Adjustable shield body capable of being used for reducing shield tunneling machine and reducing method

Abstract

The invention relates to an adjustable shield body capable of being used for a variable-diameter shield tunneling machine and a variable-diameter method of the adjustable shield body. According to the adjustable shield body, a traditional integral type shield body structure is creatively innovated into a framework of standard partitioning and intelligent fine adjustment compensation partitioning, and progressive and large-range adjustment of the diameter is achieved by increasing or decreasing the standard partitioning; perimeter compensation and roundness control are achieved through tapered wedge stepless fine adjustment of the compensation blocks, and the industry problem that the last block cannot be spliced in the variable-diameter shield body splicing process is solved through combination of the perimeter compensation and the roundness control. Meanwhile, through the arrangement of the gear shifting connecting mechanism, decoupling of the thrust oil cylinder and the shield body is achieved, and one set of oil cylinder can be matched with multiple diameters. Through the innovation of the structure, the whole scheme has high efficiency of modularization and high precision of fine adjustment, and the construction flexibility, reliability and economical efficiency of the variable-diameter shield tunneling machine are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel boring machine technology, and in particular to an adjustable shield body and a method for changing the diameter of a tunnel boring machine. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of urbanization and the increasing density of urban populations, the construction scenarios for urban subway and other tunnel projects are becoming increasingly demanding and challenging. The locations of subway station locations are becoming increasingly inconvenient for construction. Generally, stations are built by widening the existing shield tunnel, mostly through manual / mechanical open-cut excavation. This method requires a large site area, has a long construction period, disrupts surrounding traffic, and prolongs project progress, causing inconvenience to people's travel and daily life. Variable-diameter shield tunneling (TBMs) allows for station construction by changing the tunnel diameter at the station location, eliminating the need for open-cut excavation and not affecting surface traffic. Therefore, variable-diameter TBMs are gaining wider application. However, when using variable-diameter TBMs for tunnel construction, the TBMs themselves are often complex in structure, making the diameter-changing operation difficult, especially achieving a "true circle" after diameter change, which limits the speed and accuracy of the diameter-changing operation. Furthermore, current technology is still limited to widening the diameter outside the tunnel and narrowing it inside, resulting in poor construction flexibility. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an adjustable shield body and a diameter-changing method that can be used in variable-diameter tunnel boring machines, which can quickly change the diameter during the construction of subway tunnels and stations to meet different usage scenarios.

[0004] First aspect: An adjustable shield body for use in a variable diameter tunnel boring machine includes a first shield ring, a second shield ring, a shifting connection mechanism, and a propulsion cylinder. The second shield body is radially arranged around the first shield body and is bolted to the first shield ring. The second shield ring includes standard blocks and compensation blocks. The standard blocks are located at the bottom and left and right sides of the first shield ring, and adjacent standard blocks are connected sequentially. The compensation blocks are located at the top of the first shield ring, and their left and right sides abut against the standard blocks respectively. The compensation block is equipped with a radial adjustment mechanism, which includes a fixed wedge plate, a movable wedge plate, and an adjusting cylinder. The fixed wedge plate abuts against a standard block on one side, and the movable wedge plate is connected to the piston rod of the adjusting cylinder. The adjusting cylinder is used to drive the movable wedge plate, thereby adjusting the width and position of the compensation block, so that the standard block and the compensation block of the second shield body fit tightly together in the radial direction. The shifting connection mechanism is located on the inner arc surface of each of the standard blocks and compensation blocks, and is used to receive and fix the propulsion cylinder. Each shifting connection mechanism includes a connecting lug and a locking pin. The connecting lug is provided with several locking holes. The locking pin is fixed through the locking holes. After the locking pin is fixed, it provides an installation anchor point for the propulsion cylinder.

[0005] The adjustable shield body described in this invention for variable-diameter tunnel boring machines (TBMs) innovatively transforms the traditional monolithic shield structure into a "standard block + intelligent fine-tuning compensation block" architecture. By adding or removing standard blocks, a progressive, wide-range diameter adjustment is achieved. The wedge-shaped fine-tuning of the compensation blocks enables circumference compensation and roundness control. This combination solves the industry-wide problem of "the last piece not fitting" during the assembly of variable-diameter shield bodies. Simultaneously, the variable-gear connection mechanism decouples the propulsion cylinder from the shield body, allowing one cylinder to adapt to multiple diameters. Through these structural innovations, the overall solution combines the high efficiency of modular design with the high precision of fine-tuning, significantly improving the construction flexibility, reliability, and economy of variable-diameter TBMs.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment, the standard block includes a bottom standard block and a side standard block. The bottom standard block is located at the bottom of the first shield ring, and its inner arc surface matches the curvature of the outer arc surface of the first shield ring. The side standard blocks are located on the left and right sides of the first shield ring. The left and right sides of the compensation block abut against the side standard blocks respectively.

[0007] The inner arc surface curvature of the bottom standard block matches the outer arc surface curvature of the first shield ring, which not only provides stable support but also serves as the installation benchmark for the side standard blocks, providing a good foundation for the assembly of the second shield ring. By increasing or decreasing the number of side standard blocks, the adjustable shield diameter can be controlled, thereby enabling rapid diameter change of the tunnel boring machine.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the compensation block is located at the center of the top of the first shield ring. Adjusting the compensation block balances the forces acting on its left and right sides, facilitating adjustment.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, both the standard and compensation blocks are equipped with personnel passageways to facilitate personnel access, assembly, and maintenance.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the variable shield machine further includes a control system, and the radial adjustment mechanism further includes a displacement sensor located on the adjusting cylinder or the movable wedge plate. The displacement sensor monitors the displacement of the movable wedge plate in real time and feeds the data back to the control system, forming a closed-loop control system, thereby achieving high-precision adjustment.

[0011] The second aspect: A method for adjusting the diameter of an adjustable shield body that can be used in a variable-diameter tunnel boring machine includes the following steps: S1. When the tunnel boring machine needs to increase its diameter, it is first stopped inside the tunnel, and the staff enters the inner cavity of the shield body of the first shield ring. S2. Disconnect the propulsion cylinder from the first shield ring and lift it off the mounting base of the first shield ring; S3. Install standard blocks and splice compensation blocks; S4. Make the fixed wedge plate abut against the end face of the adjacent standard block, start the adjusting cylinder, drive the movable wedge plate, and precisely adjust the width of the compensation block so that the second shield ring closes into a true circle. S5. Tighten the bolts between the first shield ring and the second shield ring, and install the propulsion cylinder that has been lifted from the first shield ring onto the second shield ring to complete the tunnel boring machine diameter expansion.

[0012] A method for adjusting the diameter of an adjustable shield body that can be used in a variable-diameter tunnel boring machine includes the following steps: S1. When the tunnel boring machine needs to reduce its diameter, it should first stop inside the tunnel and the staff should enter the second shield ring. S2. Disconnect the propulsion cylinder from the second shield ring, lift it off the second shield ring, and loosen the bolts between the first shield ring and the second shield ring; S3. Reduce the number of standard blocks, and then splice the compensation blocks; S4. Make the fixed wedge plate abut against the end face of the adjacent standard block, start the adjusting cylinder, drive the movable wedge plate, and precisely adjust the width of the compensation block so that the second shield ring closes into a true circle. S5. Tighten the bolts between the first shield ring and the second shield ring, and reinstall the propulsion cylinder onto the reduced diameter second shield ring to complete the tunnel boring machine diameter reduction.

[0013] A method for adjusting the diameter of an adjustable shield body that can be used in a variable-diameter tunnel boring machine includes the following steps: S1. When the tunnel boring machine needs to reduce its diameter, it should first stop inside the tunnel and the staff should enter the second shield ring. S2. Disconnect the propulsion cylinder from the second shield ring and lift it off the second shield ring; loosen the bolts between the first shield ring and the second shield ring; S3. Demolish all standard blocks and demolish the compensation blocks; S4. Install the propulsion cylinder onto the first shield ring to complete the tunnel boring machine diameter reduction. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a front view of the adjustable shield. Figure 2 This is a side view of the adjustable shield. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the compensation block structure of the adjustable shield body; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the standard modular structure of the adjustable shield. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the radial adjustment mechanism of the adjustable shield body; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustable shield's shifting connection mechanism; Among them, 1-first shield ring, 2-second shield ring, 3-radial adjustment mechanism, 4-gear shifting connection mechanism, 5-propulsion cylinder, 211-bottom standard block, 212-side standard block, 22-compensation block, 23-personnel passage, 31-fixed wedge plate, 32-movable wedge plate, 33-adjustment cylinder, 41-connecting lug, 42-locking hole, 43-locking pin. Detailed Implementation

[0015] Example 1 like Figure 1-4 As shown in the figure, the adjustable shield body that can be used in a variable diameter tunnel boring machine according to this embodiment includes a first shield ring 1, a second shield ring 2, a radial adjustment mechanism 3, a shifting connection mechanism 4, a propulsion cylinder 5, and a control system. The second shield ring 2 includes standard blocks and compensation blocks 22. The standard blocks include a bottom standard block 211 and a side standard block 212. Both the standard blocks and the compensation blocks 22 are provided with personnel passages 23.

[0016] The second shield ring 2 is radially arranged around the first shield ring 1 and is connected to the first shield ring 1 by bolts. The bottom standard block 211 is a small arc plate whose inner arc surface curvature matches the outer arc surface curvature of the first shield ring 1. It is arranged at the bottom of the first shield ring 1 to provide stable support and serves as the installation reference for the side standard blocks 212. The side standard blocks 212 are large arc plates arranged on the left and right sides of the first shield ring 1. The adjustable shield diameter can be controlled by increasing or decreasing the number of side standard blocks 212. The compensation block 22 is arranged at the center of the top of the first shield ring 1, with its left and right sides respectively abutting against the side standard blocks 212.

[0017] like Figure 5As shown, the compensation block 22 is equipped with a radial adjustment mechanism 3, which includes a fixed wedge plate 31, a movable wedge plate 32, an adjusting cylinder 33, and a displacement sensor. The fixed wedge plate 31 abuts against the side standard block 212 on one side, and its contact surface matches the end face of the side standard block 212. The movable wedge plate 32 is connected to the piston rod of the adjusting cylinder 33, and its contact surface matches the end face of the compensation block 22. The adjusting cylinder 33 provides driving force to the movable wedge plate 32, converting the horizontal thrust into the vertical displacement of the movable wedge. By controlling the movement of the movable wedge plate 32, the width and effective position of the compensation block 22 are adjusted, ultimately achieving a tight radial fit between the various blocks on the second shield ring 2. The displacement sensor is located on the adjusting cylinder 33 or the movable wedge plate 32, used to monitor the displacement of the movable wedge plate 32 in real time and feed the data back to the control system to form a closed-loop control, thereby achieving high-precision adjustment.

[0018] like Figure 6 As shown, the shifting connection mechanism 4 is located on the inner arc surface of each standard block and compensation block 22, and is used to receive and fix the propulsion cylinder 5. Each shifting connection mechanism 4 includes a connecting lug 41 and a locking pin 43. The connecting lug 41 is provided with several locking holes 42 in the radial direction. The locking pin 43 can be fixed through the locking holes 42. After the locking pin 43 is fixed, it provides an installation anchor point for the propulsion cylinder 5, so that the propulsion cylinder 5 can be installed and fixed in different gears. When the diameter of the second shield ring 2 remains unchanged, the propulsion cylinder 5 can push out the segment at different diameters by adjusting the gear. The segment and the rock wall are filled with fast-curing mortar. In this way, tunnels with different inner diameters can be formed without adjusting the diameter of the second shield ring 2, thereby improving the utilization rate and flexibility of the equipment.

[0019] Example 2 The method for adjusting the diameter of an adjustable shield body that can be used in a variable-diameter tunnel boring machine, as described in Example 1, includes the following steps: S1. When the tunnel boring machine needs to increase its diameter, it is first stopped inside the tunnel, and the staff enters the inner cavity of the first shield ring 1.

[0020] S2. Disconnect the propulsion cylinder 5 from the first shield ring 1 and lift it off the mounting base of the first shield ring 1.

[0021] S3. Install the bottom standard block 211 and the side standard block 212, and splice the compensation block 22.

[0022] S4. Make the fixed wedge plate 31 abut against the end face of the adjacent side standard block 212, start the adjusting cylinder 33, drive the movable wedge plate 32, precisely adjust the width of the compensation block 22, and confirm the second shield ring 2 is closed into a true circle through the displacement sensor.

[0023] S5. Tighten the bolts between the first shield ring 1 and the second shield ring 2, and install the propulsion cylinder 5, which has been lifted from the first shield ring 1, onto the second shield ring 2 to complete the tunnel boring machine diameter expansion.

[0024] Example 3 The method for adjusting the diameter of an adjustable shield body that can be used in a variable-diameter tunnel boring machine, as described in Example 1, includes the following steps: S1. When the tunnel boring machine needs to reduce its diameter, it should first stop inside the tunnel, and the staff should enter the personnel passage 23 of the second shield ring 1.

[0025] S2. Disconnect the propulsion cylinder 5 from the second shield ring 2, lift it off the second shield ring 2, and loosen the bolts between the first shield ring 1 and the second shield ring 2.

[0026] S3. Reduce the bottom standard block 211 and the side standard block 212, and then splice the compensation block 22.

[0027] S4. Make the fixed wedge plate 31 abut against the end face of the adjacent side standard block 212, start the adjusting cylinder 33, drive the movable wedge plate 32, precisely adjust the width of the compensation block 22, and confirm that the second shield ring 2 is closed into a true circle through the displacement sensor.

[0028] S5. Tighten the bolts between the first shield ring 1 and the second shield ring 2, and reinstall the propulsion cylinder 5 onto the reduced diameter second shield ring 2 to complete the tunnel boring machine diameter reduction.

[0029] Example 4 The method for adjusting the diameter of an adjustable shield body that can be used in a variable-diameter tunnel boring machine, as described in Example 1, includes the following steps: S1. When the tunnel boring machine needs to reduce its diameter, it should first stop inside the tunnel, and the staff should enter the personnel passage 23 of the second shield ring 1.

[0030] S2. Disconnect the propulsion cylinder 5 from the second shield ring 2 and lift it off the second shield ring 2; loosen the bolts between the first shield ring 1 and the second shield ring 2.

[0031] S3. Remove all bottom standard blocks 211 and side standard blocks 212, and remove compensation blocks 22.

[0032] S4. Install the propulsion cylinder 5 onto the first shield ring 1 to complete the tunnel boring machine diameter reduction.

[0033] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable shield body usable in a variable diameter tunneling machine, characterized by, The variable shield machine comprises a first shield ring, a second shield ring, a variable gear connecting mechanism and a pushing oil cylinder, the second shield ring is radially arranged around the first shield ring and is connected to the first shield ring by bolts, the second shield ring comprises standard blocks and compensation blocks, the standard blocks are arranged at the bottom and both sides of the first shield ring, the compensation blocks are arranged at the top of the first shield ring and abut against the standard blocks at both sides, respectively, The compensation blocks are provided with a radial adjusting mechanism, the radial adjusting mechanism comprises a fixed inclined wedge plate, a movable inclined wedge plate and an adjusting oil cylinder, the fixed inclined wedge plate abuts against one side of the standard block, the movable inclined wedge plate is connected to the piston rod of the adjusting oil cylinder, the adjusting oil cylinder is used to drive the movable inclined wedge plate, thereby adjusting the width and position of the compensation block, so that the standard blocks and the compensation blocks of the second shield ring are closely fitted in the radial direction, The variable gear connecting mechanism is arranged on the inner arc surface of each standard block and compensation block and is used to receive and fix the pushing oil cylinder, each variable gear connecting mechanism comprises a connecting lug and a locking pin, the connecting lug is provided with a plurality of locking holes, the locking pin is fixed through the locking holes, and the locking pin provides an installation anchor point for the pushing oil cylinder after being fixed.

2. The adjustable shield body for a variable diameter tunneling machine of claim 1, wherein, The standard blocks comprise bottom standard blocks and side standard blocks, the bottom standard blocks are arranged at the bottom of the first shield ring, the inner arc surface of the bottom standard blocks matches the curvature of the outer arc surface of the first shield ring, the side standard blocks are arranged at both sides of the first shield ring, and the left and right sides of the compensation blocks abut against the side standard blocks, respectively.

3. The adjustable shield body for a variable diameter tunneling machine of claim 1, wherein, The compensation blocks are arranged at the center of the top of the first shield ring.

4. The adjustable shield body for a variable diameter tunneling machine of claim 1, wherein, Personnel passages are arranged in the standard blocks and the compensation blocks.

5. The adjustable shield body for a variable diameter tunneling machine of claim 1, wherein, The variable shield machine further comprises a control system, the radial adjusting mechanism further comprises a displacement sensor, and the displacement sensor is arranged on the adjusting oil cylinder or the movable inclined wedge plate.

6. A method of changing the diameter of a tunable shield body for a tunable shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, when the shield machine needs to be expanded in diameter, first stop in the tunnel, and workers enter the shield inner cavity of the first shield ring; S2, disconnect the pushing oil cylinder from the first shield ring and hoist it away from the installation base of the first shield ring; S3, install the standard blocks and splice the compensation blocks; S4, abut the end surface of the fixed inclined wedge plate against the adjacent standard block, start the adjusting oil cylinder, drive the movable inclined wedge plate, and precisely adjust the width of the compensation block, so that the second shield ring is closed to a true circle; S5, tighten the bolts between the first shield ring and the second shield ring, install the pushing oil cylinder hoisted away from the first shield ring to the second shield ring, and complete the expansion of the shield machine.

7. A method of changing the diameter of a tunable shield body for a tunable shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, when the shield machine needs to be reduced in diameter, first stop in the tunnel, and workers enter the second shield ring; S2, disconnect the pushing oil cylinder from the second shield ring, hoist it away from the second shield ring, and loosen the bolts between the first shield ring and the second shield ring; S3, reduce the number of standard blocks and then splice the compensation blocks; S4, make the fixed inclined wedge plate abut against the end face of the adjacent standard block, start the adjusting oil cylinder, drive the movable inclined wedge plate, and precisely adjust the width of the compensation block to make the second shield body ring close to a true circle; S5, tighten the bolts between the first shield body ring and the second shield body ring, re-install the advancing oil cylinder on the second shield body ring after the diameter is reduced, and complete the diameter reduction of the shield tunneling machine.

8. A method of changing the diameter of a tunable shield body for a tunable shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, when the shield tunneling machine needs to be reduced in diameter, first stop in the tunnel, and workers enter the second shield body ring; S2, disconnect the advancing oil cylinder from the second shield body ring, and lift the advancing oil cylinder away from the second shield body ring; disconnect the bolts between the first shield body ring and the second shield body ring; S3, remove all standard blocks and compensation blocks; S4, install the advancing oil cylinder on the first shield body ring, and complete the diameter reduction of the shield tunneling machine.

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