Intelligent optimization control method for electrode life of supercapacitor

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent optimization control method for the electrode life of a supercapacitor, relates to the technical field of electrode life, and is used for solving the problems of low charging efficiency and shortened electrode life. Before ocean buoy data is reported, setting an evaluation period, accessing an environment database to obtain working temperature data of the capacitor, and counting the temperature cycle times; the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a reporting period through a data reporting record table, adjusting a reporting strategy according to a temperature cycle index, simultaneously detecting peak discharge current and equivalent series resistance, comprehensively evaluating an electrode corrosion level, switching a communication mode according to the corrosion level, and monitoring a capacitance value to judge whether to trigger a charging optimization mode, the pulse amplitude and frequency of the wave-activated generator are monitored, the capacitor charging mode is adjusted, real-time optimization of data reporting and charging strategies is achieved, and the service life of the capacitor is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrode life technology, and more specifically, to a method for intelligent optimization control of supercapacitor electrode life. Background Technology

[0002] In marine environments, buoy systems typically need to operate autonomously for extended periods. Their energy management and data communication have a significant impact on system stability and lifespan. To meet the requirements for long-term reliable operation of marine buoys, more and more buoys are adopting supercapacitors as energy storage devices, utilizing their high power density and rapid charging and discharging characteristics to power the buoys.

[0003] The existing technology has the following shortcomings: Currently, existing technologies lack sufficient monitoring of capacitor status, fail to assess the effects of electrode corrosion and temperature cycling in real time, employ a single charging method, lack dynamic optimization, fail to consider the characteristics of variable power sources such as wave power generation and the actual state of the capacitor, and cannot dynamically adjust the charging strategy and data reporting cycle based on the health status of the capacitor. This results in low charging efficiency, shortened electrode life, and impact on the long-term reliability of the buoy. Therefore, a smart optimization control method for supercapacitor electrode life is proposed.

[0004] The information disclosed in the background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the aforementioned deficiencies of the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a smart optimization control method for the electrode life of a supercapacitor, which solves the problems mentioned in the background art by employing temperature cycle monitoring, comprehensive evaluation of peak discharge current and equivalent series resistance, dynamic optimization of charging pulse, and adaptive adjustment algorithm for data reporting cycle.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for intelligent optimization control of supercapacitor electrode life, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Before the ocean buoy performs data reporting, set an evaluation cycle, access the environmental database to retrieve the capacitor's operating temperature data within the evaluation cycle, and count the number of temperature cycles of the capacitor based on the operating temperature data. Step S2: Obtain the data reporting cycle of the ocean buoy through the data reporting record table, adjust the data reporting cycle using the number of temperature cycles, perform data reporting based on the adjusted data reporting cycle, and detect the peak discharge current and equivalent series resistance of the capacitor; Step S3: Evaluate the electrode corrosion level of the capacitor by combining the peak discharge current and the equivalent series resistance, switch the communication mode of the marine buoy according to the electrode corrosion level, monitor the capacitance value of the capacitor, and determine whether to trigger the charging optimization mode based on the capacitance value. Step S4: In the charging optimization mode, monitor the pulse current of the wave generator, obtain the pulse amplitude and pulse frequency of the pulse current, and change the charging method of the capacitor based on the pulse amplitude and pulse frequency.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, an evaluation period is set, and the capacitor's device ID is matched with an environmental database to obtain the capacitor's operating temperature data within the evaluation period. The operating temperature data of the capacitor during the evaluation period are integrated into a capacitor operating temperature dataset according to the sampling order. Iterate through the capacitor's operating temperature dataset, subtract adjacent operating temperature data to obtain the instantaneous temperature change, and then collect all the instantaneous temperature changes into a single set.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the set of instantaneous temperature changes is traversed, and each instantaneous temperature change is multiplied by the preceding and following instantaneous temperature changes respectively: If the result of the multiplication is negative and the absolute value of the result is greater than the preset temperature change threshold, it is determined to be a temperature cycle event of the capacitor. If the result of the multiplication is not negative, then it is determined not to be a temperature cycle event; The number of temperature cycle events is counted as the temperature cycle count.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the device ID of the ocean buoy is matched with the data reporting record table to obtain the data reporting cycle of the ocean buoy; If the number of temperature cycles of the capacitor is less than the preset temperature cycle threshold, it is determined that the data reporting cycle of the ocean buoy will not be adjusted. Conversely, if the data reporting cycle of the ocean buoy is not adjusted, it will be determined that the data reporting cycle of the ocean buoy needs to be adjusted. When determining whether to adjust the data reporting cycle of the ocean buoy, divide the number of temperature cycles of the capacitor by the preset temperature cycle threshold, and then multiply the reciprocal of the result by the data reporting cycle of the ocean buoy to obtain the adjusted data reporting cycle. Data reporting is performed based on the adjusted data reporting cycle.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the discharge current waveform flowing through the capacitor is obtained by a current sensor integrated in the charging and discharging circuit. By performing time-domain analysis on the collected discharge current waveform, its maximum value over the entire discharge duration is extracted to obtain the peak discharge current of the capacitor. By integrating the collected discharge current waveform, the total charge transferred from the capacitor during the entire discharge duration can be obtained. The high-precision voltage sampling circuit obtains the capacitor's terminal voltage at the start of the data reporting task and the capacitor's terminal voltage at the end of the data reporting task. Subtract the capacitor's terminal voltage value at the start of the data reporting task from the capacitor's terminal voltage value at the end of the task to obtain the change in terminal voltage during the discharge process. The equivalent series resistance of the capacitor is obtained by dividing the change in terminal voltage during the discharge process by the total amount of charge transferred from the capacitor during the entire discharge duration.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the peak discharge current and equivalent series resistance of the capacitor are standardized to obtain the current factor and resistance factor. The electrode health index of the capacitor is calculated by combining the current factor and the resistance factor. If the electrode health index of the capacitor is greater than or equal to the preset first threshold for electrode health, the electrode corrosion level is determined to be level one, and the standard communication mode is switched. If the electrode health index of the capacitor is greater than or equal to the preset second electrode health threshold and less than the preset first electrode health threshold, the electrode corrosion level is determined to be level two, and the simplified communication mode is switched. If the electrode health index of the capacitor is less than the preset second threshold for electrode health, the electrode corrosion level is determined to be level three, and the system switches to emergency communication mode.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the capacitance value of the capacitor is monitored by an LCR digital bridge; The capacitance retention rate of a capacitor is obtained by dividing its capacitance value by its rated capacitance value. If the capacitor's capacitance retention rate is greater than or equal to the preset capacitance retention threshold, then the charging optimization mode will not be triggered. Conversely, if the charging optimization mode is triggered, it will be determined that the charging optimization mode has been activated.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, in step S4, the pulse current of the wave generator is monitored in real time by a current sensor connected to the output circuit of the wave generator. By performing time-domain analysis on the pulse current of the wave generator, the peak value of each independent pulse is identified and extracted, and the pulse amplitude of the pulse current is obtained by arithmetically averaging the peak values ​​of all pulses. The pulse frequency of the pulse current is obtained by performing frequency domain analysis on the pulse current of the wave generator.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, in step S4, the pulse amplitude and pulse frequency of the pulse current are standardized to obtain the amplitude factor and frequency factor. The pulse impact index of the pulse current is calculated by combining the amplitude factor and the frequency factor. If the pulse impact index of the pulse current is less than the preset impact index threshold, then the direct charging method is selected. Conversely, if the condition is not ideal, then a buffer charging method should be selected.

[0015] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: This invention establishes an evaluation cycle before data reporting by an ocean buoy. It accesses an environmental database to obtain the capacitor's operating temperature data within the cycle, counts the number of temperature cycles, obtains the buoy's data reporting cycle from a data reporting record table, adjusts the data reporting cycle based on the number of temperature cycles, and executes data reporting based on the adjusted cycle. Simultaneously, it detects the capacitor's peak discharge current and equivalent series resistance, comprehensively assesses the capacitor electrode corrosion level based on the peak discharge current and equivalent series resistance, switches the ocean buoy's communication mode according to the corrosion level, monitors the capacitor's capacitance value, determines whether to trigger a charging optimization mode, and in charging optimization mode, monitors the wave generator pulse current, obtains the pulse amplitude and pulse frequency, and comprehensively judges and adjusts the capacitor charging method. By comprehensively evaluating the capacitor's status through multiple parameters such as temperature cycle, discharge current, resistance, and pulse current, it can adjust data reporting and charging strategies in real time, extending the capacitor's lifespan. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation of an intelligent optimization control method for the electrode life of a supercapacitor according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the steps of a smart optimization control method for the lifespan of a supercapacitor electrode according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] This invention establishes an evaluation cycle before data reporting by an ocean buoy. It accesses an environmental database to obtain the capacitor's operating temperature data within the cycle, counts the number of temperature cycles, obtains the buoy's data reporting cycle from a data reporting record table, adjusts the data reporting cycle based on the number of temperature cycles, and executes data reporting based on the adjusted cycle. Simultaneously, it detects the capacitor's peak discharge current and equivalent series resistance, comprehensively assesses the capacitor electrode corrosion level based on the peak discharge current and equivalent series resistance, switches the ocean buoy's communication mode according to the corrosion level, monitors the capacitor's capacitance value, determines whether a charging optimization mode is triggered, and monitors the wave generator pulse current, obtaining the pulse amplitude and frequency to comprehensively judge and adjust the capacitor charging method. The capacitor's condition is comprehensively evaluated through multiple parameters including temperature cycles, discharge current, resistance, and pulse current.

[0020] Example 1: A method for intelligent optimization control of supercapacitor electrode life, such as... Figures 1 to 2 As shown, it includes the following steps: Step S1: Before the ocean buoy performs data reporting, set an evaluation cycle, access the environmental database to retrieve the capacitor's operating temperature data within the evaluation cycle, and count the number of temperature cycles of the capacitor based on the operating temperature data. Step S2: Obtain the data reporting cycle of the ocean buoy through the data reporting record table, adjust the data reporting cycle using the number of temperature cycles, perform data reporting based on the adjusted data reporting cycle, and detect the peak discharge current and equivalent series resistance of the capacitor; Step S3: Evaluate the electrode corrosion level of the capacitor by combining the peak discharge current and the equivalent series resistance, switch the communication mode of the marine buoy according to the electrode corrosion level, monitor the capacitance value of the capacitor, and determine whether to trigger the charging optimization mode based on the capacitance value. Step S4: In the charging optimization mode, monitor the pulse current of the wave generator, obtain the pulse amplitude and pulse frequency of the pulse current, and change the charging method of the capacitor based on the pulse amplitude and pulse frequency.

[0021] The specific implementation is as follows: In step S1, during the operation of the ocean buoy, the capacitor is under the condition of charging and discharging and ambient temperature fluctuation for a long time. Its temperature cycling characteristics directly affect the life of the capacitor and the reliability of the buoy system. In order to achieve accurate assessment of the temperature cycling status of the capacitor, it is necessary to systematically collect and analyze its operating temperature changes. Set an evaluation period and match the capacitor's device ID with the environmental database to obtain the capacitor's operating temperature data within the evaluation period. The operating temperature data of the capacitor during the evaluation period are integrated into a capacitor operating temperature dataset according to the sampling order. Traverse the capacitor's operating temperature dataset, starting from the second data point, sequentially select the current operating temperature data, subtract it from the adjacent previous operating temperature data, and obtain the instantaneous temperature change at that sampling moment; The instantaneous temperature changes at all sampling times within the evaluation period are integrated into a set of instantaneous temperature changes according to the sampling order; Iterate through the set of instantaneous temperature changes, multiplying each instantaneous temperature change by its preceding and following adjacent instantaneous temperature changes: If the result of the multiplication is negative and the absolute value of the result is greater than the preset temperature change threshold, it is determined to be a temperature cycle event of the capacitor. If the result of the multiplication is not negative, then it is determined not to be a temperature cycle event; The number of temperature cycle events is counted as the temperature cycle count.

[0022] It should be explained that the evaluation period is used to define the collection range and analysis boundary of the operating temperature data. Based on the average single temperature cycle formation period of capacitors of the same model, the evaluation period is set to determine the minimum number of target complete temperature cycles that should be covered within the evaluation period. The product of the target complete temperature cycle number and the average single temperature cycle formation period is used as the evaluation period of the capacitor. The capacitor's device ID refers to the unique device identification code assigned to each capacitor when it is connected to the monitoring system. This code is used to uniquely distinguish and bind different capacitors in the environmental database, operational database, and historical database. The environmental database refers to a database system used to centrally store multi-source environmental parameter data related to the capacitor's operating environment and external working conditions. The preset temperature change threshold can be determined by statistically analyzing the temperature data of the capacitor during historical operation to determine the normal amplitude of temperature fluctuations and the average change level of a single temperature cycle as the preset temperature change threshold.

[0023] By systematically collecting capacitor operating temperature data, analyzing instantaneous temperature changes, and statistically analyzing temperature cycles, we can accurately grasp the temperature cycling characteristics of capacitors, providing a basis for subsequent life assessment, data reporting cycle adjustment, and charging optimization.

[0024] In step S2, in the marine buoy system, the temperature cycling state and discharge characteristics of the capacitor directly affect the stability of the buoy's data reporting and the lifespan of the capacitor. In order to achieve dynamic optimization of the buoy's data reporting cycle and real-time monitoring of the capacitor's state, a systematic analysis based on temperature cycling and discharge characteristics is required. The data reporting cycle of the ocean buoy is obtained by matching the device ID of the ocean buoy with the data reporting record table. The capacitor's temperature cycle count is compared with a preset temperature cycle count threshold for determination. If the number of temperature cycles of the capacitor is less than the preset temperature cycle threshold, it is determined that the data reporting cycle of the ocean buoy will not be adjusted. If the number of temperature cycles of the capacitor is greater than or equal to the preset temperature cycle threshold, it is determined that the data reporting cycle of the ocean buoy should be adjusted. The specific adjustment rules are as follows: Divide the number of temperature cycles of the capacitor by the preset temperature cycle threshold, and then multiply the reciprocal of the result by the data reporting cycle of the ocean buoy to obtain the adjusted data reporting cycle. Data reporting is performed based on the adjusted data reporting cycle; It should be noted that the device ID of an ocean buoy refers to a unique identification code assigned to each ocean buoy device when it is connected to the monitoring and communication system. This code is used for unique identification and data binding of different ocean buoys in the data reporting record table, operation management platform, and historical database. The data reporting record table is a structured data table used to store the historical data reporting behavior and corresponding reporting parameters of each ocean buoy device. It is used for unified management and retrospective query of the data reporting cycle, reporting time, reporting status, and adjustment records of the ocean buoy. The preset temperature cycle number threshold can be obtained by acquiring failure state samples corresponding to the capacitor model under different temperature cycle numbers based on the historical operating data of the capacitor model consistent with the capacitor under test. A statistical distribution relationship between the temperature cycle number and the capacitor failure probability is constructed based on the failure state samples. The corresponding failure feature cycle number is extracted from the statistical distribution relationship as the reference cycle number. Then, based on the statistical time span corresponding to the historical samples, the reference cycle number is converted to the current evaluation period to obtain the preset temperature cycle number threshold under the evaluation period.

[0025] The discharge current waveform flowing through the capacitor is obtained by using a current sensor integrated in the charging and discharging circuit. By performing time-domain analysis on the collected discharge current waveform, its maximum value over the entire discharge duration is extracted to obtain the peak discharge current of the capacitor. By integrating the collected discharge current waveform, the total charge transferred from the capacitor during the entire discharge duration can be obtained. The high-precision voltage sampling circuit obtains the capacitor's terminal voltage at the start of the data reporting task and the capacitor's terminal voltage at the end of the data reporting task. Subtract the capacitor's terminal voltage value at the start of the data reporting task from the capacitor's terminal voltage value at the end of the task to obtain the change in terminal voltage during the discharge process. The equivalent series resistance of the capacitor is obtained by dividing the change in terminal voltage during the discharge process by the total amount of charge transferred from the capacitor during the entire discharge duration.

[0026] It needs to be explained that the current sensor integrated in the charging and discharging circuit refers to a sensor unit installed in the capacitor charging and discharging circuit to detect the capacitor charging and discharging current waveform in real time, and to obtain the discharge current waveform flowing through the capacitor; time domain analysis refers to the method of observing, processing and extracting features of electrical signals that change over time. By analyzing the amplitude variation law of the signal on the time axis, the peak value, amplitude fluctuation, duration and other transient characteristics of the signal are extracted to characterize the dynamic operating characteristics of the system; integration operation refers to the mathematical processing method of accumulating and summing the amplitude of continuous or discrete time signals on the time axis. By calculating the total cumulative amount of the signal within a given time interval, the overall quantitative characteristics of the signal changing over time are obtained; high-precision voltage sampling circuit refers to the voltage detection circuit integrated at the capacitor terminal, used to acquire the capacitor terminal voltage at high resolution and high precision at the start and end of the data reporting task.

[0027] By adjusting the data reporting cycle based on the number of temperature cycles and calculating the equivalent series resistance by combining peak discharge current, total charge, and terminal voltage changes, dynamic management of buoy data reporting and capacitor status can be achieved, thereby improving system reliability and extending capacitor lifespan.

[0028] In step S3, the peak discharge current and equivalent series resistance of the capacitor are standardized to obtain the current factor and resistance factor. The electrode health index of a capacitor is calculated by combining the current factor and the resistance factor. The formula is as follows: ,in, For current factor, For resistance factor, This is the electrode health index of the capacitor; The larger the current factor and the smaller the resistance factor, the better the peak discharge capability of the capacitor, the better the electrode performance, and the higher the electrode health index of the capacitor. Conversely, the smaller the current factor and the larger the resistance factor, the worse the peak discharge capability of the capacitor, the worse the electrode performance, and the lower the electrode health index of the capacitor.

[0029] The electrode health index of the capacitor is compared with the preset first threshold and the preset second threshold to evaluate the electrode corrosion level of the capacitor. The preset first threshold is greater than the preset second threshold. If the electrode health index of the capacitor is greater than or equal to the preset first threshold for electrode health, the electrode corrosion level is determined to be level one, and the standard communication mode is switched. If the electrode health index of the capacitor is greater than or equal to the preset second electrode health threshold and less than the preset first electrode health threshold, the electrode corrosion level is determined to be level two, and the simplified communication mode is switched. If the electrode health index of the capacitor is less than the preset second threshold for electrode health, the electrode corrosion level is determined to be level three, and the emergency communication mode is switched. Among them, the standard communication mode refers to the data communication working mode adopted by the marine buoy when the capacitor electrode health condition is in the first-level corrosion state. The buoy performs regular data transmission according to the predetermined data reporting cycle and data volume to ensure data integrity and communication reliability, while allowing the buoy system to operate stably under normal power consumption conditions. The simplified communication mode refers to the data communication mode adopted by marine buoys when the capacitor electrodes are in good condition and the corrosion level drops to level two. Under the premise of ensuring the uploading of core monitoring data, the buoys appropriately reduce the data reporting frequency or the amount of data to reduce system power consumption and extend the overall service life of the capacitors and buoys. Emergency communication mode refers to the data communication mode adopted by marine buoys when the health of capacitor electrodes is severely degraded to the third level of corrosion. In this mode, the buoy minimizes the frequency and amount of data reporting while ensuring the transmission of core monitoring information, so as to reduce system power consumption and extend the availability of the buoy and capacitor, and ensure that critical data can still be uploaded under extreme conditions.

[0030] It should be noted that the standardization methods include, but are not limited to, standard linear transformation based on interval scaling, Z-Score standardization based on statistics, or normalization based on nonlinear mapping functions. The application methods of standardization will not be elaborated here. The preset first threshold and the preset second threshold for electrode health are the upper and lower limits for determining the corrosion level of capacitor electrodes, respectively. Based on the design parameters and material properties of the capacitor electrodes, the peak discharge capacity and the maximum allowable resistance range of the electrodes under ideal working conditions are determined. The health level corresponding to the ideal working condition is taken as the first threshold, which represents the best electrode performance. The health level corresponding to the lowest allowable performance or the maximum degradation range is taken as the second threshold, which represents the minimum limit of electrode performance.

[0031] The capacitance value of the capacitor is monitored using an LCR digital bridge. The capacitance retention rate of a capacitor is obtained by dividing its capacitance value by its rated capacitance value. The capacitance retention rate of the capacitor is compared with a preset capacitance retention threshold for determination: If the capacitor's capacitance retention rate is greater than or equal to the preset capacitance retention threshold, then the charging optimization mode will not be triggered. If the capacitor's capacitance retention rate is less than the preset capacitance retention threshold, then the charging optimization mode is triggered.

[0032] Among them, the charging optimization mode refers to the charging strategy adjustment mode activated by the marine buoy system when the health status of the capacitor declines or the capacitance retention rate is lower than the set threshold. By optimizing the charging current, charging time and charging interval, it reduces the possible excessive loss during the charging and discharging process of the capacitor, extends the capacitor life, and ensures the stable operation of the buoy system under limited energy conditions.

[0033] It should be explained that the LCR digital bridge is a high-precision electronic testing instrument used to measure the inductance, capacitance, and resistance parameters of capacitors; the rated capacitance value refers to the nominal capacitance of the capacitor under factory design and standard operating conditions, which is used as the benchmark value for calculating the actual capacitance retention rate of the capacitor; the preset capacitance retention threshold can be determined by retrieving statistical data of the actual capacitance values ​​of capacitors of the same model during long-term operation, and the minimum capacitance value that the capacitor can still maintain the safe and stable operation of the system under normal degradation conditions is used as the preset capacitance retention threshold.

[0034] By standardizing the peak discharge current and equivalent series resistance of the capacitor and calculating the electrode health index, the electrode corrosion level can be determined in real time, thereby dynamically switching the buoy communication mode and achieving energy consumption optimization and data integrity assurance under different health conditions.

[0035] In step S4, in the marine buoy system, the wave generator is the main energy source. The amplitude and frequency of its output pulse current directly affect the safety and efficiency of the capacitor charging process. In order to ensure the reliable operation of the buoy system in the complex marine environment, the pulse current output by the wave generator is monitored and analyzed in real time, and the charging method is selected in a reasonable manner to prevent the capacitor from degrading or being damaged rapidly due to transient impacts. The pulse current of the wave generator is monitored in real time by a current sensor connected to the output circuit of the wave generator. By performing time-domain analysis on the pulse current of the wave generator, the peak value of each independent pulse is identified and extracted, and the pulse amplitude of the pulse current is obtained by arithmetically averaging the peak values ​​of all pulses. The pulse frequency of the pulse current is obtained by performing frequency domain analysis on the pulse current of the wave generator. The amplitude and frequency of the pulse current are standardized to obtain the amplitude factor and frequency factor. The pulse impulse index of the pulse current is calculated by combining the amplitude factor and the frequency factor. The calculation formula is as follows: ,in, For amplitude factor, For frequency factors, The pulse impact index is the pulse current. The larger the amplitude factor and the larger the frequency factor, the higher the intensity of the pulse current output by the wave generator, the higher the oscillation frequency, and the greater the pulse impact index of the pulse current; the smaller the amplitude factor and the smaller the frequency factor, the lower the intensity of the pulse current output by the wave generator, the lower the oscillation frequency, and the smaller the pulse impact index of the pulse current.

[0036] The pulse impact index of the pulse current is compared with a preset impact index threshold for determination: If the pulse impact index of the pulse current is less than the preset impact index threshold, then the direct charging method is selected. If the pulse impact index of the pulse current is greater than or equal to the preset impact index threshold, then the buffer charging mode is selected.

[0037] Among them, the direct charging method refers to the fact that when the intensity and frequency of the pulse current output by the wave generator are low, the electrical energy output by the wave generator can be directly delivered to the capacitor without going through a buffer energy storage device or an additional adjustment circuit, so as to achieve efficient energy transmission. Buffer charging refers to the charging mode adopted by the buoy system when the intensity or frequency of the pulse current output by the wave generator is high. The electrical energy output by the wave generator first passes through a buffer energy storage device or regulation circuit, and then is injected into the capacitor in batches to reduce the transient current impact that direct charging may cause to the capacitor, protect the capacitor's health and extend its service life.

[0038] It should be explained that the current sensor connected in the output circuit of the wave generator refers to an electrical measuring device installed on the power output line of the wave generator, used to monitor the instantaneous current signal output by the wave generator in real time; frequency domain analysis refers to the method of converting the current signal that changes with time into frequency components, which can extract the main oscillation frequency and periodic characteristics of the pulse current output by the wave generator; the preset impact index threshold can be obtained by retrieving the pulse current amplitude and frequency data of the same or similar wave generators under different operating conditions, and statistically analyzing the pulse current characteristic range that can safely support direct charging without causing excessive capacitor loss or system abnormalities during long-term system operation, and using the pulse impact index corresponding to this safe range as the preset impact index threshold.

[0039] By monitoring and analyzing the pulse current of the wave generator in real time and selecting the appropriate charging method, the risk of transient impact on the capacitor under high-intensity pulse conditions can be effectively reduced, the energy utilization efficiency of the buoy system can be improved, and the overall service life of the capacitor and the buoy can be extended, ensuring the continuous and reliable transmission of key monitoring data in complex marine environments.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that in this paper, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

[0041] Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0042] In this document, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” may also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that terms such as “comprising / including” or “having” specify the presence of the stated features, integrals, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof. Meanwhile, the term “and / or” as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.

[0043] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The various embodiments can be combined as needed, and the same or similar parts can be referred to each other.

[0044] The above description of the disclosed embodiments will enable those skilled in the art to make or use various modifications to these embodiments. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent optimization control of supercapacitor electrode life, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step S1: Before the ocean buoy performs data reporting, set an evaluation cycle, access the environmental database to retrieve the capacitor's operating temperature data within the evaluation cycle, and count the number of temperature cycles of the capacitor based on the operating temperature data. Step S2: Obtain the data reporting cycle of the ocean buoy through the data reporting record table, adjust the data reporting cycle using the number of temperature cycles, perform data reporting based on the adjusted data reporting cycle, and detect the peak discharge current and equivalent series resistance of the capacitor; Step S3: Evaluate the electrode corrosion level of the capacitor by combining the peak discharge current and the equivalent series resistance, switch the communication mode of the marine buoy according to the electrode corrosion level, monitor the capacitance value of the capacitor, and determine whether to trigger the charging optimization mode based on the capacitance value. Step S4: In the charging optimization mode, monitor the pulse current of the wave generator, obtain the pulse amplitude and pulse frequency of the pulse current, and change the charging method of the capacitor based on the pulse amplitude and pulse frequency.

2. The intelligent optimization control method for the electrode life of a supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, an evaluation period is set, and the capacitor's device ID is matched with the environmental database to obtain the capacitor's operating temperature data within the evaluation period. The operating temperature data of the capacitor during the evaluation period are integrated into a capacitor operating temperature dataset according to the sampling order. Iterate through the capacitor's operating temperature dataset, subtract adjacent operating temperature data to obtain the instantaneous temperature change, and then collect all the instantaneous temperature changes into a single set.

3. The intelligent optimization control method for the electrode life of a supercapacitor according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, the set of instantaneous temperature changes is traversed, and each instantaneous temperature change is multiplied by the preceding and following instantaneous temperature changes respectively: If the result of the multiplication is negative and the absolute value of the result is greater than the preset temperature change threshold, it is determined to be a temperature cycle event of the capacitor. If the result of the multiplication is not negative, then it is determined not to be a temperature cycle event; The number of temperature cycle events is counted as the temperature cycle count.

4. The intelligent optimization control method for the electrode life of a supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the device ID of the ocean buoy is matched with the data reporting record table to obtain the data reporting cycle of the ocean buoy; If the number of temperature cycles of the capacitor is less than the preset temperature cycle threshold, it is determined that the data reporting cycle of the ocean buoy will not be adjusted. Conversely, if the data reporting cycle of the ocean buoy is not adjusted, it will be determined that the data reporting cycle of the ocean buoy needs to be adjusted. When determining whether to adjust the data reporting cycle of the ocean buoy, divide the number of temperature cycles of the capacitor by the preset temperature cycle threshold, and then multiply the reciprocal of the result by the data reporting cycle of the ocean buoy to obtain the adjusted data reporting cycle. Data reporting is performed based on the adjusted data reporting cycle.

5. The intelligent optimization control method for the electrode life of a supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the discharge current waveform flowing through the capacitor is obtained by a current sensor integrated in the charging and discharging circuit; By performing time-domain analysis on the collected discharge current waveform, its maximum value over the entire discharge duration is extracted to obtain the peak discharge current of the capacitor. By integrating the collected discharge current waveform, the total charge transferred from the capacitor during the entire discharge duration can be obtained. The high-precision voltage sampling circuit obtains the capacitor's terminal voltage at the start of the data reporting task and the capacitor's terminal voltage at the end of the data reporting task. Subtract the capacitor's terminal voltage value at the start of the data reporting task from the capacitor's terminal voltage value at the end of the task to obtain the change in terminal voltage during the discharge process. The equivalent series resistance of the capacitor is obtained by dividing the change in terminal voltage during the discharge process by the total amount of charge transferred from the capacitor during the entire discharge duration.

6. The intelligent optimization control method for the electrode life of a supercapacitor according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, the peak discharge current and equivalent series resistance of the capacitor are standardized to obtain the current factor and resistance factor. The electrode health index of the capacitor is calculated by combining the current factor and the resistance factor. If the electrode health index of the capacitor is greater than or equal to the preset first threshold for electrode health, the electrode corrosion level is determined to be level one, and the standard communication mode is switched. If the electrode health index of the capacitor is greater than or equal to the preset second electrode health threshold and less than the preset first electrode health threshold, the electrode corrosion level is determined to be level two, and the simplified communication mode is switched. If the electrode health index of the capacitor is less than the preset second threshold for electrode health, the electrode corrosion level is determined to be level three, and the system switches to emergency communication mode.

7. The intelligent optimization control method for the electrode life of a supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the capacitance value of the capacitor is monitored using an LCR digital bridge; The capacitance retention rate of a capacitor is obtained by dividing its capacitance value by its rated capacitance value. If the capacitor's capacitance retention rate is greater than or equal to the preset capacitance retention threshold, then the charging optimization mode will not be triggered. Conversely, if the charging optimization mode is triggered, it will be determined that the charging optimization mode has been activated.

8. The intelligent optimization control method for the electrode life of a supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the pulse current of the wave generator is monitored in real time by a current sensor connected to the output circuit of the wave generator. By performing time-domain analysis on the pulse current of the wave generator, the peak value of each independent pulse is identified and extracted, and the pulse amplitude of the pulse current is obtained by arithmetically averaging the peak values ​​of all pulses. The pulse frequency of the pulse current is obtained by performing frequency domain analysis on the pulse current of the wave generator.

9. The intelligent optimization control method for the electrode life of a supercapacitor according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S4, the pulse amplitude and pulse frequency of the pulse current are standardized to obtain the amplitude factor and frequency factor. The pulse impact index of the pulse current is calculated by combining the amplitude factor and the frequency factor. If the pulse impact index of the pulse current is less than the preset impact index threshold, then the direct charging method is selected. Conversely, if the condition is not ideal, then a buffer charging method should be selected.

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