Composite energy storage system dynamic test platform and test method based on collaborative interaction

Abstract

The invention discloses a dynamic test platform and a dynamic test method for a composite energy storage system based on cooperative interaction. The dynamic test platform comprises a flywheel energy storage unit, a compressed air energy storage unit, an energy management and cooperative control unit, a data acquisition and analysis unit and a grid-connected / off-grid mode main switch, the energy management and cooperative control unit is used for dynamically adjusting the running states and function roles of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit; the data acquisition and analysis unit is used for acquiring full-dimension operation state parameters of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit in real time so as to identify abnormal working conditions and feed back analysis results to the energy management and cooperative control unit, and a control strategy is optimized; and the grid-connected / off-grid mode master switch receives a switch control signal of the energy management and cooperative control unit so as to switch the operation mode of the composite energy storage system and perform electric energy exchange. High-precision and multi-mode dynamic testing between the two large energy storage systems is achieved, system performance can be evaluated, and a collaborative operation strategy can be optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a dynamic testing platform and testing method for a collaborative and interactive composite energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing integration of renewable energy, power systems are placing higher demands on the flexibility, response speed, and duration of energy storage. Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS), with its millisecond-level fast response and high power density, excels at providing short-term power support and power quality improvement; while Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES), with its advantages of large capacity and long-term energy storage, is suitable for providing energy-related services. A hybrid energy storage system combining the two can achieve complementary advantages, providing the grid with multi-timescale, multi-functional services.

[0003] However, current testing of hybrid energy storage systems typically involves connecting them to the grid as a whole or focusing on unidirectional support testing of one subsystem to another. This approach has the following limitations: existing methods often use one energy storage system as a power source or load to test another, which is inherently limited and fails to fully explore the potential of the two systems as complementary test objects, making it difficult to achieve bidirectional, multi-dimensional performance cross-verification. For example, it cannot test the dynamic response of the CAES when receiving rapidly fluctuating power input from the FESS, nor can it test the adaptability of the FESS under long-term high-power output / absorption scenarios of the CAES. In actual operation, hybrid energy storage systems have complex energy flow, power distribution, and control coordination relationships among their subsystems. Existing test platforms struggle to accurately simulate this internal dynamic interaction, and are unable to comprehensively verify the performance of each subsystem under different interaction modes in an off-grid environment. Currently, there are few test schemes that integrate flexible switching between grid-connected and off-grid modes and support two energy storage systems with different characteristics as test objects and test platforms for each other. The lack of integrated, multi-functional testing capabilities leads to high testing costs, low efficiency, and potential discrepancies between test results and actual application scenarios. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an integrated dynamic testing method and platform that enables flywheel and compressed air energy storage systems to act as each other as a "virtual grid" and "test object," has bidirectional collaborative interactive testing capabilities, and can flexibly switch between grid-connected and off-grid modes, so as to comprehensively improve the efficiency of research, verification and optimization of composite energy storage systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the aforementioned existing problems, this invention is proposed. Therefore, this invention provides a dynamic testing platform and testing method for a collaborative interactive composite energy storage system to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a dynamic testing platform for a collaborative and interactive composite energy storage system, comprising:

[0007] Flywheel energy storage unit, compressed air energy storage unit, energy management and collaborative control unit, data acquisition and analysis unit, and grid-connected / off-grid mode main switch;

[0008] The energy management and coordination control unit is coupled to the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit. The energy management and coordination control unit is used to dynamically adjust the operating status and functional roles of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit.

[0009] The energy management and collaborative control unit is connected to the data acquisition and analysis unit. The data acquisition and analysis unit is used to collect the full-dimensional operating status parameters of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit in real time, so as to identify abnormal operating conditions and feed back the analysis results to the energy management and collaborative control unit for optimizing the control strategy.

[0010] The grid-connected / off-grid mode main switch is located at the main outlet of the composite energy storage system, and receives the switch control signal from the energy management and coordination control unit to switch the operating mode of the composite energy storage system and perform power exchange.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the dynamic testing platform for a collaborative and interactive composite energy storage system described in this invention, the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit are interconnected; the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit receive control signals from the energy management and collaborative control unit, and adjust their own operating modes and functional roles according to the instructions.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the dynamic testing platform for a collaborative and interactive composite energy storage system described in this invention, the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit provide real-time operating status parameters to the data acquisition and analysis unit.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the dynamic testing platform for a composite energy storage system based on collaborative interaction described in this invention, when the data acquisition and analysis unit identifies an abnormal operating condition, it feeds back the abnormal information to the energy management and collaborative control unit through data flow.

[0014] The energy management and coordination control unit dynamically adjusts the operating modes of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit based on abnormal information; and sends control signals to the grid-connected / off-grid mode main switch.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the dynamic testing platform for a composite energy storage system based on collaborative interaction described in this invention, the grid-connected / off-grid mode main switch receives the switch control signal from the energy management and collaborative control unit; when the main switch is closed, the composite energy storage system exchanges power with the external power grid; when the main switch is open, the composite energy storage system enters off-grid mode, and the internal energy storage units perform bidirectional collaborative interaction testing.

[0016] Secondly, the present invention provides a dynamic testing method for a composite energy storage system based on collaborative interaction, including: generating a target test scenario based on multi-dimensional operating condition simulation data, and dynamically allocating the functional roles of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit in the test through an adaptive learning algorithm;

[0017] With the main switch open in grid-connected / off-grid mode, the energy management and coordination control unit sends control commands to the energy storage unit, which acts as a virtual power grid, and sends response commands to the energy storage unit, which is the object under test, to perform energy interaction and dynamic testing of the energy storage unit. The energy management and coordination control unit performs closed-loop correction and dynamically switches the functional roles of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit based on the real-time collected full-dimensional operating status parameters to complete bidirectional mutual testing.

[0018] When the off-grid test is completed, the energy management and coordination control unit controls the main switch of grid-connected / off-grid mode to close, so that the composite energy storage system can be connected to the external power grid; the test conditions are reproduced in grid-connected mode to verify the performance of the composite energy storage system.

[0019] The data acquisition and analysis unit simultaneously collects all dimensions of the operating status parameters of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit, identifies abnormal operating conditions, evaluates the comprehensive performance indicators of each subsystem, and generates customized test reports.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the dynamic testing method for a collaborative interactive composite energy storage system described in this invention, the functional roles of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit in the test are dynamically allocated through an adaptive learning algorithm, including:

[0021] The multi-dimensional operating status data of the flywheel energy storage unit includes rotational speed, state of charge, power margin, temperature, and mechanical stress; the multi-dimensional operating status data of the compressed air energy storage unit includes gas storage pressure, temperature, flow rate, expander / compressor speed, thermodynamic efficiency, and energy reserve.

[0022] If the flywheel energy storage unit has a high rotational speed, sufficient state of charge, and high power output capability, and the test scenario requires rapid dynamic disturbance, then the flywheel energy storage unit is configured as a virtual short-time high-power grid, and a pulse is applied to the compressed air energy storage unit, which responds as the test object.

[0023] If the compressed air energy storage unit has high gas storage pressure, stable thermodynamic state, and long-term energy output capability, and the test scenario requires long-term power support, then the compressed air energy storage unit will be configured as a virtual long-term large-capacity power grid to supply power to the flywheel energy storage unit; the flywheel energy storage unit will be used as the test object to build up voltage and frequency.

[0024] If the flywheel energy storage unit is close to its maximum speed or has a low state of charge, but the compressed air energy storage unit is in good condition, then the flywheel energy storage unit is forced to be the test object and accept charging from the compressed air energy storage unit.

[0025] If the compressed air energy storage unit's pressure is close to the lower limit or the temperature is too high, but the flywheel energy storage unit is in good condition, then the compressed air energy storage unit is forced to be the test object, and the flywheel energy storage unit absorbs its discharge energy.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of the dynamic testing method for a collaborative interaction-based composite energy storage system described in this invention, the energy interaction and dynamic testing of the energy storage unit includes:

[0027] Both the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit are configured with dual operating roles;

[0028] When the flywheel energy storage unit is used as a virtual short-term high-power grid, it receives long-term power input from the compressed air energy storage unit to test its continuous charging and discharging capability.

[0029] When the flywheel energy storage unit is used as the test object, it simulates the rapid dynamic disturbance of the power grid to test the response capability of the compressed air energy storage unit to instantaneous power changes.

[0030] When the compressed air energy storage unit is the test object, it is subjected to a rapid power surge from the flywheel energy storage unit to test its dynamic absorption and regulation capabilities.

[0031] When the compressed air energy storage unit is a virtual long-term large-capacity power grid, it provides long-term stable power supply or absorbs large-capacity electrical energy, and is used to test the performance of the flywheel energy storage unit under continuous power support.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment of the dynamic testing method for a composite energy storage system based on collaborative interaction described in this invention, the method further includes: when the off-grid test is completed, if the main switch is open, the composite energy storage system enters off-grid mode, and the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit perform bidirectional collaborative interaction testing; if the main switch is closed, the composite energy storage system is connected to the external power grid and enters grid-connected mode to verify the compatibility and ancillary service performance of the composite energy storage system in a real power grid environment.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment of the dynamic testing method for a collaborative and interactive composite energy storage system described in this invention, the method includes: synchronously acquiring full-dimensional operating status parameters of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit, identifying abnormal operating conditions, evaluating the comprehensive performance indicators of each subsystem, and generating a customized test report, including:

[0034] According to the preset allowable fluctuation range, the data of each operating status are checked for exceeding the limit. When any measured value deviates from its allowable fluctuation range, an abnormal condition mark is generated. Cross-subsystem coupling verification is performed. When there is a time synchronization deviation between the instantaneous power command of the flywheel energy storage unit and the actual absorbed power of the compressed air energy storage unit, an abnormal condition mark is generated.

[0035] The abnormal condition is flagged and fed back to the energy management and coordination control unit to trigger the operating condition freeze or safe shutdown mode; by comparing the deviation between the measured efficiency or response speed and the historical benchmark curve, the subsystem performance bottleneck is identified, and a performance bottleneck label is generated when the deviation exceeds a preset threshold.

[0036] When any energy storage unit continuously calls its maximum adjustable margin to maintain power command during testing, it is identified as approaching the performance boundary. Based on the abnormal condition marker, performance bottleneck label, and approaching performance boundary state, the comprehensive performance index of each subsystem is evaluated, and a customized test report including dynamic response characteristics, energy conversion efficiency, loss distribution, and collaborative optimization effect is generated.

[0037] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention, for the first time, enables dynamic testing of flywheel energy storage units as a "virtual power grid," breaking through the limitations of traditional unidirectional testing. It can comprehensively and deeply evaluate the complex interactive relationships and performance coupling effects between the various subsystems within the composite energy storage system. Combining the high power density and large capacity / long-duration advantages of flywheel energy storage units, the system can simulate various complex power grid operating conditions covering milliseconds to hours, including high-speed frequency regulation, long-duration power support, and extreme fault ride-through, greatly improving the realism of the testing environment.

[0038] By setting the master switch, both grid-connected and off-grid extreme operating conditions can be tested in a laboratory environment, significantly reducing the cost and risk of on-site testing and accelerating the R&D process. Ultra-high-speed, time-synchronized data acquisition, combined with intelligent analysis algorithms, can accurately capture minute performance changes in each subsystem during interaction, providing more refined performance evaluation reports and strong data support for system optimization.

[0039] Through bidirectional mutual testing, a deeper understanding of the optimal coordination strategies between flywheel energy storage units can be achieved, including energy distribution, power response, and mode switching, thereby finding the optimal performance solution for the hybrid energy storage system in different application scenarios. Offline, flexible, and comprehensive testing capabilities significantly reduce dependence on external grid resources, lowering testing costs during the R&D phase and operational risks during subsequent product verification. By simulating various abnormal operating conditions and fault scenarios, valuable operational data can be accumulated, improving the system's fault diagnosis, self-healing capabilities, and operational reliability in actual operation. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein:

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of a dynamic testing platform for a composite energy storage system based on collaborative interaction, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the grid-connected / off-grid mode main switch control and signal transmission of a dynamic test platform for a collaborative and interactive composite energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow for a dynamic testing method of a composite energy storage system based on collaborative interaction, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0045] Example 1, referring to Figures 1-2 As one embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment provides a dynamic testing platform for a collaborative and interactive composite energy storage system, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a flywheel energy storage unit, a compressed air energy storage unit, an energy management and coordination control unit, a data acquisition and analysis unit, and a grid-connected / off-grid mode main switch;

[0046] The energy management and coordination control unit is coupled to the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit. The energy management and coordination control unit is used to dynamically adjust the operating status and functional roles of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit.

[0047] The energy management and collaborative control unit is connected to the data acquisition and analysis unit. The data acquisition and analysis unit is used to collect all dimensions of the operating status parameters of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit in real time, so as to identify abnormal operating conditions and feed back the analysis results to the energy management and collaborative control unit for optimizing the control strategy.

[0048] The main switch for grid-connected / off-grid mode is located at the main outlet of the composite energy storage system. It receives the switching control signal from the energy management and coordination control unit to switch the operating mode of the composite energy storage system and perform power exchange.

[0049] Figure 2 The present invention provides a schematic diagram of the main switch control and signal transmission in grid-connected / off-grid modes of a dynamic testing platform for a collaborative and interactive composite energy storage system, as shown in the following figure. Figure 2 As shown, it includes:

[0050] The flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit are interconnected; the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit receive control signals from the energy management and coordination control unit, and adjust their own operating modes and functional roles according to the instructions.

[0051] Flywheel energy storage units can serve as both a test object and a virtual short-term high-power grid, providing instantaneous high-power fluctuations or absorbing rapid power changes for compressed air energy storage units. They feature millisecond-level response speed, high-precision power point tracking control modules, and intelligent adaptive frequency / voltage regulation functions, enabling them to simulate rapid dynamic disturbances in the power grid. Compressed air energy storage units can also serve as a test object or a virtual long-term, high-capacity grid, providing stable power supply for long periods or absorbing large amounts of electrical energy for flywheel energy storage units. Compressed air energy storage units consist of an expander-generator (as a programmable power source) and a compressor-motor (as a programmable load), possessing multi-mode operation capabilities and long-term energy regulation capabilities.

[0052] The flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit provide real-time operating status parameters to the data acquisition and analysis unit.

[0053] When the data acquisition and analysis unit identifies an abnormal operating condition, it feeds back the abnormal information to the energy management and collaborative control unit through data flow;

[0054] The data acquisition and analysis unit integrates multi-channel, ultra-high-speed data acquisition modules to collect various electrical, mechanical, thermodynamic, and gas parameters (such as voltage, current, power, frequency, phase angle, rotational speed, pressure, temperature, and flow rate) of the flywheel energy storage unit and compressed air energy storage unit in real time. A strict time synchronization mechanism ensures the time consistency of all data, facilitating cross-subsystem, multi-dimensional correlation analysis. Built-in data anomaly detection, fault diagnosis, and performance evaluation algorithms identify and analyze abnormal conditions and subsystem performance bottlenecks during testing in real time. A visual analysis interface and customized performance reports are provided, including: charge and discharge efficiency of each subsystem, dynamic response characteristics, power regulation capability, fault ride-through capability, energy conversion loss distribution, and the optimization effect of the collaborative interaction between the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit.

[0055] The energy management and coordination control unit dynamically adjusts the operating modes of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit based on abnormal information; and sends control signals to the grid-connected / off-grid mode main switch.

[0056] The energy management and coordination control unit is also used to perform energy difference minimization scheduling, optimize energy matching between flywheel energy storage units and compressed air energy storage units, and reduce energy dependence on the external power grid.

[0057] The energy management and collaborative control unit adopts a multi-level, bidirectional, deeply coupled control architecture to achieve precise bidirectional collaborative control between the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit. It has a built-in multi-dimensional operating condition simulation database storing various real grid operation data, typical fault waveforms, and specific interactive operating condition curves required for mutual testing between the compressed air energy storage unit and the flywheel energy storage unit, and allows for custom loading of test conditions. Equipped with adaptive learning and predictive control algorithms, it can intelligently allocate the roles (test platform or test object) of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit according to the test objective, real-time system status, and operating condition requirements, and dynamically adjust energy flow and power distribution to ensure efficient and stable testing. This enables efficient energy circulation and management within the composite energy storage system, reducing energy loss during testing through optimized control strategies.

[0058] The main switch in grid-connected / off-grid mode receives the switch control signal from the energy management and coordination control unit; when the main switch is closed, the composite energy storage system exchanges power with the external power grid; when the main switch is open, the composite energy storage system enters off-grid mode, and the internal energy storage units conduct bidirectional collaborative interaction tests.

[0059] When the main switch for grid-connected / off-grid mode is closed: the entire composite energy storage system is connected to the external power grid, and overall or subsystem tests can be performed in grid-connected mode to verify its compatibility with the real power grid and its grid-connected performance.

[0060] When the main switch for grid-connected / off-grid mode is open: the hybrid energy storage system is completely disconnected from the external power grid. Supported by the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit acting as a "virtual power grid," it undergoes fully offline, bidirectional, interactive dynamic testing. This switch is controlled by the energy management and coordination control unit, enabling flexible switching of the test mode.

[0061] The control logic of the main switch in grid-connected / off-grid mode is controlled by the energy management and coordination control unit. The energy management and coordination control unit makes judgments based on the test objectives, real-time system status, and operating conditions. When the energy management and coordination control unit determines that the current test scenario needs to verify the grid-connected performance under a real power grid environment, it issues a closing command. When the scenario only needs to verify the bidirectional mutual testing of the FEES-compressed air energy storage unit and does not require the participation of the external power grid, it issues a tripping command.

[0062] The commands from the energy management and coordination control unit directly act on the controllable high-voltage circuit breaker or disconnector, enabling flexible switching of test modes. Each closing or opening of the main switch in grid-connected / off-grid mode is solely controlled by the real-time determination of the test conditions by the energy management and coordination control unit.

[0063] In an optional embodiment, test scenarios are selected or customized from a multi-dimensional operating condition simulation database based on the performance indicators to be evaluated, clarifying the roles of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit in the test.

[0064] Set the test objectives and security thresholds, and select either off-grid test mode or on-grid test mode.

[0065] It should be noted that each measurement parameter in this invention has a safety threshold, which is a fixed range of values ​​specified by relevant national regulations or equipment manufacturers.

[0066] System initialization and energy storage: Ensure that the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit are in a test-ready state and perform necessary initial energy storage.

[0067] Initialize the energy management and collaborative control unit and the data acquisition and analysis unit.

[0068] When the flywheel energy storage unit and compressed air energy storage unit are operating in off-grid mode in a collaborative interaction test mode: the compressed air energy storage unit serves as the test flywheel energy storage unit for a "virtual long-term, high-capacity power grid".

[0069] The energy management and collaborative control unit instructs the expander-generator of the compressed air energy storage unit to act as a programmable power source to supply power to the flywheel energy storage unit, or the compressor-motor to act as a programmable load to absorb the discharge of the flywheel energy storage unit, simulating long-term power fluctuations, energy continuity, black start power supply and other operating conditions.

[0070] The flywheel energy storage unit serves as a compressed air energy storage unit for testing in a "virtual short-time high-power grid": the energy management and coordination control unit instructs the flywheel energy storage unit to perform instantaneous high-power charging and discharging, providing rapidly changing power input to the compressor / expander of the compressed air energy storage unit, or absorbing its instantaneous power output, simulating the impact of rapid fluctuations in grid frequency, power quality disturbances, and other operating conditions on the compressed air energy storage unit.

[0071] Two-way collaborative interaction test: The energy management and collaborative control unit dynamically coordinates the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit to simultaneously play specific roles, testing their collaborative response capabilities and efficiency in energy transfer, power distribution, frequency / voltage support, and fault ride-through. For example, the flywheel energy storage unit simulates high-frequency disturbances, while the compressed air energy storage unit responds to low- and medium-frequency energy demands.

[0072] Grid-connected test mode switching: Under specific test requirements, the energy management and coordination control unit closes the main switch for grid-connected / off-grid mode, connecting the hybrid energy storage system to the external power grid. At this time, the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit can exchange energy with the grid collaboratively or independently, testing its grid-connected performance in a real power grid environment, such as reactive power compensation, fault ride-through, and ancillary service participation.

[0073] High-precision data acquisition and intelligent analysis: The test data acquisition and analysis unit collects all key parameters in real time at ultra-high speed throughout the entire testing process, and performs in-depth mining and intelligent analysis to evaluate: the transient response, efficiency, stability, and reliability of each subsystem when acting as the test object; the simulation accuracy, control capability, and support capability of each subsystem when acting as a virtual power grid; and the synergistic interaction effect and strategy optimization space between the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit. Customized test reports are generated, providing comprehensive data support for the product development, optimization, and practical application of the composite energy storage system.

[0074] This invention tests each other by treating the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit as a virtual power grid. For example, the flywheel energy storage unit can generate rapid pulse power to test the instantaneous response capability of the compressed air energy storage unit; the compressed air energy storage unit can provide long-term high-power output to test the continuous operating capability of the flywheel energy storage unit. The dual roles of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit clearly indicate that both energy storage systems have the functions of a test platform and a test object, and the roles can be dynamically switched according to test requirements.

[0075] The multi-dimensional operating condition simulation database and adaptive learning and predictive control algorithm of this invention not only include power grid operating conditions, but also particularly emphasize the specific interactive operating conditions required for internal mutual testing, and realize role allocation and energy dispatch through intelligent algorithms. It emphasizes the integration of all functions into a single platform, achieving comprehensiveness, flexibility, and efficiency in testing. The importance of the main switch in grid-connected / off-grid modes is further reinforced, clarifying its significance in bidirectional mutual testing and overall system verification.

[0076] Example 2, refer to Figure 3 This is one embodiment of the present invention, which differs from the first embodiment in that it provides a dynamic testing method for a composite energy storage system based on collaborative interaction, comprising:

[0077] S100: Generates target test scenarios based on multi-dimensional working condition simulation data, and dynamically allocates the functional roles of flywheel energy storage unit and compressed air energy storage unit in the test through adaptive learning algorithm;

[0078] S200: When the main switch is off in grid-connected / off-grid mode, the energy management and coordination control unit sends control commands to the energy storage unit, which acts as a virtual power grid, and sends response commands to the energy storage unit, which is the object under test, to perform energy interaction and dynamic testing of the energy storage unit; the energy management and coordination control unit performs closed-loop correction and dynamically switches the functional roles of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit based on the real-time collected full-dimensional operating status parameters to complete bidirectional mutual testing;

[0079] S300: When the off-grid test is completed, the energy management and coordination control unit controls the grid-connected / off-grid mode main switch to close, enabling the composite energy storage system to connect to the external power grid; the test conditions are reproduced in grid-connected mode to verify the performance of the composite energy storage system.

[0080] S400: The data acquisition and analysis unit synchronously collects all dimensions of the operating status parameters of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit, identifies abnormal operating conditions, evaluates the comprehensive performance indicators of each subsystem, and generates customized test reports.

[0081] In this embodiment of the invention, step S100, which dynamically allocates the functional roles of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit during testing using an adaptive learning algorithm, includes:

[0082] The multi-dimensional operating status data of the flywheel energy storage unit includes speed, state of charge, power margin, temperature, and mechanical stress; the multi-dimensional operating status data of the compressed air energy storage unit includes gas pressure, temperature, flow rate, expander / compressor speed, thermodynamic efficiency, and energy reserve.

[0083] If the flywheel energy storage unit has a high rotational speed, sufficient state of charge, and high power output capability, and the test scenario requires rapid dynamic disturbance, then the flywheel energy storage unit is configured as a virtual short-time high-power grid, and a pulse is applied to the compressed air energy storage unit, which responds as the test object.

[0084] If the compressed air energy storage unit has high gas storage pressure, stable thermodynamic state, and long-term energy output capability, and the test scenario requires long-term power support, then the compressed air energy storage unit will be configured as a virtual long-term large-capacity power grid to supply power to the flywheel energy storage unit; the flywheel energy storage unit will be used as the test object to build up voltage and frequency.

[0085] If the flywheel energy storage unit is close to its maximum speed or has a low state of charge, but the compressed air energy storage unit is in good condition, then the flywheel energy storage unit is forced to be the test object and accept charging from the compressed air energy storage unit.

[0086] If the compressed air energy storage unit's pressure is close to the lower limit or the temperature is too high, but the flywheel energy storage unit is in good condition, then the compressed air energy storage unit is forced to be the test object, and the flywheel energy storage unit absorbs its discharge energy.

[0087] In an optional implementation, before the test of the composite energy storage system is initiated, the energy management and collaborative control unit reads the currently selected test scenario (including the target operating condition curve) from the multi-dimensional operating condition simulation database.

[0088] The adaptive algorithm determines, in real time, which party acts as the "virtual power grid" (test platform) and which party is the "test object" based on scenario requirements, real-time SOC of the flywheel energy storage unit / compressed air energy storage unit, power / energy margin, and mechanical-thermodynamic safety boundary.

[0089] Character commands are refreshed at millisecond intervals to ensure they can be switched at any time during two-way collaborative interaction testing.

[0090] If the compressed air energy storage unit is selected as a "virtual long-term large-capacity power grid": the energy management and coordination control unit calls its expander-generator as a programmable power source, or calls the compressor-motor as a programmable load; the power command is obtained by real-time interpolation of the operating condition curve, and the fine-tuning amount generated by the adaptive algorithm is superimposed to ensure that the long-term power output / absorption of the flywheel energy storage unit is stable and adjustable.

[0091] If the flywheel energy storage unit is selected as the "virtual short-time high-power grid": the energy management and coordination control unit calls its high power density module to generate millisecond-level pulses or high-slope power commands; through the high-precision power tracking control module, it ensures the accurate reproduction of the instantaneous power impact on the compressor / expander of the compressed air energy storage unit.

[0092] At any given time, the energy management and coordination control unit maintains two parallel command links: one for the current "virtual grid" and the other for the "object under test," and performs cross-verification within the bidirectional deep coupling control layer to prevent power-energy mismatch.

[0093] The ultra-high-speed data acquisition module synchronously transmits data from the flywheel energy storage unit (voltage, current, frequency, speed) and the compressed air energy storage unit (pressure, temperature, flow rate, expander / compressor speed). The adaptive learning and predictive control algorithm performs microsecond-level feedforward-feedback corrections to the power command based on real-time data.

[0094] If the flywheel energy storage unit's rotational speed approaches its upper limit, its discharge command is immediately lowered, and the compressed air energy storage unit is simultaneously required to increase its absorption power. If the compressed air energy storage unit's gas pressure approaches its lower limit, its expander's power generation command is immediately raised, and the flywheel energy storage unit's charging power is simultaneously lowered. This closed loop maintains continuous operation whether the main switch is open (off-grid) or closed (grid-connected) in grid-connected / off-grid mode.

[0095] The energy management and coordination control unit continuously calculates the energy difference between the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit, utilizing efficient energy circulation and management strategies within the composite energy storage system, specifically including:

[0096] When the system is in off-grid mutual testing mode, energy is prioritized to circulate between the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit to reduce the need for external energy replenishment.

[0097] The algorithm searches for the power distribution path with the least energy loss in real time, such as allowing the high-power pulses of the flywheel energy storage unit to be directly absorbed by the compressor load of the compressed air energy storage unit, instead of being transferred through the power grid.

[0098] Once the high-precision test data acquisition unit detects an anomaly, such as overspeed of the flywheel energy storage unit, overpressure of the compressed air energy storage unit, or temperature exceeding the limit, the energy management and collaborative control unit immediately freezes the current operating condition curve and forces both parties to switch to "safe shutdown" mode: the flywheel energy storage unit enters coasting or short-circuit braking, and the compressed air energy storage unit closes the intake valve and unloads; the full-domain data for 100 milliseconds before and after the fault is recorded simultaneously for subsequent diagnosis.

[0099] Through the above steps, the energy management and collaborative control unit realizes millisecond-level dynamic switching between the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit in their dual roles as "test platform / test object", precise bidirectional coupling of power and energy, and closed-loop collaborative control that minimizes internal energy loss.

[0100] In an optional embodiment, the energy management and collaborative control unit can also realize efficient circulation and management of energy within the composite energy storage system, and reduce energy loss during the testing process by optimizing the control strategy. Specifically, this includes: an adaptive algorithm that determines in real time which side is the "source" and which side is the "load" based on the instantaneous SOC and speed limit of the flywheel energy storage unit and the gas storage pressure and temperature margin of the compressed air energy storage unit; and the amplitude and slope of the power command.

[0101] In off-grid mutual testing mode, the high-power pulses of the flywheel energy storage unit are preferentially absorbed directly by the compressor-motor of the compressed air energy storage unit, or the output of the expander-generator of the compressed air energy storage unit is directly supplied to charge the flywheel energy storage unit. This avoids any energy flowing to the external power grid and then back, thus minimizing losses. Within this closed loop.

[0102] The energy management and coordination control unit continuously calculates the difference between "currently releaseable energy of the flywheel energy storage unit" and "currently absorbable / releaseable energy of the compressed air energy storage unit". By fine-tuning the power command, the difference is brought closer to zero. The real-time power redistribution driven by this difference reduces reactive power cycling and heat loss.

[0103] The flywheel energy storage unit's "millisecond-level fast response" complements the compressed air energy storage unit's "long-duration, large-capacity" performance. The optimization strategy completely entrusts the absorption / release of high-frequency, low-energy pulses to the internal inertia and power electronics of the flywheel energy storage unit; while the absorption / release of low-frequency, high-energy components is handled by the mechanical-gas link of the compressed air energy storage unit; through "pulse-average power decoupling," the dual losses of the flywheel energy storage unit-DC bus and the expansion / compression link of the compressed air energy storage unit are reduced.

[0104] The high-precision test data acquisition unit monitors losses at each stage (electrical, mechanical, thermal, and gas) in real time with strict time synchronization. The energy management and coordination control unit feeds the loss data back to the adaptive algorithm, which adjusts the amplitude, phase, and slope of the next power command in real time, ensuring that the "internal loop" always operates at the lowest loss operating point. The grid-connected / off-grid mode main switch is only allowed to close when the internal loop cannot fully balance the energy, introducing the external grid to make up the difference; once the internal loop is balanced, the switch is disconnected to continue the efficient "off-grid" loop. Through the adaptive algorithm of the energy management and coordination control unit, driven by real-time energy difference, power complementarity and closed-loop correction are completed between the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit at multiple time scales from milliseconds to seconds to hours, ensuring that energy is always within the optimal range. The internal efficient circulation minimizes losses during the testing process.

[0105] In this embodiment of the invention, step S200, the energy interaction and dynamic testing of the energy storage unit, includes:

[0106] Both the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit are configured with dual operating roles;

[0107] When the flywheel energy storage unit is used as a virtual short-term high-power grid, it receives long-term power input from the compressed air energy storage unit to test its continuous charging and discharging capability.

[0108] When the flywheel energy storage unit is used as the test object, it simulates the rapid dynamic disturbance of the power grid to test the response capability of the compressed air energy storage unit to instantaneous power changes.

[0109] When the compressed air energy storage unit is the test object, it is subjected to a rapid power surge from the flywheel energy storage unit to test its dynamic absorption and regulation capabilities.

[0110] When the compressed air energy storage unit is a virtual long-term large-capacity power grid, it provides long-term stable power supply or absorbs large-capacity electrical energy, and is used to test the performance of the flywheel energy storage unit under continuous power support.

[0111] In this embodiment of the invention, step S200 further includes: when the off-grid test is completed, if the main switch is open, the composite energy storage system enters the off-grid mode, and the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit conduct bidirectional collaborative interaction tests; if the main switch is closed, the composite energy storage system is connected to the external power grid and enters the grid-connected mode to verify the compatibility and ancillary service performance of the composite energy storage system in a real power grid environment.

[0112] In this embodiment of the invention, step S400 involves simultaneously acquiring full-dimensional operating status parameters of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit, identifying abnormal operating conditions, evaluating the comprehensive performance indicators of each subsystem, and generating a customized test report, including:

[0113] According to the preset allowable fluctuation range, the data of each operating status are checked for exceeding the limit. When any measured value deviates from its allowable fluctuation range, an abnormal condition mark is generated. Cross-subsystem coupling verification is performed. When there is a time synchronization deviation between the instantaneous power command of the flywheel energy storage unit and the actual absorbed power of the compressed air energy storage unit, an abnormal condition mark is generated.

[0114] Abnormal conditions are flagged and fed back to the energy management and coordination control unit to trigger operating condition freeze or safe shutdown mode; by comparing the deviation of measured efficiency or response speed with historical baseline curves, subsystem performance bottlenecks are identified, and a performance bottleneck label is generated when the deviation exceeds a preset threshold.

[0115] When any energy storage unit continuously calls its maximum adjustable margin to maintain power command during testing, it is identified as approaching the performance boundary. Based on the abnormal condition markers, performance bottleneck labels, and the state of approaching the performance boundary, the comprehensive performance indicators of each subsystem are evaluated, and a customized test report including dynamic response characteristics, energy conversion efficiency, loss distribution, and synergistic optimization effects is generated.

[0116] In an optional embodiment, the step of marking abnormal conditions specifically includes:

[0117] Real-time data collection includes voltage, current, power, frequency, phase angle, speed, pressure, temperature, and flow rate.

[0118] For each type of data collection, a preset allowable fluctuation range is defined by relevant national regulations or the equipment manufacturer. When any measured value continuously deviates from this range, an abnormal condition flag is triggered.

[0119] If there is a time synchronization deviation between the instantaneous power command of the flywheel energy storage unit and the actual absorbed power of the compressed air energy storage unit, it is also considered abnormal.

[0120] When the measured efficiency or response speed is lower than the historical baseline curve (which is automatically generated from similar operating condition data in the "Multi-dimensional Operating Condition Simulation Database") by a certain percentage, it is marked as a "performance bottleneck".

[0121] If, under the same test conditions, the flywheel energy storage unit or the compressed air energy storage unit needs to continuously utilize its maximum adjustable margin to maintain the set power command, the algorithm identifies it as "approaching the performance boundary".

[0122] The ultra-high-speed acquisition module packages all the above parameters into the algorithm with strict time synchronization. The algorithm first performs single-variable limit exceedance detection, and then performs multi-variable coupling verification; if either step is triggered, an "abnormal event" tag is immediately generated. The tag includes full-domain data (supported by "high-precision test data acquisition") for 100ms before and after the event, which can be used in subsequent visualization interfaces and customized reports.

[0123] Once an anomaly label is generated, the energy management and collaborative control unit immediately initiates the fault tolerance process: freezing the operating condition curve and switching to a safe shutdown mode. Performance bottleneck labels are used for online updates of the adaptive learning algorithm, optimizing the next round of role allocation and power distribution strategies to reduce energy loss during testing.

[0124] Example 3 is an embodiment of the present invention, providing a test example of a dynamic testing method for a composite energy storage system based on collaborative interaction, to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention.

[0125] Step 1: Test Scenario and Character Setting

[0126] In this embodiment, the scenario is derived from the combination of "black start after extreme failure + 500ms high-frequency pulse disturbance" in the multi-dimensional operating condition simulation database.

[0127] In phase A (0s–120s): the compressed air energy storage unit serves as the black start power source for the “virtual long-term large-capacity power grid”, and the flywheel energy storage unit serves as the test object;

[0128] In phase B (120s–125s): roles are reversed, the flywheel energy storage unit acts as a “virtual short-time high-power grid” and injects a 2MW·500ms pulse into the compressed air energy storage unit, which then acts as the test object.

[0129] The test mode is to first complete phase A+B by "off-grid", and then switch to "grid-connected" to reproduce the same working conditions and verify consistency.

[0130] Step 2: System Initialization and Energy Storage

[0131] The flywheel energy storage unit is precharged to 90% SOC, and the compressed air energy storage unit's storage tank is maintained at 7MPa.

[0132] The energy management and collaborative control unit is initialized, and the data acquisition and analysis unit is started synchronously.

[0133] Step 3: Collaborative Interaction Test Run (Offline Mode)

[0134] Phase A: The energy management and collaborative control unit instructs the compressed air energy storage unit expander-generator to supply power to the flywheel energy storage unit at a constant power of 1MW, simulating a black start. The flywheel energy storage unit completes voltage and frequency build-up from 0 to 50Hz within 90s; the data acquisition unit records its "transient response, efficiency, and stability".

[0135] Phase B: The energy management and collaborative control unit instantly swaps roles, with the flywheel energy storage unit discharging with a 2MW·500ms pulse, and the compressed air energy storage unit's compressor-motor acting as a programmable load absorber. The data acquisition and analysis unit captures the compressed air energy storage unit's "power regulation capability, fault ride-through capability, and energy conversion loss distribution."

[0136] Step 4: Switching to Grid Connection Mode

[0137] The energy management and coordination control unit controls the closing of the "grid-connected / off-grid mode main switch," connecting the system to the actual 10kV distribution network. Repeat phase A+B to verify the consistency with the off-grid results, focusing on checking the "reactive power compensation and ancillary service participation" indicators.

[0138] Step 5: Data Acquisition and Intelligent Analysis

[0139] Flywheel energy storage unit terminal voltage, current, and speed; compressed air energy storage unit pressure, temperature, flow rate, and expander / compressor speed; real-time power of bidirectional energy flow.

[0140] Phase A: The flywheel energy storage unit achieved a pressure and frequency build-up time of 87ms and an efficiency of 94% (≥ historical baseline 92%), with no abnormalities. Phase B: After absorbing pulse power, the compressed air energy storage unit exhibited a pressure fluctuation of 0.05MPa (< safety threshold 0.1MPa) and a loss distribution of 3.8% (< baseline 4%). Grid-connected replication deviation was <1%, verifying the seamless grid-connected / off-grid switching effect.

[0141] The above steps demonstrate that a single experiment completes the mutual testing between FEES → Compressed Air Energy Storage Unit and Compressed Air Energy Storage Unit → Flywheel Energy Storage Unit, breaking through the limitations of traditional unidirectional testing. The entire process of "black start + high-frequency disturbance" from milliseconds to seconds to stages is covered using only a laboratory platform. The seamless grid-connected / off-grid switching main switch action time is 15ms, and the test data deviation is <1%. A 100kHz sampling rate captures 0.02% fluctuations in the flywheel energy storage unit's speed and 0.01MPa-level changes in the compressed air energy storage unit's pressure. Zero abnormal events occurred throughout the process, and the algorithm confirmed that neither subsystem triggered safety thresholds.

[0142] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic testing platform for a collaborative and interactive composite energy storage system, characterized in that, include: Flywheel energy storage unit, compressed air energy storage unit, energy management and collaborative control unit, data acquisition and analysis unit, and grid-connected / off-grid mode main switch; The energy management and coordination control unit is coupled to the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit. The energy management and coordination control unit is used to dynamically adjust the operating status and functional roles of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit. The energy management and collaborative control unit is connected to the data acquisition and analysis unit. The data acquisition and analysis unit is used to collect the full-dimensional operating status parameters of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit in real time, so as to identify abnormal operating conditions and feed back the analysis results to the energy management and collaborative control unit for optimizing the control strategy. The grid-connected / off-grid mode main switch is located at the main outlet of the composite energy storage system, and receives the switch control signal from the energy management and coordination control unit to switch the operating mode of the composite energy storage system and perform power exchange.

2. The dynamic testing platform for a collaborative and interactive composite energy storage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The flywheel energy storage unit is interconnected with the compressed air energy storage unit; the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit receive control signals from the energy management and coordination control unit, and adjust their own operating modes and functional roles according to the instructions.

3. The dynamic testing platform for a collaborative and interactive composite energy storage system as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit provide real-time operating status parameters to the data acquisition and analysis unit.

4. The dynamic testing platform for a collaborative and interactive composite energy storage system as described in claim 3, characterized in that: When the data acquisition and analysis unit identifies an abnormal operating condition, it feeds back the abnormal information to the energy management and collaborative control unit through data flow; The energy management and coordination control unit dynamically adjusts the operating modes of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit based on abnormal information; and sends control signals to the grid-connected / off-grid mode main switch.

5. The dynamic testing platform for a collaborative and interactive composite energy storage system as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The grid-connected / off-grid mode main switch receives the switching control signal from the energy management and coordination control unit; when the main switch is closed, the composite energy storage system exchanges power with the external power grid; when the main switch is open, the composite energy storage system enters off-grid mode, and the internal energy storage units conduct bidirectional collaborative interaction tests.

6. A dynamic testing method for a collaborative interaction-based composite energy storage system, wherein the method is applied to a dynamic testing platform for a collaborative interaction-based composite energy storage system, characterized in that, include: Target test scenarios are generated based on multi-dimensional working condition simulation data, and the functional roles of flywheel energy storage unit and compressed air energy storage unit in the test are dynamically allocated through adaptive learning algorithm. With the main switch open in grid-connected / off-grid mode, the energy management and coordination control unit sends control commands to the energy storage unit, which acts as a virtual power grid, and sends response commands to the energy storage unit, which is the object under test, to perform energy interaction and dynamic testing of the energy storage unit. The energy management and coordination control unit performs closed-loop correction and dynamically switches the functional roles of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit based on the real-time collected full-dimensional operating status parameters to complete bidirectional mutual testing. When the off-grid test is completed, the energy management and coordination control unit controls the main switch of grid-connected / off-grid mode to close, so that the composite energy storage system can be connected to the external power grid; the test conditions are reproduced in grid-connected mode to verify the performance of the composite energy storage system. The data acquisition and analysis unit simultaneously collects all dimensions of the operating status parameters of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit, identifies abnormal operating conditions, evaluates the comprehensive performance indicators of each subsystem, and generates customized test reports.

7. The dynamic testing method for a composite energy storage system based on collaborative interaction as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The functional roles of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit in the test are dynamically allocated through an adaptive learning algorithm, including: The multi-dimensional operating status data of the flywheel energy storage unit includes rotational speed, state of charge, power margin, temperature, and mechanical stress; the multi-dimensional operating status data of the compressed air energy storage unit includes gas storage pressure, temperature, flow rate, expander / compressor speed, thermodynamic efficiency, and energy reserve. If the flywheel energy storage unit has a high rotational speed, sufficient state of charge, and high power output capability, and the test scenario requires rapid dynamic disturbance, then the flywheel energy storage unit is configured as a virtual short-time high-power grid, and a pulse is applied to the compressed air energy storage unit, which responds as the test object. If the compressed air energy storage unit has high gas storage pressure, stable thermodynamic state, and long-term energy output capability, and the test scenario requires long-term power support, then the compressed air energy storage unit will be configured as a virtual long-term large-capacity power grid to supply power to the flywheel energy storage unit; the flywheel energy storage unit will be used as the test object to build up voltage and frequency. If the flywheel energy storage unit is close to its maximum speed or has a low state of charge, but the compressed air energy storage unit is in good condition, then the flywheel energy storage unit is forced to be the test object and accept charging from the compressed air energy storage unit. If the compressed air energy storage unit's pressure is close to the lower limit or the temperature is too high, but the flywheel energy storage unit is in good condition, then the compressed air energy storage unit is forced to be the test object, and the flywheel energy storage unit absorbs its discharge energy.

8. The dynamic testing method for a composite energy storage system based on collaborative interaction as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The energy interaction and dynamic testing of the energy storage unit includes: Both the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit are configured with dual operating roles; When the flywheel energy storage unit is used as a virtual short-term high-power grid, it receives long-term power input from the compressed air energy storage unit to test its continuous charging and discharging capability. When the flywheel energy storage unit is used as the test object, it simulates the rapid dynamic disturbance of the power grid to test the response capability of the compressed air energy storage unit to instantaneous power changes. When the compressed air energy storage unit is the test object, it is subjected to a rapid power surge from the flywheel energy storage unit to test its dynamic absorption and regulation capabilities. When the compressed air energy storage unit is a virtual long-term large-capacity power grid, it provides stable power supply for a long time or absorbs large-capacity electrical energy, and is used to test the performance of the flywheel energy storage unit under continuous power support.

9. The dynamic testing method for a composite energy storage system based on collaborative interaction as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: When the off-grid test is completed, if the main switch is turned off, the composite energy storage system enters the off-grid mode, and the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit conduct bidirectional collaborative interaction tests. If the main switch is closed, the composite energy storage system is connected to the external power grid and enters grid-connected mode to verify the compatibility and ancillary service performance of the composite energy storage system in a real power grid environment.

10. The dynamic testing method for a composite energy storage system based on collaborative interaction as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Simultaneously collect comprehensive operational status parameters of the flywheel energy storage unit and the compressed air energy storage unit, identify abnormal operating conditions, evaluate the comprehensive performance indicators of each subsystem, and generate customized test reports, including: According to the preset allowable fluctuation range, the data of each operating status are checked for exceeding the limit. When any measured value deviates from its allowable fluctuation range, an abnormal condition mark is generated. Cross-subsystem coupling verification is performed. When there is a time synchronization deviation between the instantaneous power command of the flywheel energy storage unit and the actual absorbed power of the compressed air energy storage unit, an abnormal condition mark is generated. The abnormal condition is flagged and fed back to the energy management and coordination control unit to trigger the operating condition freeze or safe shutdown mode; by comparing the deviation between the measured efficiency or response speed and the historical benchmark curve, the subsystem performance bottleneck is identified, and a performance bottleneck label is generated when the deviation exceeds a preset threshold. When any energy storage unit continuously calls its maximum adjustable margin to maintain power command during testing, it is identified as approaching the performance boundary. Based on the abnormal condition marker, performance bottleneck label, and approaching performance boundary state, the comprehensive performance index of each subsystem is evaluated, and a customized test report including dynamic response characteristics, energy conversion efficiency, loss distribution, and collaborative optimization effect is generated.

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