Monitoring sensor for full-hole deep collapse of coal mine pressure relief hole

Abstract

The invention discloses a coal mine pressure relief hole full-hole-depth hole collapse monitoring sensor, and relates to the technical field of hole collapse monitoring. The device comprises a full-hole-depth deformation device, a terminal and an acquisition unit, the terminal comprises a communication module, a processing unit, a flash memory unit and a bus, the acquisition unit comprises n acquisition modules, an interface of the communication module and an interface of the processing unit establish bidirectional communication, and an interface of the flash memory unit and an interface of the processing unit establish bidirectional communication. The processing unit, the acquisition units and the bus comprise two connection modes, the first connection mode is that the output end of the processing unit is connected with the input end of each acquisition module, dislocation monitoring is carried out through the adjacent acquisition modules, the faulty acquisition module is screened out, it is avoided that distortion data influences the authenticity of monitoring data, and the accuracy of monitoring data is improved. Multiple rounds of accumulated parallel monitoring are carried out through a plurality of acquisition modules, so that weak signals are prevented from being covered by noise or filtered by a system, and the accuracy of detection data is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of borehole collapse monitoring technology, specifically a full-depth borehole collapse monitoring sensor for coal mine pressure relief holes. Background Technology

[0002] Rockbursts, a dynamic disaster occurring during mining operations and roadway excavation, cause varying degrees of damage to the surrounding rock. A rockburst is the sudden release of energy accumulated in the coal and rock mass surrounding the mine roadways and stopes, resulting in an explosive accident in the mine roadways. The generated force throws coal and rock into the roadways, producing a loud noise, causing vibrations and damage to the coal and rock mass, damage to supports and equipment, casualties, and partial roadway collapse. Rockbursts are characterized by their suddenness, instantaneous vibration, immense destructive power, and complexity, and their severity is far greater than that of ordinary mine stress. Large-diameter borehole stress relief is a core technology for preventing rockbursts in deep, hard, and thick coal seams. Its principle is to construct large-diameter boreholes in the surrounding rock of the roadway to form a weakened zone of coal strength, providing compensation space for the release of coal stress, and at the same time transferring the stress concentration peak to the deeper part of the surrounding rock, thereby reducing the risk of rockbursts. However, after implementing large-diameter boreholes, it is not easy for the borehole to collapse, making it difficult to form an effective weakened zone, resulting in poor stress relief effect. Therefore, it is urgent to accurately monitor the deformation and fracturing process of the entire borehole depth to reveal the stress relief law and optimize technical parameters such as borehole diameter, borehole depth, and spacing.

[0003] Existing pressure relief port monitoring technology has the following drawbacks: 1. Insufficient reliability of a single sensor within the same range. If the sensor malfunctions or goes offline, it can easily lead to data distortion, thereby affecting the authenticity of the monitoring data results; 2. Lack of cross-range calibration. The weak deformation signal acquired by a single sensor is easily filtered or masked during transmission, making it impossible to form an effective closed-loop verification. Therefore, designing a monitoring technology with cross-range calibration and high reliability is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a monitoring sensor for full-hole deep collapse of coal mine pressure relief holes, which solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a coal mine pressure relief hole full-hole deep collapse monitoring sensor, comprising a full-hole deep deformation device, a terminal, and a data acquisition unit. The terminal comprises a communication module, a processing unit, a flash memory unit, and a bus. The data acquisition unit comprises n data acquisition modules. The interface of the communication module establishes bidirectional communication with the interface of the processing unit. The interface of the flash memory unit establishes bidirectional communication with the interface of the processing unit. The processing unit, the data acquisition unit, and the bus include two connection methods. The first connection method is that the output terminal of the processing unit is connected to the input terminal of each acquisition module, and the output terminals of n acquisition modules are all connected to the input terminal of the bus. The output terminal of the bus is connected to the input terminal of the processing unit. In this connection method, each acquisition module can communicate directly with the processing unit through the bus. The first connection method adopts misalignment monitoring. The acquisition unit is wrapped with an insulating layer, and the surface of the insulating layer is printed with length scale. The second connection method is to establish bidirectional communication between the port of the processing unit and the port of the bus. The ports of the n adjacent acquisition modules are connected to each other to establish bidirectional communication. The port of the acquisition module located on the outermost side of the full hole depth establishes bidirectional communication with the port of the bus. The second connection method adopts parallel monitoring. It should be noted that when monitoring the full hole depth collapse of the coal mine pressure relief hole, staggered monitoring is first used so that adjacent acquisition modules can verify each other and avoid the failure or damage of a certain acquisition module from affecting the monitoring data. Then, parallel monitoring is used to improve the monitoring accuracy of the acquisition module through multiple verifications at different ranges. The communication module receives control commands and transmits monitoring data externally. The processing unit executes control commands and processes monitoring data. The flash memory unit stores the numbers or address codes of n acquisition modules in the acquisition unit, the monitoring data corresponding to the numbers, and the computer instructions or programs to be executed by the processing unit. The numbers and address codes are used to distinguish and identify different acquisition modules. The bus is used to collect the monitoring data of the acquisition units and transmit it to the processing unit. The acquisition units are installed in the full-depth hole deformation device. The acquisition modules are Hall sensors with address codes or identification numbers.

[0006] Furthermore, the use of the full-hole deep collapse monitoring sensor includes the following steps: Step 1: The operator calculates the required number of full-hole depth deformation devices based on the depth of the pressure relief hole, and proceeds to the next step; Step 2: Insert the end of the acquisition unit into the full-depth deformation device. After the end of the acquisition unit has completely penetrated the full-depth deformation device, turn the direction around the fixed pulley and extend it into the full-depth deformation device again. The length of the extension in the turning direction is determined according to the number of times the misalignment monitoring is required. Place the full-depth deformation device into the coal mine pressure relief hole and proceed to the next step. Step 3: The operator uses another first and second component to fit the mold onto the acquisition unit. The mold fitting part of the full-hole depth deformation device is aligned with the end of the acquisition unit in the reverse direction. Then, the two full-hole depth deformation devices are spliced ​​together end to end using a pin. After splicing, the operator holds the end of the full-hole depth deformation device located outside the coal mine pressure relief hole and pushes it into the coal mine pressure relief hole. This step is repeated until all the full-hole depth deformation devices required in Step 1 are spliced ​​together, and then the next step is performed. Step 4: The operator uses the terminal to perform misalignment detection and proceed to the next step; Step 5: The operator uses the terminal to perform parallel monitoring and proceeds to the next step; Step 6: The processing unit retrieves the monitoring data from the flash memory unit and sends it outward through the communication module. The target of the outward transmission is the intrinsically safe mining acquisition substation. The data is then uploaded sequentially to the intrinsically safe mining transmission substation, the intrinsically safe mining switch, and the industrial ring network. Finally, the data is saved to the monitoring cloud server, completing the monitoring data acquisition operation of a single terminal.

[0007] Furthermore, performing misalignment detection includes the following steps: Step 41: Initialize and record the baseline values. The operator powers on the terminal, and the processing unit executes the initialization program to record the baseline values ​​of each acquisition module before proceeding to the next step. Step 42: Adjust the position of the acquisition module. The operator pulls the acquisition unit outward, the fixed pulley rotates, and the acquisition unit drives the n acquisition modules inside it to move. According to the length scale on the surface of the acquisition unit, the i-th acquisition module is pulled to the initial position of the adjacent i-1 acquisition modules, and then proceed to the next step. Step 43: Perform misalignment acquisition. The operator controls the terminal to start misalignment monitoring through the touch screen integrated in the terminal. The processing unit executes the misalignment acquisition program to obtain misalignment data. Steps 42 and 43 are repeated until the end of the acquisition unit is level with the end of the bottom full-depth deformation device, and then proceed to the next step. Step 44: Mark the faulty module. The processing unit executes the fault marking program to analyze the misaligned data and mark the faulty acquisition module. When analyzing the monitoring data later, the acquisition module marked as faulty will be excluded to reduce interference factors in the monitoring data. After marking is completed, proceed to the next step 5.

[0008] Furthermore, performing parallel monitoring includes the following steps: Step 51: The operator manually changes the connection method between the acquisition unit and the terminal. The acquisition unit has wires for two connection methods, misalignment detection and parallel detection, pre-embedded inside. The connection method is changed by changing the different communication interfaces at the bottom of the terminal. Step 52: The operator starts parallel monitoring by controlling the terminal through the integrated touch screen, and the processing unit executes the parallel acquisition program to obtain parallel data; Step 53: The processing unit marks the parallel data as monitoring data; Step 54: The processing unit saves the obtained monitoring data to the flash memory unit and proceeds to the next step 6.

[0009] Furthermore, the full-hole deep deformation device includes a first component and a second component. The first component has grooves on both sides that are adapted to the second component. The first component intermittently engages with the second component through the grooves on both sides. The second component has two first insertion holes on both sides of its end, and the first component has two second insertion holes on both sides of its grooves. When the centers of the first insertion holes and the second insertion holes coincide, the first component and the second component complete the mold closing. Multiple full-hole deep deformation devices can be spliced ​​by inserting pins into the first and second insertion holes. The spliced ​​full-hole deep deformation devices are then placed into the coal mine pressure relief hole for monitoring. The full-hole deep deformation devices can be continuously extended into the coal mine pressure relief hole by splicing, which can cope with the collapse monitoring operation of coal mine pressure relief holes at different depths. Only the full-hole deep deformation device at the bottom of the splicing is equipped with a fixed pulley, while the rest of the full-hole deep deformation devices are only hollow structures.

[0010] Furthermore, the initialization process includes the following steps: Step 411: The processing unit sends a self-test command to n acquisition modules. The self-test command is specifically a Ping delay threshold. After receiving the self-test command, the acquisition module sends a message back to the processing unit and removes the acquisition module that exceeds the Ping delay threshold. Step 412: The processing unit establishes an offline list, inputs the numbers of the removed acquisition modules into the offline list, and pushes a notification to the touch screen integrated into the terminal for display. Step 413: The processing unit pushes a notification indicating that initialization is complete to the touchscreen and proceeds to the next step; Step 414: The processing unit sends acquisition instructions to each acquisition module to proceed to the next step; Step 415: After receiving the acquisition command, the acquisition module performs initial acquisition to obtain the first analog signal. The acquisition module then transmits the first analog signal to the processing unit via the bus to proceed to the next step. Step 416: The processing unit uses normalization processing to quantize the first analog signal to obtain initial data. The processing unit binds the initial data to the corresponding numbered acquisition module and marks the initial data bound to each acquisition module as the reference value of that acquisition module. The processing unit saves all reference values ​​to the flash memory unit. It should be noted that the Hall sensor acquires an analog signal. After receiving the analog signal, the processing unit performs normalization processing to obtain the initial data. The initial data, reference value, misaligned data, parallel data, and monitoring data are all quantized pure numerical data. No unit conversion is involved in the calculation process. The degree of deformation of the full-depth deformation device is judged by the percentage change of the monitoring data, thereby judging the degree of collapse of the pressure relief hole, and proceeding to the next step 42.

[0011] Furthermore, the misalignment acquisition program includes the following steps during execution: Step 431: The processing unit sends a data acquisition command to each data acquisition module. After receiving the data acquisition command, the data acquisition module performs another data acquisition to obtain the second analog signal. The data acquisition module transmits the second analog signal to the processing unit through the bus. The processing unit quantizes the second analog signal to obtain the second data and proceeds to the next step. Step 432: The processing unit retrieves the reference value from the flash memory unit. The processing unit performs a misalignment comparison between the second data of each acquisition module and the reference value acquired by the adjacent acquisition module at the same position. That is, the second data acquired by the i-th acquisition module at position p1 is compared with the reference value acquired by the (i-1)-th acquisition module at position p1, the second data acquired by the (i-1)-th acquisition module at position p2 is compared with the reference value acquired by the (i-2)-th acquisition module at position p2, and so on. The error between the second data and the reference value is calculated and marked as misaligned data, and then proceeds to the next step 44.

[0012] Furthermore, the fault marking procedure includes the following steps when executed: Step 441: After removing the maximum and minimum values ​​from the misaligned data, the processing unit divides the interval equally to avoid extreme values ​​interfering with the calculation of subsequent misaligned data, and then proceeds to the next step; Step 442: Count the number of times misaligned data appears in each interval, calculate the average value of all misaligned data in the interval with the most occurrences and mark it as the reference value. Dividing the interval equally can quickly filter out representative values ​​from the misaligned data as the basis for judgment, and then proceed to the next step. Step 443: The processing unit assigns an evaluation score to each acquisition module. If the misaligned data of an acquisition module is greater than the reference value, the evaluation score of the acquisition module is reduced by a fixed score. After all misaligned data acquisitions are completed, proceed to the next step. Step 444: The processing unit marks the acquisition module with an evaluation score less than the evaluation threshold as faulty and proceeds to the next step 5.

[0013] Furthermore, the parallel acquisition program includes the following steps during execution: Step 521: Process the acquisition module for unit shielding faults, and proceed to the next step; Step 522: The processing unit performs k rounds of data acquisition on the acquisition unit via the bus. Each acquisition adds one acquisition module to the previous round until all acquisition modules have completed their acquisitions or a blocked module is encountered, and then proceeds to the next step. Step 523: The processing unit determines whether the value of k is greater than or equal to 10. If k ≥ 10, it means that the amount of analog signal collected in this round is sufficient for subsequent calculation of monitoring data, and then proceeds to the next step. Otherwise, if k < 10, it means that the faulty or offline acquisition module is too close to the terminal and cannot perform parallel acquisition operations smoothly. The processing unit pushes an error message that the distance between the fault point or the offline point is too short to the terminal touch screen for the operator to view, and gives the corresponding number of the acquisition module. The monitoring operation stops, and the operator replaces or repairs the corresponding acquisition module in the acquisition unit. The processing unit then re-executes the initialization program in step 41. Step 524: The processing unit converts the third analog signal acquired in each round into third data, merges and overlays the third data obtained in round k with the third data obtained in round k-1 to obtain the parallel data of the kth acquisition module, and uses range elimination to eliminate the random error of a single acquisition module before proceeding to the next step 53.

[0014] Furthermore, the rules for dividing misaligned data into equal intervals are as follows: Mark the maximum and minimum values ​​as the two ends of the equally divided interval, and divide the misaligned data equally according to the number of times n / 8 is rounded up. The number of n is greater than or equal to 20. In order to ensure that the misalignment detection and parallel monitoring have a sufficient total amount of data for filtering, it is necessary to ensure that the number of acquisition modules is sufficient.

[0015] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. By monitoring the misalignment of adjacent acquisition modules, the misalignment data comparison can effectively screen out faulty acquisition modules and avoid the distorted data of a single acquisition module from affecting the authenticity of the monitoring data.

[0016] 2. Parallel monitoring through multiple acquisition modules and multiple rounds of accumulation is used to avoid random errors of individual acquisition units by using range elimination. At the same time, it also avoids weak signals being masked by noise or filtered by the system, ensuring that weak deformation data can be accurately captured and improving the accuracy of detection data.

[0017] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1This is a system block diagram of the present invention for monitoring the misalignment of a sensor used in monitoring the full-hole deep collapse of a coal mine pressure relief hole. Figure 2 This is a system block diagram of a coal mine pressure relief hole full-hole deep collapse monitoring sensor for parallel monitoring according to the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the full-depth deformation device of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a construction schematic diagram of the acquisition unit for misalignment monitoring according to the present invention; The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: In the figure: 1-Full-depth deformation device, 101-First component, 102-Second component, 103-First insertion hole, 104-Second insertion hole, 104-Fixed pulley, 2-Terminal, 3-Acquisition unit. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see Figure 1-5 The present invention provides a technical solution: a coal mine pressure relief hole full-hole deep collapse monitoring sensor, including a full-hole deep deformation device 1, a terminal 2 and a data acquisition unit 3. The terminal 2 includes a communication module, a processing unit, a flash memory unit and a bus. The data acquisition unit 3 includes n data acquisition modules. The interface of the communication module establishes bidirectional communication with the interface of the processing unit. The interface of the flash memory unit establishes bidirectional communication with the interface of the processing unit. There are two connection methods between the processing unit, the data acquisition unit and the bus. like Figure 1 As shown, in the first connection method, the output of the processing unit is connected to the input of each acquisition module, and the outputs of all n acquisition modules are connected to the input of the bus. The output of the bus is then connected to the input of the processing unit. In this connection method, each acquisition module can communicate directly with the processing unit via the bus. This first connection method uses misalignment detection, such as... Figure 5As shown, a fixed pulley 105 is installed at the bottom of the full-hole deep deformation device. The operator pulls the acquisition unit 3 outward from the full-hole deep deformation device 1. Under the action of the fixed pulley 105, the acquisition unit 3 slides inside the full-hole deep deformation device 1, and the position of the acquisition module inside the full-hole deep deformation device 1 changes. The acquisition unit 3 is wrapped with an insulating layer, and the surface of the insulating layer is printed with length scales. The operator can adjust the length of the acquisition unit 3 pulled outward according to the scales so that the new position of the acquisition module after the position change coincides with the initial position of the adjacent acquisition module. like Figure 2 As shown, the second connection method establishes bidirectional communication between the port of the processing unit and the port of the bus. The ports of n adjacent acquisition modules are connected to each other to establish bidirectional communication. The port of the acquisition module located on the outermost side of the full hole depth establishes bidirectional communication with the port of the bus. The second connection method adopts parallel monitoring. It should be noted that when monitoring the full hole depth collapse of the coal mine pressure relief hole, staggered monitoring is first used so that adjacent acquisition modules can verify each other and avoid the failure or damage of a certain acquisition module from affecting the monitoring data. Then, parallel monitoring is used to improve the monitoring accuracy of the acquisition module through multiple verifications at different ranges. The communication module receives control commands and transmits monitoring data externally. The processing unit executes control commands and processes monitoring data. The flash memory unit stores the numbers or address codes of n acquisition modules in the acquisition unit, the monitoring data corresponding to the numbers, and the computer instructions or programs to be executed by the processing unit. The numbers and address codes are used to distinguish and identify different acquisition modules. The bus is used to collect the monitoring data of the acquisition units and transmit it to the processing unit. The acquisition unit is installed in the full-hole depth deformation device 1. The acquisition module is a Hall sensor with an address code or identification number.

[0022] The use of the full-hole deep collapse monitoring sensor includes the following steps: Step 1: The operator calculates the required number of full-hole depth deformation devices 1 based on the depth of the pressure relief hole, and proceeds to the next step; Step 2: Insert the end of the acquisition unit 3 into the full-depth deformation device 1, such as... Figure 5 As shown, after the end of the acquisition unit 3 completely penetrates the full-hole deep deformation device 1, it turns around the fixed pulley 105 and extends again into the full-hole deep deformation device 1. The length of the extension of the turning direction is determined according to the number of times the misalignment monitoring is required. For example, if the misalignment monitoring needs to be performed 3 times, then the length of the extension of the acquisition unit 3 into the full-hole deep deformation device 1 is the length of 3 acquisition modules. The full-hole deep deformation device 1 is then placed into the coal mine pressure relief hole to proceed to the next step. Step 3: The operator uses another first component 101 and second component 102 to mold and fit onto the acquisition unit 3. The mold fitting of the full-hole depth deformation device 1 is aligned with the end of the acquisition unit 3 in the reversed direction. For example, if the misalignment monitoring needs to be performed 3 times, then 3 full-hole depth deformation devices 1 spliced ​​end to end need to be inserted into the end of the acquisition unit 3. After the acquisition unit 3 is reversed, the operator uses a new first component 101 and second component 102 to mold and fit the fourth full-hole depth deformation device onto the exposed surface of the front end of the acquisition unit 3. Then, the two full-hole depth deformation devices 1 are spliced ​​end to end using a pin. After splicing, the operator holds the full-hole depth deformation device 1 at the end outside the coal mine pressure relief hole and pushes the full-hole depth deformation device 1 into the coal mine pressure relief hole. This step is repeated until all the full-hole depth deformation devices 1 required in step 1 are spliced, and then the next step is performed. Step 4: The operator uses terminal 2 to perform misalignment detection and proceed to the next step; Step 5: The operator uses terminal 2 to perform parallel monitoring and proceed to the next step; Step 6: The processing unit retrieves the monitoring data from the flash memory unit and sends it to the outside world through the communication module. The target of the external transmission is the intrinsically safe mining acquisition substation. The data is then uploaded to the intrinsically safe mining transmission substation, the intrinsically safe mining switch, and the industrial ring network in sequence, and finally saved to the monitoring cloud server, thus completing the monitoring data acquisition operation of a single terminal 2.

[0023] The misalignment detection process includes the following steps: Step 41: Initialize and record the baseline values. The operator powers on terminal 2, and the processing unit executes the initialization program to record the baseline values ​​of each acquisition module before proceeding to the next step. Step 42: Adjust the position of the acquisition module. The operator pulls the acquisition unit 3 outward, and the fixed pulley 105 rotates. The acquisition unit 3 drives the n acquisition modules inside it to move. According to the length scale on the surface of the acquisition unit 3, the i-th acquisition module is pulled to the initial position of the adjacent i-1 acquisition modules, and then proceed to the next step. Step 43: Perform misalignment acquisition. The operator controls terminal 2 to start misalignment monitoring via the integrated touchscreen. The processing unit executes the misalignment acquisition program to obtain misalignment data. Steps 42 and 43 are repeated until the end of the acquisition unit 3 is level with the end of the bottom full-depth deformation device 1. Figure 5 The end of the acquisition unit 3 is located at the bottom leftmost part of the full-depth deformation device 1, and the next step is carried out; Step 44: Mark the faulty module. The processing unit executes the fault marking program to analyze the misaligned data and mark the faulty acquisition module. When analyzing the monitoring data later, the acquisition module marked as faulty will be excluded to reduce interference factors in the monitoring data. After marking is completed, proceed to the next step 5.

[0024] The parallel monitoring process includes the following steps: Step 51: The operator manually changes the connection method between the acquisition unit 3 and the terminal 2. The acquisition unit 3 has wires for two connection methods, namely misalignment monitoring and parallel monitoring, which are pre-embedded inside. The connection method is changed by changing the different communication interfaces at the bottom of the terminal 2. Step 52: The operator controls the terminal 2 to start parallel monitoring through the touch screen integrated in the terminal 2, and the processing unit executes the parallel acquisition program to obtain parallel data; Step 53: The processing unit marks the parallel data as monitoring data; Step 54: The processing unit saves the obtained monitoring data to the flash memory unit and proceeds to the next step 6.

[0025] Among them, such as Figure 3-4 As shown, the full-depth deformation device 1 includes a first component 101 and a second component 102. The first component 101 has sliding grooves on both sides that are adapted to the second component 102. The first component 101 intermittently engages with the second component 102 through these sliding grooves. Two first insertion holes 103 are formed on both sides of the end of the second component 102, and two second insertion holes 104 are formed at the ends of the sliding grooves on both sides of the first component 101. When the centers of the first insertion holes 103 and the second insertion holes 104 coincide, the first component 101 and the second component 102... 2. After completing the mold closing, multiple full-hole deep deformation devices 1 can be spliced ​​by inserting pins into the first insertion hole 103 and the second insertion hole 104. Then, the spliced ​​full-hole deep deformation devices are placed into the coal mine pressure relief hole for monitoring. The full-hole deep deformation devices 1 can be continuously extended into the coal mine pressure relief hole by splicing, which can cope with the collapse monitoring operation of coal mine pressure relief holes at different depths. The fixed pulley 105 is set inside the full-hole deep deformation device 1 located at the bottom of the splicing, and the interior of the other full-hole deep deformation devices 1 is only a hollow structure.

[0026] The initialization process includes the following steps: Step 411: The processing unit sends a self-test command to n acquisition modules. The self-test command is specifically a Ping delay threshold. After receiving the self-test command, the acquisition module sends a message back to the processing unit. Acquisition modules that exceed the Ping delay threshold are removed. The processing unit starts timing when it sends the self-test command and stops timing when it receives the message back from the acquisition module. The processing unit compares the timing period with the Ping delay threshold. The Ping delay threshold is 1500 milliseconds by default. If the timing period exceeds the Ping delay threshold, the acquisition module is considered offline. Subsequent monitoring jobs ignore the acquisition module and proceed to the next step. Step 412: The processing unit establishes an offline list, inputs the numbers of the removed acquisition modules into the offline list, and pushes a notification to the touch screen integrated in terminal 2 for the operator to view. The content displayed in the offline list includes the corresponding number or address code of the offline acquisition module. Proceed to the next step. Step 413: The processing unit pushes a notification indicating that initialization is complete to the touchscreen and proceeds to the next step; Step 414: The processing unit sends acquisition instructions to each acquisition module to proceed to the next step; Step 415: After receiving the acquisition command, the acquisition module performs initial acquisition to obtain the first analog signal. The acquisition module then transmits the first analog signal to the processing unit via the bus to proceed to the next step. Step 416: The processing unit uses normalization processing to quantize the first analog signal to obtain initial data. The processing unit binds the initial data to the corresponding numbered acquisition module and marks the initial data bound to each acquisition module as the reference value of that acquisition module. The processing unit saves all reference values ​​to the flash memory unit. It should be noted that the Hall sensor acquires an analog signal. After receiving the analog signal, the processing unit performs normalization processing to obtain the initial data. The initial data, reference value, misaligned data, parallel data, and monitoring data are all quantized pure numerical data. No unit conversion is involved in the calculation process. The degree of deformation of the full-hole depth deformation device 1 is judged by the percentage change of the monitoring data, thereby judging the degree of collapse of the pressure relief hole, and proceeding to the next step 42.

[0027] The misalignment acquisition program includes the following steps during execution: Step 431: The processing unit sends a data acquisition command to each data acquisition module. After receiving the data acquisition command, the data acquisition module performs another data acquisition to obtain the second analog signal. The data acquisition module transmits the second analog signal to the processing unit through the bus. The processing unit quantizes the second analog signal to obtain the second data and proceeds to the next step. Step 432: The processing unit retrieves the reference value from the flash memory unit. The processing unit performs a misalignment comparison between the second data of each acquisition module and the reference value acquired by the adjacent acquisition module at the same position. That is, the second data acquired by the i-th acquisition module at position p1 is compared with the reference value acquired by the (i-1)-th acquisition module at position p1, the second data acquired by the (i-1)-th acquisition module at position p2 is compared with the reference value acquired by the (i-2)-th acquisition module at position p2, and so on. The error between the second data and the reference value is calculated and marked as misaligned data, and then proceeds to the next step 44.

[0028] The fault marking procedure includes the following steps when executed: Step 441: After removing the maximum and minimum values ​​from the misaligned data, the processing unit divides the interval equally to avoid extreme values ​​interfering with the calculation of subsequent misaligned data, and then proceeds to the next step; Step 442: Count the number of times misaligned data appears in each interval, calculate the average value of all misaligned data in the interval with the most occurrences and mark it as the reference value. Dividing the interval equally can quickly filter out representative values ​​from the misaligned data as the basis for judgment, and then proceed to the next step. Step 443: The processing unit assigns an evaluation score to each acquisition module. The initial evaluation score is 20. If the misaligned data of the acquisition module is greater than the reference value, the evaluation score of the acquisition module is reduced by a fixed score of 1. After all misaligned data acquisitions are completed, proceed to the next step. Step 444: The processing unit marks the acquisition module with an evaluation score less than the evaluation threshold of 16 as faulty and proceeds to the next step 5.

[0029] The parallel acquisition program includes the following steps during execution: Step 521: The processing unit shields the faulty acquisition modules, including the offline acquisition modules that exceed the Ping delay threshold in step 411 and the acquisition modules marked as faulty in step 444, and proceeds to the next step; Step 522: The processing unit performs k rounds of acquisition through the bus. Each acquisition adds one acquisition module to the previous round until all acquisition modules have completed their acquisitions or a blocked module is encountered. For example, in the first round of acquisition, the processing unit sends an instruction to the first acquisition module, which acquires an analog signal and sends it back to the processing unit. In the second round of acquisition, the processing unit sends an instruction to the second acquisition module, which acquires an analog signal and sends it back to the processing unit. At this time, the first and second acquisition modules are in series. The analog signal returned by the second acquisition module includes the range of the first acquisition module. The acquired analog signal is the sum of the acquisitions of the first two acquisition modules. In the third round of acquisition, the processing unit sends an instruction to the third acquisition module, which acquires an analog signal and sends it back to the processing unit. At this time, the first, second, and third acquisition modules are in series. The analog signal returned by the third acquisition module includes the range of the first and second acquisition modules. The acquired analog signal is the sum of the acquisitions of the first three acquisition modules. And so on, proceeding to the next step. Step 523: The processing unit determines whether the value of k is greater than or equal to 10. If k ≥ 10, it means that the amount of analog signal collected in this round is sufficient for subsequent calculation of monitoring data, and then proceeds to the next step. Otherwise, if k < 10, it means that the faulty or offline acquisition module is too close to the terminal 2 and cannot perform parallel acquisition operations smoothly. The processing unit pushes an error message that the distance between the fault point or the offline point is too short to the touch screen of the terminal 2 for the operator to view, and gives the corresponding number of the acquisition module. The monitoring operation stops, and the operator replaces or repairs the corresponding acquisition module in the acquisition unit 3. The processing unit then re-executes the initialization program of step 41. Step 524: The processing unit converts the third analog signal collected in each round into third data, merges and overlays the third data obtained in round k with the third data obtained in round k-1 to obtain the parallel data of the kth acquisition module, and uses range elimination to eliminate the random error of a single acquisition module. At the same time, range elimination also avoids weak signals being masked by noise or filtered out by the system, ensuring that weak deformation data can be accurately captured, and proceeds to the next step 53.

[0030] The rules for dividing misaligned data into equal intervals are as follows: Mark the maximum and minimum values ​​as the two ends of the equal interval. Divide the misaligned data into equal parts according to the number of times n / 8 is rounded up. For example, when n=42, the maximum and minimum values ​​are 0.75 and 0.5 respectively. Divide the misaligned data into 5 equal parts, and the intervals are (0.5-0.55], (0.55-0.6], (0.6-0.65], (0.65-0.7] and (0.7-0.75) respectively. The number of n is greater than or equal to 20. In order to ensure that the misalignment detection and parallel monitoring have a sufficient total amount of data for filtering, it is necessary to ensure that the number of acquisition modules is sufficient.

[0031] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A monitoring sensor for full-hole deep collapse of a coal mine pressure relief hole, characterized in that: It includes a full-hole deep deformation device (1), a terminal (2) and a data acquisition unit (3). The terminal (2) includes a communication module, a processing unit, a flash memory unit and a bus. The data acquisition unit (3) includes n data acquisition modules. The interface of the communication module establishes bidirectional communication with the interface of the processing unit. The interface of the flash memory unit establishes bidirectional communication with the interface of the processing unit. The processing unit, the data acquisition unit and the bus include two connection methods. The first connection method is that the output terminal of the processing unit is connected to the input terminal of each acquisition module, the output terminals of the n acquisition modules are all connected to the input terminal of the bus, and the output terminal of the bus is connected to the input terminal of the processing unit. The first connection method adopts misalignment detection. The second connection method is to establish bidirectional communication between the port of the processing unit and the port of the bus, and the ports of the n adjacent acquisition modules are connected to each other in pairs. The port of the acquisition module located on the outermost side of the full hole depth establishes bidirectional communication with the port of the bus. The second connection method adopts parallel monitoring. The communication module receives control commands and transmits monitoring data to the outside world. The processing unit executes control commands and processes monitoring data. The flash memory unit stores the monitoring data of the acquisition module number and computer commands or programs. The bus is used to collect the monitoring data of the acquisition unit and transmit it to the processing unit. The acquisition unit is installed in the full-hole deep deformation device (1).

2. The coal mine pressure relief hole full-hole deep collapse monitoring sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The following steps are included when using the full-hole deep collapse monitoring sensor: Step 1: Calculate the required number of full-hole deep deformation devices (1) based on the depth of the pressure relief hole; Step 2: Insert the end of the acquisition unit (3) into the full-hole deep deformation device (1). When the end of the acquisition unit (3) has completely penetrated the full-hole deep deformation device (1), turn the direction and extend it into the full-hole deep deformation device (1) again. Place the full-hole deep deformation device (1) into the coal mine pressure relief hole. Step 3: Use another first component (101) and second component (102) to fit together on the acquisition unit (3), and then use pins to splice the two full-hole deep deformation devices (1) end to end. After splicing, push the full-hole deep deformation device (1) into the coal mine pressure relief hole. Repeat this step until all full-hole deep deformation devices (1) are spliced ​​together. Step 4: The operator uses terminal (2) to perform misalignment monitoring; Step 5: The operator uses terminal (2) to perform parallel monitoring; Step 6: The processing unit retrieves the monitoring data from the flash memory unit and sends it to the outside through the communication module to complete the monitoring data acquisition operation of a single terminal (2).

3. The coal mine pressure relief hole full-hole deep collapse monitoring sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that, Performing misalignment detection includes the following steps: Step 41: The operator powers on the terminal (2), and the processing unit executes the initialization program to record the reference value of each acquisition module; Step 42: The operator pulls the acquisition unit (3) outward, the fixed pulley (105) rotates, the acquisition unit (3) drives the n acquisition modules to move, and pulls the i-th acquisition module to the initial position of the adjacent i-1 acquisition modules; Step 43: The operator controls the terminal (2) to start the misalignment monitoring. The processing unit executes the misalignment acquisition program to obtain misalignment data. Steps 42 and 43 are repeated until the end of the acquisition unit (3) is level with the end of the bottom full-hole depth deformation device (1). Step 44: The processing unit executes the fault marking program to analyze the misaligned data, marks the faulty acquisition module, and proceeds to the next step after marking is completed.

4. A monitoring sensor for full-hole deep collapse of a coal mine pressure relief hole according to claim 2, characterized in that, Performing parallel monitoring includes the following steps: Step 51: The operator manually changes the connection method between the acquisition unit (3) and the terminal (2); Step 52: The terminal (2) starts parallel monitoring, and the processing unit executes the parallel acquisition program to obtain parallel data; Step 53: The processing unit marks the parallel data as monitoring data; Step 54: The processing unit saves the obtained monitoring data to the flash memory unit and proceeds to the next step.

5. A coal mine pressure relief hole full-hole deep collapse monitoring sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The full-hole deep deformation device (1) includes a first component (101) and a second component (102). The first component (101) has sliding grooves on both sides that are adapted to the second component (102). The first component (101) is intermittently engaged with the second component (102) through the sliding grooves on both sides. The second component (102) has two first insertion holes (103) on both sides of its end. The first component (101) has two second insertion holes (104) on both sides of its sliding groove end. When the centers of the first insertion hole (103) and the second insertion hole (104) coincide, the first component (101) and the second component (102) complete the mold closing. Inserting pins into the first insertion hole (103) and the second insertion hole (104) allows for the splicing of multiple full-hole deep deformation devices (1).

6. A coal mine pressure relief hole full-hole deep collapse monitoring sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The initialization process includes the following steps: Step 411: The processing unit sends a self-test command to n acquisition modules. The self-test command is specifically a Ping delay threshold. After receiving the self-test command, the acquisition module sends a message back to the processing unit and removes the acquisition module that exceeds the Ping delay threshold. Step 412: The processing unit establishes an offline list, inputs the numbers of the removed acquisition modules into the offline list, and pushes a notification; Step 413: The processing unit pushes a notification that initialization is complete; Step 414: The processing unit sends acquisition instructions to each acquisition module; Step 415: After receiving the acquisition command, the acquisition module performs initial acquisition to obtain the first analog signal, and then transmits the first analog signal to the processing unit via the bus. Step 416: The processing unit uses normalization processing to quantize the first analog signal to obtain initial data. The processing unit binds the initial data to the corresponding numbered acquisition module, marks the initial data bound to each acquisition module as a reference value, and saves all reference values ​​before proceeding to the next step.

7. A coal mine pressure relief hole full-hole deep collapse monitoring sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The misalignment acquisition program includes the following steps during execution: Step 431: The processing unit sends a data acquisition command to each data acquisition module. After receiving the data acquisition command, the data acquisition module performs another data acquisition to obtain the second analog signal. The data acquisition module transmits the second analog signal to the processing unit through the bus. The processing unit quantizes the second analog signal to obtain the second data. Step 432: The processing unit retrieves the reference value. The processing unit compares the second data of each acquisition module with the reference value acquired by the adjacent acquisition module at the same position, calculates the error between the second data and the reference value, marks it as misaligned data, and proceeds to the next step.

8. A coal mine pressure relief hole full-hole deep collapse monitoring sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the fault marking procedure is executed, it includes the following steps: Step 441: The processing unit removes the maximum and minimum values ​​from the misaligned data and then divides the interval into equal parts; Step 442: Count the number of times misaligned data occurs in each interval, and calculate the average value of all misaligned data in the interval with the highest frequency of occurrence, and mark it as the reference value; Step 443: The processing unit assigns an evaluation score to each acquisition module. If the misaligned data of an acquisition module is greater than the reference value, the evaluation score of the acquisition module is reduced by a fixed score. After all misaligned data acquisitions are completed, proceed to the next step. Step 444: The processing unit marks the acquisition module with an evaluation score less than the evaluation threshold as faulty and proceeds to the next step.

9. A coal mine pressure relief hole full-hole deep collapse monitoring sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The parallel acquisition program includes the following steps during execution: Step 521: Process the acquisition module for shielding unit faults; Step 522: The processing unit performs k rounds of data acquisition on the acquisition unit through the bus. Each acquisition adds one acquisition module to the previous round until all acquisition modules have completed their acquisitions or a blocked module is encountered. Step 523: The processing unit determines whether the value of k is greater than or equal to 10. If k ≥ 10, proceed to the next step. Otherwise, if k < 10, the processing unit pushes an error to the terminal (2) and the monitoring operation stops. Step 524: The processing unit converts the third analog signal collected in each round into third data, merges and overlays the third data obtained in round k with the third data obtained in round k-1 to obtain parallel data, and proceeds to the next step.

10. A coal mine pressure relief hole full-hole deep collapse monitoring sensor according to claim 8, characterized in that, The rules for dividing misaligned data into equal intervals are as follows: Mark the maximum and minimum values ​​as the two ends of the equal interval, and divide the misaligned data into equal parts according to the number of times n / 8 is rounded up, where n is greater than or equal to 20.

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