Air curtain control dust removal method based on fully-mechanized face chute baffle

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine dust control, and relates to an air curtain dust control and removal method based on a fully-mechanized face chute baffle, which comprises the following steps: a purification dust remover is arranged on the fully-mechanized face chute baffle, and an exhaust inlet of the purification dust remover is positioned at the lower part and close to the height of a roller of a coal mining machine; the air outlet is positioned at the upper part and inclines towards the coal wall side; the purification dust remover is used for generating high-speed air flow, negative pressure is formed at the air suction opening, and dust generated by coal cutting of a coal mining machine and diffused towards the pedestrian side is sucked into the purification dust remover through the entrainment effect to be purified to form clean air flow; the purified clean air flow is sprayed out from an air outlet in the upper portion in a high-speed inclined mode to the coal wall, a directional positive pressure air curtain is formed, the coal mining machine is isolated from the pedestrian side, dust which is not sucked in is prevented from diffusing towards the pedestrian side, meanwhile, the dust is guided to move towards the coal wall side, and secondary sedimentation is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of coal mine dust control technology, and relates to a dust control method based on the air curtain baffle of the fully mechanized mining face chute. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the concentration of respirable dust in coal mine working faces in my country typically reaches 100–300 mg / m³. 3 The concentration of dust in coal mines exceeds national standards by more than 80 times, making workers exposed to high-concentration dust environments highly susceptible to pneumoconiosis. According to the latest statistics, by the end of 2021, my country had reported approximately 1.026 million cases of occupational diseases, of which 914,000 were occupational pneumoconiosis, accounting for about 90%. Coal worker's pneumoconiosis accounted for more than 50% of these cases. Analysis of new cases over the years shows that since 2000, the number of new cases of coal mine pneumoconiosis has exceeded 5,000 annually, reaching 17,000 in 2017. Furthermore, high-concentration dust can easily cause coal dust explosions and participate in gas explosions, affecting visibility in workplaces and inducing related safety accidents. Therefore, dust control in coal mines is crucial for protecting miners' health and ensuring safe production in mines.

[0003] The fully mechanized mining face is the most polluted area in underground coal mines. Its dust primarily originates from dust generated by the coal cutting drum of the coal shearing machine, the lowering and shifting of hydraulic supports, and roof collapses. Dust generated by the coal cutting machine accounts for approximately 75% of the pollution. The main causes of this pollution are: the coal cutting drum continuously crushes the coal body, generating dust; the airflow in the intake roadway encounters the coal cutting machine body at the working face, and due to the reduced cross-sectional area, the wind speed on the windward side of the machine body increases sharply. Part of the obstructed airflow diffuses downwind along the machine body, and part diffuses over the chute baffles towards the personnel side. Due to the high wind speed, a large amount of dust generated by the upper drum coal cutting is carried, polluting the working environment on the personnel side and increasing the safety hazard of coal dust explosions.

[0004] Based on the above, there is an urgent need to design a new dust control and removal method to solve the related problems of dust pollution at fully mechanized mining faces. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a dust control method based on the chute baffle of the fully mechanized mining face, so as to solve the problem of serious dust pollution in the fully mechanized mining face, which pollutes the working environment on the pedestrian side and increases the safety hazard of coal dust explosion.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A dust control method based on an air curtain baffle in a fully mechanized mining face includes the following steps: A dust collector is installed on the chute baffle of the fully mechanized mining face. The air inlet of the dust collector is located at the lower part, close to the height of the coal mining machine drum, and the air outlet is located at the upper part and inclined towards the coal wall side. The high-speed airflow generated by the dust collector creates a negative pressure at the air inlet. Through the entrainment effect, the dust generated by the coal mining machine cutting coal and diffused towards the pedestrian side is drawn into the dust collector for purification and treatment, forming a clean airflow. The purified clean airflow is ejected at high speed and obliquely towards the coal wall from the upper air outlet, forming a directional positive pressure air curtain that isolates the coal mining machine from the pedestrian side, preventing uninhaled dust from spreading to the pedestrian side, while guiding the dust to move towards the coal wall side and achieving secondary settling.

[0007] Furthermore, the dust collector is arranged on the side of the chute baffle close to the coal mining machine.

[0008] Furthermore, a hollow interlayer is provided on the chute baffle for installing the purification dust collector.

[0009] Furthermore, the purification and dust removal device is in the shape of a straight line, and its shell includes a suction section, a dust removal section, an atomization section, a dehydration section and an air outlet section connected in sequence. The purification process specifically includes: Under negative pressure, the dust-laden gas enters the dust removal section through the suction port and is driven by the power unit to rotate at high speed through the cyclone dust collector. The centrifugal force is used to throw the dust particles toward the cylinder wall and form a rotating airflow. Within the atomization section, the rotating airflow is subjected to high-pressure spray washing through nozzles, so that the dust and water mist in the rotating airflow are fully mixed to form a dust-water mixture. After the dust-water mixture enters the dehydration section, it achieves gas-liquid separation through the dehydration device, and finally the clean airflow is discharged from the air outlet through the air outlet section.

[0010] Furthermore, a centrifugal fan is provided between the dehydration section and the air outlet section. The centrifugal fan is driven by a power unit to generate negative pressure in the purification dust collector.

[0011] Furthermore, the power unit is a hydraulic motor or an electro-hydraulic motor, driven by high-pressure emulsion from the fully mechanized mining face or by electricity.

[0012] Furthermore, the power unit is arranged at the end of the purification dust collector near the air outlet section to synchronously drive the centrifugal fan and the cyclone dust collector.

[0013] Furthermore, multiple air outlet channels are provided on the outer circumferential side of the air outlet section to connect to the air outlet.

[0014] Furthermore, an air inlet channel is provided at the bottom of the suction section to connect to the air inlet.

[0015] Furthermore, the nozzle is connected to a water pipe for high-pressure spray washing of the inhaled dust-laden gas.

[0016] Furthermore, the dehydration device is a dehydration plate, a wire mesh dehydrator, or a cyclone dehydrator.

[0017] Furthermore, when the dehydration device is a cyclone dehydrator, it is driven by the power device.

[0018] Furthermore, a sludge collection tank is provided at the bottom of the dehydration section or dust removal section to collect the liquid separated by the dehydration device.

[0019] Furthermore, multiple dust collectors are spaced apart along the length of the chute baffle. Each dust collector is independently controlled to start and stop. Based on the real-time position of the coal mining machine or dust concentration monitoring data, 1-5 dust collectors near the coal mining machine are turned on, while the remaining dust collectors are in standby or off state, thus achieving precise zoned dust control.

[0020] Furthermore, when a collapse of the wall or a sudden increase in local dust concentration is detected, the corresponding area's purification and dust removal equipment is automatically activated to form a localized enhanced positive pressure air curtain, which quickly captures the irregularly generated dust.

[0021] Furthermore, the air outlet is equipped with adjustable guide vanes. By adjusting the vane angle, the angle between the air outlet direction and the coal wall can be adjusted within the range of 15° to 45°, ensuring that a positive pressure directional air curtain close to the coal wall can be formed under different coal seam dip angles and mining heights.

[0022] Furthermore, the air intake is provided with a flared structure to increase the effective collection area of ​​the air intake.

[0023] Furthermore, a flow guide is added to the flared structure to improve the collection efficiency of the air intake.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention integrates a negative pressure dust collection system and a positive pressure air curtain into a purification and dust removal device on the chute baffle of the fully mechanized mining face, achieving precise and targeted collection and isolation of dust generated by coal cutting by the coal mining machine. The air inlet is placed close to the dust-generating point, utilizing a powerful negative pressure suction effect to directly draw a large amount of dust generated by the upper roller into the equipment. After multi-stage purification through cyclone centrifugation, high-pressure spray washing, and cyclone dehydration, a clean, high-speed airflow is formed, effectively preventing the fundamental pathway of dust diffusion to the pedestrian side. The dust reduction efficiency for respirable dust concentration on the pedestrian side reaches over 95%, significantly superior to traditional spray and dust removal fan methods.

[0025] The purified clean airflow is ejected at high speed from the upper air outlet towards the coal wall, forming a directional positive pressure air curtain that adheres to the coal wall, completely isolating the coal mining machine from the personnel side. This not only prevents residual dust from drifting to the personnel side, but also guides the dust to settle secondary to the coal wall side, completely cutting off the dust leakage channel from the windward side of the coal mining machine to the personnel side. This fundamentally solves the dust pollution problem that has long plagued the fully mechanized mining face, and at the same time significantly reduces the safety hazard of coal dust explosion.

[0026] This invention fully utilizes existing high-pressure emulsion drive, requiring no additional power supply; the equipment is embedded in the hollow interlayer of the chute baffle, without occupying walking space; it supports precise start-up and shutdown based on the location of the coal mining machine and dust concentration, taking into account both efficient dust removal and energy-saving operation; it has a compact structure, is easy to maintain, and has high reliability, and is suitable for various mining heights and coal seam dip angles, with strong field adaptability and promotional value.

[0027] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structural principle of an air curtain dust control method based on a fully mechanized mining face chute baffle, as shown in the embodiment. Figure 2 This is a front view of the dust collector. Figure 3 Axonometric drawing of a dust collector; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal components of a dust collector.

[0029] Reference numerals: 1. Chute baffle, 2. Air inlet, 3. Air outlet, 4. Atomizing section, 5. Nozzle, 6. Dust removal section, 7. Dehydration section, 8. Power unit, 9. Hydraulic support, 10. Air inlet, 11. Cyclone dust collector, 12. Dehydration device, 13. Air outlet, 14. Centrifugal fan. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0031] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0032] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] Example 1 like Figures 1-4 As shown, this embodiment provides a dust control method based on the chute baffle of the fully mechanized mining face. The method integrates and installs multiple dust collectors on the chute baffle 1 of the scraper conveyor of the fully mechanized mining face. The dust collectors are arranged at intervals along the length of the chute baffle 1 (preferably at intervals of 2 to 4 m), and each dust collector can be independently controlled to start and stop.

[0034] The dust collector is slender and straight, and is fixedly installed in the hollow interlayer of the chute baffle 1 near the coal mining machine. Its air inlet 2 is located at the lower part of the dust collector, close to the height of the upper drum of the coal mining machine. The air inlet 2 adopts a flared structure and an arc-shaped guide hood is added to the outside of the flared opening to expand the effective collection area and improve the dust collection efficiency. The air outlet 3 is located at the upper part of the dust collector. The air outlet 3 is inclined towards the coal wall side at 15° to 45° (preferably 30° in this embodiment) and is equipped with adjustable guide vanes. The air outlet angle can be manually or automatically adjusted according to the actual coal seam dip angle and mining height.

[0035] The air intake 2 and air outlet 3 are disposed on the housing of the purification dust collector. The housing of the purification dust collector is provided with an air intake section 10, a dust removal section 6, an atomization section 4, a dehydration section 7 and an air outlet section 13 arranged sequentially from bottom to top.

[0036] During operation, the dust-laden airflow, under negative pressure, enters the dust removal section 6 through the suction port 2 and suction section 10. Within the dust removal section 6, a cyclone dust collector 11, synchronously driven by a power unit 8, is installed. The dust-laden airflow rotates at high speed, and dust particles are thrown against the cylinder wall and slide down the wall surface under centrifugal force, achieving initial separation. Subsequently, the airflow enters the atomization section 4, where multiple nozzles 5 are evenly arranged circumferentially. These nozzles 5 are connected to a water source at the fully mechanized mining face via water pipes (pressure not less than 3 MPa), providing intense spray washing of the dust-laden airflow, causing the dust and water mist to fully collide and combine to form a dust-water mixture. The mixture continues to rise into the dewatering section 7, which is equipped with a cyclone dewatering device 12 (also driven synchronously by the power unit 8) to achieve efficient gas-liquid separation. The separated dusty wastewater falls into the sludge collection tank at the bottom of the dewatering section 7 and is periodically or continuously discharged into the scraper conveyor through the sewage pipe and transported out with the coal flow. Finally, the clean airflow is pressurized by the centrifugal fan 14 (placed between the dewatering section 7 and the air outlet section 13, driven by the same power unit 8) and then sprayed at high speed at the air outlet 3 through multiple air outlet channels evenly distributed around the circumference of the air outlet section 13, forming a directional positive pressure air curtain close to the coal wall.

[0037] The power unit 8 is a hydraulic motor, installed at the end of the dust collector near the air outlet section 13. It synchronously drives the cyclone dust collector 11, the cyclone dewatering device 12, and the centrifugal fan 14 through a drive shaft, achieving a compact structure and synchronous, efficient operation. The power source directly utilizes the existing high-pressure emulsion (pressure 10-31.5MPa) at the fully mechanized mining face, requiring no additional power supply.

[0038] In actual use, by arranging dust concentration sensors and a coal mining machine position recognition system (either infrared or laser positioning) on ​​the coal mining machine and chute baffle 1, the position of the coal mining machine and the dust concentration on the pedestrian side are monitored in real time. When the coal mining machine runs to a certain area, the three dust collectors in that area and before and after it (i.e., 1 to 5 near the coal mining machine) are automatically activated. The remaining dust collectors first use the strong negative pressure suction effect of the suction port 2 to directly suck in the large amount of dust generated by the coal cutting drum on the coal mining machine and attempting to spread to the pedestrian side for cyclone dust removal and spray purification. At the same time, the purified clean high-speed airflow is sprayed out obliquely from the air outlet 3, forming a positive pressure air curtain from the coal wall to the hydraulic support 9, completely isolating the coal mining machine from the pedestrian side, completely blocking the remaining dust from spreading to the pedestrian side, and guiding the dust to the coal wall side to achieve secondary settling.

[0039] When the monitoring system detects a collapse of the wall or a sudden increase in local dust concentration, the corresponding dust collector in the area immediately increases to its maximum power to quickly form a localized enhanced air curtain and rapidly capture irregular and sudden dust.

[0040] Example 2 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the power device in this embodiment is an electro-hydraulic motor, and the dehydration device adopts a dehydration plate or a wire mesh dehydrator.

[0041] This invention integrates a purification and dust removal device that combines negative pressure dust collection and positive pressure dust separation on the chute baffle 1, achieving on-site, rapid, and efficient treatment of dust generated by coal mining machines. Field industrial tests have shown that the dust reduction efficiency for respirable dust on the pedestrian side reaches over 95%, without affecting normal coal mining processes. This completely solves the problem of dust leakage on the upwind pedestrian side of the coal mining machine, a problem that traditional methods struggle to address, significantly improving the working environment for workers and greatly reducing the risk of coal dust explosions.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A kind of wind curtain control dust removal method based on fully mechanized face chute baffle, it is characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: A purification dust collector is arranged on the chute baffle of the fully mechanized coal mining face, the air inlet of the purification dust collector is located at the lower part and close to the height of the shearer drum, and the air outlet is located at the upper part and is inclined towards the coal wall side; A high-speed airflow is generated by the purification dust collector, a negative pressure is formed at the air inlet, dust generated by the shearer and diffused towards the walking side is sucked into the purification dust collector by the entrainment effect, and clean airflow is formed after purification treatment; The clean airflow after purification is sprayed at a high speed and obliquely towards the coal wall from the air outlet at the upper part, a directional positive pressure air curtain is formed to isolate the shearer from the walking side and block the diffusion of dust not sucked into the purification dust collector towards the walking side, and the dust is guided to move towards the coal wall side and realize secondary settlement.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The purification dust collector is arranged on one side of the chute baffle close to the shearer.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, A hollow interlayer is arranged on the chute baffle to install the purification dust collector.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The purification dust collector is in a linear shape, and the inside of the shell comprises an air inlet section, a dust removal section, an atomization section, a dehydration section and an air outlet section which are sequentially communicated; The purification treatment specifically comprises: Under the action of the negative pressure, the dust-containing gas enters the dust removal section through the air inlet section, and is rotated at a high speed by the cyclone dust collector under the drive of the power device, and the dust particles are thrown to the cylinder wall by the centrifugal force, and a rotating airflow is formed; The rotating airflow is washed by high-pressure spray through the nozzle in the atomization section, so that the dust in the rotating airflow is fully mixed with the water mist to form a dust-water mixture; After the dust-water mixture enters the dehydration section, the gas-liquid separation is realized by the dehydration device, and finally the clean airflow is discharged from the air outlet through the air outlet section.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, A centrifugal fan is arranged between the dehydration section and the air outlet section, and the centrifugal fan is driven by the power device to generate a negative pressure in the purification dust collector.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein, The power device is a hydraulic motor or an electro-hydraulic motor, and is driven by high-pressure emulsion or electric energy of the fully mechanized coal mining face.

7. The method according to claim 5, wherein, The power device is arranged at the end of the purification dust collector close to the air outlet section to synchronously drive the centrifugal fan and the cyclone dust collector.

8. The method according to claim 4, wherein, A plurality of air outlet channels are arranged on the circumferential outside of the air outlet section to communicate with the air outlet.

9. The method according to claim 4, wherein, An air inlet channel is arranged at the bottom of the air inlet section to communicate with the air inlet.

10. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The nozzle is connected with a water pipe to perform high-pressure spray washing on the sucked dust-containing gas.

11. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The dehydration device is a dehydration plate, a wire mesh dehydrator or a cyclone dehydrator.

12. The method according to claim 4, wherein, When the dehydration device is a cyclone dehydrator, the cyclone dehydrator is driven by the power device.

13. The method according to claim 4, wherein, A sludge collecting tank is further arranged at the bottom of the dehydration section or the dust removal section to collect the liquid separated by the dehydration device.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein, A plurality of purification dust collectors are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the chute baffle, each purification dust collector is independently controlled to start and stop, and according to the real-time position of the shearer or the dust concentration monitoring data, 1-5 purification dust collectors near the shearer are opened, and the remaining purification dust collectors are in standby or closed state, so that precise partition control and dust removal are realized.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein, When the falling of the slice or the sudden increase of the local dust concentration is monitored, the corresponding purification dust collectors in the region are automatically started to form a local intensified positive pressure air curtain to quickly capture the irregularly generated dust.

16. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The air outlet is provided with adjustable guide vanes, the angle between the air outlet direction and the coal wall is adjustable in the range of 15°-45° by adjusting the vane angle, and the normal pressure directional air curtain close to the coal wall can be formed under different coal seam inclination and mining height conditions.

17. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The air inlet is provided with a horn-shaped flared structure to increase the effective capture area of the air inlet.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein, A flow guide cover is installed on the horn-shaped flared structure to improve the capture efficiency of the air inlet.

Images