargo sailing from downstream to upstream; the maximum noise intensity monitored is 97.4dB(A).

[0027] The above-mentioned acquisition of behavioral observation data of the same type of wetland waterbirds in the scenario without playing ship noise audio further includes: without playing ship noise audio, using a monocular and binoculars to observe the behavior of the same type of wetland waterbirds in the wintering waterbird gathering area, and recording the number of waterbirds and the proportion of waterbirds in each behavior.

[0028] Specifically, the number of wetland waterbirds in normal habitat, on guard, and fleeing activities, as well as the percentage of waterbirds in total, are recorded. That is, the percentage of waterbirds in total includes the percentage of waterbirds in normal habitat, on guard, and fleeing activities out of the total number of wetland waterbirds.

[0029] The above-mentioned scenario of playing ship noise audio to obtain behavioral observation data of the same type of wetland waterbirds further includes: playing ship noise audio towards the wintering waterbird gathering area, observing the behavior of the same type of wetland waterbirds in the wintering waterbird gathering area using monoculars and binoculars, and recording the number of waterbirds and the proportion of waterbirds in each behavior.

[0030] When playing ship noise audio, first adjust the volume until the noise intensity at a distance d from the sound source reaches the maximum noise intensity; then play it continuously for a period of time t, and observe the behavior of wetland waterbirds during the playback period to obtain wetland waterbird behavior observation data.

[0031] In this specific embodiment, t is taken as 5 minutes. During the playback of ship noise audio, the instantaneous scanning method is used to make three observations at 0-1 minute, 2-3 minutes and 4-5 minutes respectively. The average value of the three behavioral observation data is taken as the behavioral observation data.

[0032] The noise source distance mentioned above refers to the distance between the audio playback device and the wetland birds. For a detailed calculation method of the noise source distance, please refer to Chinese Patent No. CN116539008B.

[0033] By independently conducting the above ship noise simulation experiments on different selected wetland waterbird species, first and second observation data for each species of wetland waterbird were obtained. In this specific embodiment, first and second observation data for three wetland waterbird species—great egret, bean goose, and grey heron—were obtained and are listed in Tables 1-3, respectively. The observation data listed in Tables 1-3 represent the percentage of individual waterbirds exhibiting each behavior.

[0034] Different distances from the noise source mean changes in the position of the audio playback device. During ship noise simulation experiments, the position of the audio playback device needs to be adjusted to obtain observational data related to the distance to the noise source. In this specific embodiment, the audio playback device is positioned at different noise source locations, including: first, not playing the ship noise audio to obtain first observational data on wetland waterbirds; then, playing the ship noise audio to obtain second observational data on wetland waterbirds. Therefore, the first observational data obtained in this specific embodiment is also related to the distance to the noise source.

[0035] Table 1 Behavioral observation data of the Great Egret Table 2 Behavioral observation data of bean geese Table 3 Behavioral observation data of grey herons S20: Determine the interference distance threshold of ship noise for various types of wetland birds, including: obtaining the change sequence of the second observation data of the same type of wetland bird relative to the first observation data, performing abrupt change point detection on the change sequence, and the distance of the noise source corresponding to the abrupt change point is the interference distance threshold of the wetland bird of that type. The change series is related to the distance to the noise source; specifically, it consists of changes at different noise source distances, and the change is the difference between the second and first observations. The mutation test is a commonly used statistical method for detecting data sequences, used to identify the location of abrupt changes. Therefore, it can be used to identify mutation points in the change series. The mutation test method can be, but is not limited to, the Mann-Kendall (MK) test.

[0036] Changes in wetland bird behavior before and after the playback of ship noise audio can reflect the impact of ship noise on wetland bird behavior. Therefore, this application constructs a sequence of changes in the second observation data relative to the first observation data. The sequence of changes is a quantitative data on the degree of impact of ship noise on wetland bird behavior. By examining the abrupt change points in the sequence of changes, the abrupt change points of the degree of noise impact are determined.

[0037] In this specific embodiment, the change sequence is selected as the change in the proportion of waterbirds with normal habitat activities; of course, the change data sequence can also be selected as the change in the sum of the proportions of waterbirds on alert and those fleeing.

[0038] In this specific embodiment, the noise interference distance thresholds of ship noise to Great Egrets, Bean Geese and Grey Herons were determined to be 200m, 250m and 550m respectively, using the Mann-Kendall (MK) test.

[0039] S30: Determine the disturbance level of various wetland waterbird species at each selected water level, including: taking the navigable lake channel as the central axis, determining the noise interference area of ​​wetland waterbirds based on the interference distance threshold; overlaying the distribution data of the same type of wetland waterbirds at the selected water level during the wintering period of the navigable lake, and calculating the proportion of the number of individuals of that type of wetland waterbird in the noise interference area, i.e., the disturbance level of that type of wetland waterbird at the selected water level; wherein, the selected water level is close to the navigation design water level; In determining the noise interference area, the waterway is considered the noise source, with the waterway as the central axis and the interference distance threshold as the radius. The resulting strip-shaped area is the noise interference area. See [link / reference]. Figures 2~10 The light purple area represents the noise interference area as defined in this specific embodiment. The corresponding noise interference areas were identified for each type of wetland waterbird.

[0040] The above statistics refer to the percentage of individuals of this species of wetland waterbird in the noise-affected area, which is the percentage of individuals of this species of wetland waterbird in the wintering waterbird gathering area.

[0041] In this application, the selected water level should be close to the navigation design water level. In this specific embodiment, the selected water levels include 8.3 meters, 8.4 meters, and 8.2 meters. Considering that the water level of the navigable lake was 8.3 meters in November 2019, 8.4 meters in December 2019, and 8.2 meters in January 2020, the distribution data of wetland waterbirds in the navigable lake in November 2019, December 2019, and January 2020 are obtained respectively, and used as the distribution data of wetland waterbirds at the selected water levels.

[0042] Please see Figures 2~10 The figures show overlay maps of wetland bird distribution data and navigable lake channels at different selected water levels. In the figures, the light purple areas represent noise interference areas, i.e., the range of impact of ship noise on different species of wetland birds; the numbers in the circles represent the number of wetland birds. The percentage of individual wetland birds located in the noise interference area is calculated, representing the degree of disturbance to the wetland birds. In this specific embodiment, the degree of disturbance for various types of wetland birds at different selected water levels is listed in Table 4.

[0043] Table 4. Disturbance levels of various wetland waterbirds S40: The disturbance levels of various wetland birds at the same selected water level are weighted and summed, and the selected water level corresponding to the minimum weighted sum is taken as the navigation design water level.

[0044] This application uses a weighted summation of the disturbance levels of different types of wetland birds to quantify the interference of ship noise on wetland birds. The selected water level corresponding to the minimum weighted summation value is chosen as the navigation design water level, which can reduce the interference of ships on wetland birds during navigation.

[0045] The weights for each type of wetland waterbird are assigned based on their level of protection and endangerment. Wetland waterbirds with higher levels of protection are assigned higher weights, and those with higher levels of endangerment are assigned higher weights.

[0046] Suppose we choose n species of wetland birds, with weights This represents the weight of the i-th type of wetland waterbird. Let represent the disturbance level of the i-th wetland waterbird at the selected water level j. The weighted summation formula is: , This represents the weighted sum value corresponding to the selected water level j.

[0047] In this specific implementation, weights are assigned to various types of wetland waterbirds according to Table 5 below. Obviously, the weighting method for wetland waterbirds is not limited to Table 5. The degree of protection of wetland waterbirds is obtained with reference to the "National Key Protected Wild Animals List", and the degree of endangerment of wetland waterbirds is obtained with reference to the "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species".

[0048] Table 5. Weighting of Various Types of Wetland Waterbirds The weighting rules for wetland waterbirds based on Table 1 are as follows: When wetland waterbirds are nationally protected wild animals, and the level of protection is first-class national protection, a weight of 100 is assigned; when the level of protection is second-class national protection, a weight of 50 is assigned. When wetland waterbirds are endangered species, the weight is 100 when the endangerment level is extinct or extinct in the wild; 80 when the endangerment level is critically endangered; 60 when the endangerment level is endangered; 40 when the endangerment level is vulnerable; and 20 when the endangerment level is near threatened. When wetland waterbirds are both nationally protected wild animals and endangered species, the larger of the two weights shall be taken as the final weight after the weights are determined according to rules (1) and (2). If a wetland waterbird is neither a nationally protected wild animal nor an endangered species, it is assigned a weight of 10.

[0049] In this specific implementation, the weighted summation values ​​corresponding to the selected water levels of 8.3 meters, 8.4 meters, and 8.2 meters are 0.75, 0.87, and 1.19, respectively, so the recommended navigation design water level is 8.3 meters.

[0050] The various embodiments of the present invention have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for determining navigation water level based on ship noise interference assessment, characterized in that, include: S10: Conduct ship noise simulation experiments on different species of wetland waterbirds in wintering waterbird gathering areas of navigable lakes, including: obtaining behavioral observation data of the same species of wetland waterbirds at different noise source distances, firstly in a scenario without playing ship noise audio, and recording it as the first observation data; then obtaining behavioral observation data of the same species of wetland waterbirds in a scenario with playing ship noise audio, and recording it as the second observation data; wherein, the behavioral observation data includes the proportion of waterbirds in each behavior; S20: Determine the interference distance threshold of ship noise for various types of wetland birds, including: obtaining the change sequence of the second observation data of the same type of wetland bird relative to the first observation data, performing abrupt change point detection on the change sequence, and the distance of the noise source corresponding to the abrupt change point is the interference distance threshold of the wetland bird of that type. S30: Determine the disturbance level of various wetland waterbird species at each selected water level, including: taking the navigable lake channel as the central axis, determining the noise interference area of ​​wetland waterbirds based on the interference distance threshold; overlaying the distribution data of the same type of wetland waterbirds at the selected water level during the wintering period of the navigable lake, and calculating the proportion of the number of individuals of that type of wetland waterbird in the noise interference area, i.e., the disturbance level of that type of wetland waterbird at the selected water level; wherein, the selected water level is close to the navigation design water level; S40: The disturbance levels of various wetland birds at the same selected water level are weighted and summed, and the selected water level corresponding to the minimum weighted sum is taken as the navigation design water level.

2. The method for determining navigable water level as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The ship noise simulation test was conducted during the peak wintering season for waterbirds.

3. The method for determining navigable water level as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The method for recording ship noise audio is as follows: when a representative ship type is fully loaded and sailing upstream, record the ship noise audio at a distance d from the ship's exhaust pipe; at the same time, monitor the equivalent A-weighted sound level at a distance d from the ship's exhaust pipe over a period of time t, which is taken as the maximum noise intensity. Also, when playing ship noise audio, first adjust the volume until the noise intensity at a distance d from the sound source reaches the maximum noise intensity; Play the video continuously for a period of time t, observe the behavior of wetland waterbirds during the playback period, and obtain behavioral observation data of wetland waterbirds; Wherein, the value of d ranges from 1m to 10m, and the value of t ranges from 5min to 10min.

4. The method for determining navigable water level as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The behaviors include normal roosting activities, vigilance, and escape; and the change sequence is the change sequence of the proportion of waterbirds with normal roosting activities, or the change sequence of the sum of the proportions of waterbirds with vigilance and escape.

5. The method for determining navigable water level as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The disturbance levels of various wetland birds at the same selected water level are weighted and summed. The weights of various wetland birds are assigned according to their protection and endangerment levels. Wetland birds with higher protection levels are assigned higher weights, and wetland birds with higher endangerment levels are assigned higher weights.

6. The method for determining navigable water level as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The weights of the various types of wetland waterbirds are assigned based on their level of protection and endangerment, with specific rules including: (1) When wetland waterbirds are national key protected wild animals and are protected at the first level of national key protection, they are assigned a weight of 100; when they are protected at the second level of national key protection, they are assigned a weight of 50. (2) When wetland waterbirds are endangered species, the weight is 100 when the degree of endangerment is extinct or extinct in the wild; the weight is 80 when the degree of endangerment is critically endangered; the weight is 60 when the degree of endangerment is endangered; the weight is 40 when the degree of endangerment is vulnerable; and the weight is 20 when the degree of endangerment is near endangered. (3) When wetland waterbirds are both national key protected wild animals and endangered species, the larger weight shall be taken as the final weight after the weights are determined according to rules (1) and (2). (4) If wetland waterbirds are neither nationally protected wild animals nor endangered species, they are assigned a weight of 10.

7. A navigation water level determination system based on ship noise interference assessment, characterized in that, include: The first module is used to receive first and second observation data of different species of wetland waterbirds; wherein, the first observation data is wetland waterbird behavior observation data obtained in a scenario where ship noise audio is not played; the second observation data is wetland waterbird behavior observation data obtained in a scenario where ship noise audio is played; the first and second observation data respectively include the proportion of waterbirds with each behavior at different noise source distances; The second module is used to determine the interference distance threshold of ship noise to various types of wetland birds, including: obtaining the change sequence of the second observation data of the same type of wetland bird relative to the first observation data, performing abrupt change point detection on the change sequence, and the distance of the noise source corresponding to the abrupt change point is the interference distance threshold of the wetland bird of that type. The third module is used to determine the disturbance level of various wetland waterbirds at each selected water level. This includes: using the navigable lake channel as the central axis, determining the noise interference area of ​​wetland waterbirds based on the interference distance threshold; overlaying the distribution data of the same type of wetland waterbird at the selected water level during the wintering period of the navigable lake, and statistically analyzing the proportion of individuals of that type of wetland waterbird in the noise interference area, i.e., the disturbance level of that type of wetland waterbird at the selected water level; wherein, the selected water level is close to the navigation design water level; The fourth module is used to perform a weighted summation of the disturbance levels of various wetland birds at the same selected water level, and the selected water level corresponding to the minimum weighted summation value is taken as the navigation design water level.

8. The navigation water level determination system as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The first and second observation data were obtained by conducting ship noise simulation experiments on different species of wetland waterbirds in the wintering waterbird gathering area of ​​navigable lakes. Specifically, at different noise source distances, behavioral observation data of the same species of wetland waterbirds were first obtained in a scenario without playing ship noise audio, which was recorded as the first observation data; then, behavioral observation data of the same species of wetland waterbirds were obtained in a scenario with playing ship noise audio, which was recorded as the second observation data. The behavioral observation data included the proportion of waterbirds in each behavior.

9. The navigation water level determination system as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The behaviors include normal roosting activities, vigilance, and escape; and the change sequence is the change sequence of the proportion of waterbirds with normal roosting activities, or the change sequence of the sum of the proportions of waterbirds with vigilance and escape.

10. The navigation water level determination system as described in claim 7, characterized in that: When weighted summing the disturbance levels of various wetland waterbirds at the same selected water level, the weights of each type of wetland waterbird are assigned based on their protection and endangerment levels. Specific rules include: (1) When wetland waterbirds are national key protected wild animals and are protected at the first level of national key protection, they are assigned a weight of 100; when they are protected at the second level of national key protection, they are assigned a weight of 50. (2) When wetland waterbirds are endangered species, the weight is 100 when the degree of endangerment is extinct or extinct in the wild; the weight is 80 when the degree of endangerment is critically endangered; the weight is 60 when the degree of endangerment is endangered; the weight is 40 when the degree of endangerment is vulnerable; and the weight is 20 when the degree of endangerment is near endangered. (3) When wetland waterbirds are both national key protected wild animals and endangered species, the larger weight shall be taken as the final weight after the weights are determined according to rules (1) and (2). (4) If wetland waterbirds are neither nationally protected wild animals nor endangered species, they are assigned a weight of 10.

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