Clamping stud load distribution calculation method based on centroid and plate heat exchanger

Abstract

The invention provides a centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method and a plate heat exchanger, and the method comprises the steps: connecting the axes of adjacent clamping studs on one side of a pressing plate along the axis to obtain a plurality of center lines, making a corresponding vertical bisector for each center line, and calculating the centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method. The plurality of vertical bisectors and axes divide the total hydraulic stress area into a plurality of sub-areas; calculating a first hydraulic distribution load of each clamping stud according to the area of each sub-region; on one side, along the axis, of one pressing plate, adjacent sub-areas form a merging area, the centroid of the merging area is calculated according to the merging area, and the centroid is connected with the axis of the clamping stud corresponding to the merging area to obtain a centroid line; a second hydraulically distributed load for each clamping stud is calculated based on the first hydraulically distributed load and the centroid line. According to the clamping stud load distribution calculation method and the plate heat exchanger provided by the invention, the load distribution of the clamping stud can be accurately calculated, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and safe operation of equipment is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of heat exchanger technology, and in particular to a method for calculating the load distribution of clamping studs based on centroid and a plate heat exchanger. Background Technology

[0002] A heat exchanger is a device that transfers part of the heat from a hot fluid to a cold fluid. It is widely used in chemical, petroleum, power, food and other fields. Plate heat exchangers are increasingly used in petrochemical, shipbuilding, machinery, power, new energy, alumina and heating fields due to their advantages such as high heat exchange efficiency, compact structure, flexible combination and convenient disassembly and maintenance.

[0003] In recent years, with the development of industrial systems towards larger scale, greater precision, and higher pressure, the design and manufacturing requirements for detachable plate heat exchangers have become increasingly stringent. Currently, the uneven load distribution of clamping studs in heat exchanger products is a significant problem, posing substantial safety hazards in the application of plate heat exchangers under high flow, high pressure, and harsh conditions. Clamping stud breakage, insufficient equipment lifespan, and product leakage are frequent occurrences, restricting their large-scale application in many demanding environments. Therefore, a simpler and more accurate method for calculating clamping stud load distribution is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to propose a centroid-based method for calculating the load distribution of clamping studs and a plate heat exchanger to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] The first aspect of this application provides a centroid-based method for calculating the load distribution of clamping studs, applied to a plate heat exchanger. The plate heat exchanger includes a pressure plate and multiple clamping studs. The pressure plate has multiple slots on its outer periphery, which mate with the clamping studs. The multiple slots are axially symmetrically distributed along an axis parallel to the length direction of the pressure plate. The pressure plate has a total hydraulic stress zone inside. The centroid-based method for calculating the load distribution of clamping studs includes: connecting the centers of adjacent clamping studs along one side of the pressure plate along the axis to obtain multiple centerlines; drawing a corresponding perpendicular bisector for each centerline; and using the multiple perpendicular bisectors and the axis to distribute the total hydraulic stress zone. The force distribution area is divided into multiple sub-regions, and each sub-region corresponds to a slot. A first hydraulic distribution load is calculated for each clamping stud based on the area of ​​each sub-region, wherein the first hydraulic distribution load is positively correlated with the area of ​​the sub-region corresponding to the clamping stud. On one side of the clamping plate along the axis, adjacent sub-regions form a merged area. The centroid of this merged area is calculated, and a centroidal line is obtained by connecting the centroid to the axis of the clamping stud corresponding to the merged area. A second hydraulic distribution load is calculated for each clamping stud based on the first hydraulic distribution load and the centroidal line, wherein the second hydraulic distribution load is negatively correlated with the length of the centroidal line corresponding to the clamping stud.

[0006] Furthermore, the first hydraulic distribution load W of each of the clamping studs i =A i ×P, where A i The area of ​​the sub-region corresponding to each clamping stud, where P is the design pressure.

[0007] Further, the merged region includes a first sub-region and a second sub-region, the centroid lines include a first centroid line passing through the first sub-region and a second centroid line passing through the second sub-region, and the second distributed load W of the clamping stud corresponding to the first sub-region... j1 =(W i1 +W i2 )×D j2 / (D j1 +D j2 The second sub-region corresponds to the second distributed load W of the clamping stud. j2 =(W i1 +W i2 )×D j1 / (D j1 +D j2 ), where W i1 For the first hydraulic distribution load corresponding to the first sub-region, W i2For the first hydraulic distribution load corresponding to the second sub-region, D j1 D is the length of the first centroidal line. j2 is the length of the second centroidal line.

[0008] Furthermore, along the axial direction, each clamping stud at the beginning and end corresponds to one merging region, and each clamping stud excluding the beginning and end corresponds to two overlapping merging regions; the final second hydraulic distribution load W of each clamping stud excluding the beginning and end... j =(W j2_1 +W j1_2 ) / 2, where W j2_1 For the clamping stud, the second hydraulic distribution load calculated according to the first merged region, W j1_2 The second hydraulic distribution load is calculated for the clamping stud based on the second merged region.

[0009] Furthermore, the centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method further includes: calculating the sum of the second hydraulic distribution load of all the clamping studs, subtracting the total hydraulic clamping load of the multiple clamping studs from the sum to obtain a difference; and correcting the second hydraulic distribution load according to the difference to obtain the third hydraulic distribution load of each clamping stud.

[0010] Furthermore, the total hydraulic clamping load W of the plurality of clamping studs z1 =A z ×P, where A z The area of ​​the total hydraulic stress zone is given by P, where P is the design pressure; the third hydraulic load distribution W... k =W j -Q / n, where Q is the difference and n is the number of clamping studs.

[0011] Furthermore, the heat exchange plate is provided with corner holes at its corners, and the nominal diameter of the corner holes is greater than or equal to 300 mm.

[0012] Furthermore, a sealing gasket is provided on the outer periphery of the total hydraulic stress zone. The centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method further includes: calculating the gasket distribution load of each clamping stud based on the length of the sealing gasket corresponding to each sub-zone, wherein the gasket distribution load W p =d i ×b×m×P, where d i b is the length of the sealing gasket corresponding to each sub-region, b is the effective sealing width of the sealing gasket, and m is the gasket coefficient of the sealing gasket.

[0013] Furthermore, the centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method further includes: calculating the final distributed load of each clamping stud based on the gasket distributed load and the second hydraulic distributed load, wherein the final distributed load W z =W j +W p Alternatively, the final distributed load W for each clamping stud can be calculated based on the gasket distributed load and the third hydraulic distributed load. z =W k +W p .

[0014] A second aspect of this application provides a plate heat exchanger, including a pressure plate and a plurality of clamping studs, wherein the load of each clamping stud is calculated according to the centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method described in the first aspect above.

[0015] A third aspect of this application provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method described in the first aspect above.

[0016] As can be seen from the above, this application provides a centroid-based method for calculating the load distribution of clamping studs and a plate heat exchanger. The method includes: connecting the axes of adjacent clamping studs along one side of a clamping plate to obtain multiple center lines; drawing a corresponding perpendicular bisector for each center line; dividing the total hydraulic stress area into multiple sub-regions by the multiple perpendicular bisectors and the axis, with each sub-region corresponding to a slot; calculating the first hydraulic distribution load for each clamping stud based on the area of ​​each sub-region, wherein the first hydraulic distribution load is positively correlated with the area of ​​the sub-region corresponding to the clamping stud; merging adjacent sub-regions into a merged area along one side of a clamping plate, calculating its centroid based on the merged area, and connecting the centroid with the axis of the clamping stud corresponding to the merged area to obtain a centroidal line; calculating the second hydraulic distribution load for each clamping stud based on the first hydraulic distribution load and the centroidal line, wherein the second hydraulic distribution load is negatively correlated with the length of the centroidal line corresponding to the clamping stud. By dividing the system into sub-regions and corresponding them to slots, the first hydraulic load distribution for each clamping stud is allocated according to its area. The sub-regions are then combined into a merged region, and the centroid is calculated. Connecting the centroid to the axis yields the centroidal line. The first hydraulic load distribution is adjusted according to the length of this centroidal line to distribute the second hydraulic load distribution for each clamping stud. Testing shows that this method significantly improves the accuracy of load distribution compared to the traditional load-equalizing method and greatly reduces the computational load compared to finite element analysis. This centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method and plate heat exchanger are simple and convenient, accurately calculating the load distribution for clamping studs, reducing manufacturing costs, and ensuring safe equipment operation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method in an embodiment of this application.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a plate heat exchanger in an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the pressure plate of a plate heat exchanger.

[0021] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the heat exchange plate structure of a plate heat exchanger.

[0022] Figure 5 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the sealing gasket structure of a plate heat exchanger.

[0023] Figure 6 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the principle of dividing the medium-pressure plate based on its area.

[0024] Figure 7 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the principle of dividing the intermediate pressure plate based on its centroid.

[0025] Figure 8 for Figure 5 The middle sealing gasket is based on Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating the principle of dividing the neutron region.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Reference numerals: 1. Pressure plate; 1-1. Slot; 1-2. Hanging hole; 1-3. Stress zone; 1-4. Corner hole; 2. Clamping stud; 3. Guide rod; 4. Heat exchange plate; 5. Sealing gasket; 50. Second sealing zone. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0029] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this application should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in the embodiments of this application do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word covers the element or object listed following the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0030] Traditionally, the design method for clamping studs generally follows the uniformly distributed load model for circular flanges in section 9.5.2 of GB / T150.3, a method known as the uniform load method. For the rectangular clamping plates of large plate heat exchangers, this method ensures that each clamping stud bears the same load. In the past, this design rarely resulted in quality issues in smaller-scale applications with lower pressure requirements. However, in some applications such as petrochemicals and nuclear power, the required corner hole size of heat exchangers exceeds DN500, the single-unit assembly area jumps to over 4000 m², and the maximum design pressure increases to 3.6 MPa. This places increasingly higher demands on the pressure-bearing capacity and operational safety of large plate heat exchangers.

[0031] Traditional calculation methods ignore the fact that the position, number, and spacing of the clamping studs of the rectangular pressure plate are non-uniform. According to traditional calculation methods, stress concentration problems will occur in the clamping studs, which may cause local overload, insufficient life of the clamping studs, or even leakage accidents, threatening the continuous safe operation of the equipment.

[0032] In the process of developing this application, it was discovered that the clamping plate of a plate heat exchanger is generally rectangular in structure, with four corner holes distributed near the four corners at the top and bottom. Flanges or connecting pipes are located around the corner holes. To avoid interference between the peripheral clamping studs and the corner hole flanges or connecting pipes, the spacing of the clamping studs on the shorter side near the corner holes is typically different from that of the other clamping studs (see [link to application]). Figure 3 Meanwhile, due to the presence of connecting guide rods and reserved lifting holes, the long and short sides of the clamping plate often have differences in distance or distribution spacing from the internal stress area. The clamping studs are affected by the layout position, spacing, and length-to-width ratio of the clamping plate, resulting in uneven stress distribution. This leads to some clamping studs not actually bearing the standard stress requirements, or there is an excessive amount of local design margin, resulting in cost waste.

[0033] In some technologies, the finite element method (FEM) is used to calculate the load on clamping studs in such cases. FEM is a numerical analysis method based on mathematical approximation that discretizes a continuous physical system into a finite number of interconnected elements to simulate and solve complex engineering problems. While FEM provides relatively accurate results, it places very high demands on modeling, requiring the calculation of various parameters and boundary conditions. This results in enormous computational resource consumption, is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly, making it unsuitable for routine calculations. Therefore, a simpler and more accurate method is needed.

[0034] The influence of the area of ​​the pressure plate's stress zone and the centroid distribution on the clamping stud load can be considered. From this perspective, a new method for calculating the load distribution of clamping studs can be designed to simplify the calculation process, improve the accuracy of load distribution calculation, and reduce manufacturing costs.

[0035] The following describes specific embodiments in conjunction with... Figures 1 to 9 The technical solution of this application will be described in detail below.

[0036] Some embodiments of this application provide a method for calculating the load distribution of clamping studs based on area, applicable to plate heat exchangers, such as... Figure 2 The diagram shows a schematic of a plate heat exchanger. The plate heat exchanger includes a pressure plate and multiple clamping studs. The pressure plate includes a fixed pressure plate and a movable pressure plate. Multiple stacked heat exchange plates are arranged between the fixed and movable pressure plates. The structure of the heat exchange plates is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, a sealing gasket is provided between adjacent heat exchange plates. The structure of the sealing gasket is as follows: Figure 5 As shown; a guide rod and clamping studs connect the fixed clamping plate and the movable clamping plate, and the heat exchange plate is suspended on the guide rod.

[0037] like Figure 3 The diagram shows the structure of the clamping plate. Hanging holes are located on the top of both sides of the clamping plate for transferring it. Insertion holes for guide rods are also located on the top and bottom of the clamping plate. Multiple slots, for example, 12 slots, are provided on the outer periphery of the clamping plate. Each slot mates with a clamping stud. These slots are axially symmetrically distributed along an axis parallel to the length of the clamping plate; line L in the diagram represents this axis. Figure 3 As shown, the clamping plate has a total hydraulic stress zone inside, which is the total area where all clamping studs need to bear hydraulic pressure, including the corner hole area, the flow guiding area, and the heat exchange area. The edge of the total hydraulic stress zone corresponds to the outer periphery of the sealing gasket. Tightening the clamping studs is mainly to prevent leakage in the stress zone.

[0038] The area-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method includes the following steps: S1' On one side of the clamping plate along the axis, a plurality of center lines are obtained by connecting the axes of adjacent clamping studs. A corresponding perpendicular bisector is made for each center line. The plurality of perpendicular bisectors and the axis divide the total hydraulic force area into a plurality of sub-regions, and the sub-regions are set one-to-one with the slots.

[0039] Because the clamping studs of the pressure plate are axially symmetrically distributed, the calculation can be performed on only one side, while the other side has the same distribution, which simplifies the calculation.

[0040] like Figure 6As shown, in the left side region of the clamping plate, there are six clamping studs, L1-L6. Due to factors such as the distribution of corner holes and the length-to-width ratio, the spacing and position of the clamping studs cannot be completely uniform. The force-bearing areas of the clamping studs are different. For clamping studs L1 or L6, because they are far from the edge of the sealing gasket and the force-bearing area distributed along the width direction of the clamping plate is narrow, the hydraulic force-bearing area that directly acts on them is very small, so their allocated hydraulic load is very small. For L3 or L4, because their spacing along the length direction of the clamping plate is larger, their hydraulic force-bearing area is larger, and their allocated hydraulic load is also larger.

[0041] Based on this, five center lines are obtained by connecting the axes of the adjacent clamping studs on the left. The midpoints H1-H5 of each center line are found, and a perpendicular bisector is drawn at each midpoint. The perpendicular bisector divides the left side into six sub-regions A1-A6, with each sub-region corresponding to a clamping stud, so as to perform subsequent hydraulic load calculations.

[0042] S2' Calculate the first hydraulic distribution load for each clamping stud based on the area of ​​each sub-region, wherein the first hydraulic distribution load is positively correlated with the area of ​​the sub-region corresponding to the clamping stud.

[0043] The first hydraulic load W for each clamping stud can be set. i =A i ×P, in units of N, where A i The area of ​​the sub-region corresponding to each clamping stud can be obtained through simple calculation, where P is the design pressure, which can be obtained in advance according to design requirements. For clamping stud L1, its first hydraulic distribution load W1 = A1 × P z This process continues, ensuring that the first hydraulic distribution load on the clamping stud is positively correlated with the area of ​​the sub-region corresponding to that clamping stud. All first hydraulic distribution loads, i.e., the total hydraulic clamping load W corresponding to the total hydraulic force-bearing area, are... z1 .

[0044] By dividing the area into sub-regions and corresponding them to slots, the hydraulic load of the corresponding clamping studs is distributed according to the area size. Tests have shown that this method can greatly improve the accuracy of the distribution compared to the load sharing method in traditional technology, and can greatly reduce the amount of calculation compared to the finite element analysis method.

[0045] The area-based load distribution calculation method for clamping studs is called the area method. This method is simple and convenient, and can accurately calculate the load distribution of clamping studs, reduce manufacturing costs, and ensure the safe operation of equipment.

[0046] In some embodiments of this application, a method for calculating the load distribution of clamping studs based on centroid is provided, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps: S1. On one side of the clamping plate along the axis, the axes of adjacent clamping studs are connected to obtain multiple center lines. A corresponding perpendicular bisector is made for each center line. The multiple perpendicular bisectors and the axis divide the total hydraulic force area into multiple sub-regions, and the sub-regions are set one-to-one with the slots.

[0047] S2. Calculate the first hydraulic distribution load for each clamping stud based on the area of ​​each sub-region, wherein the first hydraulic distribution load is positively correlated with the area of ​​the sub-region corresponding to the clamping stud.

[0048] Steps S1-S2 are the same as the aforementioned steps S1'-S2', and the effects will not be repeated here.

[0049] S3. On one side of the clamping plate along the axis, the adjacent sub-regions form a merged area. The centroid of the merged area is calculated, and the centroid line is obtained by connecting the centroid with the axis of the clamping stud corresponding to the merged area.

[0050] After obtaining the first hydraulic load distribution, the hydraulic load distribution method can be further adjusted, for example, by taking into account the influence of the centroid of the force zone, in order to improve the accuracy of load distribution.

[0051] like Figure 7 As shown, in Figure 6 Based on this, we continue to consider the influence of the centroid, and combine adjacent sub-regions to form merged regions A1+A2, A3+A4, A5+A6, etc. The merged region includes the first sub-region and the second sub-region. For the merged region A1+A2, the first sub-region is A1 and the second sub-region is A2. Calculate the centroid C1 of the merged region, and connect the centroid C1 with the axis of the clamping studs L1 and L2 corresponding to the merged region to obtain two centroid lines D11 and D12. The centroid lines include the first centroid line passing through the first sub-region and the second centroid line passing through the second sub-region. For the merged region, the first centroid line is D11 and the second centroid line is D12.

[0052] S4. Calculate the second hydraulic distribution load for each clamping stud based on the first hydraulic distribution load and the centroid line, wherein the second hydraulic distribution load is negatively correlated with the length of the centroid line corresponding to the clamping stud.

[0053] The second hydraulic load distribution W of the clamping stud corresponding to the first sub-region j1 =(W i1 +W i2 )×D j2 / (D j1 +D j2 The unit is N, and the second hydraulic distribution load W of the clamping stud corresponding to the second sub-region is...j2 =(W i1 +W i2 )×D j1 / (D j1 +D j2 ), in units of N, where W i1 W is the first hydraulic load distribution for the first sub-region. i2 For the first hydraulic load distribution corresponding to the second sub-region, D j1 D is the length of the first centroid. j2 The length of the second centroid line. For example, for the merged region A1+A2, the second hydraulic distribution load W of the clamping stud L1. j1 =(W i1 +W i2 )×D12 / (D11+D12), the second hydraulic distribution load W of the clamping stud L2 j2 =(W i1 +W i2 ()×D11 / (D11+D12). And so on, so that the second hydraulic distribution load of the clamping stud is negatively correlated with the length of the centroid line corresponding to the clamping stud.

[0054] By dividing the area into sub-regions and corresponding them to slots, the first hydraulic load distribution for each clamping stud is allocated according to its area. Adjacent sub-regions are then combined into a merged region, and the centroid is calculated. Connecting the centroid to the axis yields the centroidal line. The first load distribution is adjusted according to the length of this centroidal line to distribute the second hydraulic load distribution for each clamping stud. Testing shows that this method significantly improves the accuracy of load distribution compared to the traditional load-equalizing method and greatly reduces the computational load compared to the finite element analysis method.

[0055] The centroid-based method for calculating the load distribution of clamping studs is called the centroid method. This method is simple and convenient, and can accurately calculate the load distribution of clamping studs, reduce manufacturing costs, and ensure the safe operation of equipment.

[0056] In some embodiments, along the axial direction, each clamping stud located at the beginning and end corresponds to one merging region, and each clamping stud excluding the beginning and end corresponds to two overlapping merging regions; the final second distributed load W of each clamping stud excluding the beginning and end... j =(W j2_1 +W j1_2 ) / 2, in N, where W j2_1 For the clamping stud, the second hydraulic distribution load calculated according to the first merged region, W j1_2 The second hydraulic distribution load is calculated for the clamping stud based on the second merged region.

[0057] like Figure 7As shown, clamping studs L1 and L6 can correspond to only one merging region. For example, L1 corresponds to merging region A1+A2, and L6 corresponds to merging region A5+A6. However, other clamping studs can correspond to two overlapping merging regions. For example, L2 corresponds to merging region A1+A2 and merging region A2+A3. In this case, the second hydraulic distribution load of the clamping stud in each merging region can be calculated using the centroid method described above. Then, after averaging, the final second hydraulic distribution load, i.e., the final second hydraulic distribution load W, can be obtained. j =(W j2_1 +W j1_2 ) / 2, where W j2_1 For the clamping stud, the second hydraulic distribution load calculated based on the first merging region, W j1_2 The second hydraulic load is calculated for the clamping stud based on the second merging region.

[0058] For example, for clamping stud L2, W j =(W j2_1 +W j1_2 ) / 2, where the clamping stud is calculated based on the second hydraulic distribution load W according to the merged region A1+A2. j2_1 =(W i1 +W i2 The clamping stud is calculated as )×D11 / (D11+D12), which represents the second hydraulic load W distributed according to the combined region A2+A3. j1_2 =(W i3 +W i4 )×D22 / (D21+D22), to take into account the influence of adjacent sub-regions on the clamping stud load.

[0059] In some embodiments, the centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method further includes: S5. Calculate the sum of the second hydraulic distribution load of all the clamping studs, and subtract the total hydraulic clamping load of the multiple clamping studs from the sum to obtain the difference.

[0060] S6. Based on the difference, correct the second hydraulic distribution load to obtain the third hydraulic distribution load for each clamping stud.

[0061] Calculating the second hydraulic distribution load for each clamping stud using the centroid method described above and summing the results may result in a discrepancy between the sum and the total hydraulic clamping load. To address this, the centroid method is modified, referred to as the centroid correction method. The difference Q is obtained by subtracting the total hydraulic clamping load from the sum, and the third hydraulic distribution load W of the clamping stud is then calculated. k =W j-Q / n, in N, where n is the total number of clamping studs. This calculation sums the third hydraulic load distribution for each clamping stud, resulting in a total hydraulic clamping load equal to the design requirements.

[0062] In some embodiments, the heat exchange plate is provided with corner holes at its corners, and the nominal diameter of the corner holes is greater than or equal to 300 mm.

[0063] The nominal diameter of the corner hole is, for example, 300mm, 350mm, 400mm or 450mm. Experimental tests have shown that when the corner hole size is greater than or equal to 300mm, the accuracy of the clamping stud load distribution calculated using the centroid method is significantly better than that calculated using the area method.

[0064] It is important to note that the thickness of the clamping plate using both the centroid method and the area method meets the calculation requirements of GB / T150.3, section 7.9.4. The plate exhibits moderate stiffness and low deflection. The clamping studs primarily bear tensile stress, while bending stress is negligible. The clamping studs are distributed along the outer perimeter of the clamping plate, and the interior of the clamping plate bears a closed, continuous, uniformly distributed load. The clamping studs are symmetrically arranged along the longitudinal centerline, and the stress-bearing area of ​​the clamping plate is symmetrically distributed along the longitudinal centerline.

[0065] In some embodiments, the centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method further includes: S7. Calculate the gasket distribution load for each clamping stud based on the length of the sealing gasket corresponding to each sub-region, wherein the gasket distribution load is positively correlated with the length of the sealing gasket corresponding to the clamping stud.

[0066] In plate heat exchangers, clamping studs need to withstand not only hydraulic loads but also the loads from clamping gaskets. Related technologies calculate the gasket load distribution for each clamping stud based on an average value, which is inaccurate. This embodiment utilizes the aforementioned sub-regions to distribute the gasket load. The length of the gasket corresponding to each clamping stud in its respective sub-region is different, such as... Figure 8 As shown, ignoring the influence of the gasket in the inner second sealing zone 50, the outer perimeter lengths of the six sub-zones A1-A6 corresponding to the sealing gasket are d1-d6 respectively. The gasket load distribution can be set to be positively correlated with the length of the sealing gasket corresponding to the clamping stud. For example, the gasket load distribution W for each clamping stud can be... p =d i ×b×m×P, in N, where d iLet b be the length of the sealing gasket corresponding to each sub-zone, b be the effective sealing width of the sealing gasket, and m be the gasket coefficient of the sealing gasket. By dividing the area into sub-zones and corresponding them to slots, the gasket load of the corresponding clamping studs is distributed according to the length of the sealing gasket corresponding to each sub-zone. Tests have shown that this method significantly improves the accuracy of the distribution compared to the traditional load-equalizing method and greatly reduces the computational load compared to the finite element analysis method. The total gasket clamping load W corresponding to the entire sealing gasket is the total gasket clamping load for the entire sealing gasket. z2 .

[0067] S8. Calculate the final distributed load W for each clamping stud based on the gasket distributed load and the second hydraulic distributed load. z =W j +W p Alternatively, the final distributed load W for each clamping stud can be calculated based on the gasket distributed load and the third hydraulic distributed load. z =W k +W p .

[0068] After obtaining the shim distribution load, the final distribution load of each clamping stud can be calculated. The final distribution load is the sum of the second or third hydraulic distribution load and the shim distribution load. This method can also verify the frame with standard design calculations and completed clamping stud placement, ensuring that each clamping stud meets standard requirements, improving design reliability, and guaranteeing the safety of equipment operation. Furthermore, by effectively identifying uneven distribution of clamping studs, the clamping stud layout can be optimized, such as by reducing the diameter or number of clamping studs, thus saving product manufacturing costs.

[0069] It should be noted that the total hydraulic clamping load of the plate heat exchanger can be obtained by summing the first or third hydraulic distribution load of all clamping studs, the total gasket clamping load of the plate heat exchanger can be obtained by summing the gasket distribution load of all clamping studs, and the total clamping load of the plate heat exchanger can be obtained by summing the total gasket clamping load and the total hydraulic clamping load.

[0070] According to standard GB / T150.3, the calculation of the total clamping load generally involves first calculating the minimum clamping load of multiple clamping studs in the pre-tightened state of the plate heat exchanger; then calculating the minimum clamping load of multiple clamping studs in the operating state of the plate heat exchanger; comparing the two minimum clamping loads, and using the smaller minimum clamping load as the total clamping load. The minimum clamping load W of the multiple clamping studs in the pre-tightened state of the plate heat exchanger is... m2=3.14b×G×y, in N, where G is the diameter of the gasket at the location of the reaction load, y is the pressure ratio of the gasket, and W is the minimum clamping load of multiple clamping studs under operating conditions. m1 =W z1 +W z2 The units are N and W. z1 W is the total hydraulic clamping load. z2 For the total shim clamping load, W z1 =A z ×P, in units of N, where A z W represents the total area of ​​the hydraulically stressed zone. z2 =d z ×b×m×P, in N, where d z This is the total outer circumference length of the sealing gasket. However, because W... m2 Typically less than W m1 Therefore, the numerical comparison process can be ignored here, and the minimum clamping load of multiple clamping studs in the operating state is used as the total clamping load.

[0071] In some embodiments, the centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method further includes: S9. Calculate the final tensile stress F of each clamping stud based on the final distributed load. z =W z / s, in MPa, where s is the design cross-sectional area of ​​the clamping stud.

[0072] After obtaining the final load distribution, the tensile stress of each clamping stud can be calculated, where the design cross-sectional area can be obtained according to design requirements. The tensile stress can then be compared with the allowable stress in relevant standards to determine if it meets the requirements. For example, if the tensile stress exceeds the allowable stress range, the clamping stud needs to be adjusted to meet the stress range requirements.

[0073] In some embodiments, the centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method further includes: S9. Calculate the design diameter of each clamping stud based on the final distributed load. Where S is the allowable stress of the clamping stud material, in MPa.

[0074] S10. Calculate the actual diameter of the clamping stud based on the design diameter, wherein the actual diameter is greater than the design diameter.

[0075] After obtaining the final load distribution, the design diameter of each clamping stud can be calculated, where the allowable stress of the clamping stud material can be obtained in advance. The obtained design diameter is the minimum design diameter of the clamping stud. Based on the design diameter, it can help select the actual clamping stud, for example, selecting a clamping stud with an actual diameter slightly larger than the design diameter, thus meeting the clamping requirements while reducing costs.

[0076] Comparative Example 1 The hydraulic distribution load of clamping studs in a plate heat exchanger with a corner hole size of 100mm was calculated using the finite element method. Five clamping studs are located on one side of the clamping plate, and the material of the clamping studs is 35CrMo. The hydraulic distribution load W of each clamping stud was calculated. y To facilitate data display, the hydraulic tensile stress F of each clamping stud is further calculated. y =W y / s, where s is the design cross-sectional area of ​​the clamping stud and the design radius of the clamping stud is 31.67mm.

[0077] Comparative Example 2 The hydraulic distribution load of the clamping studs of the plate heat exchanger in Comparative Example 1 is calculated according to the load distribution method in Section 9.5.2 of standard GB / T150.3. First, the total hydraulic clamping load W of all clamping studs is calculated. z1 =A z ×P, then calculate the hydraulic load distribution W for each clamping stud. x =W z1 For easier data display, the hydraulic tensile stress F of each clamping stud is further calculated. x =W x / s.

[0078] Example 1 The first hydraulic distribution load W of the clamping stud of the plate heat exchanger in Comparative Example 1 is calculated using the aforementioned area method. i The areas of the five sub-regions are 16461 mm², respectively. 2 55714mm 2 55714mm 2 55714mm 2 and 16815mm 2 Similarly, to facilitate data display, the hydraulic tensile stress F of each clamping stud is further calculated. i =W i / s.

[0079] Example 2 The second hydraulic distribution load W of the clamping stud of the plate heat exchanger in Comparative Example 1 is calculated using the aforementioned centroid method. jThe lengths of the eight centroids are 302.13 mm, 147.85 mm, 211.32 mm, 211.32 mm, 211.32 mm, 149.84 mm, and 300.79 mm, respectively. For easier data display, the hydraulic tensile stress F of each clamping stud is further calculated. j =W j / s.

[0080] Example 3 The third hydraulic distribution load W of the clamping stud of the plate heat exchanger in Comparative Example 1 is calculated using the aforementioned centroid correction method. k Similarly, to facilitate data display, the hydraulic tensile stress F of each clamping stud is further calculated. k =W k / s.

[0081] Table 1 Calculation of Hydraulic Tensile Stress

[0082] Table 2. Hydraulic Tensile Stress Error Table

[0083] The hydraulic tensile stress data of Comparative Examples 1-2 and Examples 1-3 are shown in Table 1. Based on the data of the finite element analysis method, the errors of the hydraulic tensile stress data obtained by other methods are calculated respectively. The results are shown in Table 2. It can be seen that the error of the uniform load method is very large, while the errors of the area method, centroid method and centroid correction method are smaller. Among them, the area method is closest to the finite element analysis method.

[0084] Table 3 Calculation of Final Tensile Stress

[0085] Table 4 Final Tensile Stress Error Table

[0086] Based on this, the final distributed load of each clamping stud is calculated for the plate heat exchanger with a corner hole size of 100mm. The final distributed load is the sum of the hydraulic distributed load and the gasket distributed load. For finite element analysis, the gasket distributed load W of each clamping stud also needs to be calculated separately according to the finite element principle. p Then calculate the final distributed load W. z For the uniform load method, it is necessary to calculate the total shim clamping load W. z2 =d z ×b×m×P, then calculate the load distribution W of each clamping stud gasket. p =W z2 / n, then calculate the final distributed load W zFor the area method, centroid method, and centroid correction method, the shim load W for each clamping stud is first calculated according to the aforementioned sub-region division. p =d i ×b×m×P, where the corresponding rubber pad lengths are 2648.6mm, 2816.4mm, 2817mm, 2817mm and 2670.6mm, respectively. Then calculate the final distributed load W. z Similarly, to facilitate data display, the final tensile stress F of each clamping stud is further calculated. z =W z The final tensile stress data obtained is shown in Table 3. Based on the data obtained by the finite element analysis method, the errors of the final tensile stress data obtained by other methods are calculated, and the results are shown in Table 4. It can also be seen that the error of the uniform load method is very large, while the errors of the area method, centroid method and centroid correction method are smaller. Among them, the area method is closest to the finite element analysis method.

[0087] Table 5 Calculation of Hydraulic Tensile Stress

[0088] Table 6. Hydraulic Tensile Stress Error Table

[0089] The hydraulic load distribution of clamping studs was calculated for a plate heat exchanger with a corner hole size of 250mm according to the same standard. There are 6 clamping studs on one side of the clamping plate. The hydraulic tensile stress data obtained are shown in Table 5. Based on the data of finite element analysis, the error of hydraulic tensile stress data obtained by other methods was calculated. The results are shown in Table 6. It can be seen that the error of the uniform load method is very large, while the errors of the area method, centroid method and centroid correction method are smaller. Among them, the area method is closest to the finite element analysis method.

[0090] Table 7 Calculation of Final Tensile Stress

[0091] Table 8 Final Tensile Stress Error Table

[0092] Based on this, the final distributed load W for each clamping stud is calculated for this plate heat exchanger with a corner hole size of 250mm. z That is, the sum of the hydraulic distribution load and the shim distribution load. For easier data display, the final tensile stress F of each clamping stud is further calculated. z =W zThe final tensile stress data obtained is shown in Table 7. Based on the data obtained by the finite element analysis method, the errors of the final tensile stress data obtained by other methods are calculated, and the results are shown in Table 8. It can also be seen that the error of the uniform load method is very large, while the errors of the area method, centroid method and centroid correction method are smaller. Among them, the area method is closest to the finite element analysis method.

[0093] Table 9 Calculation of Hydraulic Tensile Stress

[0094] Table 10 Tensile Stress Error Table

[0095] The hydraulic load on the clamping studs of a plate heat exchanger with a corner hole size of 350mm was calculated according to the same standard. There are 8 clamping studs on one side of the clamping plate. The hydraulic tensile stress data obtained are shown in Table 9. Based on the data of finite element analysis, the error of hydraulic tensile stress data obtained by other methods was calculated. The results are shown in Table 10. It can be seen that the error of the uniform load method is very large, while the errors of the area method, centroid method and centroid correction method are smaller. However, the centroid method and centroid correction method are better than the area method.

[0096] Table 11 Calculation of Final Tensile Stress

[0097] Table 12 Final Tensile Stress Error Table

[0098] Based on this, the final distributed load W for each clamping stud is calculated for this plate heat exchanger with a corner hole size of 350mm. z That is, the sum of the hydraulic distribution load and the shim distribution load. For easier data display, the final tensile stress F of each clamping stud is further calculated. z =W z The final tensile stress data obtained is shown in Table 11. Based on the data obtained by the finite element analysis method, the errors of the final tensile stress data obtained by other methods are calculated, and the results are shown in Table 12. It can also be seen that the error of the uniform load method is very large, while the errors of the area method, centroid method and centroid correction method are smaller. However, the centroid method and centroid correction method are better than the area method.

[0099] Table 13 Calculation Table of Hydraulic Tensile Stress

[0100] Table 14 Hydraulic Tensile Stress Error Table

[0101] The hydraulic load on the clamping studs of a plate heat exchanger with a corner hole size of 450mm was calculated according to the same standard. There are 7 clamping studs on one side of the clamping plate. The hydraulic tensile stress data obtained are shown in Table 13. Based on the data of the finite element analysis method, the error of the hydraulic tensile stress data obtained by other methods was calculated. The results are shown in Table 14. It can be seen that the error of the uniform load method is very large, while the errors of the area method, centroid method and centroid correction method are smaller. However, the centroid method and centroid correction method are better than the area method.

[0102] Table 15 Calculation of Final Tensile Stress

[0103] Table 16 Final Tensile Stress Error Table

[0104] Based on this, the final distributed load W for each clamping stud is calculated for the plate heat exchanger with a corner hole size of 450mm. z That is, the sum of the hydraulic distribution load and the shim distribution load. For easier data display, the final tensile stress F of each clamping stud is further calculated. z =W z The final tensile stress data obtained is shown in Table 15. Based on the data obtained by the finite element analysis method, the errors of the final tensile stress data obtained by other methods are calculated, and the results are shown in Table 16. It can also be seen that the error of the uniform load method is very large, while the errors of the area method, centroid method and centroid correction method are smaller. However, the centroid method and centroid correction method are better than the area method.

[0105] It should be noted that the method in this embodiment can be executed by a single device, such as a computer or server. The method can also be applied in a distributed scenario, where multiple devices cooperate to complete the task. In such a distributed scenario, one of these devices may execute only one or more steps of the method in this embodiment, and the multiple devices will interact with each other to complete the method described.

[0106] It should be noted that the above description describes some embodiments of this application. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recorded in the claims can be performed in a different order than that shown in the above embodiments and still achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0107] In some embodiments of this application, a plate heat exchanger is provided, including a pressure plate and a plurality of clamping studs, wherein the load of each clamping stud is calculated according to the centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0108] The clamping plate includes a fixed clamping plate and a movable clamping plate. Multiple stacked heat exchange plates are arranged between the fixed and movable clamping plates, and sealing gaskets are provided between adjacent heat exchange plates. A guide rod and clamping studs connect the fixed and movable clamping plates, and the heat exchange plates are suspended on the guide rod. This plate heat exchanger exhibits good stability and low manufacturing cost.

[0109] The various embodiments in this application are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0110] The description in this application is given for illustrative purposes and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the application to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described to better illustrate the principles and practical application of this application and to enable those skilled in the art to understand this application and design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

[0111] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of this application (including the claims) is limited to these examples; within the framework of this application, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of the embodiments of this application as described above, which are not provided in the details for the sake of brevity.

[0112] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to the methods of any of the above embodiments, this application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements the centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0113] Figure 9 This embodiment illustrates a more specific hardware structure of an electronic device, which may include a processor 1010, a memory 1020, an input / output interface 1030, a communication interface 1040, and a bus 1050. The processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, and communication interface 1040 are interconnected internally via the bus 1050.

[0114] The processor 1010 can be implemented using a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification.

[0115] The memory 1020 can be implemented in the form of ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), static storage device, dynamic storage device, etc. The memory 1020 can store the operating system and other applications. When the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are implemented by software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 1020 and is called and executed by the processor 1010.

[0116] The input / output interface 1030 is used to connect input / output modules to realize information input and output. The input / output modules can be configured as components within the device (not shown in the figure) or externally connected to the device to provide corresponding functions. The input devices can include keyboards, mice, touchscreens, microphones, various sensors, etc., and the output devices can include displays, speakers, vibrators, indicator lights, etc.

[0117] The communication interface 1040 is used to connect a communication module (not shown in the figure) to enable communication between this device and other devices. The communication module can communicate via wired means (e.g., USB, Ethernet cable, etc.) or wireless means (e.g., mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.).

[0118] Bus 1050 includes a pathway for transmitting information between various components of the device, such as processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, and communication interface 1040.

[0119] It should be noted that although the above-described device only shows the processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, communication interface 1040, and bus 1050, in specific implementations, the device may also include other components necessary for normal operation. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described device may only include the components necessary for implementing the embodiments of this specification, and not necessarily all the components shown in the figures.

[0120] The electronic device described above is used to implement the centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method in any of the foregoing embodiments, and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0121] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of this application (including the claims) is limited to these examples; within the framework of this application, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of the embodiments of this application as described above, which are not provided in the details for the sake of brevity.

[0122] Additionally, to simplify the description and discussion, and to avoid obscuring the embodiments of this application, the well-known power / ground connections to integrated circuit (IC) chips and other components may or may not be shown in the provided drawings. Furthermore, the apparatus may be shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the embodiments of this application, and this also takes into account the fact that the details of the implementation of these block diagram apparatuses are highly dependent on the platform on which the embodiments of this application will be implemented (i.e., these details should be fully understood by those skilled in the art). While specific details (e.g., circuits) have been set forth to describe exemplary embodiments of this application, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments of this application can be implemented without these specific details or with variations thereof. Therefore, these descriptions should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0123] Although this application has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, many substitutions, modifications, and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. For example, other memory architectures (e.g., dynamic RAM (DRAM)) may be used with the embodiments discussed.

[0124] The embodiments of this application are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the load distribution of clamping studs based on centroid, characterized in that, This method is applied to plate heat exchangers, which include a pressure plate and multiple clamping studs. The pressure plate has multiple slots on its outer periphery that mate with the clamping studs. These slots are axially symmetrically distributed along an axis parallel to the length of the pressure plate. The pressure plate has an internal total hydraulic stress zone. The centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method includes: On one side of the clamping plate along the axis, multiple center lines are obtained by connecting the axes of adjacent clamping studs. A corresponding perpendicular bisector is drawn for each center line. The multiple perpendicular bisectors and the axis divide the total hydraulic force area into multiple sub-regions, and the sub-regions are set one-to-one with the slots. A first hydraulic distribution load is calculated for each clamping stud based on the area of ​​each sub-region, wherein the first hydraulic distribution load is positively correlated with the area of ​​the sub-region corresponding to the clamping stud; On one side of the clamping plate along the axis, the adjacent sub-regions form a merged area. The centroid of the merged area is calculated based on the centroid, and the centroid line is obtained by connecting the centroid with the axis of the clamping stud corresponding to the merged area. A second hydraulic load is calculated for each clamping stud based on the first hydraulic load distribution and the centroidal line, wherein the second hydraulic load distribution is negatively correlated with the length of the centroidal line corresponding to the clamping stud.

2. The centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first hydraulic distribution load W for each of the clamping studs i =A i ×P, where A i The area of ​​the sub-region corresponding to each clamping stud, where P is the design pressure.

3. The centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The merging region includes a first sub-region and a second sub-region. The centroidal line includes a first centroidal line passing through the first sub-region and a second centroidal line passing through the second sub-region. The second distributed load W of the clamping stud corresponding to the first sub-region... j1 =(W i1 +W i2 )×D j2 / (D j1 +D j2 The second sub-region corresponds to the second distributed load W of the clamping stud. j2 =(W i1 +W i2 )×D j1 / (D j1 +D j2 ), where W i1 For the first hydraulic distribution load corresponding to the first sub-region, W i2 For the first hydraulic distribution load corresponding to the second sub-region, D j1 D is the length of the first centroidal line. j2 is the length of the second centroidal line.

4. The centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Along the axial direction, each clamping stud located at the beginning and end corresponds to one of the merging regions, and each clamping stud other than the beginning and end corresponds to two overlapping merging regions; The final second hydraulic distribution load W for each of the clamping studs, excluding the first and last ones, is... j =(W j2_1 +W j1_2 ) / 2, where W j2_1 For the clamping stud, the second hydraulic distribution load calculated according to the first merged region, W j1_2 The second hydraulic distribution load is calculated for the clamping stud based on the second merged region.

5. The centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: Calculate the sum of the second hydraulic distribution load of all the clamping studs, and subtract the total hydraulic clamping load of the plurality of clamping studs from the sum to obtain the difference; The third hydraulic distribution load for each clamping stud is obtained by correcting the second hydraulic distribution load based on the difference.

6. The centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The total hydraulic clamping load W of the plurality of clamping studs z1 =A z ×P, where A z The area of ​​the total hydraulic stress zone is given by P, where P is the design pressure; the third hydraulic load distribution W... k =W j -Q / n, where Q is the difference and n is the number of clamping studs.

7. The centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange plate is provided with corner holes at its corners, and the nominal diameter of the corner holes is greater than or equal to 300 mm.

8. The centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, A sealing gasket is provided on the outer periphery of the total hydraulic stress zone, and the centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method further includes: The gasket load distribution W is calculated for each clamping stud based on the length of the sealing gasket corresponding to each sub-region. p =d i ×b×m×P, where d i b is the length of the sealing gasket corresponding to each sub-region, b is the effective sealing width of the sealing gasket, and m is the gasket coefficient of the sealing gasket.

9. The centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: The final distributed load W for each clamping stud is calculated based on the gasket distribution load and the second hydraulic distribution load. z =W j +W p ; Alternatively, the final distributed load W for each clamping stud can be calculated based on the gasket distributed load and the third hydraulic distributed load. z =W k +W p .

10. A plate heat exchanger, characterized in that, It includes a clamping plate and a plurality of clamping studs, the load of each clamping stud being calculated according to the centroid-based clamping stud load distribution calculation method as described in any one of claims 1-9.

Images