Safety management system and electric vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a safety management system and an electric vehicle. The safety management system comprises a controller, a battery and at least one functional assembly, and the controller is electrically connected with the battery through a first wire connector and electrically connected with each functional assembly through a second wire connector; the controller at least comprises a master control module, a power supply control module and a power supply module; when the general control module detects that the voltage of the battery is smaller than the first voltage, the general control module outputs a first control signal to the power supply control module, so that the power supply control module cuts off power supply to the functional assembly; when the general control module detects that the voltage of the battery is smaller than the second voltage, the general control module outputs a second control signal to the power supply module, so that the power supply module is powered off; wherein the first voltage is greater than the second voltage. According to the scheme provided by the invention, by monitoring the voltage of the battery in real time, under-voltage and under-voltage protection is realized at low cost, so that the service life of the battery is prolonged, and the safety of the electric vehicle is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electronic control safety technology, and in particular to a safety management system and an electric vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] As the power source for electric vehicles, batteries supply power to drive motors, instruments, and other equipment. Battery performance directly affects driving range and driving safety; therefore, safe battery management is of paramount importance.

[0003] Currently, most electric two-wheelers and electric tricycles use lead-acid batteries as their power source. However, lead-acid batteries themselves do not have a battery management system (BMS). Once the battery malfunctions, it will delay the user's journey and may even cause a safety accident. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a safety management system and an electric vehicle that achieves undervoltage and power loss protection at low cost by monitoring the battery voltage in real time, thereby extending the battery's lifespan and improving the safety of the electric vehicle.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a safety management system is provided, comprising: a controller, a battery, and at least one functional component. The controller is electrically connected to the battery via a first connector and electrically connected to each functional component via a second connector. The controller includes at least a central control module, a power supply control module, and a power supply module. The central control module is electrically connected to the first connector, the power supply control module, and the power supply module. The power supply control module is electrically connected to the first connector and the second connector. The power supply module is electrically connected to the first connector. When the central control module detects that the battery voltage is less than a first voltage, the central control module outputs a first control signal to the power supply control module to disconnect the power supply to the functional component. When the central control module detects that the battery voltage is less than a second voltage, the central control module outputs a second control signal to the power supply module to power down the power supply module. The first voltage is greater than the second voltage.

[0006] Optionally, the controller further includes a current acquisition module and a charging control module; wherein, the current acquisition module is electrically connected to the main control module and the charging control module respectively; the charging control module is electrically connected to the main control module; when the battery is charging, the main control module receives the charging current acquired by the current acquisition module, and outputs a third control signal to the charging control module when the charging current is abnormal, so that the charging control module disconnects the charging circuit; when the battery is supplying power, the main control module receives the supply current acquired by the current acquisition module, and outputs a first control signal to the power supply control module when the power supply current is abnormal, so that the power supply control module disconnects the power supply to the functional components.

[0007] Optionally, a temperature sensor for collecting battery temperature is provided on the outside of the battery; the controller also includes a data acquisition module; the data acquisition module is electrically connected to the temperature sensor via a second connector, and the data acquisition module is electrically connected to the main control module; when the battery is charging, the main control module receives the battery temperature obtained by the data acquisition module, and outputs a third control signal to the charging control module when the battery temperature is abnormal, so that the charging control module disconnects the charging circuit.

[0008] Optionally, the functional components include at least an instrument with anti-theft functionality; or, the functional components include at least an instrument and an anti-theft device.

[0009] Optionally, for cases where the functional components include an instrument and an anti-theft device, the power supply control module includes a first switching transistor and a second switching transistor; the gates of the first switching transistor and the second switching transistor are both electrically connected to the main control module, the sources of the first switching transistor and the second switching transistor are both electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery through a first connector, the drain of the first switching transistor is electrically connected to the instrument through a second connector, and the drain of the second switching transistor is electrically connected to the anti-theft device through a second connector.

[0010] Optionally, the current acquisition module includes a sampling resistor, a reference voltage generation circuit, a current signal amplification circuit, and an overcurrent detection circuit; the charging control module includes a third switching transistor; the gate of the third switching transistor is electrically connected to the main control module, the source of the third switching transistor is grounded, and the drain of the third switching transistor is electrically connected to one end of the sampling resistor; the other end of the sampling resistor is grounded; the current signal amplification circuit is set across the two ends of the sampling resistor, and the current signal amplification circuit is electrically connected to the reference voltage generation circuit and the overcurrent detection circuit, respectively.

[0011] Optionally, the current signal amplification circuit includes: a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a first capacitor, and a first comparator; one end of the first resistor is electrically connected to one end of the sampling resistor, and the other end of the first resistor is electrically connected to one end of the third resistor and the positive input terminal of the first comparator; one end of the second resistor is electrically connected to the other end of the sampling resistor, and the other end of the second resistor is electrically connected to one end of the fourth resistor and the negative input terminal of the first comparator; the other end of the third resistor is electrically connected to the reference voltage generation circuit; the other end of the fourth resistor is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first comparator; one end of the fifth resistor is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first comparator and the overcurrent detection circuit, and the other end of the fifth resistor is electrically connected to one end of the first capacitor and the main control module; the other end of the first capacitor is grounded.

[0012] Optionally, the reference voltage generation circuit includes: a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, and a second comparator; one end of the sixth resistor is connected to a first DC power supply, and the other end of the sixth resistor is electrically connected to one end of the seventh resistor, one end of the second capacitor, and the positive input terminal of the second comparator; the other end of the seventh resistor and the other end of the second capacitor are both grounded; the negative input terminal and the output terminal of the second comparator are both connected to a second DC power supply and are electrically connected to a current signal amplification circuit; the positive power supply terminal of the second comparator is connected to the first DC power supply, and the negative power supply terminal of the second comparator is grounded; one end of the third capacitor is electrically connected to the positive power supply terminal of the second comparator, and the other end of the third capacitor is grounded.

[0013] Optionally, the overcurrent detection circuit includes: an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a fourteenth resistor, a fifteenth resistor, a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor, a sixth capacitor, a seventh capacitor, an eighth capacitor, a ninth capacitor, a first diode, a second diode, a third comparator, and a fourth comparator; one end of the eighth resistor and one end of the ninth resistor are electrically connected to the current signal amplification circuit, and the other end of the eighth resistor is electrically connected to one end of the fourth capacitor and the negative input terminal of the third comparator; the other end of the fourth capacitor is grounded; the positive input terminal of the third comparator is electrically connected to one end of the tenth resistor, one end of the eleventh resistor, and one end of the fifth capacitor; the other end of the tenth resistor is connected to the first DC power supply; the other ends of the eleventh resistor and the fifth capacitor are both grounded; the positive power supply terminal of the third comparator is connected to the first DC power supply, and the negative power supply terminal of the third comparator is grounded; one end of the sixth capacitor... The first terminal of the fourth comparator is electrically connected to the positive power supply terminal of the third comparator, and the other end of the sixth capacitor is grounded; the output terminal of the third comparator is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the first diode; the other end of the ninth resistor is electrically connected to one end of the seventh capacitor and the positive input terminal of the fourth comparator; the other end of the seventh capacitor is grounded; the negative input terminal of the fourth comparator is electrically connected to one end of the twelfth resistor, one end of the thirteenth resistor, and one end of the eighth capacitor; the other end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the first DC power supply; the other ends of the thirteenth resistor and the eighth capacitor are both grounded; the output terminal of the fourth comparator is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the second diode; the positive terminals of the first and second diodes are both electrically connected to one end of the fourteenth resistor, and the other end of the fourteenth resistor is connected to the first DC power supply; one end of the fifteenth resistor is electrically connected to one end of the fourteenth resistor, and the other end of the fifteenth resistor is electrically connected to the main control module and one end of the ninth capacitor; the other end of the ninth capacitor is grounded.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present invention, an electric vehicle is provided, including a safety management system of any of the above embodiments.

[0015] The technical solution of this invention involves designing a safety management system. The safety management system includes a controller, a battery, and at least one functional component. The controller includes at least a main control module, a power supply control module, and a power module. When the main control module detects that the battery voltage is lower than a first voltage, it outputs a first control signal to the power supply control module, causing the power supply control module to disconnect the power supply to the functional component. When the main control module detects that the battery voltage is lower than a second voltage, it outputs a second control signal to the power module, causing the power module to power down. The first voltage is greater than the second voltage. On one hand, when the battery is undervoltage, the safety management system can cut off the power supply to external (i.e., external to the controller) functional components, reducing standby power consumption and thus reducing battery energy consumption. On the other hand, when the battery is depleted, the safety management system directly powers down, minimizing the battery's external current and protecting the battery, thereby extending its lifespan. Furthermore, this invention can also provide comprehensive protection against overcharging, over-discharging, and overheating of the battery, eliminating potential safety hazards and improving the safety of electric vehicles.

[0016] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the invention will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a security management system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another security management system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another security management system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another security management system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a current acquisition module and a charging control module provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a security management system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the safety management system includes a controller 10, a battery 20, and at least one functional component. The number of functional components can be configured according to the application scenario of the safety management system. For example, in electric vehicles, the number of functional components is usually multiple. Exemplary functional components can implement safety monitoring functions (such as monitoring the electrical circuit / battery safety of electric vehicles), environmental monitoring functions (such as extreme scenarios such as vehicle collisions, water wading, and rollovers), instrument functions, anti-theft functions, etc.

[0027] In one embodiment, the functional component may include a meter with anti-theft functionality. Alternatively, the functional component may include a meter and an anti-theft device, where the meter does not require integrated anti-theft functionality, thereby reducing costs.

[0028] In this embodiment, Figure 1 The diagram uses two functional components as an example: instrument 31 and anti-theft device 32. The controller 10 is electrically connected to the battery 20 via a first connector 41 and to each functional component via a second connector 42. Specifically, the controller 10 is electrically connected to both instrument 31 and anti-theft device 32 via the second connector 42. It can be understood that for cases where the functional components include an instrument with anti-theft functionality but not the anti-theft device, the connection relationship between the functional components and the controller 10 is similar to... Figure 1 Similarly, you can refer to this. Figure 1 The connection between the controller 10 and the instrument 31 is straightforward and will not be elaborated further here.

[0029] Specifically, the first connector 41 and the second connector 42 can be interface devices installed in the controller 10 for connecting to external devices, thereby realizing signal transmission, conversion, isolation and protection between the controller 10 and the external devices.

[0030] Optionally, the first connector 41 can be a power connector with a BAT+ interface, a BAT- interface, and a GND interface. The positive terminal of battery 20 is connected to the BAT+ interface, the negative terminal of battery 20 is connected to the BAT- interface, and the GND interface is grounded. Typically, the BAT- interface is also grounded. GND represents the zero-potential reference point of the entire system in the circuit; all voltage levels are measured relative to GND. Grounding both the BAT- and GND interfaces ensures that the negative terminal of the battery is consistent with the zero-potential reference point of the system, providing a stable voltage reference for all parts of the circuit.

[0031] The second connector 42 can be a signal connector, which has multiple interfaces, one interface connecting to one functional component. For example... Figure 1 The second connector 42 shown has four interfaces: a, b, c, and d. Interface b is connected to the instrument 31, and interface c is connected to the anti-theft device 32.

[0032] The controller 10 includes at least a main control module 11, a power supply control module 12, and a power supply module 13. The main control module 11 is electrically connected to the first connector 41 (e.g., the BAT+ interface of the first connector 41), the power supply control module 12, and the power supply module 13, respectively. The power supply control module 12 is electrically connected to the first connector (e.g., the BAT+ interface of the first connector 41) and the second connector (e.g., interfaces b and c of the second connector 42), respectively. The power supply module 13 is electrically connected to the first connector (e.g., the BAT+ interface of the first connector 41).

[0033] The central control module 11 is the "central nervous system" of the entire controller, responsible for coordinating the operation of all modules within the controller, parsing external commands, executing logical decisions, and managing peripheral devices. The power supply control module 12 is a switch that controls whether the battery 20 supplies power to the functional components. The power module 13 is mainly used to provide power to the controller; typically, the battery 20 can charge / power the power module 13.

[0034] In this invention, when the main control module 11 detects that the voltage of the battery 20 is less than a first voltage, the main control module 11 outputs a first control signal to the power supply control module 12, so that the power supply control module 12 disconnects the power supply to functional components (such as...). Figure 1 The power supply to the instrument 31 and the anti-theft device 32 is cut off when the battery 20 is undervoltage, thereby reducing standby power consumption and thus reducing battery energy consumption.

[0035] When the main control module 11 detects that the voltage of the battery 20 is less than the second voltage, the main control module 11 outputs the second control signal to the power module 13 so that the power module 13 is powered down. At this time, the safety management system is powered down directly, so that the external current of the battery 20 is reduced to the minimum, thereby protecting the battery 20 and extending the service life of the battery 20.

[0036] Here, the first voltage refers to the voltage value of battery 20 when it is at the undervoltage threshold, and the second voltage refers to the voltage value of battery 20 when it is at the discharge threshold. The first voltage is greater than the second voltage. The values ​​of the first and second voltages can be set according to actual needs, and their indication method can be direct or indirect. For direct indication, the values ​​of the first and second voltages can be set directly; for indirect indication, a calibration voltage, undervoltage percentage, and discharge percentage can be set, and the values ​​of the first and second voltages can be calculated respectively using the calibration voltage, undervoltage percentage, and discharge percentage.

[0037] In one embodiment, the central control module 11 may include a microcontroller unit (MCU) and a voltage detection unit. The voltage detection unit is responsible for detecting the voltage of the battery 20, and the MCU is responsible for executing logical decisions and managing peripheral devices in a unified manner.

[0038] Battery 20 can be connected in series with an air switch K1 to enable battery 20 to be open-circuited in the safety management system.

[0039] Based on the above embodiments, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another security management system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the safety management system may also include other functional components, such as a charger 33 and a direct current to direct current (DC-DC) converter 34. The charger 33 is used to charge the battery 20. The DC-DC converter 34 is used to convert one DC voltage value to another DC voltage value, realizing voltage adaptation.

[0040] In this invention, the instrument 31, the anti-theft device 32, the charger 33, and the DC-DC converter 34 can all be connected to the GND interface of the first connector 41. Figure 2 (Not shown in the image).

[0041] The controller 10 may also include an inverter module 14 and an ignition lock detection module 15 to realize various functions in electric vehicle applications. Specifically, the inverter module 14 can convert direct current into three-phase alternating current. Optionally, the inverter module 14 may also have the function of detecting the internal operating current of the controller 14. The ignition lock detection module 15 is used to detect the state of the ignition lock switch K2.

[0042] Based on the above embodiments, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another security management system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, the controller 10 also includes a current acquisition module 16 and a charging control module 17.

[0043] Specifically, the current acquisition module 16 is electrically connected to the main control module 11 and the charging control module 17 respectively; the charging control module 17 is electrically connected to the main control module 11.

[0044] When the battery 20 is charging, the main control module 11 receives the charging current collected by the current acquisition module 16, and outputs a third control signal to the charging control module 17 when the charging current is abnormal, so that the charging control module 17 disconnects the charging circuit, thereby realizing overcharge power-off protection.

[0045] When the battery 20 supplies power, the main control module 11 receives the power supply current collected by the current acquisition module 16, and outputs a first control signal to the power supply control module 12 when the power supply current is abnormal, so that the power supply control module 12 disconnects the power supply to the functional components, thereby realizing short circuit / overload protection.

[0046] In one embodiment, reference continues Figure 3 A temperature sensor 50 for collecting battery temperature is provided on the outside of the battery 20. Specifically, the temperature sensor 50 can be located on the surface of the battery 20 or close to the battery 20. The controller 10 also includes a data acquisition module 18.

[0047] The acquisition module 18 is electrically connected to the temperature sensor 50 through the second connector 42 (such as interface a of the second connector 42), and the acquisition module 18 is electrically connected to the main control module 11.

[0048] When the battery 20 is charging, the main control module 11 receives the battery temperature obtained by the acquisition module 18, and outputs a third control signal to the charging control module 17 when the battery temperature is abnormal, so that the charging control module 17 disconnects the charging circuit, thereby realizing over-temperature power-off protection.

[0049] In this way, the safety management system provides comprehensive protection against battery overcharging, over-discharging, and overheating, eliminating potential safety hazards and improving the safety of electric vehicles.

[0050] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of another security management system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, the power supply control module 12 includes a first switch Q1 and a second switch Q2.

[0051] Specifically, the gates of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 are both electrically connected to the main control module 11. The sources of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 are both electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery 20 through the first connector 41. The drain of the first switch Q1 is electrically connected to the instrument 31 through the second connector 42, and the drain of the second switch Q2 is electrically connected to the anti-theft device 32 through the second connector 42.

[0052] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a current acquisition module and a charging control module provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 5 As shown, the current acquisition module 16 includes a sampling resistor Rx, a reference voltage generation circuit 161, a current signal amplification circuit 162, and an overcurrent detection circuit 163; the charging control module 17 includes a third switching transistor Q3.

[0053] The gate of the third switch Q3 is electrically connected to the main control module 11, the source of the third switch Q3 is grounded (such as the GND of the whole vehicle), and the drain of the third switch Q3 is electrically connected to one end of the sampling resistor Rx; the other end of the sampling resistor Rx is grounded; the current signal amplification circuit 162 is set at both ends of the sampling resistor Rx, and the current signal amplification circuit 162 is electrically connected to the reference voltage generation circuit 161 and the overcurrent detection circuit 163 respectively.

[0054] The reference voltage generation circuit 161 is used to detect negative current. The current signal amplification circuit 162 needs to be set with a static point. The reference voltage generation circuit 161 consists of voltage divider resistors and a follower to generate a reference voltage reference, which is supplied to the current signal amplification circuit 162 as a pull-up power supply.

[0055] The current signal amplification circuit 162 receives the current signal input by the sampling resistor Rx, performs differential amplification, and outputs it to the ADC acquisition port of the main control module 11 for current calculation.

[0056] The overcurrent detection circuit 163 receives the current signal output from the current signal amplification circuit 162 and inputs it into a window comparator circuit composed of two comparators. The upper and lower threshold values ​​are set according to the set overcurrent value to set the comparator reference value. When an abnormal current occurs and exceeds the threshold, the comparator flips and outputs an overcurrent signal.

[0057] Specifically, the current signal amplification circuit 162 includes: a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a first capacitor C1, and a first comparator U1.

[0058] One end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to one end of the sampling resistor Rx, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to one end of the third resistor R3 and the positive input terminal of the first comparator U1; one end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to the other end of the sampling resistor Rx, and the other end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to one end of the fourth resistor R4 and the negative input terminal of the first comparator U1; the other end of the third resistor R3 is electrically connected to the reference voltage generation circuit 161; the other end of the fourth resistor R4 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first comparator U1; one end of the fifth resistor R5 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first comparator U1 and the overcurrent detection circuit 163, and the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is electrically connected to one end of the first capacitor C1 and the main control module 11; the other end of the first capacitor C1 is grounded.

[0059] Specifically, the reference voltage generation circuit 161 includes: a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, and a second comparator U2.

[0060] One end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the first DC power supply (e.g., +5V power supply), and the other end of the sixth resistor R6 is electrically connected to one end of the seventh resistor R7, one end of the second capacitor C2, and the positive input terminal of the second comparator U2; the other ends of the seventh resistor R7 and the second capacitor C2 are both grounded; the negative input terminal and the output terminal of the second comparator U2 are both connected to the second DC power supply (e.g., +1.803V power supply) and electrically connected to the current signal amplification circuit 162; the positive power supply terminal of the second comparator U2 is connected to the first DC power supply, and the negative power supply terminal of the second comparator U2 is grounded; one end of the third capacitor C3 is electrically connected to the positive power supply terminal of the second comparator U2, and the other end of the third capacitor C3 is grounded.

[0061] Specifically, the overcurrent detection circuit 163 includes: an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, an eleventh resistor R11, a twelfth resistor R12, a thirteenth resistor R13, a fourteenth resistor R14, a fifteenth resistor R15, a fourth capacitor C4, a fifth capacitor C5, a sixth capacitor C6, a seventh capacitor C7, an eighth capacitor C8, a ninth capacitor C9, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third comparator U3, and a fourth comparator U4.

[0062] One end of the eighth resistor R8 and one end of the ninth resistor R9 are both electrically connected to the current signal amplifier circuit 162. The other end of the eighth resistor R8 is electrically connected to one end of the fourth capacitor C4 and the negative input terminal of the third comparator U3. The other end of the fourth capacitor C4 is grounded. The positive input terminal of the third comparator U3 is electrically connected to one end of the tenth resistor R10, one end of the eleventh resistor R11, and one end of the fifth capacitor C5. The other end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to the first DC power supply. The other ends of the eleventh resistor R11 and the fifth capacitor C5 are both grounded. The positive power supply terminal of the third comparator U3 is connected to the first DC power supply, and the negative power supply terminal of the third comparator U3 is grounded. One end of the sixth capacitor C6 is electrically connected to the positive power supply terminal of the third comparator U3, and the other end of the sixth capacitor C6 is grounded. The output terminal of the third comparator U3 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the first diode D1. The other end of the ninth resistor R9 is electrically connected to one end of the seventh capacitor C7 and the positive input terminal of the fourth comparator U4; the other end of the seventh capacitor C7 is grounded; the negative input terminal of the fourth comparator U4 is electrically connected to one end of the twelfth resistor R12, one end of the thirteenth resistor R13, and one end of the eighth capacitor C8; the other end of the twelfth resistor R12 is connected to the first DC power supply; the other ends of the thirteenth resistor R13 and the eighth capacitor C8 are both grounded; the output terminal of the fourth comparator U4 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the second diode D2. The positive terminals of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are both electrically connected to one end of the fourteenth resistor R14, and the other end of the fourteenth resistor R14 is connected to the first DC power supply; one end of the fifteenth resistor R15 is electrically connected to one end of the fourteenth resistor R14, and the other end of the fifteenth resistor R14 is electrically connected to the main control module 11 and one end of the ninth capacitor C9; the other end of the ninth capacitor C9 is grounded.

[0063] The power-on process of the safety management system of this invention is as follows: air switch K1 closes → ignition lock K2 closes → power module 13 operates → main control module 11 operates → switching transistors Q1, Q2, and Q3 conduct to complete power-on. Q1 is controlled by ACC; Q1 conducts when the anti-theft electronic switch and ignition lock are closed, and Q1 is cut off when the anti-theft electronic switch and ignition lock are open. Q2 remains in a conducting state after power-on if there is no abnormal current, supplying power to components that need to be on standby for a long time, such as anti-theft devices. Q3 remains in a conducting state after power-on if there is no abnormal current; Q3 is turned off when overcurrent, overvoltage, or overtemperature occurs.

[0064] The technical solution of this invention involves designing a safety management system. The safety management system includes a controller, a battery, and at least one functional component. The controller includes at least a main control module, a power supply control module, and a power module. When the main control module detects that the battery voltage is lower than a first voltage, it outputs a first control signal to the power supply control module, causing the power supply control module to disconnect the power supply to the functional component. When the main control module detects that the battery voltage is lower than a second voltage, it outputs a second control signal to the power module, causing the power module to power down. The first voltage is greater than the second voltage. On one hand, when the battery is undervoltage, the safety management system can cut off the power supply to external (i.e., external to the controller) functional components, reducing standby power consumption and thus reducing battery energy consumption. On the other hand, when the battery is depleted, the safety management system directly powers down, minimizing the battery's external current and protecting the battery, thereby extending its lifespan. Furthermore, this invention can also provide comprehensive protection against overcharging, over-discharging, and overheating of the battery, eliminating potential safety hazards and improving the safety of electric vehicles.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] This invention also provides an electric vehicle, including the safety management system of any of the above embodiments.

[0067] In one embodiment, the electric vehicle may further include a motor driven by a safety management system.

[0068] In one embodiment, the electric vehicle can be an electric two-wheeler or an electric three-wheeler.

[0069] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A security management system, characterized in that, include: The system includes a controller, a battery, and at least one functional component. The controller is electrically connected to the battery via a first connector and to each of the functional components via a second connector. The controller includes at least a main control module, a power supply control module, and a power supply module; the main control module is electrically connected to the first connector, the power supply control module, and the power supply module respectively; the power supply control module is electrically connected to the first connector and the second connector respectively; the power supply module is electrically connected to the first connector. When the main control module detects that the battery voltage is less than a first voltage, the main control module outputs a first control signal to the power supply control module, so that the power supply control module disconnects the power supply to the functional component; when the main control module detects that the battery voltage is less than a second voltage, the main control module outputs a second control signal to the power module, so that the power module is powered down; wherein, the first voltage is greater than the second voltage.

2. The security management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller also includes a current acquisition module and a charging control module; wherein... The current acquisition module is electrically connected to the main control module and the charging control module respectively; the charging control module is electrically connected to the main control module. When the battery is charging, the main control module receives the charging current collected by the current acquisition module, and outputs a third control signal to the charging control module when the charging current is abnormal, so that the charging control module disconnects the charging circuit; when the battery is supplying power, the main control module receives the supply current collected by the current acquisition module, and outputs a first control signal to the power supply control module when the supply current is abnormal, so that the power supply control module disconnects the power supply to the functional component.

3. The security management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, A temperature sensor for collecting battery temperature is provided on the outside of the battery; the controller also includes a data acquisition module. The acquisition module is electrically connected to the temperature sensor via the second connector, and the acquisition module is also electrically connected to the main control module. When the battery is charging, the main control module receives the battery temperature obtained by the acquisition module, and outputs the third control signal to the charging control module when the battery temperature is abnormal, so that the charging control module disconnects the charging circuit.

4. The security management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional component includes at least an instrument with anti-theft functionality; or, the functional component includes at least an instrument and an anti-theft device.

5. The security management system according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the case where the functional components include an instrument and an anti-theft device, the power supply control module includes a first switching transistor and a second switching transistor; The gates of the first and second switching transistors are both electrically connected to the main control module. The sources of the first and second switching transistors are both electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery through the first connector. The drain of the first switching transistor is electrically connected to the instrument through the second connector. The drain of the second switching transistor is electrically connected to the anti-theft device through the second connector.

6. The security management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The current acquisition module includes a sampling resistor, a reference voltage generation circuit, a current signal amplification circuit, and an overcurrent detection circuit; the charging control module includes a third switching transistor. The gate of the third switching transistor is electrically connected to the main control module, the source of the third switching transistor is grounded, and the drain of the third switching transistor is electrically connected to one end of the sampling resistor; the other end of the sampling resistor is grounded. The current signal amplification circuit is disposed across the sampling resistor and is electrically connected to the reference voltage generation circuit and the overcurrent detection circuit, respectively.

7. The security management system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The current signal amplification circuit includes: a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a first capacitor, and a first comparator; One end of the first resistor is electrically connected to one end of the sampling resistor, and the other end of the first resistor is electrically connected to one end of the third resistor and the positive input terminal of the first comparator; one end of the second resistor is electrically connected to the other end of the sampling resistor, and the other end of the second resistor is electrically connected to one end of the fourth resistor and the negative input terminal of the first comparator; the other end of the third resistor is electrically connected to the reference voltage generating circuit; and the other end of the fourth resistor is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first comparator. One end of the fifth resistor is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first comparator and the overcurrent detection circuit, and the other end of the fifth resistor is electrically connected to one end of the first capacitor and the main control module; the other end of the first capacitor is grounded.

8. The security management system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The reference voltage generating circuit includes: a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, and a second comparator; One end of the sixth resistor is connected to the first DC power supply, and the other end of the sixth resistor is electrically connected to one end of the seventh resistor, one end of the second capacitor, and the positive input terminal of the second comparator; the other end of the seventh resistor and the other end of the second capacitor are both grounded. The negative input terminal and the output terminal of the second comparator are both connected to the second DC power supply and are electrically connected to the current signal amplification circuit; the positive power supply terminal of the second comparator is connected to the first DC power supply, and the negative power supply terminal of the second comparator is grounded; one end of the third capacitor is electrically connected to the positive power supply terminal of the second comparator, and the other end of the third capacitor is grounded.

9. The security management system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The overcurrent detection circuit includes: an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a fourteenth resistor, a fifteenth resistor, a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor, a sixth capacitor, a seventh capacitor, an eighth capacitor, a ninth capacitor, a first diode, a second diode, a third comparator, and a fourth comparator; One end of the eighth resistor and one end of the ninth resistor are both electrically connected to the current signal amplification circuit. The other end of the eighth resistor is electrically connected to one end of the fourth capacitor and the negative input terminal of the third comparator. The other end of the fourth capacitor is grounded. The positive input terminal of the third comparator is electrically connected to one end of the tenth resistor, one end of the eleventh resistor, and one end of the fifth capacitor. The other end of the tenth resistor is connected to the first DC power supply. The other ends of the eleventh resistor and the fifth capacitor are both grounded. The positive power supply terminal of the third comparator is connected to the first DC power supply, and the negative power supply terminal of the third comparator is grounded. One end of the sixth capacitor is electrically connected to the positive power supply terminal of the third comparator, and the other end of the sixth capacitor is grounded. The output terminal of the third comparator is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the first diode. The other end of the ninth resistor is electrically connected to one end of the seventh capacitor and the positive input terminal of the fourth comparator; the other end of the seventh capacitor is grounded; the negative input terminal of the fourth comparator is electrically connected to one end of the twelfth resistor, one end of the thirteenth resistor, and one end of the eighth capacitor; the other end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the first DC power supply; the other ends of the thirteenth resistor and the eighth capacitor are both grounded; the output terminal of the fourth comparator is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the second diode. The positive terminals of the first diode and the second diode are both electrically connected to one end of the fourteenth resistor, and the other end of the fourteenth resistor is connected to the first DC power supply; one end of the fifteenth resistor is electrically connected to one end of the fourteenth resistor, and the other end of the fifteenth resistor is electrically connected to the main control module and one end of the ninth capacitor; the other end of the ninth capacitor is grounded.

10. An electric vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the security management system as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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