Battery system

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery system which comprises a frame, a cooling module, a battery pack, a light source module and a battery management module, the cooling module comprises two oppositely arranged heat dissipation plates, and the heat dissipation plates and the frame are enclosed to form a cavity; the battery pack comprises a plurality of single batteries connected in series or in parallel, the battery pack is arranged in the cavity, each single battery is provided with a detection optical fiber in a penetrating manner, and the detection optical fibers are used for detecting internal temperature and deformation of the single batteries; the light source module comprises an output assembly and an acquisition assembly, and the output assembly is connected with the input end of the detection optical fiber and used for uniformly inputting optical signals; the acquisition assembly is connected with the receiving end of the detection optical fiber and is used for acquiring the optical signal emitted by the output assembly; and the battery management module is electrically connected with the acquisition assembly and the cooling module and is used for analyzing the optical signal received by the acquisition assembly to obtain the internal state of the battery pack and adjusting the output of the cooling module according to the internal state so as to realize accurate monitoring and efficient thermal management of the internal state of the battery pack.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery thermal management technology, and more specifically to a battery system. Background Technology

[0002] Batteries, as the mainstream energy storage device, are widely used in new energy vehicles, energy storage power stations, and portable electronic devices. With the continuous improvement of system energy density and power density, the thermal management and safety monitoring issues within battery packs are becoming increasingly prominent. Existing battery systems typically consist of multiple individual cells connected in series and parallel. During operation, differences in electrochemical reaction rates exist between these cells, leading to uneven temperature rise and localized overheating. If heat is not conducted and dissipated in a timely manner, it can trigger battery thermal runaway or even a chain reaction, posing a serious threat to system safety. Therefore, battery systems are typically equipped with liquid cooling, air cooling, and other thermal management structures to achieve overall cooling and temperature equalization of the battery cells.

[0003] However, existing thermal management systems primarily focus on external cooling effects, with temperature acquisition points often located on the battery pack casing or the outer surface of individual cells. This only reflects external temperature changes and cannot reflect the true temperature distribution and deformation state inside the cell. When minor anomalies occur inside the cell (such as localized dendrite growth, electrode debonding, or separator damage), external temperature monitoring struggles to respond promptly, leading to delayed thermal runaway warnings. Furthermore, traditional temperature sensors are large and have limited deployment points, making continuous distributed detection along the cell's length impossible. They also cannot be effectively integrated with liquid cooling systems for precise thermal field regulation.

[0004] Therefore, there are technical problems in existing battery systems that make it difficult to accurately monitor the internal state of the battery pack and achieve efficient thermal management, which urgently need to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and propose a battery system that solves the technical problem of difficulty in achieving accurate monitoring and efficient thermal management of the internal state of the battery pack in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention provides a battery system, comprising: a frame; a cooling module including two heat sinks arranged opposite each other, the heat sinks and the frame enclosing a cavity; a battery pack including multiple individual cells connected in series or parallel, the battery pack being disposed within the cavity, each individual cell having a probe optical fiber inserted through it, the probe optical fiber being used to detect the internal temperature and deformation of the individual cell; a light source module including an output component and a acquisition component, the output component being connected to the input end of the probe optical fiber for uniformly inputting light signals; the acquisition component being connected to the receiving end of the probe optical fiber for acquiring light signals emitted by the output component; and a battery management module electrically connected to the acquisition component and the cooling module for analyzing the light signals received by the acquisition component to determine the internal state of the battery pack, and adjusting the output of the cooling module according to the internal state.

[0007] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a busbar and a connecting optical fiber. The busbar is disposed at both ends of the battery pack to realize the electrical connection of individual cells. The connecting optical fiber is disposed in the busbar and connects the output component to the detection optical fiber, and the acquisition component to the detection optical fiber.

[0008] In some embodiments, fiber optic connectors are provided at both ends of the single battery cell. The fiber optic connectors are respectively connected to the input end and the receiving end of the detection fiber, and the fiber optic connectors are detachably connected to the connecting fiber.

[0009] In some embodiments, the detection optical fiber includes a stainless steel armor layer and an inner optical fiber core, and the armor layer is connected to the grounding wire of the battery system.

[0010] In some embodiments, the heat sink includes an outer plate and an inner plate that are connected to each other, a flow channel is formed between the outer plate and the inner plate, the flow channel is filled with coolant or phase change material, and the inner plate is attached to the battery pack.

[0011] In some embodiments, a wave-like protrusion is formed on the side of the inner plate near the battery pack, and the wave-like protrusion matches the outer surface contour of the individual battery cell.

[0012] In some embodiments, a thermally conductive structural adhesive layer is filled between the inner plate and the battery pack.

[0013] In some embodiments, the output component includes a light source and a light splitter. The light source emits an optical signal, and the light splitter is used to split the optical signal at a fixed ratio and distribute it evenly to each individual cell.

[0014] In some embodiments, the acquisition component employs a dual-channel photodetector, used to receive Stokes light and anti-Stokes light respectively.

[0015] In some embodiments, the battery management module analyzes the temperature and deformation of the battery pack based on the light signals collected by the acquisition components, and establishes a battery health status prediction model; when the real-time variables exceed the threshold or the rate of temperature rise, it triggers a thermal runaway warning and increases the power of the cooling module.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the battery system provided by this invention achieves real-time and accurate monitoring and active thermal management of the internal temperature and deformation of the battery cell by integrating optical fiber distributed detection technology with a liquid cooling structure. The detection optical fiber runs through the entire internal structure of the single battery cell, sensing minute thermal and strain changes along its entire length. Combined with optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) technology, it achieves spatial positioning, significantly improving the early identification capability of thermal runaway. The battery management module dynamically adjusts the power of the liquid cooling module based on optical signal analysis results, achieving targeted cooling and temperature equalization control of abnormal cells. Through the synergy of structure and signal, this application effectively reduces heat conduction delay and monitoring errors, avoids local overheating propagation, and improves system safety, response speed, and heat dissipation efficiency, thereby significantly improving the overall reliability and lifespan of the lithium battery system. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of a battery system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a battery system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a busbar assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between a single battery cell and a current collector assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a top view of a battery system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is provided by the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 5 Enlarged cross-sectional view in the indicated direction.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 10. Frame; 20. Cooling module; 21. Heat sink; 211. Outer panel; 212. Inner panel; 213. Flow channel; 214. Corrugated protrusion; 215. Thermally conductive structural adhesive layer; 30. Battery pack; 31. Individual cell; 32. Detection fiber; 321. Stainless steel armor layer; 322. Internal fiber core; 33. Fiber optic connector; 40. Light source module; 41. Output component; 411. Light source component; 412. Optical splitter; 42. Acquisition component; 50. Battery management module; 60. Busbar assembly; 61. Busbar; 62. Connecting fiber. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0020] In order to solve the technical problem that it is difficult to achieve accurate monitoring and efficient thermal management of the internal state of the battery pack 30 in existing battery systems, the present invention provides a battery system that can achieve accurate monitoring and efficient thermal management of the internal state of the battery pack 30.

[0021] It should be noted that the battery system described in this invention is used for, but not limited to, battery thermal management. For ease of explanation, this invention will only use the application of the battery system in battery thermal management as an example. The principle of the battery system applied to other types of devices is essentially the same as that applied to battery thermal management, and will not be described in detail here.

[0022] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of a battery system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a battery system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The battery system includes a frame 10, a cooling module 20, a battery pack 30, a light source module 40, and a battery management module 50. Through the coordination of structure and signal acquisition, it achieves accurate monitoring and efficient thermal management of the internal state of the battery pack 30.

[0023] The frame 10 serves as the main load-bearing and protective structure of the system. It can be formed by splicing aluminum profiles or steel structural components to support the cooling module 20 and the battery pack 30, ensuring the rigidity and airtightness of the overall structure. The interior of the frame 10 defines the installation space for placing the battery pack 30, while the exterior can be reserved for the routing of liquid cooling pipes, signal harnesses, and fiber optic interfaces.

[0024] The cooling module 20 includes two heat sinks 21 arranged opposite each other. The two heat sinks 21 are fixed to the frame 10 by bolts or clips, and together with the frame 10, they enclose a cavity for accommodating the battery pack 30. Each heat sink 21 is machined with a cooling channel 213. The coolant flows in the channel 213 along the battery arrangement direction, so that the surface of the channel 213 is in close contact with the outer wall of the battery, achieving heat conduction and dissipation on both the top and bottom surfaces. The symmetrical distribution of the liquid cooling channels ensures the uniformity of the temperature field of each individual battery 31 in the cavity, avoiding local overheating.

[0025] The battery pack 30 includes multiple individual cells 31 connected in series or parallel, preferably in an elongated cylindrical structure. Each individual cell 31 has one or more detection optical fibers 32 inserted along its axial direction. The detection optical fibers 32 can be arranged in the central tube of the battery or in the gaps between the electrodes to detect the temperature and deformation distribution inside the battery in real time. When the cell undergoes slight expansion or localized heating, the reflected light signal from the detection optical fiber 32 will change accordingly, thereby enabling early identification of the internal state of the cell.

[0026] The light source module 40 includes an output component 41 and a acquisition component 42. The output component 41 generates and evenly distributes optical signals to multiple probe fibers 32. After being transmitted through the probe fibers 32, the optical signals generate Brillouin scattering or Rayleigh scattering signals at different locations. The acquisition component 42 receives the optical signals reflected from the probe fibers 32.

[0027] The battery management module 50 is electrically connected to the acquisition component 42 and the cooling module 20. On the one hand, it receives the optical signal output by the acquisition component 42 and calculates the frequency shift and round-trip time of the optical signal through optical time-domain reflectometry to obtain the temperature and deformation distribution data inside the battery cell. On the other hand, it adjusts the liquid cooling flow rate or circulation power of the cooling module 20 in real time according to the analysis results, so that the thermal management system can implement precise cooling control for abnormally heated cells.

[0028] In this embodiment, by integrating fiber optic distributed detection technology with a liquid cooling structure, precise monitoring and active thermal management of the battery system's internal state are achieved. The basic principle is as follows: A detection fiber optic cable 32, inserted inside the individual battery cell 31, collects temperature and deformation signals in real time. When localized heating, expansion, or abnormal reactions occur inside the cell, the light signal reflected by the fiber optic cable exhibits a identifiable frequency shift. The light source module 40 and the acquisition component 42 use optical time-domain reflectometry to locate and quantify this change, which is then analyzed by the battery management module 50 to obtain the cell's true operating state. Simultaneously, the battery management module 50 dynamically adjusts the operating parameters of the liquid cooling module based on the monitoring results, achieving precise cooling and temperature balance control of the cell. Through this collaborative operation, this embodiment can identify and respond to internal anomalies in the early stages of thermal runaway, preventing systemic failures caused by individual cell overheating. Furthermore, the liquid cooling plate structure integrates cooling and fixation, significantly improving heat dissipation efficiency and system reliability.

[0029] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a busbar assembly 60 provided in an embodiment of the present invention. In some embodiments, the battery system further includes the busbar assembly 60, which is used to realize the integrated transmission of electrical connection and fiber optic signal, so that the battery pack 30 can simultaneously transmit optical detection signals while realizing energy output, thereby achieving dual-path coordination of electrical and optical circuits.

[0030] The bus assembly 60 includes a busbar 61 and connecting optical fibers 62. The busbar 61 is located at both ends of the battery pack 30 and is preferably made of highly conductive aluminum alloy or nickel-plated copper. Its two ends are connected to the tabs or end caps of adjacent individual cells 31 to complete the electrical connection and voltage collection between the individual cells 31. The busbar 61 can integrate voltage acquisition harnesses, fixing brackets, and optical fiber guiding structures to realize the zoned layout of electrical and optical fiber lines.

[0031] The connecting optical fiber 62 is embedded inside the busbar 61 or its insulating support, and is used to establish signal channels between the output component 41 and the detection optical fiber 32, and between the acquisition component 42 and the detection optical fiber 32. Specifically, the input end of the connecting optical fiber 62 is connected to the output component 41 of the light source module 40, and is used to evenly distribute the laser signal to the detection optical fiber 32 inside each individual battery cell 31; the output end of the connecting optical fiber 62 is connected to the acquisition component 42 of the light source module 40, and is used to receive the scattered light signal reflected back from inside the battery cell and transmit it to the detection module for analysis.

[0032] In this embodiment, the battery system achieves an integrated layout of power transmission and optical signal transmission through the configuration of the bus component 60: on the one hand, the bus 61 structurally undertakes the function of electrical aggregation; on the other hand, its internal optical fiber path ensures stable transmission and protection of optical signals, avoids the influence of external electromagnetic interference on optical signals, thereby further improving the detection accuracy and overall reliability of the battery system.

[0033] Further, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection between a single battery cell 31 and a busbar assembly 60 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In some embodiments, fiber optic connectors 33 are respectively provided at both ends of the single battery cell 31. The fiber optic connectors 33 are used to realize a detachable optical connection between the internal detection fiber 32 of the single battery cell 31 and the external fiber optic network. The input end of the fiber optic connector 33 is connected to the input end of the detection fiber 32 for receiving laser signals from the output assembly 41 of the light source module 40; the output end of the fiber optic connector 33 is connected to the receiving end of the detection fiber 32 for transmitting the light signals reflected or scattered back from inside the battery cell to the acquisition assembly 42 for analysis.

[0034] The fiber optic connector 33 and the connecting fiber optic cable 62 in the combiner assembly 60 are connected by a detachable mating structure, such as through threaded locking, snap-locking, or optical quick-connect fittings. This structure facilitates quick connection and disconnection of the fiber optic signal path during battery pack 30 assembly, testing, or maintenance, allowing for maintenance or individual replacement of the optical circuitry without disassembling the entire battery module, thus significantly improving the system's maintainability and modularity. In some preferred embodiments, the fiber optic connector 33 may be equipped with an alignment structure, such as an alignment slot, to ensure coaxial alignment of the fiber end faces, reduce insertion loss, and improve signal transmission stability and detection accuracy.

[0035] In this embodiment, by setting up the fiber optic connector 33, not only is a standardized interface between the single battery 31 and the system fiber optic network realized, but a reliable connection of the optical detection path is also ensured, enabling the system to achieve a high-precision and maintainable internal optical monitoring path while maintaining good electrical insulation and mechanical stability.

[0036] In some embodiments, the detection fiber 32 includes an outer stainless steel armor layer 321 and an inner fiber core 322. The inner fiber core 322 is a key component for temperature and deformation detection, and can employ a single-mode or multimode fiber structure. It can transmit and reflect laser signals of specific wavelengths to achieve distributed temperature and strain monitoring along the length of the fiber core. The stainless steel armor layer 321 covers the outer side of the inner fiber core 322, forming a flexible metal protective sleeve to enhance the overall mechanical strength and resistance to environmental interference of the fiber.

[0037] Preferably, the stainless steel armor layer 321 has a thickness of 0.05–0.15 mm, exhibiting good corrosion resistance and compressive strength, and can maintain structural stability over long periods under high temperature, high humidity, or complex electromagnetic environments. A buffer layer isolates the armor layer from the fiber core to prevent mechanical compression from causing fiber signal attenuation or breakage, thereby ensuring detection accuracy and long-term reliability.

[0038] Furthermore, the armor layer is electrically connected to the grounding wire of the battery system, making the stainless steel armor layer 321 an electromagnetic shielding layer for the system. When there is electromagnetic noise or high-voltage pulse interference from the outside, the armor layer can effectively introduce the interference signal into the grounding loop, thereby preventing electromagnetic waves from affecting the transmission of optical fiber signals. This structure significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection optical fiber 32 in a strong electromagnetic field environment, ensuring that the optical signal can maintain high stability and high-precision detection performance during the operation of the battery pack 30.

[0039] Please see Figure 5 and Figure 6 , Figure 5 This is a top view of a battery system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 This is provided by the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 5The enlarged cross-sectional view is shown in the indicated direction. In some embodiments, the heat sink 21 includes an outer plate 211 and an inner plate 212 that are connected to each other. The two are fixedly connected by brazing, rolling, or mechanical sealing to form a composite plate with a hollow structure. A closed flow channel 213 space is defined between the outer plate 211 and the inner plate 212. The flow channel 213 extends along the length direction of the heat sink 21 or the arrangement direction of the battery pack 30 to form a continuous cooling channel.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the flow channel 213 is filled with coolant or phase change material. When liquid cooling is used, a cooling medium, such as a water-glycol mixture, fluorinated liquid, or insulating cooling oil, can circulate inside the flow channel 213. The coolant can enter the heat sink 21 under the drive of a circulating pump, and directly exchange heat with the heat exchange surface of the battery pack 30 through the flow channel 213, thereby quickly removing the heat generated during the operation of the battery cell and achieving efficient heat dissipation and temperature balance.

[0041] In another embodiment, the flow channel 213 may be filled with a phase change material, such as paraffin, fatty acid, or metal composite phase change medium. When the cell temperature rises, the phase change material absorbs latent heat and undergoes a solid-liquid phase transition, storing excess heat; when the temperature drops, the phase change material releases heat to maintain the cell temperature stability, thereby achieving thermal buffering and energy regulation under passive operating conditions and improving the thermal stability of the system.

[0042] The inner plate 212 is directly attached to the outer wall of the battery pack 30 and is preferably made of a high thermal conductivity material to reduce thermal resistance and ensure uniform heat conduction. The outer plate 211 serves as a structural support layer, connecting with the frame 10 to form a closed cavity and bear external loads. Through the coordinated design of the outer plate 211 and the inner plate 212, the heat sink 21 simultaneously performs the dual functions of heat exchange and structural fixation, achieving both efficient cooling and stable support for the battery cell assembly.

[0043] In one embodiment, the inner plate 212 has a wave-shaped protrusion structure on the side near the battery pack 30. The wave protrusion 214 extends continuously along the arrangement direction of the battery pack 30, and the shape, spacing, and radius of curvature of its crests and troughs are designed to match the outer surface profile of the individual battery cell 31. For example, when the battery pack 30 uses cylindrical individual battery cells 31, the wave protrusion 214 on the inner plate 212 has a periodic arc-shaped structure, with the arc surface of the crests closely fitting the outer wall of the battery, and the trough areas used to accommodate the structural adhesive layer or form cooling channels 213.

[0044] The corrugated protrusions 214 are formed by molding, stamping, or extrusion, giving the inner plate 212 a high-precision surface profile matching characteristic. The radius of curvature of the corrugated protrusions 214 can be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the single cell 31, thereby absorbing the minor deformation caused by thermal expansion and contraction while ensuring thermal contact efficiency.

[0045] In this embodiment, the wave-shaped protrusion 214 structure not only achieves full-contact heat transfer between the heat dissipation surface and the battery surface, significantly reducing thermal resistance, but also mechanically limits and supports the battery cell, preventing displacement or loosening of the individual battery cell 31 during vibration or transportation. Simultaneously, the wave-shaped geometry itself possesses a certain elastic recovery capability, adapting to the expansion and contraction of the battery cell during thermal cycling, avoiding localized stress concentration and structural fatigue.

[0046] In one embodiment, a thermally conductive structural adhesive layer 215 is filled between the inner plate 212 and the battery pack 30. This thermally conductive structural adhesive layer 215 is disposed between the corrugated protrusions 214 of the inner plate 212 and the outer surface of the individual battery cell 31, and serves the dual functions of efficient heat conduction and structural fixation.

[0047] The thermally conductive structural adhesive can be a two-component thermally conductive silicone, epoxy resin-based thermally conductive adhesive, or modified silicone adhesive, exhibiting excellent thermal conductivity while also possessing good flexibility and high-temperature resistance. After curing, this adhesive layer forms a continuous and tight heat conduction path, allowing the heat generated during battery cell operation to be rapidly transferred to the inner plate 212 and dissipated through the liquid cooling channel 213 or phase change material, thereby effectively reducing the thermal resistance between the battery cell and the cooling plate and improving heat dissipation efficiency.

[0048] During assembly, thermally conductive structural adhesive can be uniformly applied to the surface of the inner plate 212 by dispensing or scraping. When the battery pack 30 is pressed onto the heat sink 21, the adhesive layer is uniformly compressed, filling the tiny gaps between the outer wall of the cell and the corrugated protrusions 214, avoiding poor contact caused by surface roughness or manufacturing tolerances. The cured adhesive layer also has a certain degree of elasticity, which can absorb the volume expansion of the cell during charge and discharge cycles, prevent stress concentration, and improve the thermal cycling reliability of the system.

[0049] Furthermore, the thermally conductive adhesive layer 215 also has a certain damping and buffering effect, which can suppress the micro-displacement and loosening of the battery cell under vehicle vibration or thermal shock conditions, and improve the structural stability and safety of the battery system under high-power operating environment. In addition, the adhesive layer also has a certain insulating property, which can prevent the risk of electrical short circuit between adjacent battery cells or between the battery cell and the heat sink 21.

[0050] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a battery system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. In some embodiments, the output component 41 includes a light source 411 and an optical splitter 412. The light source 411 is used to generate a highly stable laser signal, and the optical splitter 412 is used to split the laser signal at a fixed ratio and distribute it evenly to the detection optical fibers 32 of multiple individual cells 31, thereby realizing synchronous monitoring of the entire battery pack 30.

[0051] Preferably, the light source 411 can be a distributed feedback laser or a narrow-linewidth semiconductor laser. The output power of the light source 411 is generally 10-50mW, which ensures that the optical signal entering each individual cell 31 still has sufficient intensity after multi-stage splitting to meet the signal-to-noise ratio required for Brillouin scattering or Rayleigh scattering detection. The light source 411 can operate in pulse mode. By controlling the pulse width and frequency, a balance between spatial resolution and measurement speed can be achieved. For example, a pulse width of 10ns and a repetition frequency of 100kHz can achieve a spatial resolution of approximately 0.1m. The optical splitter 412 can employ planar waveguides or fused biconical tapered technology to split the single-channel laser output from the light source 411 into multiple optical signals according to a fixed power ratio (such as 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, or 1:N). The split optical signals are then introduced into the detection optical fibers 32 inside each individual cell 31 through connecting optical fibers 62, realizing parallel optical monitoring of multiple cells.

[0052] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the acquisition component 42 employs a dual-channel photodetector. This photodetector includes two independent photodetector units, respectively used to receive Stokes light and anti-Stokes light signals returned via the probe fiber 32.

[0053] Stokes light and anti-Stokes light are Brillouin scattered light generated by the interaction of laser signals with the molecules of the optical fiber as the signal propagates. The frequency difference between the two reflects the changes in local temperature and strain of the optical fiber. When the temperature in the region where the optical fiber is located increases or when a small deformation occurs, the intensity of anti-Stokes light increases with temperature, while the intensity change of Stokes light is closely related to the strain state. By simultaneously detecting these two scattered light signals and calculating their intensity ratio or frequency shift difference, the temperature distribution and deformation changes along the length of the cell can be accurately deduced.

[0054] The two channels of the dual-channel photodetector operate independently, each equipped with a high-sensitivity avalanche photodiode and a low-noise amplifier circuit, capable of operating at 10... -15 High signal-to-noise ratio detection is achieved under low optical power conditions at the W level. The detected optical signal is amplified and converted from analog to digital, then processed and calibrated by the signal processing module before being transmitted to the battery management module 50 for data fusion and thermal runaway early warning analysis. A dual-channel photodetector works in conjunction with the light source module 40 to determine the round-trip time of the optical signal using optical time-domain reflectometry, thereby achieving spatial positioning along the fiber optic length. This not only distinguishes between factors influencing temperature and deformation but also accurately identifies local anomalies at the 31-level of a single battery cell, significantly improving monitoring resolution and early warning sensitivity.

[0055] In one embodiment, the battery management module 50 performs intelligent analysis and dynamic control of the operating status of the battery pack 30 based on the optical signal data acquired by the acquisition component 42. Specifically, the acquisition component 42 acquires Stokes light and anti-Stokes light signals returned from the probe fiber 32 inside each individual battery cell 31 in real time. After filtering, amplifying, and digitizing the signals, the battery management module 50 calculates the temperature distribution and deformation data along the length direction inside the cell by comparing the intensity ratio and frequency offset of the two types of scattered light.

[0056] Building upon this foundation, the battery management module 50 further integrates time series and historical data to establish a battery state of health (SOH) prediction model. This model, through correlation analysis of multi-dimensional parameters such as temperature gradient, strain amplitude, cycle count, and energy efficiency, can assess the cell's health status, degradation trend, and potential risk areas. When the system detects an abnormal temperature rise rate, a sudden increase in deformation, or a temperature exceeding a set threshold in a certain area, the management module will immediately trigger a thermal runaway early warning mechanism and send an alarm signal to the host computer or safety control unit.

[0057] Meanwhile, to achieve proactive safety control, the battery management module 50 dynamically adjusts the power of the cooling module 20 based on the state parameters output by the predictive model: for example, increasing the coolant flow rate, enhancing pumping capacity, or reducing the temperature of the cooling medium to accelerate heat dissipation in the problem area and prevent abnormal spread. When necessary, the system can also execute graded response strategies, including current limiting, charging stop, or forced cooling, to ensure the safe operation of the entire battery pack 30.

[0058] The specific embodiments of the present invention described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made in accordance with the technical concept of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery system, characterized in that, include: frame; The cooling module includes two heat sinks arranged opposite each other, and the heat sinks and the frame enclose a cavity; A battery pack includes multiple individual cells connected in series or in parallel. The battery pack is disposed in the cavity. Each individual cell is equipped with a detection optical fiber, which is used to detect the internal temperature and deformation of the individual cell. The light source module includes an output component and a acquisition component. The output component is connected to the input end of the detection optical fiber for uniformly inputting optical signals. The acquisition component is connected to the receiving end of the detection optical fiber for acquiring the optical signals emitted by the output component. and The battery management module is electrically connected to the acquisition component and the cooling module. It is used to analyze the optical signals received by the acquisition component to determine the internal state of the battery pack, and adjust the output of the cooling module according to the internal state.

2. The battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery system further includes a busbar assembly, which includes a busbar and a connecting optical fiber. The busbar is disposed at both ends of the battery pack and is used to realize the electrical connection of the individual cells. The connecting optical fiber is disposed in the busbar and connects the output component to the detection optical fiber, and the acquisition component to the detection optical fiber.

3. The battery system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The single cell is provided with optical fiber connectors at both ends. The optical fiber connectors are respectively connected to the input end and the receiving end of the detection optical fiber, and the optical fiber connectors are detachably connected to the connecting optical fiber.

4. The battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection optical fiber includes a stainless steel armor layer and an inner optical fiber core, and the armor layer is connected to the grounding wire of the battery system.

5. The battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat sink includes an outer plate and an inner plate that are connected to each other. A flow channel is formed between the outer plate and the inner plate. The flow channel is filled with coolant or phase change material. The inner plate is attached to the battery pack.

6. The battery system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner plate has a wavy protrusion on the side near the battery pack, and the wavy protrusion matches the outer surface contour of the individual battery cell.

7. The battery system according to claim 5, characterized in that, A thermally conductive structural adhesive layer is filled between the inner plate and the battery pack.

8. The battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output component includes a light source and a light splitter. The light source emits an optical signal, and the light splitter is used to split the optical signal at a fixed ratio and distribute it evenly to each of the individual cells.

9. The battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition component employs a dual-channel photodetector, used to receive Stokes light and anti-Stokes light respectively.

10. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The battery management module analyzes the temperature and deformation of the battery pack based on the light signals collected by the acquisition component, and establishes a battery health status prediction model; when the real-time variables exceed the threshold or the rate of temperature rise, it triggers a thermal runaway warning and increases the power of the cooling module.

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