Self-powered tailing dam landslide displacement monitoring system based on UWB and solar collaborative radio frequency energy transmission

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-powered tailing dam landslide displacement monitoring system based on UWB and solar collaborative radio frequency energy transmission. The self-powered tailing dam landslide displacement monitoring system comprises a base station and a label. The base station is powered by a solar cell panel and a storage battery and is provided with a wireless positioning transceiver, a low-power-consumption MCU, a radio frequency signal generator, a power amplifier, an energy transmitting antenna, a UWB positioning antenna and a 4G module. The tag is powered by solar energy and received radio frequency energy, and is provided with an energy receiving antenna, an impedance matching circuit, a rectifier, an energy management module, a low-power-consumption MCU, a motion detection module and a UWB positioning antenna. The system adopts a UWB positioning technology, performs centimeter-level ranging and positioning on a tag through a plurality of base stations, has sleep and positioning modes, reduces power consumption and realizes monitoring. Monitoring data are processed by the base station and then uploaded to the cloud through 4G, the structure is separated, installation is convenient, and the system is suitable for tailing dam displacement monitoring in a complex environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of landslide monitoring technology, and in particular to a tailings dam landslide displacement monitoring system based on UWB and solar energy synergistic radio frequency energy transmission self-powered system. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous growth of mining operations in my country, the scale of tailings dams is expanding, and their operational safety is receiving increasing attention. Among these issues, structural instability problems such as abnormal displacement of the tailings dam body can lead to dam failures, not only flooding downstream facilities and damaging the ecological environment, but also causing widespread pollution and loss of life and property. Such geological disasters pose a significant threat not only to mine safety but also to the surrounding environment and communities. Therefore, effective monitoring of tailings dam displacement is of paramount practical importance for ensuring mine safety, ecological environment, and public safety.

[0003] Conventional displacement monitoring technologies for tailings dams generally require continuous power to the sensors or acquisition equipment. However, in many mining areas, especially in remote mountainous tailings ponds with complex natural environments, power infrastructure is often inadequate. Limited by terrain and cost, the power supply and deployment of sensors face significant challenges. Furthermore, traditional GNSS technology is susceptible to multipath effects and ionospheric interference, while visual displacement monitoring technology suffers from significant errors at night, making it difficult to comprehensively and accurately reflect the spatial deformation trends of the tailings dam body, thus reducing the accuracy and reliability of monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this study is to provide a tailings dam landslide displacement monitoring system based on UWB and solar energy synergistic radio frequency energy transmission self-powered system, in order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned technologies and improve the accuracy and stability of tailings dam landslide monitoring.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: This invention provides a tailings dam landslide displacement monitoring system based on UWB and solar-powered RF energy transmission for self-powered operation. The system includes a base station and tags. The base station comprises a first wireless positioning transceiver, a first low-power MCU, an RF signal generator and power amplifier, a power switch circuit, a first solar panel and battery, an energy transmitting antenna, a first UWB positioning antenna, and a 4G module. The tag comprises an energy receiving antenna, an impedance matching circuit, a rectifier circuit, a second solar panel, an energy management and storage module, a second low-power MCU, a motion detection module, a second wireless positioning transceiver, and a second UWB positioning antenna. The first solar panel and battery power the base station, and their outputs are connected to the power switch circuit. The power switch circuit powers the first low-power MCU, the RF signal generator, and the power amplifier. The first wireless positioning transceiver is connected to the first UWB positioning antenna and is used to receive and transmit positioning signals. The location signal and location data are processed by the first low-power MCU of the first base station and uploaded to the cloud through the 4G module; the radio frequency signal generator generates a radio frequency signal, which is amplified by the power amplifier and then transmitted through the energy transmitting antenna; the energy receiving antenna of the tag receives the radio frequency energy signal and outputs it to the impedance matching circuit for signal matching processing; the matched energy signal and the power of the second solar panel are rectified into DC energy by the rectifier circuit and transmitted to the energy management and storage module for storage; the energy management and storage module supplies power to the second low-power MCU and the motion detection module; the motion detection module is used to monitor the movement status of the tag and feeds back the movement data to the second low-power MCU for processing; the second wireless positioning transceiver is connected to the second UWB positioning antenna to receive and transmit positioning signals and transmit the received signals to the first base station for processing.

[0006] Preferably, the radio frequency signal generator is used to generate a 2.4 GHz wireless radio frequency energy signal, which is amplified by a power amplifier and then radiated to the tag through the energy transmitting antenna, and then collected by the tag.

[0007] Preferably, the base station energy storage power supply includes a solar panel and a battery. The solar panel is used to charge the battery and provide energy to the power switching circuit during the day, and the battery provides energy to the power switching circuit at night.

[0008] Preferably, the impedance matching circuit of the tag is used to adjust the impedance of the received radio frequency energy to improve the rectification efficiency.

[0009] Preferably, the radio frequency energy received by the tag is greater than its power consumption when it is in sleep mode, thereby improving the reliability of power supply under continuous rainy weather conditions.

[0010] Preferably, the rectifier circuit is used to convert the received AC energy into DC power and to power the energy management and storage module.

[0011] Preferably, the motion detection module includes a low-power accelerometer and a gyroscope for detecting whether the tag is moving.

[0012] Preferably, the second low-power MCU is used to periodically wake up to obtain positioning data and motion status, and remains in sleep mode the rest of the time to reduce power consumption.

[0013] Preferably, the 4G module is deployed only at the first base station, and users access data by visiting the cloud.

[0014] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art: This invention relates to a tailings dam landslide displacement monitoring system based on UWB and solar-powered RF energy transmission for self-powered operation, improving the accuracy and stability of tailings dam landslide monitoring. The system achieves self-powering through solar energy and RF energy. The base station is powered by a high-power solar panel, while the tags are relatively small, requiring smaller solar panels. Furthermore, the RF energy received by the tags exceeds their power consumption during sleep mode, improving power supply reliability under continuous rainy weather conditions. The displacement monitoring component primarily uses Ultra-Wideband (UWB) for positioning, employing multiple base stations to locate the tags, enhancing monitoring stability and accuracy. Data is transmitted from the first base station to the cloud via a 4G module, allowing users to access the data. This monitoring system adopts a heterogeneous, separate structural design, facilitating installation and reducing construction difficulty. It also features energy conservation and environmental protection, while simultaneously improving the efficiency of tailings dam displacement monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the tailings dam landslide displacement monitoring system based on UWB and solar energy synergistic radio frequency energy transmission self-powered system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tailings dam landslide displacement monitoring system based on UWB and solar energy synergistic radio frequency energy transmission self-powered system of the present invention; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the base station structure in the tailings dam landslide displacement monitoring system based on UWB and solar energy coordinated radio frequency energy transmission self-powered system of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the tag structure in the tailings dam landslide displacement monitoring system based on UWB and solar energy synergistic radio frequency energy transmission self-powered system of the present invention. The components are: 1. Initial dam; 2. First base station; 3. Second base station; 4. Later dam; 5. Landslide-prone area; 6. Tag; 7. Third base station; 8. Fourth base station; 9. Computer user terminal; 10. Base station column; 11. Lightning rod; 12. Encapsulated base station circuit module; 13. First UWB positioning antenna; 14. Radio frequency energy transmitting antenna; 15. First solar panel; 16. Tag column; 17. Encapsulated tag circuit module; 18. Radio frequency energy receiving antenna; 19. Second solar panel; 20. Second UWB positioning antenna. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tailings dam landslide displacement monitoring system based on UWB and solar energy synergistic radio frequency energy transmission for self-powered operation, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art and improve the accuracy and stability of tailings dam landslide displacement monitoring.

[0019] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown: This embodiment provides a tailings dam landslide displacement monitoring system based on UWB and solar energy coordinated radio frequency energy transmission self-powered system, which mainly includes two parts: base station and tag.

[0021] In this embodiment, the base station uses a 12V, 60Ah battery, which is charged by the first solar panel (15). A fully charged battery can work continuously for about 60 days in the absence of sunlight, which can meet the normal use needs of areas with long rainy seasons. Those skilled in the art can select batteries of different capacities and specifications according to actual needs to achieve the required battery life; the tag is powered by the radio frequency energy emitted by the base station and the second solar panel (19). The radio frequency energy is collected through the radio frequency energy receiving antenna (18). In the absence of sunlight, the tag can maintain normal operation in sleep mode by using only the collected radio frequency energy.

[0022] Four base stations are deployed within a measurement area: the first base station (2), the second base station (3), the third base station (7), and the fourth base station (8). The first base station (2) is the main base station, and all data is processed within the first base station (2) and uploaded to the cloud via a 4G module. Multiple tags (6) can be placed in one or more landslide-prone areas (5), all of which are within the same measurement area. Users can access the cloud on their computers to read the tag displacement data.

[0023] Tag localization employs UWB (Ultra-Wideband) technology. The localization component leverages nanosecond-level time resolution based on ultra-wideband pulse signals. Spatial distance sets are obtained through Time-of-Flight (TOF) ranging between the tag and four base stations, and the tag coordinates are calculated using trilateration and optimization algorithms. The system utilizes time-division multiplexing to support parallel communication with multiple targets and employs clock synchronization mechanisms and filtering algorithms to suppress errors, achieving real-time localization in complex environments.

[0024] The packaged base station circuit module (12), lightning rod (11), and first solar panel (15) are respectively installed on the base station column (10), and the first UWB positioning antenna (13) and radio frequency energy transmitting antenna (14) are installed on the packaged base station circuit module (12) shell. The packaged base station circuit module (12) of the first base station (2) includes a circuit part and a battery. The circuit part includes a 4G module, a power switch circuit, a battery charging circuit, a first low-power MCU and peripheral circuits, a radio frequency signal generator and power amplifier, and a first wireless positioning transceiver. These circuits are all integrated on a PCB board. The packaged base station circuit modules (12) of the second base station (3), the third base station (7), and the fourth base station (8) include a circuit part and a battery. The circuit part includes a power switch circuit, a battery charging circuit, a first low-power MCU and peripheral circuits, a radio frequency signal generator and power amplifier, and a first wireless positioning transceiver. These circuits are all integrated on a PCB board.

[0025] The packaged tag circuit module (17) is mounted on the tag post (16), and the radio frequency energy receiving antenna 18, the second solar panel (19), and the second UWB positioning antenna (20) are mounted on the housing of the packaged tag circuit module (17). The packaged tag circuit module (17) includes an impedance matching circuit, a rectifier circuit, an energy management and storage module, a motion detection module, a second low-power MCU, and a second wireless positioning transceiver.

[0026] The tag positioning has two main modes: sleep mode and positioning mode. The motion detection module is always working. When there is movement, it will trigger the tag to exit sleep mode and enter positioning mode. In addition, the tag will measure positioning mode data every half hour to prevent tiny creeping displacements from going undetected by the motion detection module.

[0027] The working principle of the tailings dam landslide displacement monitoring system based on UWB and solar energy-assisted radio frequency energy transmission self-powered system in this embodiment is as follows: Solar energy is converted into electrical energy by the solar panel (15) on the base station column (10) and used to charge the base station battery. The base station is powered by the battery. The radio frequency signal generator and power amplifier in the packaged base station circuit module (12) work and emit radio frequency energy through the radio frequency energy transmitting antenna (14). The radio frequency energy emitted by the base station and solar energy are converted into electrical energy by the radio frequency energy receiving antenna (18) and solar panel (19) on the tag column and stored in the storage module. The tag is powered by the storage module. The tag positioning adopts UWB, i.e., ultra-wideband positioning technology. The spatial distance set is obtained by the TOF ranging between the tag and four base stations. The tag coordinates are calculated by combining trilateration and optimization algorithms. The system uses time division multiplexing to support multi-target parallel communication and suppresses errors through clock synchronization mechanism and filtering algorithm to achieve real-time positioning in complex environments. The tag positioning has two main modes: sleep mode and positioning mode. The motion detection module works continuously. When there is movement, it will trigger the tag to exit the sleep mode and enter the positioning mode. In addition, the tag will measure positioning mode data every half hour to prevent small creeping displacements from being missed by the motion detection module. All data is processed within the first base station (2) and transmitted to the cloud via a 4G module, allowing users to access the data through the cloud. In this embodiment, the entire monitoring system adopts a heterogeneous, separate structural design, which is convenient to install and has low construction difficulty. It also features energy saving and environmental protection characteristics, while improving the efficiency of tailings dam displacement monitoring.

[0028] This specification uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tailings dam landslide displacement monitoring system based on UWB and solar-powered synergistic radio frequency energy transmission, characterized in that: The system includes a base station and a tag. The base station includes a first wireless positioning transceiver, a first low-power MCU, a radio frequency signal generator and power amplifier, a power switch circuit, a first solar panel and a battery, an energy transmitting antenna, a first UWB positioning antenna, and a 4G module. The tag includes an energy receiving antenna, an impedance matching circuit, a rectifier circuit, a second solar panel, an energy management and storage module, a second low-power MCU, a motion detection module, a second wireless positioning transceiver, and a second UWB positioning antenna. The first solar panel and battery power the base station, and their outputs are connected to the power switch circuit. The power switch circuit powers the first low-power MCU, the radio frequency signal generator, and the power amplifier. The first wireless positioning transceiver is connected to the first UWB positioning antenna and is used to receive and transmit positioning signals. Positioning data is processed by the first low-power MCU of the first base station and uploaded to the cloud via the 4G module. The radio frequency signal generator generates a radio frequency signal, which is amplified by the power amplifier and then transmitted through the energy transmitting antenna. The tag's energy receiving antenna receives the radio frequency signal and outputs it to the impedance matching circuit for signal matching processing. The matched energy signal and the electrical energy from the second solar panel are rectified into DC energy by a rectifier circuit and transmitted to the energy management and storage module for storage. The energy management and storage module supplies power to the second low-power MCU and the motion detection module. The motion detection module is used to monitor the movement status of the tag and feed the motion data back to the second low-power MCU for processing. The second wireless positioning transceiver is connected to the second UWB positioning antenna and is used to receive and send positioning signals, and transmit the received signals to the first base station for processing.

2. The tailings dam landslide displacement monitoring system based on UWB and solar-powered synergistic radio frequency energy transmission self-powered system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The label shown uses both the solar panel's power generation and the radio frequency energy received from the base station as a combined power source.

3. The tailings dam landslide displacement monitoring system based on UWB and solar-powered synergistic radio frequency energy transmission self-powered system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-power MCU has two modes: periodic wake-up and wake-up of the motion detection module. It is used to acquire positioning data and motion status, and stays in sleep mode the rest of the time to reduce power consumption.

4. The tailings dam landslide displacement monitoring system based on UWB and solar-powered synergistic radio frequency energy transmission self-powered system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impedance matching circuit of the tag is used to maximize the efficiency of radio frequency energy reception, so that the monitoring node can still operate normally in sleep mode even without solar energy.

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