Device and method for material impact loading test

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of material dynamic performance evaluation, in particular to a device and a method for a material impact loading test, the device comprises a bearing table, a test platform, a laser speed measurement mechanism and an X-ray detection assembly, the laser speed measurement mechanism provides a high-sampling-rate speed signal through non-contact measurement, and the X-ray detection assembly is connected with the bearing table; the speed change process of the impact moment is accurately captured; the X-ray detection assembly is used for carrying out nondestructive detection on a test material by utilizing an X-ray in-situ detection technology, observing and analyzing change data of an internal structure of the material in real time by utilizing the penetrating power of high-energy X-rays, and carrying out real-time observation on the internal structure under the condition of not damaging a sample; the method provides more accurate measurement data; more accurate measurement data of the falling speed of the impact component are obtained, and time correlation analysis can be performed on the mechanical response of the test material and the X-ray image frame, so that a more accurate impact resistance detection result of the test material is obtained.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of material dynamic performance evaluation, in particular to a device and method for material impact loading test. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a traditional impact test method, drop hammer impact loading is widely used in the detection of material impact resistance. Compared with other impact loading methods, drop hammer impact loading has the advantages of low cost, safety and reliability. Drop hammer impact loading simulates the impact environment in the actual use process to qualitatively evaluate the impact resistance of the material.

[0003] However, when analyzing the material, the "post-failure analysis" lag mode is usually used, which cannot monitor the dynamic micro changes inside the sample in real time, and multiple experiments are needed to obtain the best parameters, which consumes a lot of time and is low in efficiency. The traditional drop hammer loading equipment is often set by hand, which also increases the experimental contingency and leads to low experimental repeatability. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art that the current drop hammer impact loading test cannot monitor the dynamic micro changes inside the sample in real time, and the test repeatability is low, and provides a device and method for material impact loading test.

[0005] In a first aspect, a device for material impact loading test comprises: a bearing table provided with a guide rail assembly, an impact assembly being slidably arranged on the guide rail assembly and vertically slidable along the guide rail assembly; a test platform connected with the bearing table, the test platform being located below the impact assembly; the impact assembly is vertically slidable along the guide rail assembly under the action of gravity and can impact the test platform; a laser speed measurement mechanism connected with the bearing table, the laser speed measurement mechanism being used to measure the speed change history of the impact assembly at the moment of impacting the test material; an X-ray detection assembly, the optical path of the X-ray detection assembly passing through the test platform, the X-ray detection assembly being used to detect the internal microstructure change image data of the test material under the impact.

[0006] Preferably, a control unit and a data analysis unit are further included, the X-ray detection assembly is electrically connected with the control unit, and the laser speed measurement mechanism is electrically connected with the control unit; the X-ray detection assembly is communicatively connected with the data analysis unit, and the laser speed measurement mechanism is communicatively connected with the data analysis unit.

[0007] Preferably, the guide rail assembly includes a first vertical rod, a second vertical rod, and a top plate. The first and second vertical rods are disposed opposite each other on both sides of the test platform. The first and second vertical rods are spaced apart from the test platform. The first and second vertical rods are slidably connected to the impact component. The first and second vertical rods are parallel to each other. The top end of the first vertical rod is connected to the top plate, and the bottom end of the first vertical rod is connected to the support platform. The top end of the second vertical rod is connected to the top plate, and the bottom end of the second vertical rod is connected to the support platform. A lifting component is provided on the top plate. The lifting component is detachably connected to the impact component and can lift the impact component to a specified height. The lifting component is electrically connected to the control unit.

[0008] Preferably, the lifting assembly includes a drive motor, a screw, a support plate, and an electromagnet. The electromagnet is connected to the support plate. One end of the support plate is slidably connected to the first vertical rod, and the other end is slidably connected to the second vertical rod. The drive motor is connected to the top plate and the screw, and the drive motor can drive the screw to rotate. The support plate is provided with a connector, which is adapted to the screw. The rotation of the screw can drive the support plate to move along the first vertical rod. The electromagnet can attract the impact assembly. The electromagnet is electrically connected to the control unit, and the drive motor is electrically connected to the control unit.

[0009] Preferably, the impact assembly includes a support plate, a hammer head, and a counterweight. One end of the support plate is slidably connected to the first vertical rod, and the other end is slidably connected to the second vertical rod. The support plate is detachably connected to the hammer head, and the counterweight is detachably connected to the support plate. The electromagnet can attract the support plate, and the hammer head can impact the test platform.

[0010] Preferably, the test platform is equipped with a force sensor, which is communicatively connected to the data analysis unit.

[0011] Preferably, the laser velocimetry mechanism includes a laser Doppler velocimeter, a reflective film, and a reflector. The reflector is connected to the support platform, the reflective film is attached to the impact assembly, the laser Doppler velocimeter is communicatively connected to the data analysis unit, and the laser Doppler velocimeter is electrically connected to the control unit.

[0012] Preferably, the X-ray detection component includes an X-ray generator and a detector, the test platform is located between the X-ray generator and the detector, the X-ray detection component is communicatively connected to the data analysis unit, and the X-ray generator is electrically connected to the control unit.

[0013] Preferably, the support platform is provided with an ambient light shield, the laser velocity measuring mechanism is connected to the ambient light shield, the top of the ambient light shield is provided with a first through hole, a second through hole and an opening for the impact component to pass through, the optical path passes through the first through hole and the optical path passes through the second through hole, and transparent components are respectively provided in the first through hole and the second through hole.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a test method for impact loading of materials, employing the aforementioned apparatus for impact loading tests of materials, comprising the following steps: S1: Placement of test materials: The test materials are fixed on the test platform; S2: Adjust the laser velocimetry mechanism: Check the measuring optical path of the laser velocimetry mechanism and adjust the measuring optical path to always be within the laser velocimetry range; S3: Install an ambient light shield: Cover the test platform with an ambient light shield; S4: Adjust the ambient light shield: Adjust the ambient light shield so that the test material, the first through hole and the second through hole are in a straight line, and the light path passes through the first through hole and the second through hole. S5: Conduct an impact test: Set the impact loading height and release the impact component to impact the test material; S6: Acquiring test data: The laser velocimetry mechanism obtains the velocity change history of the impact component impacting the test material; the X-ray detection component obtains image data of the internal microstructure changes of the test material under impact. S7: Data Analysis: Perform time correlation analysis between the mechanical response of the test material and X-ray image frames.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention provides an apparatus for material impact loading tests. A guide rail assembly guides the impact component, enabling it to fall vertically and impact the test material on a test platform. The guide rail assembly ensures the perpendicularity of the impact component's movement, reducing energy loss and unexpected loads, thereby minimizing human error. A laser velocimetry mechanism provides a high-sampling-rate velocity signal through non-contact measurement, accurately capturing the velocity change process at the moment of impact. An X-ray detection component utilizes in-situ X-ray detection technology to perform non-destructive testing on the test material, using the penetrating power of high-energy X-rays to observe and analyze changes in the material's internal structure in real time, allowing for real-time observation of the internal structure without damaging the sample.

[0016] 2. This invention provides a method for material impact loading testing. It employs a device for performing impact tests on the test material. A guide rail assembly guides the impact component, enhancing its drop stability and allowing operators to accurately control the impact energy, avoiding unexpected loads. An X-ray detection assembly performs non-destructive testing on the test material, preventing damage. An ambient light shield isolates the X-ray imaging from ambient light, ensuring more accurate measurement data. A laser velocimetry mechanism provides more accurate measurement data of the impact component's drop velocity. All data has a unified timestamp, providing a strictly synchronized multimodal data stream for subsequent analysis. Time-correlation analysis of the mechanical response of the test material with X-ray image frames allows for more accurate impact resistance test results. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a top view schematic diagram of an apparatus for material impact loading testing according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the detector structure of a device for material impact loading testing according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the guide rail assembly of a device for material impact loading testing according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the laser velocimetry mechanism of a device for material impact loading testing according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the impact assembly of an apparatus for material impact loading testing according to the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ambient light shielding cover for a material impact loading test apparatus according to the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the ambient light shield of an apparatus for material impact loading testing according to the present invention from another perspective. Figure 8 This is a top view of the ambient light shield of an apparatus for material impact loading testing according to the present invention. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the hammer head of a device for material impact loading test according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the hammer head of a device for material impact loading testing according to the present invention; Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of another hammer head structure of a device for material impact loading test according to the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the counterweight block of a device for material impact loading test according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the control principle of the control unit of a device for material impact loading test according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the control interface of the control unit of a device for material impact loading test according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for material impact loading tests according to the present invention.

[0018] Marked in the image: 1-Bearing platform, 2-X-ray detection assembly, 21-X-ray generator, 22-Detector, 221-Camera, 222-Refractor, 223-Scintillator, 23-Optical path, 3-Laser velocimetry mechanism, 31-Laser Doppler velocimeter, 32-Reflector, 33-Reflective film, 4-Guide rail assembly, 41-First vertical rod, 42-Second vertical rod, 43-Top plate, 5-Lifting assembly, 51-Drive motor, 52-Screw, 53-Support plate, 54-Electromagnet, 6-Impact assembly, 61-Hammer, 62-Bearing plate, 63-Counterweight, 7-Test platform, 8-Force sensor, 9-Data analysis unit, 91-Amplifier, 10-Ambient light shield, 101-First through hole, 102-Second through hole, 103-Opening, 104-Mounting port, 11-Control unit. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0020] Unless otherwise specified, the use of terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "inner," and "outer" to indicate orientation or positional relationships in the description of specific embodiments of the present invention is based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product / equipment / device is typically placed during use. These terms are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present invention or simplifying the description in specific embodiments, enabling those skilled in the art to quickly understand the solution, and do not indicate or imply that a particular device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0021] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," and "parallel" does not imply that the corresponding device / component / element must be absolutely horizontal, vertical, suspended, or parallel, but rather that it can be slightly tilted or have a deviation. For example, "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," not that the structure must be completely horizontal, but that it can be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding device / component / element, when set in a "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," or "parallel" direction, can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction, more preferably within ±8%, more preferably within ±6%, more preferably within ±5%, and more preferably within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its function in the present invention.

[0022] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and "third" in terminology is merely for distinguishing descriptions of identical or similar components and should not be interpreted as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of a particular component.

[0023] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several", "more than", and "a number of" represent at least two. The number can be any number, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, and can even exceed nine.

[0024] Furthermore, in the description of the technical solution of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified / limited / restricted, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," "link," "provided with," "laid out," and "arranged" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to common connection methods in the art, such as welding, riveting, bolting, and threaded connections. Such connections can be mechanical, electrical, or communication connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components.

[0025] Example 1 like Figures 1-13As shown, an apparatus for material impact loading testing specifically comprises a support platform 1, a test platform 7, a laser velocimetry mechanism 3, and an X-ray detection component 2. The support platform 1 is equipped with a guide rail assembly 4, on which an impact component 6 is slidably mounted. The impact component 6 can slide vertically along the guide rail assembly 4, allowing it to perform free-fall motion under the constraint of the guide rail. The guide rail assembly 4 constrains the trajectory of the impact component 6, thereby preventing positional displacement when the impact component 6 impacts the test material. The test platform 7 is connected to the support platform 1 and is located below the impact component 6, allowing the impact component 6 to abut against... The test platform 7; the impact component 6 can slide vertically along the guide rail component 4 under the action of gravity and impact the test platform 7. After the test sample is installed and fixed on the test platform 7, the impact component 6 impacts the test sample located on the test platform 7; the laser velocity measuring mechanism 3 is connected to the support stage 1 and is used to measure the velocity change history of the impact component 6 at the moment of impact on the test material; the optical path 23 of the X-ray detection component 2 passes through the test platform 7, enabling the X-ray detection component 2 to continuously detect the test material. The X-ray detection component 2 is used to detect the image data of the internal microstructure changes of the test material under impact.

[0026] The impact component 6 is guided by the guide rail assembly 4, enabling it to fall vertically and impact the test material located on the test platform 7. The guide rail assembly 4 ensures the verticality of the impact component 6's movement, reduces energy loss and unexpected loads, thereby reducing human error. The laser velocimetry mechanism 3 provides a high sampling rate velocity signal through non-contact measurement, accurately capturing the velocity change process at the moment of impact. The X-ray detection assembly 2 uses X-ray in-situ detection technology to perform non-destructive testing on the test material. It utilizes the penetrating power of high-energy X-rays to observe and analyze the changes in the internal structure of the material in real time, allowing for real-time observation of the internal structure without damaging the sample.

[0027] Specifically, the test material is fixed on the top of the test platform 7. The test platform 7 is equipped with a detachable clamping component to fix the test material, which facilitates the installation or removal of the test material on the test platform 7, prevents the test material from shifting after being impacted, ensures the image accuracy of the X-ray detection component 2, and realizes non-destructive testing.

[0028] In one or more embodiments, the apparatus for material impact loading testing further includes a control unit 11 and a data analysis unit 9. The X-ray detection component 2 is electrically connected to the control unit 11, and the laser velocimetry mechanism 3 is also electrically connected to the control unit 11. The X-ray detection component 2 and the data analysis unit 9 are communicatively connected. This controls the emission of X-rays, preventing injury to personnel and ensuring the safety of testing personnel. The data analysis unit 9 comprehensively analyzes the obtained data to qualitatively evaluate the impact resistance of the material.

[0029] In an optional embodiment, the guide rail assembly 4 includes a first vertical rod 41, a second vertical rod 42, and a top plate 43. The first vertical rod 41 and the second vertical rod 42 are arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the test platform 7. The first vertical rod 41 is spaced apart from the test platform 7, and the second vertical rod 42 is also spaced apart from the test platform 7. The first vertical rod 41 and the second vertical rod 42 are slidably connected to the impact assembly 6. The first vertical rod 41 and the second vertical rod 42 are parallel. The top end of the first vertical rod 41 is connected to the top plate 43, and the bottom end of the first vertical rod 41 is connected to the support platform 1. The top end of the second vertical rod 42 is connected to the top plate 43, and the bottom end of the second vertical rod 42 is connected to the support platform 1. A lifting assembly 5 is provided on the top plate 43. The lifting assembly 5 is detachably connected to the impact assembly 6, and the lifting assembly 5 can... The impact assembly 6 is raised to a specified height, and the lifting assembly 5 is electrically connected to the control unit 11. The first vertical rod 41 and the second vertical rod 42 form a double-column precision guide rail structure to ensure the verticality and stability of the impact assembly 6 during the impact process, reduce the energy loss of the impact assembly 6, and avoid unexpected loads. The top plate 43 reinforces the first vertical rod 41 and the second vertical rod 42 to ensure structural stability. The top plate 43 is equipped with the lifting assembly 5, which is detachably connected to the impact assembly 6. The lifting assembly 5 can raise the impact assembly 6 to a specified height and is electrically connected to the control unit 11. The lifting assembly 5 can control the falling height of the impact assembly 6, enabling more precise control of the falling height of the impact assembly 6 and reducing measurement errors caused by human operation.

[0030] In an optional embodiment, the lifting assembly 5 includes a drive motor 51, a screw 52, ​​a support plate 53, and an electromagnet 54. The electromagnet 54 is connected to the support plate 53. One end of the support plate 53 is slidably connected to the first vertical rod 41, and the other end is slidably connected to the second vertical rod 42. The drive motor 51 is connected to the top plate 43 and the screw 52. The drive motor 51 can drive the screw 52 to rotate. The support plate 53 is provided with a connector that is adapted to the screw 52. The rotation of the screw 52 can drive the support plate 53 to move along the first vertical rod 41. The electromagnet 54 can attract the impact assembly 6. Iron 54 is electrically connected to control unit 11, and drive motor 51 is also electrically connected to control unit 11. When drive motor 51 rotates, it drives screw 52 to rotate. Since screw 52 and connector are threaded, when screw 52 rotates, it will drive support plate 53 to move on the first vertical rod 41. After electromagnet 54 is energized, it attracts impact component 6, so that impact component 6 can move with support plate 53, thereby adjusting the falling height of impact component 6. Control unit 11 controls drive motor 51 to rotate and controls electromagnet 54 to attract, so that operators can operate remotely and ensure personnel safety.

[0031] In an optional embodiment, the impact assembly 6 includes a support plate 62, a hammer head 61, and a counterweight 63. One end of the support plate 62 is slidably connected to the first vertical rod 41, and the other end is slidably connected to the second vertical rod 42. The support plate 62 and the hammer head 61 are detachably connected, and the counterweight 63 is detachably connected to the support plate 62. The electromagnet 54 can attract the support plate 62, and the hammer head 61 can impact the test platform 7. Specifically, the hammer head 61 can be replaced with different shapes such as hemispherical, flat-headed, and wedge-shaped, and different counterweights 63 can be connected to the support plate 62. The support plate 62 is provided with a quick-change slot, which enables quick replacement of the hammer head 61 and the counterweight 63. Users can precisely combine the required impact energy and contact conditions according to different test requirements.

[0032] In an optional embodiment, a force sensor 8 is provided on the test platform 7, and the force sensor 8 is communicatively connected to the data analysis unit 9; a miniature high-bandwidth dynamic force sensor 8 integrated on the test platform 7 is provided to synchronously collect load-time data during the impact process. In some embodiments, the start or stop of the force sensor 8 is controlled by the control unit 11, and the force sensor 8 is electrically connected to the control unit 11. Specifically, the signal of the force sensor 8 is transmitted to the data analysis unit 9 after passing through the amplifier 91.

[0033] In an optional embodiment, the laser velocimetry mechanism 3 includes a laser Doppler velocimeter 31, a reflective film 33, and a reflector 32. The reflector 32 is connected to the support platform 1, the reflective film 33 is attached to the impact assembly 6, the laser Doppler velocimeter 31 is communicatively connected to the data analysis unit 9, and the laser Doppler velocimeter 31 is electrically connected to the control unit 11. To meet the monitoring requirements of ultrafast dynamic processes, the laser velocimetry mechanism 3 uses a laser Doppler velocimeter 31, replacing the traditional contact displacement sensor. The laser Doppler velocimeter 31 provides non-contact measurement... It provides a high sampling rate velocity signal at GHz level to accurately capture the velocity change process at the moment of impact; it is connected to the data analysis unit 9 through a standard data interface. In some embodiments, the laser velocity measuring mechanism 3 is electrically connected to the control unit 11, so that the use state of the laser velocity measuring mechanism 3 is controlled; specifically, in order to measure the vertical movement velocity of the impact component 6, a reflector 32 is set on the support platform 1. The light path 23 is refracted by the reflector 32, so that the horizontally set laser Doppler velocimeter 31 can emit and receive the reflected laser, thereby realizing the measurement of the velocity of the impact component 6.

[0034] In an optional embodiment, the X-ray detection component 2 includes an X-ray generator 21 and a detector 22. The test platform 7 is located between the X-ray generator 21 and the detector 22. The X-ray detection component 2 is communicatively connected to the data analysis unit 9. The X-ray generator 21 is electrically connected to the control unit 11, and the detector 22 is communicatively connected to the data analysis unit 9. By continuously irradiating the test material with X-rays, the detector 22 obtains a view of the continuous microscopic changes of the test material after being impacted. Specifically, the detector 22 is composed of a camera 221, a refractor 222, and a scintillator 223.

[0035] Specifically, the control unit 11 is a switch control cabinet with several switches, which allows operators to control the start or stop status of the X-ray generator 21, drive motor 51, electromagnet 54, and laser Doppler velocimeter 31 respectively, and allows operators to perform maintenance or adjustment of the equipment individually; a power supply device is provided in the switch control cabinet; in some embodiments, the control unit 11 is an electronic computer with a control program.

[0036] Specifically, the data analysis unit 9 is a high-bandwidth oscilloscope with a sampling rate configurable from 10 MS / s to 10 GS / s. It can simultaneously trigger and acquire the velocity signal of the laser velocimetry mechanism 3, the signal of the force sensor 8, the beam output signal of the X-ray generator 21, and the exposure signal of the detector 22, ensuring that all data have a unified timestamp and providing a strictly synchronized multimodal data stream for subsequent analysis. The high-bandwidth oscilloscope can also be connected to a computer, and the calculation results can be directly obtained by relevant calculation programs. The computer is communicatively connected to the detector 22 to obtain a view of the continuous microscopic changes of the test material after impact. The computer has real-time waveform display, data storage, automatic calculation of stress-strain curves, anomaly warning, and data export functions, and supports time correlation analysis between mechanical response and X-ray image frames. Anomaly warnings include judging sample fracture based on sudden changes in force value.

[0037] In one or more embodiments, the support platform 1 is provided with an ambient light shield 10, the laser velocimeter 3 is connected to the ambient light shield 10, the top of the ambient light shield 10 is provided with a first through hole 101, a second through hole 102 and an opening 103 for the impact component 6 to pass through, the optical path 23 passes through the first through hole 101 and the second through hole 102, and transparent components are respectively provided in the first through hole 101 and the second through hole 102 to form a transparent window; the transparent components are transparent glass; an installation port 104 for installing the laser Doppler velocimeter 31 is provided on the ambient light shield 10; the control unit 11 can control the electromagnet 54 to attract and release, and can control the lifting device to lift and lower, the ambient light shield is detachably connected to the support platform 1, and the ambient light shield 10 covers the test platform 7 to ensure the clarity and accuracy of X-ray imaging and reduce imaging interference.

[0038] The present invention provides a device for material impact loading tests, which achieves high-quality integration of impact loading and high-energy X-ray in-situ imaging: by adopting an X-ray transparent window design and a compact optical path 23 structure, the absorption and scattering of X-rays by the metal structure is reduced, significantly improving the clarity and quality of in-situ imaging, making it possible to observe the dynamic evolution of crack initiation and propagation, phase transformation, and pore evolution of the internal microstructure of the material in real time and clearly during the impact process.

[0039] The present invention provides an apparatus for material impact loading tests, which obtains synchronous measurement data with ultra-high spatiotemporal resolution: by combining a laser Doppler velocimeter 31 with a high-speed oscilloscope, the sampling rate can reach up to 10 GS / s, realizing non-contact measurement of the impact velocity history at an ultra-high sampling rate of GHz, and can simultaneously trigger and acquire mechanical signals of force and velocity and X-ray imaging signals, ensuring strict synchronization and correlation of multi-physics data on the time axis, and providing high-precision, multi-modal experimental data for revealing the intrinsic mechanism of material dynamic response.

[0040] The present invention provides an apparatus for material impact loading tests, which improves the accuracy, efficiency and repeatability of the experiment: the double-column precision guide rail ensures the stability and perpendicularity of the impact process, reducing energy loss and experimental errors; the modular hammer head 61 and counterweight design enable the equipment to quickly and flexibly adapt to different experimental needs, greatly improving the versatility and experimental efficiency of the equipment, avoiding the time cost and operational randomness caused by replacing the whole machine or complicated modifications, and ensuring a high degree of consistency of experimental conditions and repeatability of results.

[0041] This invention provides a device for material impact loading testing, constructing a highly flexible and scalable open experimental platform: the modular architecture of this system allows functional units such as impact loading, sensor velocimetry, control acquisition, and imaging adaptation to work collaboratively or be upgraded or replaced independently; users can freely combine and configure them according to specific research purposes, such as different energy ranges, different sample types, and different imaging modes, without the need for customized special equipment, significantly reducing the threshold and cost of using high-end experimental technologies, while reserving open interfaces and space for the integration of new functions and technologies in the future.

[0042] Example 2 like Figure 15 As shown, a test method for material impact loading, using an apparatus for material impact loading testing as described in Example 1, includes the following steps: S1: Placement of test materials: The test materials are fixed on the test platform 7 and placed in the center of the test platform 7; S2: Adjust the laser velocity measuring mechanism 3: Check the measuring optical path 23 of the laser velocity measuring mechanism 3 and adjust the measuring optical path 23 to always be within the laser velocity measuring range; check the connectivity of each laser line, the connection of the sensors, and check that the trigger signal of the data analysis unit 9 is normal; adjust the position of the laser source of the laser velocity measuring mechanism 3 according to the height of the sample to be tested, and keep the deformation process of the test material always within the range of the laser velocity measuring range; S3: Install ambient light shield 10: Cover the test platform 7 with ambient light shield 10; S4: Adjust the ambient light shield 10: Adjust the ambient light shield 10 so that the test material, the first through hole 101 and the second through hole 102 are in a straight line, and the optical path 23 passes through the first through hole 101 and the second through hole 102. S5: Conduct an impact test: Set the impact loading height according to the experimental requirements, set the oscilloscope to the ready-to-trigger state, and release the impact component 6 to impact the test material. S6: Acquiring test data: The laser velocimetry mechanism 3 obtains the velocity change history of the impact component 6 impacting the test material; the X-ray detection component 2 obtains image data of the internal microstructure changes of the test material under impact. S7: Data Analysis: Perform time correlation analysis between the mechanical response of the test material and X-ray image frames.

[0043] The guide rail assembly 4 guides the impact assembly 6, enhancing its falling stability and allowing operators to accurately control the impact energy, avoiding unexpected loads. The X-ray detection assembly 2 performs non-destructive testing on the test material, preventing damage. The ambient light shield 10 isolates the influence of ambient light on X-ray imaging, ensuring more accurate measurement data. The laser velocimetry mechanism 3 obtains more accurate measurement data of the falling velocity of the impact assembly 6. All data have a unified timestamp, providing a strictly synchronized multimodal data stream for subsequent analysis. Time correlation analysis between the mechanical response of the test material and X-ray image frames can be performed, resulting in more accurate impact resistance test results for the test material.

[0044] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for material impact loading testing, characterized in that, include: A support platform (1) is provided with a guide rail assembly (4), and an impact assembly (6) is slidably disposed on the guide rail assembly (4). The impact assembly (6) can slide vertically along the guide rail assembly (4). The test platform (7) is connected to the support platform (1) and is located below the impact component (6); the impact component (6) can slide vertically along the guide rail component (4) under the action of gravity and impact the test platform (7); A laser velocity measuring mechanism (3) is connected to the support platform (1). The laser velocity measuring mechanism (3) is used to measure the velocity change process of the impact component (6) when it impacts the test material. X-ray detection component (2), the optical path (23) of the X-ray detection component (2) passes through the test platform (7), the X-ray detection component (2) is used to detect the image data of the internal microstructure changes of the test material under impact.

2. The apparatus for material impact loading testing according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a control unit (11) and a data analysis unit (9). The X-ray detection component (2) is electrically connected to the control unit (11), and the laser velocimetry mechanism (3) is electrically connected to the control unit (11). The X-ray detection component (2) is communicatively connected to the data analysis unit (9), and the laser velocimetry mechanism (3) is communicatively connected to the data analysis unit (9).

3. The apparatus for material impact loading testing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The guide rail assembly (4) includes a first vertical rod (41), a second vertical rod (42), and a top plate (43). The first vertical rod (41) and the second vertical rod (42) are arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the test platform (7). The first vertical rod (41) is spaced apart from the test platform (7), and the second vertical rod (42) is spaced apart from the test platform (7). The first vertical rod (41) is slidably connected to the impact assembly (6), and the second vertical rod (42) is slidably connected to the impact assembly (6). The first vertical rod (41) and the second vertical rod (42) are parallel to each other. The top end of the first vertical rod (41) is connected to the top plate (43), and the bottom end of the first vertical rod (41) is connected to the support platform (1). The top end of the second vertical rod (42) is connected to the top plate (43), and the bottom end of the second vertical rod (42) is connected to the support platform (1). The top plate (43) is provided with a lifting assembly (5). The lifting assembly (5) is detachably connected to the impact assembly (6). The lifting assembly (5) can lift the impact assembly (6) to a specified height. The lifting assembly (5) is electrically connected to the control unit (11).

4. The apparatus for material impact loading testing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lifting assembly (5) includes a drive motor (51), a screw (52), a support plate (53), and an electromagnet (54). The electromagnet (54) is connected to the support plate (53). One end of the support plate (53) is slidably connected to the first vertical rod (41), and the other end is slidably connected to the second vertical rod (42). The drive motor (51) is connected to the top plate (43). The drive motor (51) is connected to the screw (52). The drive motor (51) can drive the screw (52) to rotate. The support plate (53) is provided with a connector. The connector is adapted to the screw (52). The rotation of the screw (52) can drive the support plate (53) to move along the first vertical rod (41). The electromagnet (54) can attract the impact assembly (6). The electromagnet (54) is electrically connected to the control unit (11). The drive motor (51) is electrically connected to the control unit (11).

5. The apparatus for material impact loading testing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The impact assembly (6) includes a support plate (62), a hammer (61), and a counterweight (63). One end of the support plate (62) is slidably connected to the first vertical rod (41), and the other end is slidably connected to the second vertical rod (42). The support plate (62) is detachably connected to the hammer (61), and the counterweight (63) is detachably connected to the support plate (62). The electromagnet (54) can attract the support plate (62), and the hammer (61) can impact the test platform (7).

6. The apparatus for material impact loading testing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The test platform (7) is equipped with a force sensor (8), which is communicatively connected to the data analysis unit (9).

7. The apparatus for material impact loading testing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The laser velocimetry mechanism (3) includes a laser Doppler velocimeter (31), a reflective film (33) and a reflector (32). The reflector (32) is connected to the support platform (1), the reflective film (33) is attached to the impact component (6), the laser Doppler velocimeter (31) is communicatively connected to the data analysis unit (9), and the laser Doppler velocimeter (31) is electrically connected to the control unit (11).

8. The apparatus for material impact loading testing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The X-ray detection component (2) includes an X-ray generator (21) and a detector (22). The test platform (7) is located between the X-ray generator (21) and the detector (22). The X-ray detection component (2) is communicatively connected to the data analysis unit (9). The X-ray generator (21) is electrically connected to the control unit (11).

9. An apparatus for material impact loading testing according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The support platform (1) is provided with an ambient light shield (10). The laser velocity measuring mechanism (3) is connected to the ambient light shield (10). The top of the ambient light shield (10) is provided with a first through hole (101), a second through hole (102) and an opening (103) for the impact component (6) to pass through. The optical path (23) passes through the first through hole (101) and the optical path (23) passes through the second through hole (102). Transparent components are respectively provided in the first through hole (101) and the second through hole (102).

10. A test method for impact loading of materials, characterized in that, Using the apparatus for material impact loading testing as described in claim 9, Includes the following steps: S1: Place the test material: The test material is fixed on the test platform (7); S2: Adjust the laser velocity measuring mechanism (3): Detect the measuring optical path (23) of the laser velocity measuring mechanism (3) and adjust the measuring optical path (23) to always be within the laser velocity measuring range; S3: Install ambient light shield (10): Cover the test platform (7) with ambient light shield (10); S4: Adjust the ambient light shield (10): Adjust the ambient light shield (10) so that the test material, the first through hole (101) and the second through hole (102) are aligned, and the light path (23) passes through the first through hole (101) and the second through hole (102). S5: Conduct an impact test: Set the impact loading height and release the impact component (6) to impact the test material; S6: Acquire test data: The laser velocimetry mechanism (3) obtains the velocity change history of the impact component (6) impacting the test material at the instant; the X-ray detection component (2) obtains the image data of the internal microstructure changes of the test material under impact. S7: Data Analysis: Perform time correlation analysis between the mechanical response of the test material and X-ray image frames.

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