Transverse flat planting and partition film covering transplanter for sweet potatoes and use method

Abstract

The invention relates to a sweet potato transverse flat planting zoning film mulching transplanter and a use method. The sweet potato transverse flat planting zoning film mulching transplanter comprises a rotary tillage device, a ridging device, a fertilizing device, a seedling planting device, a soil covering device, a drip irrigation device and a zoning film mulching device with a ridge side potato seedling growing point as the center, wherein the rotary tillage device, the ridging device, the fertilizing device, the seedling planting device, the soil covering device and the drip irrigation device are located on a rack. When the machine is used, firstly, the rotary tillage ridging device is used for ditching, soil loosening and ridging, and the fertilizing device is used for fertilizing; then, the sweet potato seedlings are horizontally planted in the direction perpendicular to the ridge direction through a seedling planting device, and the sweet potato seedlings are covered with soil through a bilateral soil covering device and covered with a mulching film; the zoning film mulching device performs film mulching, the A-zone film mulching covers the ridge surface and the side surface of the non-growing-point ridge of the potato seedlings, and the B-zone film mulching covers the side surface of the growing-point ridge of the potato seedlings. Rotary tillage, ridging, fertilization, transverse flat planting, soil covering, drip irrigation tape laying and zoned film mulching can be completed at a time, and film-breaking-free film mulching and transplanting after rotary tillage, ridging and flat planting of sweet potatoes are achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of crop transplanting machinery, especially to the horizontal transplanting and mulching of sweet potato seedlings, in particular to a horizontal flat planting and partition mulching transplanter for sweet potato and a use method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Sweet potato, as an important food crop, plays an important role in ensuring food security and promoting agricultural economic development, and is an important force to realize rural revitalization and help build a powerful nation. The current production of sweet potato ridge planting technology mainly includes four typical types of straight planting method, inclined planting method, horizontal planting method and boat bottom shape planting method. The horizontal planting method has the core advantages of more tubers and uniform tuber size, and shows significant adaptability in planting scenarios. This planting method is especially suitable for the demand of fresh sweet potato for commodity potato appearance and yield, so it has developed into a widely used mainstream cultivation mode in the current fresh sweet potato planting field.

[0003] At present, when related sweet potato seedlings are horizontally planted, mechanical rotary plowing is usually used to form ridges and cover mulch, and then artificial planting is carried out, which is labor-intensive and low in efficiency. In order to solve the problems existing in artificial planting, some existing horizontal transplanting and mulching machines use chain type seedling planting device instead of artificial planting, but still need to carry out film buckling work after transplanting and mulching, which slows down the work efficiency. At present, the sweet potato industry urgently needs to realize the mechanized horizontal mulching and transplanting of high-efficiency sweet potato seedlings. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a horizontal flat planting and partition mulching transplanter for sweet potato and a use method thereof, which realizes integrated operation of covering soil and mulching, and greatly improves the work efficiency.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a sweet potato horizontal planting and mulching transplanting machine, comprising a frame, and a ridging device, a mulching device, and a soil covering device mounted on the frame. The mulching device includes a B-zone mulching frame located to the left of the ridging device and an A-zone mulching frame located above and behind the ridging device. Mulch film covering the left sloping surface and the left bottom surface of the ridge is installed on the B-zone mulching frame, and mulch film covering the top surface, the right sloping surface, and the right bottom surface of the ridge is installed on the A-zone mulching frame. The soil covering device includes a soil elevator I located to the left of the ridging device and a soil elevator I located to the right of the ridging device. The discharge end of the soil elevator II is equipped with a soil separating plate I. Below the soil falling channel in front of the soil separating plate I is a guide plate I. Below the soil falling channel behind the soil separating plate I is a guide plate II. The discharge end of the guide plate I corresponds to the mulched furrow on the left side of the ridge, and the discharge end of the guide plate II corresponds to the top of the ridge. The discharge end of the soil elevator II is equipped with a soil separating plate II. Below the soil falling channel in front of the soil separating plate II is a guide plate III. Below the soil falling channel behind the soil separating plate II is a guide plate IV. The discharge end of the guide plate III corresponds to the root of the potato seedling falling on the ridge, and the discharge end of the guide plate IV corresponds to the mulched furrow on the right side of the ridge. The mulch film extending from the film-hanging frame in area A is located behind the discharge end of guide plate III and in front of the discharge end of guide plate II.

[0006] This solution achieves independent mulching in zones centered on the potato seedling growth point by setting up mulch racks in Zone A and Zone B. The soil-separating plate in the mulching device presses the soil to fix the mulch in Zone A and Zone B respectively, thus achieving simultaneous mulching and soil covering.

[0007] As an optimization, the ridging device includes a left ridging plate and a right ridging plate that are opposite each other in the left-right direction and fixed to the frame. The distance between the upper ends of the left and right ridging plates is smaller than the distance between their lower ends. A seedling support plate for supporting the sweet potato seedlings and leaves is fixed to the left side of the left ridging plate. The ridging device of this optimized scheme uses left and right ridging plates to create ridges, has a simple structure, and the seedling support plate provides support for the sweet potato seedlings and leaves, making it easier to maintain the placement of the sweet potato seedlings.

[0008] As an optimization, the seedling support plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the left ridging plate, and a film-pressing wheel is provided below the seedling support plate. The film-pressing wheel is rotatably connected to the seedling support plate via a vertical shaft, and passes through the left ridging plate to the right. This optimized solution, by setting the film-pressing wheel, presses the mulch film in area B into the side of the ridge, ensuring the reliability of the mulch film fixation.

[0009] As an optimization, a film covering scraper is arranged between the film hanging frame in area A and the discharge end of the soil guide plate III, and the lower edge of the film covering scraper is provided with a protrusion protruding downward, which corresponds to the left edge of the mulching film extending from the film hanging frame in area A. The optimization scheme is beneficial to improve the flatness of the ridge top surface by arranging the film covering scraper, and the protrusion is arranged to form a groove on the ridge top surface, and the left edge of the mulching film in area A is located in the groove, which can better seal the mulching film after soil covering, prevent the edge of the mulching film from being exposed, and avoid the mulching film being blown up by the wind.

[0010] As an optimization, a limiting ring is fixedly arranged on the film hanging frame in area A, and the mulching film on the film hanging frame in area A is located on the right side of the limiting ring, and the limiting ring corresponds to the protrusion in the front-rear direction. The optimization scheme limits the mulching film on the film hanging frame in area A by arranging the limiting ring, which better ensures that the edge of the mulching film in area A is located at the groove position.

[0011] As an optimization, a pressing wheel frame is rotatably connected to the frame through a horizontal shaft, and a pressing wheel located behind the soil covering device is rotatably arranged on the pressing wheel frame, and the pressing wheel corresponds to the ridge top surface. The optimization scheme arranges the pressing wheel to press the ridge top surface after film covering and soil covering, so that the mulching film is more stable.

[0012] As an optimization, an upwardly extending hanging plate is fixedly arranged on the pressing wheel frame, a support rod is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the hanging plate, and a support plate is fixedly arranged on the frame below the support rod. The optimization scheme uses the support plate to support the support rod, thereby limiting the lower limit position of the pressing wheel, preventing the pressing wheel from damaging the ridge, and allowing the pressing wheel to move upward to avoid damage to the ridge caused by hard protrusions on the ridge.

[0013] As an optimization, a drip irrigation device and a chain type seedling planting device are also arranged on the frame, the drip irrigation device includes a drip irrigation tape frame arranged on the frame, a drip irrigation tape wheel shaft-connected to the drip irrigation tape frame, and a drip irrigation tape string groove fixedly connected to the frame, the drip irrigation tape string groove is located between the two transplanting chains of the chain type seedling planting device, and the drip irrigation tape extending from the drip irrigation tape wheel extends to the upper side behind the seedling planting point of the chain type seedling planting device through the drip irrigation tape string groove. The optimization scheme arranges the drip irrigation device to lay the drip irrigation tape, and arranges the chain type seedling planting device to replace manual seedling planting, and the laying path of the drip irrigation tape is arranged to pass above the seedling planting point of the chain type seedling planting device, so as to prevent the seedling planting claws of the chain type seedling planting device from carrying the sweet potato seedlings, and ensure that the sweet potato seedlings are separated from the seedling planting claws.

[0014] The scheme also provides a use method of the above-mentioned sweet potato transplanter for transverse flat planting and partitioned mulching and transplanting, which includes the following steps: S1, the sweet potato seedlings are sent to the seedling planting point by the chain type seedling planting device, the sweet potato seedlings reaching the seedling planting point fall on the ridge top surface and are perpendicular to the ridge, the sweet potato seedlings are pressed below by the drip irrigation tape, and the sweet potato seedlings are separated from the seedling planting claws of the chain type seedling planting device by the blocking effect of the drip irrigation tape, so as to prevent the seedling planting claws from carrying the sweet potato seedlings upward; S2. Independent mulching is carried out with the growing point of the potato seedlings on the ridge as the center. Mulching in area A includes mulching on the top surface of the ridge and mulching on the sides of the ridge where the potato seedlings are not growing. After the potato seedlings on the ridge are covered with soil, a groove is shoveled out using a mulching scraper, and then the mulch film in area A is laid. The left end of the mulch film in area A is located in the groove, and the right end of the mulch film in area A extends to the edge of the right furrow and is fixed by pressing the soil with a mulching device. Mulching in area B includes mulching on the sides of the ridge where the potato seedlings are growing. The upper end of the mulch film in area B is pressed into the ridge to a certain depth below the leaves of the potato seedlings by a pressing wheel, and the lower end of the mulch film in area B extends to the edge of the left furrow and is fixed by pressing the soil with a mulching device. S3. Using soil elevator I and soil elevator II, the soil is lifted. When the soil lifted by soil elevator I falls, it is diverted by soil divider I. The soil in front of soil divider I is used for soil compaction and fixation at the mulching furrow position in area B, and the soil behind soil divider I is used for soil compaction and fixation at the mulching top surface position in area A. When the soil lifted by soil elevator II falls, it is diverted by soil divider II. The soil in front of soil divider II is used for covering the potato seedlings, and the soil behind soil divider II is used for soil compaction and fixation at the mulching furrow position in area A.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: it not only realizes the integrated operation of horizontal transplanting of sweet potato seedlings, rotary tillage and ridging, drip irrigation tape laying and mulching, but also realizes zoned mulching through the setting of soil covering device and mulching device, and realizes mulching without breaking the film for horizontal transplanting of sweet potato seedlings, thus improving the efficiency of operation. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of the present invention (with the rotary tillage device and fertilizer application device removed). Figure 3 This is a left-side view of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the soil covering device of the present invention. Figure I ; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the soil covering device of the present invention. Figure II ; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the soil covering device of the present invention. Figure III (Looking up); Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the press wheel structure; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the coating device structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the soil covering device of the present invention (with the chain-type seedling planting device removed). Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a chain-drop seedling planting device; As shown in the figure: 1. Frame, 2. Film pressing disc, 3. Ground wheel, 4. Guide plate I, 5. Film hanging frame in Zone B, 6. Soil elevator I, 7. Ditcher, 8. Rotary tillage device 9. Hanging frame; 10. Fertilizer box; 11. Chain-type seedling planting device; 12. Drip irrigation device; 13. Soil lifting machine II; 14. Right ridging plate; 15. Left ridging plate; 16. Pressing wheel; 17. Area A film hanging frame; 18. Film covering scraper; 19. Film pressing wheel; 20. Seedling support plate; 21. Soil guide plate II; 22. Soil separating plate I; 23. Soil guide plate IV; 24. Soil guide plate III; 25. Soil separating plate II; 26. Pressing wheel frame; 27. Hanging plate; 28. Support plate; 29. ​​Support rod; 30. Limiting ring; 31. Drip irrigation tape trough; 32. Gearbox; 33. Fertilizer pipe; 34. Transplanting chain; 35. Seedling claw; 36. Stop bar; 37. Driven wheel; 38. Drip irrigation tape pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, the following detailed implementation method will be used to explain the solution.

[0018] like Figure 1 The sweet potato horizontal flat planting and mulching transplanter shown includes a frame 1 with ground wheels 3, and a rotary tiller 8, a ridging device, a mulching device, a soil covering device, and a drip irrigation device 12 installed on the frame 1. The rotary tiller is located at the front end of the frame. The frame is also fixed with a suspension frame 9, a gearbox 32, and a fertilizer device located above the rotary tiller. The suspension frame is used to connect to the traction equipment, and the gearbox is used to transmit the power provided by the traction equipment. A chain seedling planting device 11 is set behind the fertilizer device to replace manual seedling planting and deliver the sweet potato seedlings to the top of the ridge. The chain seedling planting device 11 is located in the middle position in the left-right direction of the frame. A film pressing disc 2 is installed on both sides of the rear end of the frame.

[0019] The rotary tillage device 8 includes a horizontally placed rotary tillage shaft, a rotary tillage blade assembly fixedly installed on the rotary tillage shaft, and a centrally located furrow opener 7 in front of the rotary tillage blade assembly. The power of the traction equipment transmitted through the gearbox 32 drives the rotary tillage shaft to rotate, thereby performing rotary tillage operations.

[0020] The ridging device includes a left ridging plate 15 and a right ridging plate 14, which are opposite each other in the left-right direction and fixed to the frame. The distance between the upper ends of the left ridging plate 15 and the right ridging plate 14 is smaller than the distance between their lower ends. A seedling support plate 20 for supporting the potato seedlings and leaves is fixed to the left side of the left ridging plate. The seedling support plate 20 is fixed to the upper end of the left ridging plate. A film-pressing wheel 19 is provided below the seedling support plate 20, and the film-pressing wheel 19 is rotatably connected to the seedling support plate 20 through a vertical shaft. The film-pressing wheel 19 passes through the left ridging plate 15 to the right. The left ridging plate has a groove for the film-pressing wheel to pass through, and the edge of the film-pressing wheel is set as an arc surface to avoid tearing the mulch film. The seedling support plate extends from the planting point to the back of the film-pressing wheel to prevent the film-pressing wheel from catching on the seedling leaves.

[0021] When the whole machine moves forward, the furrow opener 7 initially cultivates, the rotary tillage shaft and rotary tillage knife are driven to rotate through the belt drive, the land is cultivated and loosened, the double-side ridging plates initially gather the soil, and the ridges with flat ridges are obtained after the ridges are repaired by the film scraping plate, and the planting ridges for sweet potatoes are initially formed to ensure the horizontal transplanting of the sweet potato seedlings.

[0022] The fertilizer device comprises a fertilizer box 10 fixedly connected with the frame, a fertilizer pipe 33 fixedly connected with the bottom of the fertilizer box 10 and in communication, a fertilizer dredging wheel and a fertilizer motor for driving the fertilizer dredging wheel to rotate are installed on the fertilizer pipe, a fertilizer stirring blade is arranged on the fertilizer dredging wheel, the fertilizer stirring blade is driven to rotate by the fertilizer motor, fertilizer application is realized, and the lower end of the fertilizer pipe extends to the rotary tillage device directly above.

[0023] The chain type seedling planting device 11 comprises two transplanting chains 34 symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides and conveying the sweet potato seedlings, the transplanting chains 34 are supported in the shape of an approximately right-angled triangle by three transmission shafts fixed on the frame 1 through bearing seats, one seedling planting claw 35 is fixedly arranged every three chain links, the upper horizontal section is a sweet potato seedling placing section, and the front vertical section is a sweet potato seedling conveying section; one blocking strip 36 is fixedly arranged at the front end of each transplanting chain in the sweet potato seedling conveying section, and the blocking strip 36 is a certain distance away from the seedling planting claw 35 to assist in conveying the sweet potato seedlings. The inclined chain section connects the sweet potato seedling placing section and the conveying section to form a triangular loop. The lower section of the conveying section is provided with a driven wheel 37 matched with the transplanting chain 34, the driven wheel 37 is provided with a wheel groove matched with the drip irrigation belt, and the laying end of the drip irrigation belt extends backward after winding around the wheel groove from the front side to form an obstacle to the upward movement of the sweet potato seedlings, so that the transplanting chain is prevented from carrying the sweet potato seedlings upward, and the sweet potato seedlings are separated from the seedling planting claw.

[0024] The seedling planting claw 35 comprises a bottom plate connected with the transplanting chain and a blocking plate connected with the bottom plate, the front blocking plate is two vertical plate strips, the rear blocking plate is at an angle of 45° with the bottom plate, and a groove is formed in the position opposite to the blocking strip 36. The blocking strip 36 comprises a vertical long strip section and a circular arc section with a central angle of 90° connected to the bottom end of the long strip section, the length of the long strip section is 700 mm, and the diameter of the circular arc section is 40 mm.

[0025] When the seedling claws reach the connecting position of the conveying section and the returning section of the transplanting chain, the seedling point is reached, and the sweet potato seedlings are affected by gravity and fall vertically on the horizontal ridge surface. A drip irrigation belt string groove is arranged at the middle of the two transplanting chains at the seedling point. After the drip irrigation belt passes through the drip irrigation belt string groove, it is laid on the ridge surface along with the sweet potato seedlings by winding around the middle driven wheel, and the sweet potato seedlings are completely separated from the seedling claws by the pressure of the drip irrigation belt. At the same time when the sweet potato seedlings reach the seedling point, the drip irrigation belt is laid on the ridge surface along with the sweet potato seedlings, and the sweet potato seedlings planted in the soil are separated from the seedling claws. The blocking strips are arranged in the gap between the seedling claws, and the sweet potato seedlings are fixed during the downward transportation process to prevent the sweet potato seedlings from falling off the seedling claws. The seedling racks are arranged on both sides of the machine frame to facilitate the orderly placement of the sweet potato seedlings, and the machine frame space can be reasonably utilized, which is conducive to improving the work efficiency during the planting of the sweet potato seedlings.

[0026] The film covering device comprises a B area film hanging rack 5 arranged on the left side of the ridging device and an A area film hanging rack 17 arranged above the rear side of the ridging device. The axis of the B area film hanging rack 5 is at a certain angle with the side of the ridge, the bottom end is outside the ridge ditch, is supported by a hanging plate fixed to the machine frame, and the top end is connected to the upper edge of the left ridging plate. The B area film hanging rack 5 is provided with a film covering the left side slope and the bottom surface of the left side of the ridge. The A area film hanging rack 17 is arranged along the left-right direction, and the A area film hanging rack 17 is provided with a film covering the top surface of the ridge, the right side slope and the bottom surface of the right side of the ridge.

[0027] The soil covering device comprises a soil lifter I 6 arranged on the left side of the ridging device and a soil lifter II 13 arranged on the right side of the ridging device. The soil lifter I 6 and the soil lifter II 13 each comprise a lifting chain rotatably arranged on the machine frame and an L-shaped scraper arranged on the lifting chain. When the lifting chain is rotated by the power transmitted by the speed change box, the scraper is driven to dig soil and transport the soil upward in sequence. The feeding ports of the soil lifter I 6 and the soil lifter II 13 are arranged opposite to the rotary tiller to ensure that the soil can be scraped and transported upward. The discharge end of the soil lifter I 6 is provided with a soil distribution plate I 22. A downwardly inclined soil guide plate I 4 is arranged below the soil falling channel in front of the soil distribution plate I 22. A downwardly inclined soil guide plate II 21 is arranged below the soil falling channel behind the soil distribution plate I 22. The discharge end of the soil guide plate I 4 corresponds to the film covering ridge ditch on the left side of the ridge, and is used for covering and sealing the soil at the film covering ridge ditch position in the B area. The discharge end of the soil guide plate II 21 corresponds to the top surface of the ridge, and is used for covering and sealing the soil at the film covering top surface position in the A area.

[0028] The discharge end of the soil lifter II 13 is provided with a soil distribution plate II 25. A downwardly inclined soil guide plate III 24 is arranged below the soil falling channel in front of the soil distribution plate II 25. A downwardly inclined soil guide plate IV 23 is arranged below the soil falling channel behind the soil distribution plate II 25. The discharge end of the soil guide plate III 24 corresponds to the root part of the sweet potato seedling placed on the ridge, and is used for covering the root part of the sweet potato seedling placed on the ridge. The discharge end of the soil guide plate IV 23 corresponds to the film covering ridge ditch on the right side of the ridge, and is used for covering and sealing the soil at the film covering ridge ditch position in the A area.

[0029] The mulching film extended from the A area film hanging frame is located behind the discharge end of the soil guide plate Ⅲ 24 and in front of the discharge end of the soil guide plate Ⅱ 21, so that the potato seedling is covered with soil, then covered with film, and then covered with soil in sequence. The film pressing wheel 19 is located between the B area film hanging frame 5 and the soil guide plate Ⅱ 21, and the upper edge of the B area mulching film is pressed tightly against the ridge side before soil covering and film pressing.

[0030] A film covering scraper 18 mounted on the frame is arranged between the A area film hanging frame 17 and the discharge end of the soil guide plate Ⅲ 24, and the lower edge of the film covering scraper 18 is provided with a protrusion protruding downward, which corresponds to the left edge of the mulching film extended from the A area film hanging frame. When the whole machine moves, the protrusion is used to dig a groove on the ridge top surface, and the left edge of the mulching film extended from the A area film hanging frame is located in the groove, so that the sealing effect is ensured after soil covering. The film covering scraper of the embodiment is rotatably connected to the frame through a hinge, and the maximum rotation position of the film covering scraper is perpendicular to the ridge top surface. When the groove does not need to be dug, the film covering scraper can be rotated forward and stored.

[0031] A limiting ring 30 is fixedly arranged on the A area film hanging frame, and the mulching film on the A area film hanging frame 17 is located to the right of the limiting ring 30, and the limiting ring corresponds to the protrusion in the front-rear direction, so that the left edge of the mulching film extended from the A area film hanging frame is more conveniently ensured to be located in the groove.

[0032] A roller frame 26 is rotatably connected to the frame through a horizontal shaft, and a roller 16 located behind the soil covering device is rotatably mounted on the roller frame 26, and the roller 16 corresponds to the ridge top surface. The mulching film is pressed by the rear roller after being covered, so as to strengthen the stability of the mulching film.

[0033] An upwardly extending hanging plate 27 is fixedly arranged on the roller frame, and a support rod 29 is fixedly arranged on the upper end of the hanging plate 27, and a support plate 28 located below the support rod is fixedly arranged on the frame. The support plate 28 of the embodiment is formed by two support plates arranged left and right, and a guide channel adapted to the hanging plate is formed between the two support plates 28.

[0034] Before work, the mulching film on the A area film hanging frame is unfolded and laid on the ridge surface and the non-growth point ridge side of the potato seedling and is pressed and fixed to the soil, and the upper end of the mulching film on the B area film hanging frame is left with a certain width to pass through the film pressing wheel and the lower end is laid in the right side ridge ditch and is pressed and fixed to the soil. While the whole machine advances, the mulching film is rotated on the film hanging frame, the left end of the mulching film hung on the A area film hanging frame is located in the groove dug by the film covering scraper, the right end of the mulching film is located in the left side ridge ditch, is sealed by the soil covering device, the edge is completely covered by the soil, and is pressed by the rear roller, so as to strengthen the stability of the mulching film; the upper end of the mulching film hung on the B area film hanging frame is pressed into a certain depth of the field ridge by the film pressing wheel operation, and the lower end is located in the left side ridge ditch and is sealed by the soil covering device.

[0035] The partitioned film covering device effectively solves the operation process of needing to buckle the film after the whole film covering of the horizontal transplanting of sweet potatoes, simplifies the horizontal transplanting process of the sweet potatoes, and improves the transplanting efficiency The drip irrigation device 12 comprises a drip irrigation belt frame mounted on the frame, a drip irrigation belt wheel shaft-connected to the drip irrigation belt frame, and a drip irrigation belt string groove 31 fixed to the frame, the drip irrigation belt string groove 31 is located between the two transplanting chains of the chain type seedling planting device, and the drip irrigation belt extending from the drip irrigation belt wheel extends to the upper side of the rear of the seedling planting point of the chain type seedling planting device through the drip irrigation belt string groove. Specifically, the drip irrigation belt is placed on the drip irrigation belt wheel, passes through the drip irrigation belt string groove 31 from the lower drive shaft in the seedling planting device to be laid on the ridge surface after the potato seedlings are transplanted, the drip irrigation belt string groove 31 is two, one of which is fixed to the rear end of the frame between the two transplanting chains, and the other is located behind the driven wheel 37 in the middle of the drive shaft below the seedling planting device, the two drip irrigation belt string grooves are communicated by a drip irrigation belt pipeline 38 to prevent the drip irrigation belt from being interfered by the seedling planting claws of the transplanting chain when the drip irrigation belt is laid, and to assist the drip irrigation belt to smoothly pass through the driven wheel 37 to press the potato seedlings, the two ends of the drip irrigation belt pipeline 38 are respectively fixed to the two drip irrigation belt string grooves 31. When the whole machine advances, the drip irrigation belt rotates on the drip irrigation belt wheel, passes through the drip irrigation belt string groove and passes through the driven wheel, is laid on the ridge surface after the potato seedlings are transplanted, is fixed in the field ridge with the potato seedlings, and the laying of the drip irrigation belt is completed. The setting of the drip irrigation belt pipeline facilitates the stable laying of the drip irrigation belt and effectively prevents the interference of the seedling planting claws with the drip irrigation belt.

[0036] In use, the potato transplanter is used to load the fertilizer into the fertilizer box of the fertilizer application device, place the potato seedlings on the double-sided seedling placing frame, press the soil after the drip irrigation belt passes through the drip irrigation belt string groove and passes through the driven wheel, and fix the mulch film on the mulch film hanging frame to the ridge surface and the ridge ditch, and drive the whole machine to work in the field by the traction equipment.

[0037] Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: S1, manually place the potato seedlings into the seedling planting claws of the seedling planting point of the chain type seedling planting device with the leaves on the left side, and the roots are located on the right side edge of the seedling planting claws, and the potato seedlings are sent to the seedling planting point by the chain type seedling planting device, the potato seedlings falling on the ridge top surface are perpendicular to the ridge, the potato seedlings are pressed below by the drip irrigation belt, and the potato seedlings are separated from the seedling planting claws of the chain type seedling planting device by the blocking action of the drip irrigation belt, so as to prevent the seedling planting claws from upwardly taking the seedlings; S2, independently mulch the ridge side potato seedling growth point, the A area mulching includes ridge top surface mulching and non-growth point ridge side mulching, the ridge surface is scraped into a groove after the potato seedlings are covered with soil, then the A area mulch film is laid, the left end of the A area mulch film is located at the groove, the right end of the A area mulch film extends to the right side ridge ditch edge, and is fixed by the soil covering device; the B area mulching includes the growth point ridge side mulching, the upper end of the B area mulch film is laterally pressed into the field ridge at a certain depth below the potato seedling leaves by the mulch film pressing wheel, the lower end of the B area mulch film extends to the left side ridge ditch edge, and is fixed by the soil covering device, to complete the zoned mulching work and realize the free mulching after the potato seedlings are transplanted; S3, the soil is lifted by the soil lifter I and the soil lifter II, the soil lifted by the soil lifter I is divided into two parts by the soil dividing plate I when falling, the soil in front of the soil dividing plate I is used for soil pressing and fixing at the film mulching ridge position of the B area, and the soil behind the soil dividing plate I is used for soil pressing and fixing at the film mulching ridge top position of the A area; the soil lifted by the soil lifter II is divided into two parts by the soil dividing plate II when falling, the soil in front of the soil dividing plate II is used for soil covering of the potato seedlings, and the soil behind the soil dividing plate II is used for soil pressing and fixing at the film mulching ridge position of the A area.

[0038] The present application firstly uses the rotary tillage device and the ridging device to loosen and ridge the soil, ensures the accuracy of the planting device planting point, and fertilizes when the fertilizing device rotary tillage; then the potato seedlings are placed on the seedling claws by hand, the planting device vertically moves the potato seedlings to the planting point, the drip irrigation belt is laid on the potato seedlings when reaching the planting point, and the drip irrigation belt assists the fixation of the potato seedlings; then the soil covering device covers the soil for the potato seedlings, the partition film mulching device A area film mulching position is the ridge surface and the non-growth point ridge side of the potato seedlings, and the B area film mulching position is the growth point ridge side of the potato seedlings, so that the leaves of the seedlings are exposed, and subsequent film breaking treatment is not needed. Compared with the existing machine device, the present application is complete in function, can simultaneously complete rotary tillage, ridging, fertilization, planting, and drip irrigation belt laying, and independently divides the two sides into two areas for film mulching with the growth point of the potato seedlings on the ridge side as the center, realizes the horizontal transplanting and film mulching integrated operation of the sweet potato, simplifies the mechanical process, and improves the transplanting efficiency.

[0039] The fertilizing device is arranged above the rotary tillage and ridging device, which facilitates efficient fertilization of the soil after rotary tillage and ridging; the planting device is arranged behind the fertilizing device, which facilitates planting after ridging; the drip irrigation device is arranged behind the planting device, the drip irrigation belt is laid on the ridge surface when reaching the planting point through the drip irrigation belt string groove guide, the drip irrigation belt is laid above the potato seedlings to assist the fixation of the potato seedlings, so that the potato seedlings are stabilized and are not taken out by the planting claws; the double-side soil covering device is arranged on both sides of the frame and is divided into four soil covering guides through the soil dividing plate, which facilitates multi-channel soil covering operation, and completes the soil covering of the potato seedlings and the multi-directional fixation of the mulch film at one time; the partition film mulching device is arranged behind the planting device, independently divides the two areas for film mulching with the growth point of the potato seedlings on the ridge side as the center, so that the mulch film does not cover the leaves of the seedlings, and the film breaking process after the whole transplanting and film mulching is omitted.

[0040] Of course, the above description is not limited to the above examples, and the technical features not described in the present application can be realized by or using the prior art, which will not be repeated here; the above examples and drawings are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not a limitation on the present application, the preferred embodiments are described in detail, and those skilled in the art should understand that the changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the essential scope of the present application do not deviate from the purpose of the present application, and should also belong to the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A sweet potato horizontal planting and mulching transplanting machine, comprising a frame, and a ridging device, a mulching device, and a soil covering device mounted on the frame, characterized in that: The mulching device includes a B-zone film hanging frame (5) located on the left side of the ridging device and an A-zone film hanging frame (17) located above the rear side of the ridging device. The B-zone film hanging frame (5) is equipped with mulch covering the left sloping surface and the left bottom surface of the ridge, and the A-zone film hanging frame (17) is equipped with mulch covering the top surface of the ridge, the right sloping surface of the ridge, and the right bottom surface of the ridge. The soil covering device includes a soil elevator I (6) located on the left side of the ridging device and a soil elevator II (13) located on the right side of the ridging device. The discharge end of the soil elevator I (6) is provided with a soil separating plate I (22). A soil guide plate I (4) is provided below the soil falling channel in front of the soil separating plate I (22). A soil guide plate II (21) is provided below the soil falling channel behind the soil separating plate I (22). The discharge end of the soil guide plate I (4) corresponds to the mulching furrow on the left side of the ridge, and the discharge end of the soil guide plate II (21) corresponds to the top of the ridge. The soil elevator II (13) is equipped with a soil separating plate II (25) at the discharge end. A soil guide plate III (24) is provided below the soil falling channel in front of the soil separating plate II (25). A soil guide plate IV (23) is provided below the soil falling channel behind the soil separating plate II (25). The discharge end of the soil guide plate III (24) corresponds to the root of the potato seedling falling on the ridge. The discharge end of the soil guide plate IV (23) corresponds to the mulched furrow on the right side of the ridge. The mulch film extending from the film-hanging frame in area A is located behind the discharge end of guide plate Ⅲ (24) and in front of the discharge end of guide plate Ⅱ (21).

2. The sweet potato horizontal planting and mulching transplanting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ridging device includes a left ridging plate (15) and a right ridging plate (14) that are opposite each other in the left-right direction and fixed to the frame. The distance between the upper ends of the left ridging plate (15) and the right ridging plate (14) is smaller than the distance between the lower ends. A seedling support plate (20) supporting the potato seedling and leaves is fixed on the left side of the left ridging plate.

3. The sweet potato horizontal planting and mulching transplanting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The seedling tray (20) is fixed to the upper end of the left ridging board. A film pressing wheel (19) is provided below the seedling tray (20), and the film pressing wheel (19) is rotatably connected to the seedling tray (20) through a vertical shaft. The film pressing wheel (19) passes through the left ridging board (15) to the right.

4. The sweet potato horizontal planting and mulching transplanting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Between the discharge end of the film hanging frame (17) in area A and the soil guide plate III (24), there is a film covering scraper (18) installed on the frame. The lower edge of the film covering scraper (18) has a downward protrusion, which corresponds to the left edge of the film extending from the film hanging frame in area A.

5. A sweet potato horizontal planting and mulching transplanting machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: A limiting ring (30) is fixed on the film hanging frame in area A. The film on the film hanging frame (17) in area A is located to the right of the limiting ring (30), and the limiting ring corresponds to the protrusion in the front-back direction.

6. A sweet potato horizontal planting and mulching transplanting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A press wheel frame (26) is rotatably connected to the frame via a horizontal shaft. A press wheel (16) located behind the soil covering device is rotatably mounted on the press wheel frame (26). The press wheel (16) corresponds to the top of the ridge.

7. A sweet potato horizontal planting and mulching transplanting machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: An upwardly extending hanging plate (27) is fixed on the press wheel frame, and a support rod (29) is fixed on the upper end of the hanging plate (27). A support plate (28) located below the support rod is fixed on the frame.

8. A sweet potato horizontal planting and mulching transplanting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame is also equipped with a drip irrigation device (12) and a chain seedling device (11). The drip irrigation device (12) includes a drip irrigation belt frame installed on the frame, a drip irrigation belt wheel connected to the drip irrigation belt frame, and a drip irrigation belt trough (31) fixed to the frame. The drip irrigation belt trough (31) is located between the two transplanting chains of the chain seedling device. The drip irrigation belt extending from the drip irrigation belt wheel extends through the drip irrigation belt trough to the rear side above the seedling point of the chain seedling device.

9. A method of using a sweet potato horizontal planting and mulching transplanter according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The sweet potato seedlings are delivered to the planting point through the chain planting device. Once the seedlings reach the planting point, they fall onto the top of the ridge and are perpendicular to the ridge direction. The drip irrigation belt is used to press the sweet potato seedlings down, and the drip irrigation belt acts as a barrier to separate the sweet potato seedlings from the planting claws of the chain planting device, preventing the planting claws from pulling the seedlings upward. S2. Independent mulching is carried out with the growing point of the potato seedlings on the ridge as the center. Mulching in area A includes mulching on the top surface of the ridge and mulching on the sides of the ridge where the seedlings are not growing. After the seedlings on the ridge are covered with soil, a groove is shoveled out using a mulching scraper, and then the mulch film in area A is laid. The left end of the mulch film in area A is located in the groove, and the right end of the mulch film in area A extends to the edge of the right furrow and is fixed by pressing the soil with a mulching device. Mulching in area B includes mulching on the sides of the ridge where the seedlings are growing. The upper end of the mulch film in area B is pressed into the ridge by a pressing wheel below the seedlings and leaves, and the lower end of the mulch film in area B extends to the edge of the left furrow and is fixed by pressing the soil with a mulching device. S3. Using soil elevator I and soil elevator II, the soil is lifted. When the soil lifted by soil elevator I falls, it is diverted by soil divider I. The soil in front of soil divider I is used for soil compaction and fixation at the mulching furrow position in area B, and the soil behind soil divider I is used for soil compaction and fixation at the mulching top surface position in area A. When the soil lifted by soil elevator II falls, it is diverted by soil divider II. The soil in front of soil divider II is used for covering the potato seedlings, and the soil behind soil divider II is used for soil compaction and fixation at the mulching furrow position in area A.

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