Device and method for adjusting high-precision large-aperture primary and secondary mirrors

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-precision large-caliber primary and secondary mirror assembling and adjusting device and method, and belongs to the technical field of optical assembling and adjusting. The device comprises a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a primary and secondary mirror chamber, a secondary mirror adjusting tool, an optical force bearing frame and a supporting frame, the primary and secondary mirror chamber is fixed to the optical force bearing frame, and a first bearing part is arranged at one end of the optical force bearing frame; one end of the optical bearing frame is provided with a first bearing piece, the other end of the optical bearing frame is provided with a second bearing piece, the primary mirror is installed at the rear end of the primary and secondary mirror chamber, the secondary mirror adjusting tool is installed at the front end of the primary and secondary mirror chamber, the secondary mirror is arranged on the secondary mirror adjusting tool, and the optical bearing frame is connected with the supporting frame. According to the invention, through stable connection between the primary and secondary mirror chambers and the optical bearing frame and arrangement of the bearing members at the two ends, the positioning precision of the primary mirror and the secondary mirror and the system stability are effectively improved; due to the independent configuration of the secondary mirror adjusting tool, precise adjustment of the secondary mirror is achieved, the assembling and adjusting efficiency is remarkably improved, high-precision alignment of an optical system is ensured, and the assembling and adjusting precision is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical assembly and adjustment technology, and in particular to a high-precision large-aperture primary and secondary mirror assembly and adjustment device and method. Background Technology

[0002] In the traditional assembly and adjustment process of large-aperture primary and secondary lens optical systems, due to the lack of dedicated high-precision integrated tooling, there are common problems such as difficulty in unifying the assembly and adjustment benchmarks, difficulty in attitude adjustment, and insufficient system stability.

[0003] Traditional large-aperture primary and secondary mirror optical systems typically consist of separate primary mirror units, secondary mirror units, and complex support structures. During assembly, they often rely on the operator's experience for manual alignment and fixation, which is not only inefficient but also makes it difficult to accurately control and maintain the relative pose between the primary and secondary mirrors, directly affecting the final imaging quality and performance of the optical system.

[0004] Chinese patent application CN114755818A, published on July 15, 2022, discloses a device and method for adjusting the Cood optical path of a large-aperture telescope. The device includes a first CCD, which is placed on the optical axis near the four-mirror or six-mirror position; a second CCD, which is fixedly installed at the Cood focal point position below the telescope; and an inner focusing tube, which is fixed in the pitch axis hole by a tube adjustment base. The inner focusing tube includes a fixed lens group, a focusing lens group coaxially mounted with the fixed lens group, and an optical fiber point source connected to the focal point at the rear end of the inner focusing tube. The tube adjustment base includes a radial translation adjustment mechanism and an angle tilt adjustment mechanism for adjusting the attitude of the inner focusing tube. The radial translation adjustment mechanism is installed in the pitch axis hole, the angle tilt adjustment mechanism is installed on the radial translation adjustment mechanism, and the inner focusing tube is installed on the angle tilt adjustment mechanism.

[0005] The patent application discloses a device and method for assembling and adjusting the Kuder optical path of a large-aperture telescope, which improves the efficiency of assembly and adjustment and reduces the impact on personnel operation and environmental factors. However, the assembly and adjustment process requires multiple and multi-point optical axis alignment and calibration, which is cumbersome and affects the accuracy of assembly and adjustment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention provides a high-precision, large-aperture primary and secondary mirror assembly and adjustment device and method. Through the stable connection between the primary and secondary mirror chambers and the optical support frame, and the installation of bearing components at both ends, this invention effectively improves the positioning accuracy and system stability of the primary and secondary mirrors. The independent configuration of the secondary mirror adjustment fixture enables precise adjustment of the secondary mirror, significantly improving assembly and adjustment efficiency and ensuring high-precision alignment of the optical system, thus enhancing assembly and adjustment accuracy.

[0007] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A high-precision, large-aperture primary and secondary mirror assembly and adjustment device includes a primary mirror and a secondary mirror. It is characterized by further including a primary and secondary mirror chamber, a secondary mirror adjustment fixture, an optical support frame, and a support bracket. The primary and secondary mirror chambers are fixed to the optical support frame. One end of the optical support frame is provided with a first bearing component, and the other end is provided with a second bearing component. The primary mirror is installed at the rear end of the primary and secondary mirror chamber, the secondary mirror adjustment fixture is installed at the front end of the primary and secondary mirror chamber, and the secondary mirror is mounted on the secondary mirror adjustment fixture. The optical support frame and the support bracket are connected.

[0008] The support frame includes a first upright, a second upright, a support base, a first support horizontal plate, and a second support horizontal plate. The first upright is fixed to one end of the support base, the second upright is fixed to the other end of the support base, and the first and second support horizontal plates are fixed on the support base.

[0009] The first and second support plates are parallel to each other.

[0010] A 0-degree support block with a threaded hole is fixedly connected to the first support plate.

[0011] The second support plate is fixedly connected to a 180-degree support block with threaded holes.

[0012] A leveling screw is installed at each of the four corners of the support base.

[0013] The first bearing component includes a first bearing housing and a first bearing installed in the first bearing housing, and the first bearing housing is fixed on the first upright.

[0014] The second bearing component includes a second bearing housing and a second bearing installed in the second bearing housing, the second bearing housing being fixed on the second upright.

[0015] A high-precision, large-aperture primary and secondary mirror assembly and adjustment method, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. Establishing the reference: Install the primary mirror in the primary and secondary mirror chambers and adjust an optical reference plane to be horizontal to establish the initial reference of the system. S2. Transferring the primary mirror reference: Using a focusing fixture and a standard plane mirror, establish the alignment between the optical surface of the standard plane mirror and the optical reference of the primary mirror through interferometry. S3. Installing and adjusting the secondary mirror: Install the secondary mirror in the primary and secondary mirror chambers. Use parallel light emitted by the interferometer and the secondary mirror adjustment fixture to adjust the position and orientation of the secondary mirror, ensuring that the wavefront aberration of the system formed by the primary and secondary mirrors meets the preset parameters, thus completing the positioning of the secondary mirror. S4. System verification: Rotate the assembled and adjusted primary and secondary mirror system 180° and use the standard plane mirror and interferometer again to detect and confirm the wavefront aberration of the optical system.

[0016] Step S2 specifically includes: S21. Install the focusing fixture on the primary and secondary mirror chambers, and place a standard plane mirror in front of the primary mirror; S22. Place the interferometer on the multi-dimensional adjustment frame, aligning the light output port with the focal hole of the focusing fixture; S23. Remove the focusing fixture, and adjust the position and orientation of the interferometer and the standard plane mirror until the aberration detected by the interferometer is minimized, thus completing the alignment inspection between the primary mirror and the standard plane mirror.

[0017] Step S3 specifically includes: S31. Install the secondary mirror and its adjustment fixture together on the primary and secondary mirror chambers, and perform initial positioning of the mechanical interface; S32. Adjust the interferometer to emit parallel light, and adjust the position of the interferometer so that its optical axis coincides with the axis of the reference optical axis hole on the back of the primary and secondary mirror chambers; S33. Operate the secondary mirror adjustment fixture to change the position and orientation of the secondary mirror, and observe the wavelet aberration detected by the interferometer in real time until the requirements are met, and record the position of the secondary mirror at this time; S34. Based on the recorded position of the secondary mirror, repair the mounting shims so that the wavelet aberration of the primary and secondary mirrors after installation meets the requirements, and complete the secondary mirror assembly and adjustment.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1. Compared with the prior art, the present invention effectively improves the positioning accuracy and system stability of the primary and secondary mirrors by the stable connection between the primary and secondary mirror chambers and the optical support frame, as well as the setting of bearing components at both ends; the independent configuration of the secondary mirror adjustment fixture enables the precise adjustment of the secondary mirror, significantly improves the assembly and adjustment efficiency, ensures the high-precision alignment of the optical system, and improves the assembly and adjustment accuracy. 2. In this invention, the support frame includes a first upright, a second upright, a support base, a first support horizontal plate, and a second support horizontal plate. The first upright is fixed to one end of the support base, the second upright is fixed to the other end of the support base, and the first and second support horizontal plates are fixed on the support base. The support frame structure provides a stable bottom foundation, ensuring the rigidity of the entire assembly and adjustment device. The symmetrical layout of the first and second uprights provides balanced support points for the optical load-bearing frame.

[0019] 3. In this invention, the first and second support plates are parallel to each other. The parallel layout of the two support plates ensures the uniform distribution of the supporting force and avoids deformation of the optical support frame due to uneven force.

[0020] 4. In this invention, a 0-degree support block with threaded holes is fixedly connected to the first support horizontal plate. The threaded hole design on the 0-degree support block facilitates positioning with the optical support frame, ensuring the fixed posture of the optical support frame and improving the assembly and adjustment accuracy.

[0021] 5. In this invention, a 180-degree support block with threaded holes is fixedly connected to the second support horizontal plate, corresponding to the 0-degree support block. The 180-degree support block allows the optical load-bearing frame to be stably supported and fixed in the inverted 180-degree position, thus meeting the special working condition requirements of assembling and adjusting the primary and secondary mirror systems in an inverted state.

[0022] 6. In this invention, a leveling screw is installed at each of the four corners of the support base. The leveling screws at the four corners of the support base can effectively compensate for the error caused by uneven ground, ensuring that the entire device is in a precise horizontal working state, thus eliminating the optical system assembly and adjustment reference error caused by the tilt of the support base from the basic level.

[0023] 7. In this invention, the first bearing component includes a first bearing seat and a first bearing installed in the first bearing seat. The first bearing seat is fixed on the first upright, and the first bearing component is fixed on the first upright through the first bearing seat, providing a stable and low-friction rotation fulcrum for one end of the optical support frame, ensuring the smoothness and rotational accuracy of the optical support frame when rotating around the axis.

[0024] 8. In this invention, the second bearing component includes a second bearing seat and a second bearing installed in the second bearing seat. The second bearing seat is fixed on the second upright. The second bearing component works in concert with the first bearing component to form the rotation axis system of the optical support frame, ensuring the stability and axis consistency of the optical support frame during pitch rotation, and laying the foundation for high-precision assembly and adjustment. 9. The present invention, through the establishment of a horizontal reference and the step-by-step transfer of the reference using interferometry, ensures extremely high relative positional accuracy between the primary and secondary mirrors. Finally, the system is verified by a 180° rotation, which effectively verifies the stability of the assembly results under gravity changes and ensures the imaging quality of the optical system in actual working conditions.

[0025] 10. In this invention, the initial position of the interferometer is precisely located using a focusing fixture, which lays the foundation for subsequent measurements. After removing the focusing fixture, the interferometer and the standard plane mirror are directly adjusted, achieving high-precision alignment between the optical surface of the primary mirror and the external reference. This eliminates the error of the fixture itself and ensures the accuracy of the reference transfer.

[0026] 11. This invention achieves precise control of the multi-degree-of-freedom position of the secondary mirror through initial positioning, optical axis alignment calibration, and real-time adjustment. It can efficiently converge the system wavelet aberration to the optimal value, and finally fix the optimal position by adjusting the shims, thus ensuring the assembly and adjustment effect. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The present invention will now be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly and adjustment device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the assembly and adjustment device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the primary and secondary mirror mounting structure of the present invention; The diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Primary mirror, 2. Secondary mirror, 3. Primary and secondary mirror chambers, 4. Secondary mirror adjustment fixture, 5. Optical support frame, 6. Support frame, 7. First bearing component, 8. Second bearing component, 9. First upright frame, 10. Second upright frame, 11. Support base, 12. First support horizontal plate, 13. Second support horizontal plate, 14. 0-degree support block, 15. 180-degree support block, 16. Leveling screw, 17. First bearing seat, 18. First bearing, 19. Second bearing seat, 20. Second bearing, 21. Focusing fixture, 22. Standard plane mirror, 23. Interferometer, 24. Multidimensional adjustment frame. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Example 1 See Figure 1 A high-precision, large-aperture primary and secondary mirror assembly and adjustment device includes a primary mirror 1, a secondary mirror 2, a primary and secondary mirror chamber 3, a secondary mirror adjustment fixture 4, an optical support frame 5, and a support frame 6. The primary and secondary mirror chamber 3 is fixed on the optical support frame 5. A first bearing component 7 is provided at one end of the optical support frame 5, and a second bearing component 8 is provided at the other end of the optical support frame 5. The primary mirror 1 is installed at the rear end of the primary and secondary mirror chamber 3, the secondary mirror adjustment fixture 4 is installed at the front end of the primary and secondary mirror chamber 3, and the secondary mirror 2 is set on the secondary mirror adjustment fixture 4. The optical support frame 5 and the support frame 6 are connected.

[0029] This embodiment is the most basic implementation method. Compared with the prior art, the stable connection between the primary and secondary mirror chambers 3 and the optical support frame 5, as well as the setting of bearing components at both ends, effectively improves the positioning accuracy and system stability of the primary mirror 1 and the secondary mirror 2. The independent configuration of the secondary mirror adjustment fixture 4 enables the precise adjustment of the secondary mirror 2, significantly improving the assembly and adjustment efficiency and ensuring the high-precision alignment of the optical system, thereby improving the assembly and adjustment accuracy. Example 2 See Figure 1 A high-precision, large-aperture primary and secondary mirror assembly and adjustment device includes a primary mirror 1, a secondary mirror 2, a primary and secondary mirror chamber 3, a secondary mirror adjustment fixture 4, an optical support frame 5, and a support frame 6. The primary and secondary mirror chamber 3 is fixed on the optical support frame 5. A first bearing component 7 is provided at one end of the optical support frame 5, and a second bearing component 8 is provided at the other end of the optical support frame 5. The primary mirror 1 is installed at the rear end of the primary and secondary mirror chamber 3, the secondary mirror adjustment fixture 4 is installed at the front end of the primary and secondary mirror chamber 3, and the secondary mirror 2 is set on the secondary mirror adjustment fixture 4. The optical support frame 5 and the support frame 6 are connected.

[0030] The support frame 6 includes a first upright 9, a second upright 10, a support base 11, a first support horizontal plate 12, and a second support horizontal plate 13. The first upright 9 is fixed to one end of the support base 11, the second upright 10 is fixed to the other end of the support base 11, and the first support horizontal plate 12 and the second support horizontal plate 13 are fixed on the support base 11.

[0031] This embodiment is a preferred implementation. The support frame 6 includes a first upright 9, a second upright 10, a support base 11, a first support horizontal plate 12, and a second support horizontal plate 13. The first upright 9 is fixed to one end of the support base 11, the second upright 10 is fixed to the other end of the support base 11, and the first support horizontal plate 12 and the second support horizontal plate 13 are fixed on the support base 11. The structure of the support frame 6 provides a stable bottom foundation, ensuring the rigidity of the entire assembly and adjustment device. The symmetrical layout of the first upright 9 and the second upright 10 provides a balanced support point for the optical load-bearing frame 5.

[0032] Example 3 See Figure 1 A high-precision, large-aperture primary and secondary mirror assembly and adjustment device includes a primary mirror 1, a secondary mirror 2, a primary and secondary mirror chamber 3, a secondary mirror adjustment fixture 4, an optical support frame 5, and a support frame 6. The primary and secondary mirror chamber 3 is fixed on the optical support frame 5. A first bearing component 7 is provided at one end of the optical support frame 5, and a second bearing component 8 is provided at the other end of the optical support frame 5. The primary mirror 1 is installed at the rear end of the primary and secondary mirror chamber 3, the secondary mirror adjustment fixture 4 is installed at the front end of the primary and secondary mirror chamber 3, and the secondary mirror 2 is set on the secondary mirror adjustment fixture 4. The optical support frame 5 and the support frame 6 are connected.

[0033] The support frame 6 includes a first upright 9, a second upright 10, a support base 11, a first support horizontal plate 12, and a second support horizontal plate 13. The first upright 9 is fixed to one end of the support base 11, the second upright 10 is fixed to the other end of the support base 11, and the first support horizontal plate 12 and the second support horizontal plate 13 are fixed on the support base 11.

[0034] The first support plate 12 and the second support plate 13 are parallel to each other.

[0035] A 0-degree support block 14 with threaded holes is fixedly connected to the first support plate 12.

[0036] A 180-degree support block 15 with threaded holes is fixedly connected to the second support plate 13.

[0037] This embodiment is another preferred implementation. The first support plate 12 and the second support plate 13 are parallel to each other. The parallel layout of the two support plates ensures the uniform distribution of the supporting force and avoids deformation of the optical load-bearing frame 5 due to uneven force.

[0038] A 0-degree support block 14 with threaded holes is fixedly connected to the first support plate 12. The threaded hole design on the 0-degree support block 14 facilitates positioning with the optical support frame 5, ensuring that the optical support frame 5 is fixed in posture, which is beneficial to improving the assembly and adjustment accuracy.

[0039] A 180-degree support block 15 with threaded holes is fixedly connected to the second support plate 13, corresponding to the 0-degree support block 14. The 180-degree support block 15 allows the optical support frame 5 to be stably supported and fixed in the inverted 180-degree position, thus meeting the special working condition requirements of assembling and adjusting the primary and secondary mirror 2 system in the inverted state.

[0040] Example 4 See Figure 1 and Figure 2 A high-precision, large-aperture primary and secondary mirror assembly and adjustment device includes a primary mirror 1, a secondary mirror 2, a primary and secondary mirror chamber 3, a secondary mirror adjustment fixture 4, an optical support frame 5, and a support frame 6. The primary and secondary mirror chamber 3 is fixed on the optical support frame 5. A first bearing component 7 is provided at one end of the optical support frame 5, and a second bearing component 8 is provided at the other end of the optical support frame 5. The primary mirror 1 is installed at the rear end of the primary and secondary mirror chamber 3, the secondary mirror adjustment fixture 4 is installed at the front end of the primary and secondary mirror chamber 3, and the secondary mirror 2 is set on the secondary mirror adjustment fixture 4. The optical support frame 5 and the support frame 6 are connected.

[0041] The support frame 6 includes a first upright 9, a second upright 10, a support base 11, a first support horizontal plate 12, and a second support horizontal plate 13. The first upright 9 is fixed to one end of the support base 11, the second upright 10 is fixed to the other end of the support base 11, and the first support horizontal plate 12 and the second support horizontal plate 13 are fixed on the support base 11.

[0042] The first support plate 12 and the second support plate 13 are parallel to each other.

[0043] A 0-degree support block 14 with threaded holes is fixedly connected to the first support plate 12.

[0044] A 180-degree support block 15 with threaded holes is fixedly connected to the second support plate 13.

[0045] A leveling screw 16 is installed at each of the four corners of the support base 11.

[0046] The first bearing component 7 includes a first bearing housing 17 and a first bearing 18 installed in the first bearing housing 17. The first bearing housing 17 is fixed on the first support frame 9.

[0047] This embodiment is another preferred implementation. A leveling screw 16 is installed on each of the four corners of the support base 11. The leveling screws 16 at the four corners of the support base 11 can effectively compensate for the error caused by uneven ground, ensuring that the entire device is in a precise horizontal working state, and eliminating the optical system assembly and adjustment reference error caused by the tilt of the support base 11 from the basic level.

[0048] The first bearing component 7 includes a first bearing seat 17 and a first bearing 18 installed in the first bearing seat 17. The first bearing seat 17 is fixed on the first stand 9. The first bearing component 7 is fixed on the first stand 9 through the first bearing seat 17, providing a stable and low-friction rotation fulcrum for one end of the optical support frame 5, ensuring the smoothness and rotational accuracy of the optical support frame 5 when rotating around the axis.

[0049] Example 5 See Figure 1 A high-precision, large-aperture primary and secondary mirror assembly and adjustment device includes a primary mirror 1, a secondary mirror 2, a primary and secondary mirror chamber 3, a secondary mirror adjustment fixture 4, an optical support frame 5, and a support frame 6. The primary and secondary mirror chamber 3 is fixed on the optical support frame 5. A first bearing component 7 is provided at one end of the optical support frame 5, and a second bearing component 8 is provided at the other end of the optical support frame 5. The primary mirror 1 is installed at the rear end of the primary and secondary mirror chamber 3, the secondary mirror adjustment fixture 4 is installed at the front end of the primary and secondary mirror chamber 3, and the secondary mirror 2 is set on the secondary mirror adjustment fixture 4. The optical support frame 5 and the support frame 6 are connected.

[0050] The support frame 6 includes a first upright 9, a second upright 10, a support base 11, a first support horizontal plate 12, and a second support horizontal plate 13. The first upright 9 is fixed to one end of the support base 11, the second upright 10 is fixed to the other end of the support base 11, and the first support horizontal plate 12 and the second support horizontal plate 13 are fixed on the support base 11.

[0051] The first support plate 12 and the second support plate 13 are parallel to each other.

[0052] A 0-degree support block 14 with threaded holes is fixedly connected to the first support plate 12.

[0053] A 180-degree support block 15 with threaded holes is fixedly connected to the second support plate 13.

[0054] A leveling screw 16 is installed at each of the four corners of the support base 11.

[0055] The first bearing component 7 includes a first bearing housing 17 and a first bearing 18 installed in the first bearing housing 17. The first bearing housing 17 is fixed on the first support frame 9.

[0056] The second bearing component 8 includes a second bearing housing 19 and a second bearing 20 installed in the second bearing housing 19. The second bearing housing 19 is fixed on the second support frame 10.

[0057] This embodiment is another preferred implementation. The second bearing component 8 includes a second bearing seat 19 and a second bearing 20 installed in the second bearing seat 19. The second bearing seat 19 is fixed on the second stand 10. The second bearing component 8 and the first bearing component 7 work together to form the rotation axis system of the optical support frame 5, ensuring the stability and axis consistency of the optical support frame 5 during pitch rotation, laying the foundation for high-precision assembly and adjustment. Example 6 See Figures 1-3 A high-precision, large-aperture primary and secondary mirror assembly and adjustment method includes the following steps: S1. Establishing the reference: Install the primary mirror 1 on the primary and secondary mirror chamber 3, and adjust an optical reference plane to be horizontal to establish the initial reference of the system; S2, The primary mirror 1 reference is transferred. Using the focusing fixture 21 and the standard plane mirror 22, the optical surface of the standard plane mirror 22 is aligned with the optical reference of the primary mirror 1 by means of interferometry. S3. Secondary Mirror 2 Installation and Adjustment: Install the secondary mirror 2 on the primary and secondary mirror chamber 3. Use the parallel light emitted by the interferometer 23 and adjust the position and orientation of the secondary mirror 2 through the secondary mirror adjustment fixture 4 to make the system wave aberration formed by the primary mirror 1 and the secondary mirror 2 meet the preset index, and complete the positioning of the secondary mirror 2. S4. System verification: Rotate the assembled primary and secondary mirror 2 system by 180°, and use the standard plane mirror 22 and interferometer 23 again to detect and confirm the wavefront aberration of the optical system.

[0058] This embodiment is another preferred implementation. The entire assembly and adjustment method establishes a horizontal reference and uses interferometry to transfer the reference step by step, ensuring extremely high relative positional accuracy between the primary mirror 1 and the secondary mirror 2. Finally, the system is verified by a 180° rotation, which effectively tests the stability of the assembly and adjustment results under gravity changes and ensures the imaging quality of the optical system in actual working conditions.

[0059] Example 7 See Figures 1-3 A high-precision, large-aperture primary and secondary mirror assembly and adjustment method includes the following steps: S1. Establishing the reference: Install the primary mirror 1 on the primary and secondary mirror chamber 3, and adjust an optical reference plane to be horizontal to establish the initial reference of the system; S2, The primary mirror 1 reference is transferred. Using the focusing fixture 21 and the standard plane mirror 22, the optical surface of the standard plane mirror 22 is aligned with the optical reference of the primary mirror 1 by means of interferometry. S3. Secondary Mirror 2 Installation and Adjustment: Install the secondary mirror 2 on the primary and secondary mirror chamber 3. Use the parallel light emitted by the interferometer 23 and adjust the position and orientation of the secondary mirror 2 through the secondary mirror adjustment fixture 4 to make the system wave aberration formed by the primary mirror 1 and the secondary mirror 2 meet the preset index, and complete the positioning of the secondary mirror 2. S4. System verification: Rotate the assembled primary and secondary mirror 2 system by 180°, and use the standard plane mirror 22 and interferometer 23 again to detect and confirm the wavefront aberration of the optical system.

[0060] Step S2 specifically includes: S21. Install the focusing fixture 21 on the primary and secondary mirror chambers 3, and place the standard plane mirror 22 in front of the primary mirror 1. S22. Place the interferometer 23 on the multidimensional adjustment frame 24 so that the light output port is aligned with the focal hole of the focusing fixture 21. S23. Remove the focusing fixture 21, adjust the position and orientation of the interferometer 23 and the standard plane mirror 22 until the aberration detected by the interferometer 23 is minimized, and complete the alignment of the primary mirror 1 and the standard plane mirror 22.

[0061] Step S3 specifically includes: S31. Install the secondary mirror 2 and the secondary mirror adjustment fixture 4 together on the primary and secondary mirror chambers 3, and perform initial positioning of the mechanical interface. S32. Adjust the interferometer 23 so that it emits parallel light, and adjust the position of the interferometer 23 so that the optical axis of the interferometer 23 coincides with the axis of the reference optical axis hole on the back of the primary and secondary mirror chamber 3. S33. Operate the secondary mirror adjustment fixture 4 to change the position and orientation of the secondary mirror 2, observe the wave aberration detected by the interferometer 23 in real time until the index requirements are met, and record the position of the secondary mirror 2 at this time. S34. Based on the recorded position of secondary mirror 2, adjust the installation shims to ensure that the wavefront aberration of the primary and secondary mirrors 2 after installation meets the index requirements, and complete the installation and adjustment of secondary mirror 2.

[0062] This embodiment is the optimal implementation method. The focusing fixture 21 is used to accurately position the interferometer 23 at its initial position, which lays the foundation for subsequent measurements. After removing the focusing fixture 21, the interferometer 23 and the standard plane mirror 22 are directly adjusted to achieve high-precision alignment between the optical surface of the main mirror 1 and the external reference, eliminating the error of the fixture itself and ensuring the accuracy of the reference transfer.

[0063] Through initial positioning, optical axis alignment calibration, and real-time adjustment, precise control of the multi-degree-of-freedom position of the secondary mirror 2 was achieved. This efficiently converged the system wavelet aberration to the optimal value. Finally, the optimal position was fixed by adjusting the shims, ensuring the assembly and adjustment effect. The basic principle of this invention is as follows: The entire optical system, including the primary mirror 1, secondary mirror 2, and primary and secondary mirror chambers 3, is supported as a rigid whole by the optical support frame 5. The bearings at both ends of the optical support frame 5 are connected to the support frame 6, forming a precise rotational axis system. This changes the cumbersome traditional method of manually moving or hoisting the entire mirror body to change the angle, and enables efficient and safe switching between 0-degree and 180-degree orientations.

[0064] Specifically, when the optical system rotates to the target angle, such as the two key detection positions of 0 degrees or 180 degrees, the 0-degree support block 14 and 180-degree support block 15, fixed to the support plate, serve as precise mechanical positioning references. Their threaded holes engage with the positioning pins on the optical support frame 5, ensuring the fixed posture of the optical support frame 5 and guaranteeing the repeatability of the core optical components' positions and the overall structural rigidity during assembly and adjustment. Based on this stability, the secondary mirror adjustment fixture 4 can be fully utilized to perform micron-level precise adjustments to the six degrees of freedom (X, Y, Z), tilt, and yaw of the secondary mirror 2 relative to the primary mirror 1, correcting the optical axis parallelism and image quality of the optical system. Simultaneously, the leveling screws 16 at the four corners of the support base 11 eliminate the interference of uneven ground on the entire device from the source, thereby ensuring the consistency and accuracy of the assembly and adjustment results at different angles.

Claims

1. A high-precision, large-aperture primary and secondary mirror assembly and adjustment device, comprising a primary mirror (1) and a secondary mirror (2), characterized in that: It also includes a primary and secondary mirror chamber (3), a secondary mirror adjustment fixture (4), an optical support frame (5), and a support frame (6). The primary and secondary mirror chamber (3) is fixed on the optical support frame (5). One end of the optical support frame (5) is provided with a first bearing component (7), and the other end of the optical support frame (5) is provided with a second bearing component (8). The primary mirror (1) is installed at the rear end of the primary and secondary mirror chamber (3), the secondary mirror adjustment fixture (4) is installed at the front end of the primary and secondary mirror chamber (3), and the secondary mirror (2) is set on the secondary mirror adjustment fixture (4). The optical support frame (5) and the support frame (6) are connected.

2. The high-precision large-aperture primary and secondary mirror assembly and adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support frame (6) includes a first upright (9), a second upright (10), a support base (11), a first support horizontal plate (12), and a second support horizontal plate (13). The first upright (9) is fixed to one end of the support base (11), the second upright (10) is fixed to the other end of the support base (11), and the first support horizontal plate (12) and the second support horizontal plate (13) are fixed on the support base (11).

3. The high-precision large-aperture primary and secondary mirror assembly and adjustment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first support plate (12) and the second support plate (13) are parallel to each other.

4. The high-precision large-aperture primary and secondary mirror assembly and adjustment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A 0-degree support block (14) with a threaded hole is fixedly connected to the first support plate (12).

5. The high-precision large-aperture primary and secondary mirror assembly and adjustment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A 180-degree support block (15) with a threaded hole is fixedly connected to the second support plate (13).

6. The high-precision large-aperture primary and secondary mirror assembly and adjustment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A leveling screw (16) is installed at each of the four corners of the support base (11).

7. A high-precision, large-aperture primary and secondary mirror assembly and adjustment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first bearing component (7) includes a first bearing housing (17) and a first bearing (18) installed in the first bearing housing (17), and the first bearing housing (17) is fixed on the first stand (9).

8. A high-precision, large-aperture primary and secondary mirror assembly and adjustment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second bearing component (8) includes a second bearing housing (19) and a second bearing (20) installed in the second bearing housing (19), and the second bearing housing (19) is fixed on the second stand (10).

9. A high-precision method for assembling and adjusting large-aperture primary and secondary mirrors, characterized in that, The high-precision, large-aperture primary and secondary mirror assembly and adjustment device as described in claim 1 includes the following steps: S1. Establish the reference: Install the primary mirror (1) on the primary and secondary mirror chamber (3) and adjust an optical reference plane to be horizontal to establish the initial reference of the system. S2. The primary mirror (1) reference is transferred by using the focusing fixture (21) and the standard plane mirror (22) to establish an alignment relationship between the optical surface of the standard plane mirror (22) and the optical reference of the primary mirror (1) through interferometry. S3. Secondary mirror (2) installation and adjustment: Install the secondary mirror (2) on the primary and secondary mirror chamber (3). Use the parallel light emitted by the interferometer (23) and adjust the position and attitude of the secondary mirror (2) through the secondary mirror adjustment fixture (4) so ​​that the system wave aberration formed by the primary mirror (1) and the secondary mirror (2) meets the preset index and complete the positioning of the secondary mirror (2). S4. System verification: Rotate the assembled primary and secondary mirror (2) system by 180° and use the standard plane mirror (22) and interferometer (23) to detect and confirm the wavefront aberration of the optical system.

10. A high-precision, large-aperture primary and secondary mirror assembly and adjustment method according to claim 9, characterized in that... The characteristic is that step S2 specifically includes: S21. Install the focusing fixture (21) on the primary and secondary mirror chamber (3) and place a standard plane mirror (22) in front of the primary mirror (1). S22. Place the interferometer (23) on the multidimensional adjustment frame (24) so ​​that the light output port is aligned with the focal hole of the focusing fixture (21); S23. Remove the focusing fixture (21), adjust the position and orientation of the interferometer (23) and the standard plane mirror (22) until the aberration detected by the interferometer (23) is minimized, and complete the inspection of the primary mirror (1) and the standard plane mirror (22).

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