Bridge parallel steel wire bundle inhaul cable modularized intelligent protection system capable of resisting vehicle burning explosion

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle-blast-resistant bridge parallel steel wire bundle inhaul cable modularized intelligent protection system which is characterized in that a composite protection structure wraps the outer surface of a parallel steel wire bundle inhaul cable and comprises a continuous fireproof layer and a modularized impact-resistant part; the anti-impact part comprises a plurality of protection modules which are arranged in the axial direction of the inhaul cable and can be independently detached, and the anti-impact part is installed outside the fireproof layer and used for weakening damage of external impact loads to the inhaul cable and the fireproof layer. The intelligent monitoring and diagnosis unit comprises a data monitoring module and a data diagnosis module, the data monitoring module is used for collecting impact pressure signals, and the data diagnosis module is used for evaluating the protection performance of the fireproof layer; the method specifically comprises the steps that the impact pressure signal is compared with a damage threshold value of internal compaction or smashing of a fireproof heat insulation material in the fireproof layer in real time so as to quantitatively evaluate the structural integrity and the residual fireproof safety margin of the fireproof layer after impact, and damage positioning is associated to a specific damaged module in the protection module.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of safety protection of large-span bridge structures, and particularly relates to a modular intelligent protection system for bridge parallel steel wire bundle cable modules resisting vehicle combustion and explosion. BACKGROUND

[0002] In related technologies, as the core load-bearing component of large-span cable bridges, the service safety of parallel steel wire bundle cables directly determines the disaster resistance and durability of the overall structure. However, the bridge parallel steel wire bundle cable protection technology capable of effectively resisting the "impact-fire" strong coupling sequence caused by vehicle combustion and explosion has become an urgent engineering problem to be solved.

[0003] Existing cable protection measures mainly focus on corrosion and fire protection, and generally use PE sheath, fireproof paint or wrapped aerogel felt. However, such protection systems have a fundamental failure risk when facing the extreme working condition of vehicle combustion. Vehicle combustion has a unique "impact-fire" strong coupling feature: the overpressure shock wave and high-speed fragments generated in the instant of detonation will first produce a violent peeling and puncture effect on the cable protection layer. Since the existing PE sheath and fireproof materials are generally brittle, they are prone to large-area fragmentation and falling under the action of the shock wave. Therefore, before the arrival of the subsequent "jet fire" stage, the fireproof layer of the cable may have been completely peeled off due to the impact, resulting in a fatal situation of "damage before burning, thermal protection failure". In order to solve the problem of cable impact protection, Chinese patent CN113605233A discloses a fire and explosion-proof bridge cable protection system. The scheme connects the outer sealing sleeve through multiple separate clamps and springs, trying to use the elastic deformation of mechanical springs to buffer the impact. This mechanical spring shock-absorbing design not only has a complex structure and a large volume, but also when facing the vehicle combustion overpressure shock wave, its limited spring stroke is prone to instant bottoming out failure, and cannot provide effective energy dissipation.

[0004] More critically, existing protection technologies suffer from a fatal flaw: diagnostic failure. Even if a cable is subjected to a single impact event, the impact can easily cause hidden damage such as compaction or pulverization within the internal fire-resistant material. Such damage is difficult to detect through traditional visual inspections, routine checks, and infrared imaging, leading to maintenance problems of "invisible damage and unknown condition." If the cable encounters a fire while already damaged, its fire resistance limit will be far below design expectations, posing a catastrophic and unpredictable major risk to the bridge. Chinese patent CN117344621A discloses a fire protection and early warning monitoring system suitable for cable-stayed bridges. This patent determines whether a fire or pipeline leak has occurred by monitoring water level and temperature, and uses the principle of communicating vessels to replenish water. However, this monitoring logic based on "fluid-heat" is extremely vulnerable to vehicle explosions: the shock wave generated by the explosion can easily destroy its complex hydraulic pipelines and thin-walled sleeves, causing the system to collapse instantly, and it is completely unable to diagnose whether the fire-resistant material itself has suffered physical compaction or pulverization damage.

[0005] Therefore, the industry urgently needs to break through the limitations of the existing protection system, which is characterized by "single function, fragile structure, and blind operation and maintenance," and establish a new "modular explosion-proof-precise diagnosis" model for extreme vehicle combustion and explosion conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. Therefore, the first objective of this invention is to propose a modular intelligent protection system for bridge parallel steel wire bundle cables resistant to vehicle combustion and explosion. Through modular impact-resistant components and a highly efficient fireproof layer design, it effectively resists the initial shock wave and subsequent high-temperature fire generated by vehicle combustion and explosion. Simultaneously, through an integrated intelligent monitoring and diagnostic unit, it not only achieves quantitative assessment of hidden damage (such as compaction and pulverization) to the internal fireproof layer, but also accurately locates the damage to specific damaged modules, thereby providing key technical support for emergency rescue decision-making during disasters and rapid post-disaster repair.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of the present invention provides a modular intelligent protection system for bridge parallel steel wire bundle cables resistant to vehicle combustion and explosion, comprising: The composite protective structure covers the outer surface of the parallel steel wire bundle cable and includes a continuous fireproof layer and a modular impact-resistant part. The impact-resistant part includes multiple independently detachable protective modules arranged along the cable axis and installed on the outside of the fireproof layer to reduce the damage of external impact loads to the cable and the fireproof layer. The intelligent monitoring and diagnostic unit includes a data monitoring module and a data diagnostic module. The data monitoring module is used to collect impact pressure signals. The data diagnostic module is used to compare the impact pressure signals with the damage threshold of internal compaction or crushing of the fireproof insulation material in the fireproof layer in real time, so as to quantitatively assess the structural integrity and remaining fire resistance safety margin of the fireproof layer after impact, and associate the damage location with a specific damaged module in the protection module, thereby evaluating the protective performance of the fireproof layer.

[0008] Furthermore, the modular intelligent protection system for bridge parallel steel wire bundle cables resistant to vehicle combustion and explosion according to the above embodiments of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features: According to one embodiment of the present invention, the composite protective structure further includes an anti-corrosion layer; the anti-corrosion layer is an HDPE sleeve, which is wrapped around the outer surface of the cable; the fireproof layer is a single or double layer of aerogel felt, which is wrapped around the outer surface of the anti-corrosion layer by staggered splicing.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the composite protective structure further includes a weather-resistant layer; the weather-resistant layer is a fluorocarbon coating, which is sprayed on the outermost side of the protective module.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the protective module includes a rigid puncture-resistant layer and a flexible buffer layer; the rigid puncture-resistant layer is a modular, detachable stainless steel sleeve, which is directly installed on the surface of the fireproof layer to guide the impact load to diffuse axially and weaken the local concentrated effect; the flexible buffer layer is a superelastic polyurea material, which is sprayed on the surface of the rigid puncture-resistant layer to form a synergistic buffer energy absorption structure; the protective module also includes an intumescent thin-film fireproof coating sprayed on the surface of the flexible buffer layer.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the modular detachable stainless steel sleeve is composed of multiple standard protective segments spliced ​​together along the axial direction. Each standard protective segment is formed by the interlocking of a first semi-circular arc plate and a second semi-circular arc plate separated along the circumference. The specific connection structure is as follows: Radial splicing: The longitudinal side of the first semi-circular arc plate is provided with a U-shaped side plate, and the corresponding side of the second semi-circular arc plate is provided with a straight side plate. The two are fastened together by a first bolt that passes through the U-shaped side plate and the straight side plate. At the same time, a lateral lap plate is provided on the inner side of the side splice of the first semi-circular arc plate. The lateral lap plate is padded on the inner side of the joint of the second semi-circular arc plate to form a radial sealing structure. Axial splicing: The two adjacent standard protective segments are fastened together along the axial direction by connecting lugs set at the ends of the first and second semicircular arc plates and the second bolts; wherein, the end splice of the standard protective segment is provided with an end overlap plate, which is inserted into the interior of the adjacent standard protective segment to ensure the sealing and continuity of the axial connection of the rigid puncture-resistant layer.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the data monitoring module includes a flexible piezoelectric thin film sensor array, a signal acquisition line, and a signal conditioning unit; the flexible piezoelectric thin film sensor array is arranged between the fireproof layer and the rigid puncture-resistant layer, and is used to convert the impact load into an impact pressure signal, and transmit the impact pressure signal to the signal conditioning unit through the signal acquisition line, and the signal conditioning unit preprocesses the impact pressure signal.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the data diagnostic module includes a storage unit; the storage unit pre-stores material damage thresholds for the fireproof layer, the damage thresholds including at least a compaction threshold and a pulverization threshold; the compaction threshold is the critical impact pressure corresponding to when the thermal insulation performance of the fireproof layer begins to decrease significantly due to irreversible compaction of the pore structure; the pulverization threshold is the critical impact pressure corresponding to when the fireproof layer breaks and loses its structural integrity.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the data diagnostic module further includes a data processing unit and a data transmission unit; the data processing unit is used not only to automatically identify the damage status of the fireproof layer and trigger graded early warning based on the signal of the flexible piezoelectric thin film sensor array, but also to locate the damage and associate it with a specific impact-damaged module; the data transmission unit is used to send data containing graded early warning signals and damage location information to the bridge health monitoring system or emergency rescue command center.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the diagnostic method performed by the intelligent monitoring and diagnostic unit includes the following steps: S1, Acquisition and Location: The impact event signal is captured by the sensor array in the data monitoring module, and the impact is initially located to the specific damaged module based on the response of each sensor in the array; S2, Processing and Comparison: The data diagnosis module extracts the impact pressure signal at the location and compares it with the preset compaction threshold and crushing threshold of the fireproof and heat-insulating material in the fireproof layer; S3, Tiered Early Warning: When the impact pressure signal is less than the compaction threshold, the fireproof layer is determined to be basically intact, triggering a level three warning. When the impact pressure signal is greater than or equal to the compaction threshold but less than the crushing threshold, the fireproof layer is judged to be compacted and damaged, triggering a level two warning. When the impact pressure signal is greater than or equal to the pulverization threshold, it is determined that the fireproof layer has been pulverized and damage is triggered, triggering a level one warning. S4, Information Transmission: Send data containing early warning level and location identification information to the bridge health monitoring system or emergency rescue command center.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: (1) Modular rigid-flexible synergy eliminates the hidden danger of "damage before burning". This invention constructs a modular rigid-flexible synergistic impact-resistant part with excellent energy dissipation capability through the synergistic design of modular stainless steel sleeve and ultra-elastic buffer layer. This structure can effectively disperse and shield the damage to the inner fireproof material and cable body caused by the violent shock wave and fragments generated by vehicle combustion and explosion. Compared with the traditional "integral winding" protection, the segmented modular structure of this invention not only significantly reduces the risk of compaction, puncture and crushing of the fireproof layer, but also fundamentally solves the problem of "local damage leading to overall failure" of the protective structure after impact, ensuring that the cable still has a complete and efficient heat insulation barrier in subsequent fires.

[0017] (2) Rapid damage assessment and location, solving the problem of "damage not being detected". This invention innovatively couples impact perception with the compaction threshold and crushing threshold of fireproof layer materials, which not only realizes the quantitative assessment of hidden damage in the internal fireproof layer, but also has the ability to accurately locate specific damaged modules. This effectively solves the technical problem that damage in traditional cable protection systems is "not intuitive to judge and cannot locate the source".

[0018] (3) Empowering emergency decision-making during disasters and improving the efficiency of post-disaster rescue. This invention integrates a detachable modular structure with a location-based intelligent diagnostic system, providing key decision support for the "golden rescue period" during disasters. After extreme accidents such as vehicle explosions, the system can immediately report the true safety status and damaged location of the cables to the emergency command center, assisting decision-makers in quickly determining whether the bridge is capable of supporting rescue vehicles, greatly improving the protection capability and emergency response efficiency of the bridge structure under sudden disasters.

[0019] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-level composite cable protection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the cable protection system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-level composite cable protection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a standard segment of a cable-stayed multi-level composite protective structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the working principle of a cable protection system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure label: 1. Cable; 2. Anti-corrosion layer; 3. Fireproof layer; 4. Impact-resistant part; 41. Rigid puncture-resistant layer; 411. First semi-circular arc plate; 412. Second semi-circular arc plate; 413. U-shaped side plate; 414. Straight side plate; 415. First bolt; 416. Lateral overlap plate; 417. Connecting ear plate; 418. Second bolt; 419. End overlap plate; 42. Flexible buffer layer; 43. Fireproof coating; 5. Weather-resistant layer; 6. Data monitoring module; 61. Flexible piezoelectric thin film sensor array; 62. Signal acquisition circuit; 63. Signal conditioning unit; 7. Data diagnostic module; 71. Storage unit; 72. Data processing unit; 73. Data transmission unit. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0023] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes a modular intelligent protection system for bridge parallel steel wire bundle cables that is resistant to vehicle combustion and explosion, as proposed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown in the figure, the modular intelligent protection system for bridge parallel steel wire bundle cables resistant to vehicle combustion and explosion according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a composite protection structure and an intelligent monitoring and diagnostic unit.

[0025] The composite protective structure covers the outer surface of the parallel wire bundle cable and includes a continuous fireproof layer 3 and a modular impact-resistant part 4. The impact-resistant part 4 includes multiple independently detachable protective modules arranged along the axial direction of the cable 1, installed on the outside of the fireproof layer 3, to weaken the damage of external impact loads to the cable 1 and the fireproof layer 3. It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present invention, the cable 1 is a parallel wire bundle cable. To avoid being too verbose, the parallel wire bundle cable will be abbreviated as cable in the following text.

[0026] The intelligent monitoring and diagnostic unit includes a data monitoring module 6 and a data diagnostic module 7. The data monitoring module 6 is used to collect impact pressure signals, and the data diagnostic module 7 is used to evaluate the protective performance of the fireproof layer 3. Specifically, it compares the impact pressure signals with the damage threshold of the fireproof insulation material in the fireproof layer 3 when it undergoes internal compaction or pulverization in real time, so as to quantitatively evaluate the structural integrity and remaining fire resistance safety margin of the fireproof layer 3 after impact, and locates the damage and associates it with the specific damaged module in the protection module.

[0027] The intelligent monitoring and diagnostic unit includes a data monitoring module 6 and a data diagnostic module 7. The data monitoring module 6 is used to collect impact pressure signals, and the data diagnostic module 7 is used to compare the impact pressure signals with the damage threshold of internal compaction or crushing of the fireproof insulation material in the fireproof layer 3 in real time, so as to quantitatively assess the structural integrity and remaining fire resistance safety margin of the fireproof layer 3 after impact, and associate the damage location with the specific damaged module in the protection module, thereby evaluating the protective performance of the fireproof layer 3.

[0028] The system's intelligence is reflected in the deep integration of the "intelligent monitoring and diagnostic unit" with the protective structure. The data monitoring module 6, through a distributed sensor network embedded in the impact-resistant section 4 module, collects key signals such as pressure distribution and time-history curves in real time during impact events. Subsequently, the data diagnostic module 7 compares these real-time signals with a "damage threshold" pre-determined through material experiments—this threshold precisely corresponds to the critical state at which the fireproof insulation material suffers irreversible damage such as internal compaction and pulverization under impact. Through this real-time comparison, the system can go beyond qualitative judgment, achieving a quantitative assessment of the structural integrity of the fireproof layer 3 and accurately calculating its remaining fire resistance margin.

[0029] Ultimately, the system achieves closed-loop management from perception and diagnosis to precise location. The diagnostic module not only assesses the overall degradation of protective performance but also correlates identified damage signals with the physical location of specific sensors, thereby accurately locating the specific "damaged module" or modules within the protective layer composed of numerous independent modules. This provides clear instructions for subsequent maintenance actions, ensuring that targeted repairs or replacements of degraded areas can be carried out immediately, thus ensuring the ultimate safety of Bridge Cable 1 in the face of extreme fire and impact combined disasters while efficiently utilizing resources.

[0030] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the composite protective structure further includes an anti-corrosion layer 2; the anti-corrosion layer 2 is an HDPE sleeve that covers the outer surface of the cable 1; the fireproof layer 3 is a single or double layer of aerogel felt that is wrapped around the outer surface of the anti-corrosion layer 2 by staggered splicing.

[0031] Specifically, the composite protective structure introduces an HDPE sleeve as the core anti-corrosion layer 2, constructing the first active line of defense extending outward from the cable 1 substrate. This dense HDPE sleeve tightly wraps around the outer surface of the cable 1, effectively isolating external moisture and oxygen, preventing corrosion of the cable 1 wires, and serving as the installation base for the subsequent high-efficiency fireproof layer 3. Building upon this, the system innovatively employs a single or double layer of aerogel felt as the fireproof layer 3, with a total thickness of 5mm to 10mm, outside the anti-corrosion layer 2. Unlike the outer modular impact-resistant layer 4, this layer uses an axially continuous wrapping method, tightly wrapped through a "staggered splicing" process, with an overlap rate preferably around 52%. This continuous structure completely eliminates the "thermal bridge" effect, ensuring that the internal HDPE sleeve does not melt and the wires do not anneal under the high temperatures of combustion and explosion. This not only ensures the overall continuity and integrity of the fireproof layer 3 and completely eliminates the thermal bridging effect, but also provides excellent fire-resistant and heat-insulating protection for the cable 1 in fire scenarios with its extremely low thermal conductivity.

[0032] Thus, this dual-layer "corrosion-proof and fire-proof" design achieves precise functional division and synergistic performance enhancement. The inner HDPE sleeve focuses on solving the electrochemical corrosion problem of cable 1 under long-term service conditions, while its outer aerogel felt fireproof layer 3 specializes in dealing with short-term extreme high-temperature fire threats; together, they form a composite protection system that takes into account both daily and emergency situations, as well as long-term and short-term full-cycle safety. Crucially, the aerogel felt employs a staggered wrapping construction process, which prevents the formation of through-hole weak points at the joints of fireproof layer 3 when it encounters external impacts or structural deformation, thereby further strengthening its overall stability and reliability as the foundation of the impact-resistant part 4.

[0033] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the composite protective structure further includes a weather-resistant layer 5; the weather-resistant layer 5 is a fluorocarbon coating, which is sprayed on the outermost side of the protective module.

[0034] Specifically, this composite protection system features an additional high-performance weather-resistant layer 5 on its outermost side. This layer is typically made of fluorocarbon coating applied uniformly to the outer surface of all modular impact-resistant parts 4, with a preferred coating thickness of 20μm to 50μm. This coating forms the first line of defense against the natural environment, exhibiting excellent resistance to ultraviolet radiation, acid and alkali spray corrosion, and aging. It effectively resists ultraviolet radiation, acid rain erosion, and atmospheric aging, significantly improving the service life of the modular stainless steel sleeve and polyurea layer. Furthermore, as the exterior surface of the replaceable modules, the weather-resistant layer 5 can be configured with specific colors according to the bridge's aesthetic requirements, ensuring visual consistency after module replacement.

[0035] Therefore, by introducing the fluorocarbon coating weather-resistant layer 5, not only is the appearance and durability of the protective module greatly improved throughout its entire life cycle, but it also protects the underlying impact-resistant layer 4 and fireproof layer 3 from direct damage by environmental factors, ensuring the long-term effectiveness and stability of the core protective functions. This enables the entire intelligent protection system to cope with extreme impacts and fire risks while also possessing excellent adaptability to daily environments, achieving comprehensive safety assurance from special event protection to all-weather durable maintenance.

[0036] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the protective module includes a rigid puncture-resistant layer 41 and a flexible buffer layer 42; the rigid puncture-resistant layer 41 is a modular, detachable stainless steel sleeve, which is directly installed on the surface of the fireproof layer 3 to guide the impact load to diffuse axially and weaken the local concentrated effect; the flexible buffer layer 42 is a superelastic polyurea material, which is sprayed on the surface of the rigid puncture-resistant layer 41 to form a synergistic buffer energy absorption structure; the protective module also includes an intumescent thin-film fireproof coating 43 sprayed on the surface of the flexible buffer layer 42.

[0037] Specifically, the protective module, through a composite design of a rigid puncture-resistant layer 41 and a flexible buffer layer 42, constructs a synergistic gradient buffer energy-absorbing structure, which is a key barrier protecting the internal brittle aerogel felt from impact damage. The inner layer of the protective module is a modular, detachable stainless steel sleeve, which is a solid shell structure formed by two semi-circular arc plates radially joined together by high-strength bolts. When encountering high-speed fragments or sharp object impacts from vehicle combustion and explosion, the stainless steel sleeve effectively prevents punctures due to its metallic rigidity; at the same time, it utilizes the shell structure characteristics to diffuse the concentrated impact load over a large area on the rigid surface, providing physical shielding and preventing the internal aerogel felt from being locally crushed or punctured.

[0038] The flexible buffer layer 42 is applied to the surface of the modular stainless steel sleeve by spraying. It is preferably made of superelastic polyurea material, with a spray thickness of 2mm to 5mm. Polyurea material has excellent viscoelasticity and elongation at break, allowing it to undergo large deformation upon arrival of the explosive shock wave, thereby absorbing and dissipating a massive amount of impact energy. Furthermore, it works closely with the inner stainless steel sleeve to form a composite impact-resistant structure of "outer flexibility (energy absorption and wave dissipation) - inner rigidity (rigid shielding)". This structure utilizes polyurea to prolong the impact time and the steel sleeve to prevent fragment penetration, achieving highly efficient resistance to the complex loads of vehicle combustion and explosion.

[0039] The fire-retardant coating 43 is an intumescent thin-film fire-retardant coating, which is uniformly sprayed on the outside of the flexible buffer layer 42 (i.e., the polyurea layer), preferably with a dry film thickness of 10μm to 30μm. Since organic elastomer materials such as polyurea are easily combustible or softened when in direct contact with flames, this fire-retardant coating 43, as the first thermal barrier of the standard protection module, can rapidly expand upon heating in the early stages of a fire, forming a dense heat-insulating char layer, thereby effectively delaying the thermal decomposition of the internal polyurea layer and ensuring that the impact-resistant part 4 can maintain the structural integrity under the high temperature of a fire.

[0040] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the modular detachable stainless steel sleeve is composed of multiple standard protective segments spliced ​​together along the axial direction. Each standard protective segment is formed by the snap-fitting of a first semi-circular arc plate 411 and a second semi-circular arc plate 412 separated along the circumference. Its thickness is preferably 0.5mm to 1.0mm, and its specific connection structure is as follows: Radial splicing (interlocking structure): The longitudinal side of the first semicircular plate 411 is provided with a U-shaped side plate 413, and the corresponding side of the second semicircular plate 412 is provided with a straight side plate 414. The two are fastened together by a first bolt 415 passing through the U-shaped side plate 413 and the straight side plate 414, tightly interlocking and fixing the two semicircular plates to the outside of the fireproof layer 3. At the same time, a lateral lap plate 416 extends from the inner side of the side splice of the first semicircular plate 411. The lateral lap plate 416 is padded inside the joint of the second semicircular plate 412 to form a radial sealing structure, thereby preventing external corrosive media or explosive flames from seeping in along the splice.

[0041] Axial splicing (series structure): The two adjacent standard protective segments are fastened together in the axial direction by connecting lugs 417 and second bolts 418 located at the ends of the first semicircular arc plate 411 and the second semicircular arc plate 412. In order to accommodate the slight deformation of the cable 1 during operation and to ensure sealing, an end overlap plate 419 is provided at the end joint of the standard protective segment and inserted into the adjacent standard protective segment to ensure the sealing and continuity of the axial connection of the rigid puncture-resistant layer 41.

[0042] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the data monitoring module 6 includes a flexible piezoelectric thin film sensor array 61, a signal acquisition line 62, and a signal conditioning unit 63; the flexible piezoelectric thin film sensor array 61 is arranged between the fireproof layer 3 and the rigid puncture-resistant layer 41, and is used to convert the impact load into an impact pressure signal, and transmit the impact pressure signal to the signal conditioning unit 63 through the signal acquisition line 62, and the signal conditioning unit 63 preprocesses the impact pressure signal.

[0043] Specifically, the core sensing element of the data monitoring module 6 is a flexible piezoelectric thin-film sensor array 61, which is precisely arranged at the critical interface between the fireproof layer 3 and the rigid puncture-resistant layer 41. This arrangement allows it to directly sense and capture the impact stress transmitted through the outer buffer layer, accurately capture the effective impact pressure that penetrates the outer steel sleeve and actually acts on the internal aerogel felt, and utilize the steel sleeve as an electromagnetic shielding layer to avoid external noise interference; and efficiently convert it into the corresponding charge signal (i.e., the original impact pressure signal). Subsequently, through the integrated signal acquisition line 62, these preliminary electrical signals are transmitted in real time to the signal conditioning unit 63.

[0044] The signal conditioning unit 63 preprocesses the received raw impact pressure signal, typically including key steps such as amplifying weak signals, filtering out environmental noise interference, and performing digital conversion. The conditioned impact pressure signal exhibits significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio and accuracy, providing a reliable data foundation for accurate damage threshold comparison and quantitative assessment by the backend diagnostic module. This ensures the accuracy and reliability of the entire intelligent monitoring and diagnostic system in responding to impact events.

[0045] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the data diagnostic module 7 includes a storage unit 71; the storage unit 71 pre-stores material damage thresholds for the fireproof layer 3, the damage thresholds including at least a compaction threshold and a pulverization threshold; the compaction threshold is the critical impact pressure corresponding to the significant decrease in the thermal insulation performance of the fireproof layer 3 due to irreversible compaction of the pore structure; the pulverization threshold is the critical impact pressure corresponding to the breakage and loss of structural integrity of the fireproof layer 3. The compaction threshold and pulverization threshold can be obtained by conducting drop hammer impact tests of different energy levels on the aerogel felt material, combined with the microstructure characterization and thermal insulation performance testing of the material after the tests.

[0046] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the data diagnostic module 7 further includes a data processing unit 72 and a data transmission unit 73; the data processing unit 72 is used not only to automatically identify the damage status of the fireproof layer 3 and trigger graded early warning based on the signal of the flexible piezoelectric thin film sensor array 61, but also to locate the damage and associate it with a specific impact-damaged module; the data transmission unit 73 is used to send data containing graded early warning signals and damage location information to the bridge health monitoring system or emergency rescue command center.

[0047] Specifically, the storage unit 71 of the data diagnostic module 7 is its knowledge base for precise diagnosis. It pre-stores key performance thresholds for the fireproof layer 3 material, primarily including two core damage thresholds: the "compaction threshold" and the "crushing threshold." The "compaction threshold" is defined as the critical pressure value at which the unique microporous structure of the fireproof layer 3 (such as aerogel felt) begins to irreversibly collapse and compact under impact pressure, leading to a significant decrease in its thermal insulation performance. The "crushing threshold" corresponds to the critical impact pressure at which the fireproof layer 3 material undergoes macroscopic fragmentation, completely losing its structural integrity and load-bearing capacity. These two thresholds together constitute a complete damage criterion for assessing the fireproof layer 3 from performance degradation to structural failure.

[0048] The data processing unit 72 is the "brain" of the entire diagnostic module. Based on the damage threshold in the storage unit 71, it intelligently analyzes the pre-processed impact pressure signal from the signal conditioning unit 63. This unit can not only automatically compare the real-time impact pressure with preset compaction and crushing thresholds to accurately identify the different damage states of the fireproof layer 3, such as "intact," "performance degradation," or "structural failure," and trigger corresponding graded warnings accordingly; but also accurately locate the identified damage location by analyzing the spatial signal distribution of the sensor array and associate it with specific, physically addressable protection modules, thus achieving a leap from "state assessment" to "module location."

[0049] Finally, the data transmission unit 73 is responsible for efficiently outputting the diagnostic conclusions generated by the data processing unit 72. It transmits key information, including specific warning levels, damage severity, and associated damaged module numbers, in a standardized data format to the next-level bridge health monitoring system in real time via wired or wireless networks, providing precise guidance for structural maintenance. Simultaneously, when a high-level warning is triggered, the alarm information can also be sent to the emergency rescue command center, providing immediate and reliable data support for post-disaster emergency response and rescue decisions, thus forming a complete closed loop from perception and diagnosis to decision support.

[0050] Specifically, when a vehicle combustion and explosion extreme disaster occurs, the synergistic working principle of the modular composite protective structure is as follows: ① Primary thermal protection: The weather-resistant layer 5 and the fire-retardant coating 43 play their role first, initially resisting the high temperature and heat radiation at the moment of combustion and explosion; ② Flexible energy absorption: Most of the impact energy is absorbed and dissipated by the flexible buffer layer 42 through its own viscoelastic properties and large deformation effect; ③ Rigid shielding: The remaining impact energy or high-speed explosion fragment impact is physically blocked and stress diffused by the modular stainless steel sleeve, thereby effectively preventing the internal brittle materials from being punctured or crushed; ④ Core heat insulation: Thanks to the above multi-level synergistic protection, the internal high-efficiency fireproof layer 3 (aerogel felt) can maintain structural integrity, thereby playing an excellent heat insulation performance (resisting temperatures above 1000℃) in the subsequent sustained high temperature fire, ensuring that the steel wire of the cable 1 does not anneal or degrade in strength.

[0051] According to one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 5 As shown, the diagnostic method performed by the intelligent monitoring and diagnostic unit includes the following steps: S1, Acquisition and Location: The sensor array in the data monitoring module 6 captures the impact event signal, and the impact is initially located to the specific damaged module based on the response of each sensor in the array.

[0052] In other words, when an external impact event occurs, the flexible piezoelectric thin film sensor array 61 is triggered. The data processing unit 72 first identifies the number of the specific damaged protection module affected by the impact based on the physical encoding of the sensor array.

[0053] S2, Processing and Comparison: Data diagnostic module 7 extracts the impact pressure signal "P" at the positioning point and compares it with the preset compaction threshold "P" of the fireproof and heat-insulating material in fireproof layer 3. C "and crushing threshold "P F "Compare them."

[0054] S3, Tiered Early Warning: When the impact pressure signal is less than the compaction threshold (P) <P C When the fireproof layer is determined to be basically intact, a level three warning is triggered, indicating that an impact event has occurred; When the impact pressure signal is greater than or equal to the compaction threshold and less than the crushing threshold (P) C ≤P <P F When the fireproof layer is found to be compacted and damaged, and its thermal insulation performance is reduced, the system triggers a level two warning, indicating to emergency rescue personnel that the area has suffered severe impact damage and the fire safety margin has been reduced. When the impact pressure signal is greater than or equal to the crushing threshold (P≥P) F When the fireproof layer is determined to be shattered and damaged, essentially losing its heat insulation function, the system triggers a Level 1 warning, indicating to emergency rescue personnel that the structure cannot withstand subsequent fires and the bridge should be immediately closed.

[0055] S4, Information Transmission: Send data containing early warning level and location identification information to the bridge health monitoring system or emergency rescue command center.

[0056] In other words, the data transmission unit 73 will send data packets containing the aforementioned graded early warning signals (level 1, level 2 and level 3 early warnings) and location identification information (specific impact location) to the bridge health monitoring system cloud platform and emergency rescue command center via wired or wireless means.

[0057] In summary, this invention, through the integration of a modular composite protective structure and an intelligent monitoring and diagnostic unit, not only achieves highly efficient protection of cables against vehicle fire and explosion, but also solves the problem of "unknown and difficult to locate" hidden damage by accurately locating and quantitatively diagnosing specific damaged modules and internal fireproof layers. This provides key technical support for rapid modular replacement and emergency rescue decision-making after disasters, significantly improving the service resilience and recovery efficiency of bridge structures under extreme vehicle fire and explosion disasters.

[0058] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0059] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0060] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0061] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A modular intelligent protection system for bridge parallel steel wire bundle cables resistant to vehicle combustion and explosion, characterized in that, include: A composite protective structure is provided, which covers the outer surface of the parallel steel wire bundle cable and includes a continuous fireproof layer and a modular impact-resistant part. The impact-resistant part includes multiple independently detachable protective modules arranged along the axial direction of the cable and installed outside the fireproof layer to reduce the damage of external impact loads to the cable and the fireproof layer. The intelligent monitoring and diagnostic unit includes a data monitoring module and a data diagnostic module. The data monitoring module is used to collect impact pressure signals. The data diagnostic module compares the impact pressure signals with the damage threshold of internal compaction or pulverization of the fireproof insulation material in the fireproof layer in real time to quantitatively assess the structural integrity and remaining fire resistance safety margin of the fireproof layer after impact, and associates the damage location with a specific damaged module in the protection module, thereby evaluating the protective performance of the fireproof layer.

2. The modular intelligent protection system for bridge parallel steel wire bundle cables resistant to vehicle combustion and explosion as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The composite protective structure also includes an anti-corrosion layer; the anti-corrosion layer is an HDPE sleeve that covers the outer surface of the cable; the fireproof layer is a single or double layer of aerogel felt that is wrapped around the outer surface of the anti-corrosion layer by staggered splicing.

3. The modular intelligent protection system for bridge parallel steel wire bundle cables resistant to vehicle combustion and explosion as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The composite protective structure also includes a weather-resistant layer; the weather-resistant layer is a fluorocarbon coating, which is sprayed onto the outermost side of the protective module.

4. The modular intelligent protection system for bridge parallel steel wire bundle cables resistant to vehicle combustion and explosion as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The protective module includes a rigid puncture-resistant layer and a flexible buffer layer; the rigid puncture-resistant layer is a modular, detachable stainless steel sleeve that is directly installed on the surface of the fireproof layer to guide the impact load to diffuse axially and weaken localized concentrated effects; the flexible buffer layer is a super-elastic polyurea material that is sprayed onto the surface of the rigid puncture-resistant layer to form a synergistic buffer and energy-absorbing structure; the protective module also includes an intumescent thin-film fireproof coating sprayed onto the surface of the flexible buffer layer.

5. The modular intelligent protection system for bridge parallel steel wire bundle cables resistant to vehicle combustion and explosion as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The modular, detachable stainless steel sleeve is composed of multiple standard protective segments spliced ​​together along the axial direction. Each standard protective segment is formed by the interlocking of a first semi-circular arc plate and a second semi-circular arc plate separated along the circumference. Its specific connection structure is as follows: Radial splicing: The longitudinal side of the first semi-circular arc plate is provided with a U-shaped side plate, and the corresponding side of the second semi-circular arc plate is provided with a straight side plate. The two are fastened together by a first bolt passing through the U-shaped side plate and the straight side plate. At the same time, a lateral lap plate is provided on the inner side of the side splice of the first semi-circular arc plate. The lateral lap plate is padded on the inner side of the joint of the second semi-circular arc plate to form a radial sealing structure. Axial splicing: The two adjacent standard protective segments are fastened together along the axial direction by connecting lugs and second bolts located at the ends of the first and second semicircular arc plates; wherein, the end splice of the standard protective segment is provided with an end overlap plate, which is inserted into the adjacent standard protective segment to ensure the sealing and continuity of the axial connection of the rigid puncture-resistant layer.

6. The modular intelligent protection system for bridge parallel steel wire bundle cables resistant to vehicle combustion and explosion as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The data monitoring module includes a flexible piezoelectric thin film sensor array, a signal acquisition line, and a signal conditioning unit. The flexible piezoelectric thin film sensor array is arranged between the fireproof layer and the rigid puncture-resistant layer to convert the impact load into the impact pressure signal and transmit the impact pressure signal to the signal conditioning unit through the signal acquisition line. The signal conditioning unit preprocesses the impact pressure signal.

7. The modular intelligent protection system for bridge parallel steel wire bundle cables resistant to vehicle combustion and explosion as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The data diagnostic module includes a storage unit; the storage unit pre-stores the material damage threshold of the fireproof layer, the damage threshold including at least a compaction threshold and a pulverization threshold; the compaction threshold is the critical impact pressure corresponding to when the thermal insulation performance of the fireproof layer begins to decrease significantly due to irreversible compaction of the pore structure; the pulverization threshold is the critical impact pressure corresponding to when the fireproof layer breaks and loses its structural integrity.

8. The modular intelligent protection system for bridge parallel steel wire bundle cables resistant to vehicle combustion and explosion as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The data diagnostic module further includes a data processing unit and a data transmission unit; the data processing unit is used not only to automatically identify the damage status of the fireproof layer and trigger graded early warning based on the signal of the flexible piezoelectric thin film sensor array, but also to locate the damage and associate it with a specific impact-damaged module; the data transmission unit is used to send data containing the graded early warning signal and damage location information to the bridge health monitoring system or emergency rescue command center.

9. The modular intelligent protection system for bridge parallel steel wire bundle cables resistant to vehicle combustion and explosion as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The diagnostic method performed by the intelligent monitoring and diagnostic unit includes the following steps: S1, Acquisition and Location: The impact event signal is captured by the sensor array in the data monitoring module, and the impact is initially located to the specific damaged module based on the response of each sensor in the array; S2, Processing and Comparison: The data diagnosis module extracts the impact pressure signal at the location and compares it with the preset compaction threshold and crushing threshold of the fireproof and heat-insulating material in the fireproof layer; S3, Tiered Early Warning: When the impact pressure signal is less than the compaction threshold, the fireproof layer is determined to be basically intact, triggering a level three warning. When the impact pressure signal is greater than or equal to the compaction threshold but less than the crushing threshold, the fireproof layer is determined to be compacted and damaged, triggering a level two warning. When the impact pressure signal is greater than or equal to the pulverization threshold, it is determined that the fireproof layer has been pulverized and damage is triggered, triggering a level one warning. S4, Information Transmission: Send data containing early warning level and location identification information to the bridge health monitoring system or emergency rescue command center.

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