A horizontal loop heat pipe foundation design method suitable for permafrost regions

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of building foundation engineering technology in permafrost regions, specifically relating to a design method for horizontal loop heat pipe foundations suitable for buildings in permafrost areas. The method includes: obtaining engineering climate and site parameters; calculating foundation demand and assessing foundation deformation; solving for horizontal loop heat pipe network layout parameters; selecting foundation construction schemes; verifying manufacturing and construction accessibility and safety; adjusting foundation design parameters; and outputting construction and acceptance data. This invention, targeting engineering climate and site parameters, determines key design parameters for horizontal loop heat pipe foundations through system constraints and geological conditions, ensuring the reliability and safety of the design and the long-term stability of the foundation. It provides a systematic calculation basis and verification path for the quantitative, verifiable, and feasible design of horizontal loop heat pipe building foundations in permafrost regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building foundation engineering technology in permafrost regions, specifically relating to a design method for horizontal loop heat pipe foundations suitable for buildings in permafrost regions. Background Technology

[0002] In permafrost regions, building foundations face multiple thermal disturbances during operation, including climate warming, building heat dissipation, and construction disturbances. These disturbances can easily lead to deformations such as thaw settlement of the foundation soil and uneven ground settlement, resulting in engineering defects such as foundation cracking and deformation of the superstructure. Existing engineering protection measures often employ single-type heat pipes, insulation layers, and backfilling to stabilize the active layer and ground temperature field, reduce thaw settlement, and mitigate uneven settlement. In recent years, to effectively control the temperature of the foundation soil below the foundation, the concept of horizontal loop heat pipe building foundations has been proposed in engineering. This involves laying horizontal loop heat pipes below the foundation to suppress thaw settlement and differential deformation. Such devices require no external power and have low energy consumption during operation.

[0003] However, existing engineering practices and design methods mainly rely on empirical parameters and local verification, lacking quantitative indicators such as climate indicators, layered thermal properties, and target isothermal surface coverage to be incorporated into the design process. This makes it difficult to coordinate and optimize horizontal loop heat pipes, and temperature coverage cannot be quantified to the basic control zone. There is a disconnect between two-phase operation stability and cooling capacity, and there is a lack of clear correction paths when manufacturing accessibility and deformation do not meet the standards. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a systematic method that can cover parametric design and global verification in the design phase, so as to achieve the minimum configuration of materials and energy consumption, while taking into account the application requirements of engineering safety and low carbon and low energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention aims to provide a design method for horizontal loop heat pipe building foundations in permafrost regions. This method can balance the feasibility of building projects in permafrost regions with structural and foundation safety, effectively suppressing thaw settlement and related uneven settlement risks, ensuring foundation safety, reducing uneven settlement, improving foundation reliability, and extending the service life of buildings.

[0005] S1. Obtain engineering climate and site parameters: freezing index FI Annual average ground temperature curve T ∞,z,t ; Soil layer thermal conductivity; Soil thermal conductivity anisotropy parameters k r , k z Soil thermal diffusivity α th Soil density r Specific heat of soil c Latent heat of soil Li Snow cover factor S cv Ice content S i Axial load Nk of the superstructure; Bending moment load Mk of the superstructure; Shear load Vk of the superstructure; Allowable deformation value S allow Allowable inclination rate i allow Allowable temperature difference threshold Δ T * Design Time Window t d ;

[0006] S2. Basic Demand Side Calculation and Foundation Deformation Assessment: Calculate the effective freezing degree per day within the controlled soil volume Ω below the foundation. FI eff and basic cooling capacity requirements E req Assessing melt-settlement displacement S thaw With long-term creep rate S creep ;

[0007] S3. Solving for horizontal loop heat pipe network layout parameters: Determine the length of the horizontal loop heat pipe using system constraints at a depth D below the foundation bottom. L h Horizontal spacing s h burial depth z Pipe diameter d and filling rate ϕ This allows the heat pipe system to... t d Internally satisfied: Temperature difference constraint Δ T ≤Δ T ∗ Two-phase stability constraint Λₕ≥γ Λ Cooling capacity constraints E cap ≥ E req ;

[0008] S4. Foundation Structure Selection: Based on the site bearing capacity and the thickness of the active layer, select the foundation type and determine the set of foundation parameters linked to the thermal system under the temperature field boundary output in S3.

[0009] S5. Manufacturing and Construction Accessibility and Safety Verification: Verify the pipe material and pressure rating, working fluid compatibility, minimum bending radius and connection process accessibility; verify total settlement. S ≤ S allow Inclination i ≤i allow Allowable bearing capacity and overall anti-slip and anti-overturning safety factor;

[0010] S6. Adjustment of basic design parameters: If either S3 or S4 criterion is not met, adjust the horizontal heat pipe arrangement parameters and basic parameters respectively within the allowable variable range, and iterate until the criterion is met.

[0011] S7. Construction and Acceptance Outputs: Generate and use the final construction layout drawing, horizontal loop heat pipe foundation parameter set and material list for construction layout and acceptance judgment, and provide acceptance thresholds and key control indicators to complete on-site layout and compliance judgment.

[0012] Preferably, the effective freezing degree per day and the required cooling capacity are calculated as follows:

[0013]

[0014]

[0015] in, x s , x i The correction factors are set to 1.12 and 0.96 respectively. α s For Stefan type coefficients; Δ x i This represents the increase in the volume fraction of the ice phase.

[0016] Preferably, the temperature difference constraint is calculated as follows:

[0017]

[0018] Where, Δ T This represents the actual temperature field, measured in Kelvin (K). q h The heat extracted per unit length of a horizontal heat pipe, expressed in W / m; t i The thickness of the i-th layer is in meters (m). E 1(·) is an exponential integral function; Δ T ∗ To allow for temperature difference, the unit is K; T ∞ This represents the winter ground temperature, expressed in Kelvin (K).

[0019] Preferably, the two-phase stability constraint is calculated as follows:

[0020]

[0021]

[0022]

[0023]

[0024] Among them, Λ h For stability index; γ Λ The lower limit coefficient for stability is set at 1.4-1.55; Δ z eff The effective vertical height difference between the evaporator and the condenser is expressed in meters (m). r l , r v ρ represents the density of the working fluid in the liquid phase and the density in the vapor phase, respectively, in kg / m³; g is the acceleration due to gravity, in m / s². f v , f l The Darcy friction coefficient between the working fluid in the gas phase and the liquid phase; L v This refers to the length of the vertical branch, in meters (m). L l The length of the horizontal branch is in meters (m). G v , G l These are the gas and liquid phase mass fluxes of the working fluid, respectively, in kg / m²·s; G m This is the mass flux of the miscible phase, expressed in kg / m²·s. K i This refers to the local resistance coefficient of bends and merging points; r m The density is the equivalent density of the miscible phase, expressed in kg / m³. h lv The latent heat of vaporization of the working fluid is expressed in J / kg.

[0025] Preferably, the cooling capacity constraint is calculated as follows:

[0026]

[0027] in, or sys For system efficiency.

[0028] Preferably, the foundation type is determined according to the following rules: when the site allows bearing capacity q allow ≥σ d / γ b And the thickness of the active layer H a ≤ H thr1， and satisfy Sthaw ≤ S thaw,allow , S creep ≤ S creep,allow When choosing a basic level, select a simple one; when... H a ≥ H thr2 or q allow <σ d / γ b or S thaw > S thaw,allow When selecting a pile-raft foundation, the pile tip should be embedded in the permafrost layer to a depth of ≥1.5 m.

[0029] Preferably, the active layer thickness threshold H thr1 and H thr2 These are two statistical measures used for basic type selection and thermal control design criteria, determined based on a sample sequence of the maximum ablation thickness of the active layer over five years or more at the proposed site. H max :

[0030]

[0031] in, m H This is the mean of a multi-year sample. s H The standard deviation of a multi-year sample; γ H For the thickness safety factor, take 1.05-1.25; k L The lower side statistical offset coefficient is set to 0.25. k u The upper side statistical offset coefficient is set to 1.64.

[0032] Preferably, the basic parameters for the linkage of the thermal system include: foundation type, foundation width B, and foundation thickness t. f The foundation depth D, as well as the pile length, number of piles, and embedment depth.

[0033] Preferably, manufacturability verification includes: verifying the pressure rating of pipes and fittings, ensuring that the pressure-bearing capacity is not lower than the maximum working pressure under design temperature and operating conditions; verifying the material compatibility of the working fluid with pipes, welding materials, and seals to avoid stress corrosion and adverse chemical reactions; verifying that the minimum bending radius and connection process accessibility meet the requirements for installation and return fluid channels; and ensuring that welding meets the specified level of non-destructive testing.

[0034] Preferably, the working fluid selection for the horizontal loop heat pipe includes methane, carbon dioxide, and ammonia, and the pipe material is selected as seamless stainless steel pipe. In corrosive or special temperature conditions, alternative materials compatible with the working fluid can be selected and adapted accordingly to continue to meet the system constraints.

[0035] Preferably, the deformation and tilt safety check is based on a freeze-thaw-mechanical coupling model derived from the design temperature field. T ( x , t ) and the increase in ice content Δ x i Calculate the volumetric strain of the foundation and obtain the displacement field of the foundation bottom surface. w ( x Based on this, the maximum settlement is taken. S =max Aw(x) Compared with the basic feature size L ref Calculated maximum slope i Satisfying the criteria S ≤ S allow , i ≤ i allow Simultaneously, the bottom contact pressure is checked using load combinations Nk, Mk, and Vk to ensure it does not exceed the allowable bearing capacity, and the centroid eccentricity is verified. e The overall anti-slip and anti-overturning safety factors were checked and found to meet the specifications.

[0036] As can be clearly seen from the above, the horizontal loop heat pipe foundation design method for buildings in permafrost regions proposed in this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] (1) This invention incorporates freezing index, stratified thermal properties and target isothermal surface coverage into parameterized constraints, coordinates and optimizes horizontal loop heat pipe design parameters, and uses global verification as an admission condition to achieve coordinated temperature control and cooling capacity quota matching. The design space is clear, converges quickly, and can be verified, making it easy to reuse in engineering.

[0038] (2) By setting manufacturability and safety thresholds, this invention provides an engineering correction path, which can significantly improve manufacturability and construction accessibility, reduce the risk of construction rework and operational failure, suppress and control thaw settlement and uneven settlement in permafrost environments, and improve the long-term stability and reliability of the foundation.

[0039] (3) The present invention uses passive horizontal loop heat pipes for heat exchange, which eliminates the need for conventional electric cooling, thereby reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions during operation from the source. It also avoids over-design by limiting cooling capacity, reducing carbon emissions during on-site construction and helping the project meet dual carbon targets. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This invention provides a flowchart of the steps for designing a horizontal loop heat pipe foundation suitable for buildings in permafrost regions.

[0041] Figure 2 This invention provides a flowchart for verifying the manufacturing, construction accessibility, and safety of horizontal loop heat pipe foundations suitable for buildings in permafrost regions.

[0042] Figure 3 This invention provides a schematic diagram of a horizontal loop heat pipe foundation layout suitable for buildings in permafrost regions, wherein A - a two-phase closed horizontal loop heat pipe, B - building foundation, and C - building;

[0043] Figure 4 This invention provides a schematic cross-sectional view of a horizontal loop heat pipe foundation suitable for buildings in permafrost regions, wherein A represents a two-phase closed-loop horizontal loop heat pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To more clearly illustrate the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention, the following section will, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, provide an in-depth analysis and explanation of a horizontal loop heat pipe foundation design method suitable for buildings in permafrost regions. The specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects are detailed below. In the following description, "one embodiment" and "another embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in multiple embodiments can be freely combined to adapt to different application scenarios and needs.

[0045] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0046] Among them, the appendix Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the steps of a horizontal loop heat pipe foundation design method for buildings in permafrost regions, provided by this invention, is attached. Figure 2 This invention presents a flowchart illustrating the manufacturing, construction accessibility, and safety verification process of a horizontal loop heat pipe foundation suitable for buildings in permafrost regions, with detailed explanations of the steps and procedures. (Attached) Figure 3 This invention provides a schematic diagram of a horizontal loop heat pipe foundation layout suitable for buildings in permafrost regions. The diagram clearly marks the relevant components in the foundation and their installation positions, facilitating understanding of the system layout. (Attached) Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional view of a horizontal loop heat pipe foundation suitable for buildings in permafrost regions is shown.

[0047] Example 1: As shown in the attached document Figure 1As shown, it illustrates a flowchart of a horizontal loop heat pipe foundation design method for buildings in permafrost regions, provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The method includes the following steps:

[0048] S1. Obtain engineering climate and site parameters: freezing index FI Annual average ground temperature curve T ∞,z,t ; Soil layer thermal conductivity; Soil thermal conductivity anisotropy parameters k r , k z Soil thermal diffusivity α th Soil density r Specific heat of soil c Latent heat of soil L i Snow cover factor S cv Ice content S i Axial load Nk of the superstructure; Bending moment load Mk of the superstructure; Shear load Vk of the superstructure; Allowable deformation value S allow Allowable inclination rate i allow Allowable temperature difference threshold Δ T * Design Time Window t d .

[0049] S2. Basic Demand Side Calculation and Foundation Deformation Assessment: Determine the volume Ω of the controlled soil below and the effective freezing degree days. FI eff Basic cooling demand E req This provides the starting values ​​and boundaries for subsequent steps, based on the given Stefan type, ice-containing correction relationship, and calibration coefficient χ. s , χ i Perform calculations and assess the melt-settlement displacement. S thaw With long-term creep rate S creep .

[0050] Preferably, the effective freezing day and energy requirement are calculated as follows:

[0051]

[0052]

[0053] in, x s , x i The correction factors are set to 1.12 and 0.96 respectively. α s For Stefan type coefficients; Δ x i This represents the increase in the volume fraction of the ice phase.

[0054] S3. Solving for the layout parameters of the horizontal loop heat pipe network: Lay a closed horizontal loop heat pipe network under the foundation slab, and simultaneously establish the temperature difference constraint Δ T ≤Δ T ∗ Two-phase stability constraint Λₕ≥γ Λ Cooling capacity constraints E cap ≥ E req Solve and determine the length of the horizontal loop of the heat pipe. L h Horizontal spacing s h burial depth z Pipe diameter d and filling rate ϕ .

[0055] Preferably, the temperature difference constraint is calculated:

[0056]

[0057] Where, Δ T This represents the actual temperature field, measured in Kelvin (K). q h The heat extracted per unit length of a horizontal heat pipe, expressed in W / m; t i The thickness of the i-th layer is in meters (m). E 1(·) is an exponential integral function; Δ T ∗ To allow for temperature difference, the unit is K; T ∞ This represents the winter ground temperature, expressed in Kelvin (K).

[0058] Preferably, the two-phase stability constraints are calculated:

[0059]

[0060]

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] Among them, Λ h For stability index; γΛ The lower limit coefficient for stability is set at 1.4-1.55; Δ z eff The effective vertical height difference between the evaporator and the condenser is expressed in meters (m). r l , r v ρ represents the density of the working fluid in the liquid phase and the density in the vapor phase, respectively, in kg / m³; g is the acceleration due to gravity, in m / s². f v , f l The Darcy friction coefficient between the working fluid in the gas phase and the liquid phase; L v This refers to the length of the vertical branch, in meters (m). L l The length of the horizontal branch is in meters (m). G v , G l These are the gas and liquid phase mass fluxes of the working fluid, respectively, in kg / m²·s; G m This is the mass flux of the miscible phase, expressed in kg / m²·s. K i This refers to the local resistance coefficient of bends and merging points; r m The density is the equivalent density of the miscible phase, expressed in kg / m³. h lv The latent heat of vaporization of the working fluid is expressed in J / kg.

[0064] Preferably, the cooling capacity constraint is calculated as follows:

[0065]

[0066] in, or sys For system efficiency.

[0067] S4. Foundation Structural Scheme Selection: Based on the site bearing capacity and the thickness of the active layer, select the foundation type and determine the set of foundation parameters linked to the thermal system under the temperature field boundary output in S3.

[0068] Preferably, the active layer thickness threshold H thr1 and H thr2 These are two statistical measures used for basic type selection and thermal control design criteria, determined based on a sample sequence of the maximum ablation thickness of the active layer over five years or more at the proposed site. H max :

[0069]

[0070] in, m H This is the mean of a multi-year sample. s H The standard deviation of a multi-year sample; γ H For the thickness safety factor, take 1.05-1.25; k L The lower side statistical offset coefficient is set to 0.25. k u The upper side statistical offset coefficient is set to 1.64.

[0071] Preferably, the basic parameters for the linkage of the thermal system include: foundation type, foundation width B, and foundation thickness t. f The foundation depth D, as well as the pile length, number of piles, and embedment depth.

[0072] S5. Manufacturing and Construction Accessibility and Safety Verification: Verify the pipe material and pressure rating, working fluid compatibility, minimum bending radius and connection process accessibility; verify total settlement. S ≤ S allow Inclination i ≤ i allow Allowable bearing capacity and overall anti-slip and anti-overturning safety factor.

[0073] Preferably, the present invention provides a flowchart for the manufacturing and construction accessibility and safety verification of a horizontal loop heat pipe foundation suitable for buildings in permafrost regions, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 2 As shown.

[0074] Preferably, after manufacturing, the foundation deformation field is derived from the design temperature field and ice content based on the freeze-thaw-mechanical coupling model, and the maximum settlement is calculated. S Compared with feature size L ref Calculated maximum slope i At the same time, Nk, Mk, and Vk are used to verify that the bottom surface contact pressure does not exceed the allowable bearing capacity or bearing safety factor requirements, and the overall anti-slip and anti-overturning safety factors are verified to meet the specifications.

[0075] S6. Adjustment of basic design parameters: If either criterion S3 or S4 is not met, iterative adjustments shall be made within the allowable range of design variables. L h , s h , z , d , ϕ Until manufacturability is met; during implementation, continuously review the constraints of S3 to avoid manufacturability corrections from damaging temperature coverage or stability, and iteratively correct until the criteria are met.

[0076] Preferably, the present invention provides a schematic diagram of a horizontal loop heat pipe foundation layout suitable for buildings in permafrost regions, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 3 As shown.

[0077] Preferably, the adjustment of basic design parameters involves optimizing the foundation geometry and stiffness (increasing B, increasing...). t f Choose from options such as setting edges, ring beams, reducing eccentricity, foundation improvement (refilling, solidification, reinforcement) and edge difference control (local densification or stiffness enhancement in the edge area), and review the S6 criterion after each round of correction; finally output design parameters, bill of materials and key control indicators.

[0078] S7. Construction and Acceptance Outputs: Output the final construction layout drawings that meet the constraints, the design parameters of the horizontal loop heat pipe foundation, the bill of materials, the acceptance thresholds and key control indicators.

[0079] Preferably, the present invention provides a schematic cross-sectional view of a horizontal loop heat pipe foundation suitable for buildings in permafrost regions, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 4 As shown.

[0080] It should be noted that the order of the above embodiments is for descriptive convenience only and does not reflect the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. Furthermore, this specification only describes specific embodiments. Also, the processes shown in the accompanying drawings are not required to be executed in a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired effect. In some implementations, multitasking and parallel processing methods are also applicable and may bring benefits.

[0081] The present invention has provided a detailed description of a horizontal loop heat pipe foundation design method suitable for buildings in permafrost regions. Specific examples have been used to further illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the invention. It should be emphasized that the above embodiments are only intended to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, a series of improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. Such improvements and modifications based on the principles of the present invention should also be considered to fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for designing horizontal loop heat pipe foundations suitable for buildings in permafrost regions, characterized in that, include: S1. Obtain engineering climate and site parameters: freezing index FI Annual average ground temperature curve T ∞,z,t ; Soil layer thermal conductivity; Soil thermal conductivity anisotropy parameters k r , k z Soil thermal diffusivity α th Soil density ρ Specific heat of soil c Latent heat of soil L i Snow cover factor S cv Ice content S i Axial load Nk of the superstructure; Bending moment load Mk of the superstructure; Superstructure Structural shear load Vk; allowable deformation value S allow Allowable inclination rate i allow Allowable temperature difference threshold Δ T * Design Time Window t d ; S2. Basic Demand Side Calculation and Foundation Deformation Assessment: Calculate the effective freezing degree per day within the controlled soil volume Ω below the foundation. FI eff and basic cooling capacity requirements E req Assessing melt-settlement displacement S thaw With long-term creep rate S creep ; S3. Solving for horizontal loop heat pipe network layout parameters: Determine the length of the horizontal loop heat pipe using system constraints at a depth D below the foundation bottom. L h Horizontal spacing s h burial depth z Pipe diameter d and filling rate ϕ This allows the heat pipe system to... t d Internally satisfied: Temperature difference constraint Δ T ≤Δ T ∗ Two-phase stability constraint Λₕ≥γ Λ Cooling capacity constraints E cap ≥ E req ; S4. Foundation Structure Selection: Based on the site bearing capacity and the thickness of the active layer, select the foundation type and determine the set of foundation parameters linked to the thermal system under the temperature field boundary output in S3. S5. Manufacturing and Construction Accessibility and Safety Verification: Verify the pipe material and pressure rating, working fluid compatibility, minimum bending radius and connection process accessibility; verify total settlement. S ≤ S allow Inclination i ≤ i allow Allowable bearing capacity and overall anti-slip and anti-overturning safety factor; S6. Adjustment of basic design parameters: If either S3 or S4 criterion is not met, adjust the horizontal heat pipe arrangement parameters and basic parameters respectively within the allowable variable range, and iterate until the criterion is met. S7. Construction and Acceptance Output: Generates and uses the final construction layout drawing, horizontal loop heat pipe foundation parameter set and material list for construction layout and acceptance judgment, and provides acceptance thresholds and key control indicators to complete on-site layout and compliance judgment.

2. The method for designing horizontal loop heat pipe foundations suitable for buildings in permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The foundation type is determined according to the following rules: when the site's allowable bearing capacity... q allow ≥σ d / γ b And the thickness of the active layer H a ≤ H thr1， and satisfy S thaw ≤ S thaw,allow , S creep ≤ S creep,allow When choosing a basic level, select a simple one; when... H a ≥ H thr2 or q allow <σ d / γ b or S thaw > S thaw,allow When selecting a pile-raft foundation, the pile tip should be embedded in the permafrost layer to a depth of ≥1.5 m. Where, σ d The maximum design contact stress between the foundation bottom surface and the ground; γ b To bear the safety factor; S thaw,allow Allowable displacement for melting and settling; S creep,allow Allowable displacement for long-term creep; H thr1 , H thr2 The threshold for the active layer thickness is determined based on on-site calibration.

3. The method for designing a horizontal loop heat pipe foundation suitable for buildings in permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic parameters for the linkage of thermal systems include: foundation type, foundation width B, and foundation thickness t. f The foundation depth D, as well as the pile length, number of piles, and embedment depth.

4. The method for designing a horizontal loop heat pipe foundation suitable for buildings in permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Manufacturability verification includes: the pressure-bearing capacity of the selected pipes and fittings under design temperature and operating conditions is not lower than the expected maximum working pressure; there is no risk of adverse chemical reactions or stress corrosion between the working fluid and the pipes, welding materials, and seals during operation; the bending radius meets the space requirements for installation and return fluid channels; and the welding meets the specified level of non-destructive testing.

5. The method for designing a horizontal loop heat pipe foundation suitable for buildings in permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The working fluid of the horizontal loop heat pipe is ammonia or carbon dioxide; the pipe material is seamless stainless steel pipe.

6. The method for designing horizontal loop heat pipe foundations suitable for buildings in permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The deformation and tilt safety verification is calculated based on the freeze-thaw-mechanical coupling model.

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