Blasting charging method

Abstract

The invention discloses a blasting charging method, which belongs to the technical field of blasting charging, and comprises the following steps: introducing a bearing pipeline into a formed drill hole until the tail end of the bearing pipeline reaches the bottom of the drill hole; blasting explosives and blasting primer powder are loaded into the energy gathering pipe, the assembled energy gathering pipe is fed into the bearing pipeline, and meanwhile a blasting lead connected with the blasting primer powder is pulled to the outer side of the drill hole; and hole sealing materials are filled for hole sealing, and after hole sealing is stable, a blasting lead is connected with a blasting device. The problem of drilling flatness can be solved, and the working efficiency and the blasting precision are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of blasting charge, and more particularly relates to a blasting charge method. BACKGROUND

[0002] When underground engineering faces special extreme conditions such as extremely hard rock and limited space, in order to improve the working efficiency of tunneling in the face of geological conditions and construction restrictions, a blasting method of drilling by an anchor rod drilling machine is used. However, in practice, the inside of the drill hole is often uneven. During the charging process, the blasting material is prone to tilt and jam when hitting the inner wall of the drill hole. Due to the narrowness of the drill hole, it is difficult to adjust the angle of the blasting material after jamming, and the blasting accuracy will also be reduced to different degrees due to the deviation of the angle of the blasting material, ultimately causing problems such as difficult charging, low efficiency, and inaccurate blasting.

[0003] Therefore, how to provide a charging method that can overcome the problem of drill hole flatness, improve work efficiency and blasting accuracy is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a blasting charge method that can overcome the problem of drill hole flatness.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A blasting charge method comprises:

[0007] Passing a bearing pipeline into the formed drill hole until the end of the bearing pipeline reaches the bottom of the drill hole;

[0008] Loading blasting explosives and blasting primers into the shaped charge tube, and sending the assembled shaped charge tube into the bearing pipeline, while pulling the blasting primer connecting blasting lead to the outside of the drill hole;

[0009] Filling and sealing the hole with sealing materials, and connecting the blasting device to the blasting lead after the hole sealing is stable.

[0010] Optionally, the inner side surface of the bearing pipeline is a smooth surface.

[0011] Optionally, the length of the bearing pipeline is greater than or equal to the length of the drill hole.

[0012] Optionally, the inner diameter of the bearing pipeline is greater than the outer diameter of the shaped charge tube, and an annular gap of 9-10 mm is formed between the two.

[0013] Optionally, the shaped charge tube is provided with multiple sections, the first section of the shaped charge tube is filled with blasting primer and blasting explosive, and the remaining sections of the shaped charge tube are filled with blasting explosive, the first section of the shaped charge tube is sent into the carrier pipeline after assembly, and the blasting primer is pulled to the outside of the borehole, and then the remaining sections of the shaped charge tube are assembled.

[0014] Optionally, the blasting primer is located at the end of the first section of the shaped charge tube away from the bottom of the borehole.

[0015] Optionally, the end of the shaped charge tube is provided with a primer stopping member for limiting the displacement of the blasting explosive.

[0016] Optionally, when sealing the borehole, yellow mud is first filled as a water barrier layer, then water bubble mud is filled as an insulation layer, and finally yellow mud is used to seal the eye opening as a sealing layer.

[0017] Optionally, the thickness of the water barrier layer is 0.07m-0.09m, and the thickness of the insulation layer is 0.39m-0.41m.

[0018] The above technical solution at least includes the following technical effects:

[0019] The carrier pipeline extends to the bottom of the borehole, and the angle can be adjusted through the part of the pipeline outside the borehole during the sending process, after the pipeline is sent to the bottom of the borehole, the explosive is quickly transported to the preset position through the carrier pipeline, thereby realizing efficient charging. In addition, the blasting angle of the shaped charge tube after charging is accurate, and the blasting effect is remarkable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of the provided drawings.

[0021] Fig. 1 : is a charging structure diagram of a blasting charging method in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Fig. 2 : is an internal schematic diagram of a shaped charge tube in an embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Explanation of reference signs:

[0024] 1, shaped charge tube; 2, blasting explosive; 3, blasting primer; 4, primer stopping member; 5, water barrier layer; 6, insulation layer; 7, sealing layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of the invention can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0027] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details a method for explosive charging provided by the present invention through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0028] See appendix Figs. 1-2 This invention provides a method for explosive charging, comprising:

[0029] A carrier pipe is inserted into the formed borehole until the end of the carrier pipe reaches the bottom of the borehole; optionally, a PVC pipe is used as the carrier pipe, by connecting multiple PVC pipes into one piece and then extending it into the bottom of the hole as a placement channel for the energy-concentrating tube 1.

[0030] During the process of inserting the load-bearing pipeline into the borehole, care must be taken to maintain the verticality of the pipeline to prevent excessive friction with the inner wall of the borehole, which could damage the pipeline or affect the stability of the borehole. Auxiliary guide tools can be used to ensure accurate lowering.

[0031] The shaped charge tube 1 is filled with explosive charge 2 and explosive detonator 3, and the assembled shaped charge tube 1 is sent into the bearing pipeline. At the same time, the explosive detonator connected to the explosive detonator 3 is pulled to the outside of the borehole.

[0032] The preferred explosive is a Class III coal mine-specific emulsion explosive cartridge, 2. A detonator is selected as the blasting priming charge, 3.

[0033] A shaped charge tube 1 with directional fracturing function is selected as the charge carrier. The surface of the tube is processed with shaped charge grooves at preset angles and spacings. Through the shaped charge effect, the detonation energy can be released in a directional manner, thereby precisely cutting a specific position of the carrying pipeline.

[0034] Before being inserted into the carrying pipeline, the direction of the shaped charge groove in the shaped charge tube 1 needs to be calibrated according to the pipeline material, diameter, and cutting requirements to ensure that the energy after detonation can be concentrated on the target fracture surface. The detonating fuse is made of flame-retardant insulating material and must be kept under appropriate tension during traction to avoid excessive friction with the inner wall of the pipeline, which could lead to damage. Sufficient length should be reserved at the end of the fuse and marked for safe connection to the detonating device later.

[0035] The borehole is sealed with filling and sealing material. After the sealing is stable, the blasting fuse is connected to the blasting device.

[0036] Before sealing the borehole, the position of the energy-concentrating tube 1 inside the borehole needs to be confirmed a second time to ensure that it is located in the center of the bearing pipeline and is not offset. Then, the sealing material is filled in layers. First, yellow clay is filled as the waterproof layer 5. Clay with suitable moisture and no impurities should be selected. It is compacted in layers using a special filling tool. The thickness of each layer is controlled at about 50mm until the preset thickness of 0.07m-0.09m is reached to ensure that it can effectively prevent external moisture from seeping into the area of ​​the energy-concentrating tube 1.

[0037] Subsequently, water-soaked mud is filled in as the isolation layer 6. The water-soaked mud needs to be prepared in advance. Clean water is injected into a special plastic bag and sealed to form a columnar body with a diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the bearing pipe. When filling, it needs to be continuously and tightly arranged, with the total thickness controlled between 0.39m and 0.41m. The water-soaked mud releases water after it breaks apart upon explosion, which plays a role in cooling, dust reduction, and buffering the shock wave of the explosion.

[0038] Finally, yellow mud was used to seal the borehole opening as sealing layer 7. The same layered compaction process was adopted until it was flush with the surface of the rock mass around the borehole, and a circular protrusion with a diameter slightly larger than the borehole was formed at the borehole opening to enhance the overall sealing performance of the borehole.

[0039] After the sealing is completed, wait for the sealing material to settle and stabilize. Once the sealing condition is confirmed to be stable, carefully lead the blasting lead out of the sealing material and test its conductivity. After confirming that there are no problems, connect the lead to the output end of the detonator in accordance with the blasting device operating procedures. After the connection is completed, check again whether the wiring connection is correct and whether the contact is good to ensure that the entire blasting system is in a safe and ready state.

[0040] In this embodiment, specifically, the inner surface of the carrying pipeline is a smooth surface, which can effectively reduce the frictional resistance during the insertion of the shaped charge tube 1, avoid the shaped charge tube 1 from getting stuck or the shaped charge slot from shifting due to uneven inner walls, and ensure a smooth charging process and accurate shaped charge effect. At the same time, the smooth inner surface can reduce the adhesion of residues after blasting, which facilitates subsequent pipeline cleaning and reuse. Especially in the case of multiple blasting operations, it can significantly reduce pipeline replacement costs.

[0041] In this embodiment, specifically, the length of the support pipeline is greater than or equal to the length of the borehole. This design ensures that the support pipeline completely covers the entire depth range of the borehole, while effectively addressing potential borehole depth measurement errors and length losses that may occur during pipeline connection.

[0042] In this embodiment, specifically, the inner diameter of the bearing pipe is larger than the outer diameter of the energy-concentrating pipe 1, and an annular gap of 9-10 mm is formed between the two.

[0043] On the one hand, the annular gap provides the necessary space for the smooth movement of the shaped charge tube 1 within the supporting pipeline, effectively avoiding jamming caused by excessive dimensions. Especially in long-distance drilling operations, this gap design can significantly reduce pushing resistance, ensuring that the shaped charge tube 1 can accurately reach the predetermined position. On the other hand, the 9-10mm gap provides a buffer space for the propagation of the detonation wave during blasting, reducing excessive absorption of detonation energy by the supporting pipeline, while allowing a small amount of explosion products to diffuse through the gap, thereby balancing the pressure inside the borehole and avoiding unnecessary damage to the surrounding rock mass due to a sudden increase in pressure. In addition, this gap also facilitates fine-tuning of the position of the shaped charge tube 1 during its insertion. When the shaped charge tube 1 has a slight angular deviation, it can achieve a certain degree of self-adjustment through the air medium within the gap, ensuring that the direction of the shaped charge groove remains consistent with the designed cutting surface.

[0044] In this embodiment, specifically, the shaped charge tube 1 is provided with multiple sections. The first section of the shaped charge tube 1 is filled with blasting fuse 3 and blasting explosive 2, and the remaining shaped charge tubes 1 are filled with blasting explosive 2. After the first section of the shaped charge tube 1 is assembled, it is sent into the bearing pipeline and the blasting fuse is pulled to the outside of the borehole. Then the remaining shaped charge tubes 1 are installed.

[0045] The blasting detonator 3 is preferably a detonator. The detonator should be inserted from the top of the explosive charge 2, ensuring it is fully inserted into the charge. After insertion, the charge must be securely wound, and the detonator leads should be twisted to create a short circuit. The detonator and explosive charge 2 must be tightly connected. Waterproof tape can be used for winding, spirally winding from the middle of the charge to both ends, ensuring a tight and secure wrap to prevent displacement of the detonator during transportation or loading. After the detonator leads are twisted and short-circuited, the twisted area should be wrapped with insulating tape to prevent contact with external conductive materials and potential accidents.

[0046] When installing the first section of the shaped charge tube 1, it is essential to ensure that its axis is completely aligned with the axis of the supporting pipeline, and that the gap between the outer wall of the shaped charge tube 1 and the inner wall of the supporting pipeline remains uniform. To achieve precise positioning, a positioning ring can be installed on the outside of the shaped charge tube 1. This positioning ring is made of elastic material, with an outer diameter slightly larger than the inner diameter of the supporting pipeline, thereby generating appropriate friction to fix the position of the shaped charge tube 1. When pulling the blasting detonator, a slow and uniform pull should be maintained to avoid excessive stretching or twisting of the detonator. Sufficient length of the detonator should be reserved outside the borehole, and the reserved portion should be neatly coiled and secured with cable ties to a stable structure near the borehole to prevent the detonator from being pulled by external forces.

[0047] When installing the remaining shaped charge tubes 1, adjacent shaped charge tubes 1 must be tightly joined. A convex-concave fit structure can be used at the joint, achieved by connecting end-to-end; that is, the rear end of the preceding shaped charge tube 1 has a boss, and the front end of the following shaped charge tube 1 has a groove that matches the boss. Simultaneously, it must be ensured that all shaped charge tubes 1 are aligned in a straight line to avoid uneven distribution of explosive energy due to tilting of the shaped charge tubes 1.

[0048] In one embodiment, the focusing tube 1 is made of PVC material. When loading the drug, the focusing tube 1 is first cut in the middle, and then the drug roll is filled in the middle. After the drug roll is filled, the cut part is tied firmly with waterproof tape. The sections of the focusing tube 1 are connected with connecting buckles and further fixed with tape.

[0049] In this embodiment, specifically, the blasting fuse 3 is located at the end of the first section of the shaped charge tube 1 furthest from the bottom of the hole. When the detonator detonates, the detonation wave propagates sequentially from the end of the shaped charge tube 1 furthest from the bottom of the hole towards the bottom, ensuring that all blasting explosives 2 detonate stably in a preset order, avoiding detonation interruption or uneven energy distribution due to improper fuse placement. Simultaneously, the fuse's proximity to the hole opening facilitates the pulling and connection of the blasting fuse, reducing the number of bends the fuse makes inside the shaped charge tube 1 and minimizing potential safety hazards caused by fuse entanglement.

[0050] In this embodiment, specifically, the end of the shaped charge tube 1 is provided with a deflector 4, which is used to limit the displacement of the explosive charge 2.

[0051] In one embodiment, the drug blocking component 4 is an insert, such as a wire or a rod, that passes through the end of the focusing tube 1 and intercepts the drug roll at the port of the focusing tube 1 by at least one wire or rod, preventing it from sliding out of the port.

[0052] In practice, a wire or rod can be passed radially through the wall of the shaped charge tube 1, with both ends extending outside the tube to form a limiting structure, ensuring the axial position of the explosive cartridge within the shaped charge tube 1 remains stable. To further enhance the detonation effect, a groove or latch can be provided on the inner side of the end of the shaped charge tube 1 to mate with the insert, allowing the insert to form a firm connection with the shaped charge tube 1 after insertion. This prevents the insert from loosening or falling off due to vibration during transportation or loading, thus ensuring that the explosive cartridge remains in the preset detonation position.

[0053] In this embodiment, specifically, when sealing the hole, first fill it with yellow mud as a water-proof layer 5, then fill it with water-soaked mud as an insulating layer 6, and finally use yellow mud to seal the hole opening as a sealing layer 7.

[0054] The preferred yellow mud is clay yellow mud, which has excellent plasticity and binding properties, and can fit tightly to the inner wall of the borehole, effectively blocking water penetration; the water-soaked mud needs to be fully saturated with water in advance to increase its volume and completely fill the borehole space, thereby further improving the isolation effect, ensuring the tightness of the hole sealing, and effectively preventing the leakage of harmful gases such as gas.

[0055] The evenly distributed moisture within the blasting mud rapidly vaporizes upon encountering high temperatures during blasting, absorbing a significant amount of heat and substantially reducing the temperature at the moment of detonation, thus effectively suppressing the generation and propagation of flames. Furthermore, the blasting mud can adsorb and dilute toxic and harmful gases produced during blasting, reducing the concentration of harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide in the underground air, creating a safer breathing environment for underground workers. Its soft texture and good plasticity allow it to tightly fill the gaps in the blast hole, preventing fumes leakage and maximizing its safety protection function while ensuring blasting effectiveness.

[0056] In this embodiment, specifically, the thickness of the water-proof layer is 0.07m-0.09m, and the thickness of the insulating layer is 0.39m-0.41m. The cement slurry, as a key barrier to block harmful gases such as methane, can effectively prevent gas penetration with a thickness of 0.07m-0.09m, while avoiding material waste and increased construction difficulty due to excessive thickness. The water-soaked mud mainly absorbs heat, lowers the temperature, and inhibits flame propagation through water evaporation. A thickness of 0.39m-0.41m can ensure its continuous function during blasting, providing reliable protection for underground operations.

[0057] In this embodiment, specifically, during drilling, a guide hole is first formed by drilling to a preset depth using a fine drill bit. Then, a hole is enlarged along the guide hole using a drill bit of a preset diameter to the preset depth, effectively preventing drill bit deviation during subsequent enlargement. The preset depth needs to be precisely set according to actual processing requirements, and the preset depths of drilling with the fine drill bit and enlargement should be consistent to ensure that the overall hole depth meets standard requirements. When switching to a drill bit of a preset diameter for enlargement, it is essential to ensure that the drill bit and the guide hole are coaxial. This can be achieved by adjusting the fixing device of the drilling equipment or by using positioning auxiliary tools. During the enlargement process, the drilling speed and feed rate must be strictly controlled to avoid rough hole walls or burrs due to excessive speed or feed rate, which would affect the processing quality of the hole.

[0058] In one embodiment, the specific blasting process is as follows:

[0059] The blasting plan employs a forward blasting method, using a single charge and blasting operation. Three boreholes are drilled per blast round, using a bolting machine. During drilling, a Φ28mm drill bit is first used to reach the designed depth, followed by enlargement with a Φ42mm drill bit. The borehole spacing is 1.5 meters, and the total drilling depth is 12.0 meters.

[0060] Five PVC pipes, each 3 meters long and Φ42mm in diameter, were connected by a knotted thread and inserted into the bottom of the hole. The hole was then cleaned, its length checked, and any foreign objects removed.

[0061] Each blasting borehole is filled with four shaped charge tubes (1.0 meter long, Φ32 mm in diameter, 1). Each shaped charge tube 1 contains three sections of Class III permitted emulsion explosive for coal mines. The explosive specifications are: diameter Φ=32 mm, weight m=0.3 kg, and length L=300 mm. Each blasting borehole contains a total of 12 sections of Class III permitted emulsion explosive for coal mines, with a charge weight of 3.6 kg. The total charge weight for the three blasting boreholes is 10.8 kg.

[0062] First, load the first section of the shaped charge tube 1, and simultaneously load the detonator and explosive charge. Send the loaded first section of the shaped charge tube 1 into the borehole, properly protect the blasting fuse and lead it out of the borehole. Then, load and connect the remaining shaped charge tubes 1 in sequence and send them into the borehole.

[0063] During the sealing operation, first fill with 0.08 meters of cement sealant, then fill with 0.4 meters of water-soaked mud, and finally seal the hole opening with yellow mud. After the seal is secure, connect the two detonator leads to the blasting main line.

[0064] Before detonation, all personnel must be evacuated and the safety of the environment around the detonation hole must be checked. After detonation, the safety inspector must monitor the gas concentration in the tunnel and the blasting situation. Only after confirming that the safety standards have been met can the roof-cutting blasting section be entered for subsequent construction.

[0065] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other modifications under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these modifications are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for explosive charging, characterized in that, include: A bearing pipe is inserted into the formed borehole until the end of the bearing pipe reaches the bottom of the borehole. The shaped charge tube is filled with explosive and detonating charge, and the assembled shaped charge tube is sent into the carrying pipeline. At the same time, the detonating wire connected to the detonating charge is pulled to the outside of the borehole. The borehole is sealed with filling and sealing material. After the sealing is stable, the blasting fuse is connected to the blasting device.

2. The explosive charging method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner surface of the bearing pipeline is a smooth surface.

3. The explosive charging method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the bearing pipeline is greater than or equal to the length of the borehole.

4. The explosive charging method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the bearing pipe is larger than the outer diameter of the energy-concentrating pipe, and an annular gap of 9-10 mm is formed between the two.

5. The explosive charging method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shaped charge tube has multiple sections. The first section contains the blasting detonator and blasting explosive, while the remaining sections contain blasting explosive. After the first section is assembled, it is sent into the bearing pipeline, and the blasting detonator is pulled to the outside of the borehole before the remaining sections are installed.

6. The explosive charging method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The blasting priming charge is located at the end of the first section of the shaped charge tube furthest from the bottom of the borehole.

7. The explosive charging method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the shaped charge tube is provided with a deflector, which is used to limit the displacement of the explosive charge.

8. The explosive charging method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When sealing the hole, first fill it with yellow mud as a waterproof layer, then fill it with water-soaked mud as an insulating layer, and finally use yellow mud to seal the hole opening as a sealing layer.

9. The explosive charging method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The thickness of the waterproof layer is 0.07m-0.09m, and the thickness of the insulating layer is 0.39m-0.41m.

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