Method for determining thickness of covering layer below power grid facility based on seismic surface wave exploration
By using seismic surface wave exploration methods and combining active and passive source data, Rayleigh surface wave dispersion energy maps and HVSR curves were calculated, solving the instability problem in measuring the thickness of the overburden layer beneath power grid facilities and achieving accurate determination of the overburden layer thickness.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511424139.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies struggle to effectively distinguish and eliminate the effects of volume waves, different modes of surface waves, and noise when measuring the thickness of the overlay layer beneath power grid facilities, leading to unstable and inaccurate measurements.
Using a seismic surface wave exploration method, the Rayleigh surface wave dispersion energy map was calculated by active source multichannel seismic records, and the HVSR curve was measured by combining passive source single-channel observation data to determine the shear wave velocity and thickness of the overburden.
It enables stable and efficient determination of overburden thickness, improves the accuracy and reliability of measurements, and is suitable for safety assessment of power grid facilities under complex geological conditions.
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Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power grid, and particularly relates to a method for determining the thickness of covering layer under power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration. BACKGROUND
[0002] Power grid is an important energy supply infrastructure, and is the main artery and foundation of national energy system, and plays an important role in the national energy comprehensive utilization system. However, heavy power grid equipment represented by large transformers and electric towers may cause foundation settlement and displacement to cause damage to the equipment under complex geological conditions. Studies have shown that different types of power grid foundation disasters are closely related to the mechanical properties of rocks and soils at different depths in the foundation. Obtaining the thickness of the covering layer and the gravel belt of the power grid construction site with high resolution is a key to preventing and identifying geological disasters.
[0003] A large number of seismological studies have been carried out for the detection of the thickness of the covering layer. For example, the frequency spectrum ratio of the horizontal component and the vertical component of the ground microtremor signal collected by a single three-component seismograph is used to study the underground structure, which is called the single horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method. Studies have shown that there is a peak value in the HVSR curve in the low frequency range of 0.1-10 Hz. It is generally believed that the peak frequency of HVSR reflects the base-order resonance frequency of the covering layer transverse wave, and the peak value reflects the amplification factor of the resonance frequency, which is related to the property difference between the covering layer and the bedrock. Specifically, the transverse wave incident near vertically to the ground surface and the multiple reflected transverse wave inside the covering layer will interfere at the ground surface. When the period of the transverse wave is equal to the travel time of the multiple reflected wave, coherent enhancement will occur at the ground surface, causing a significant increase in the amplitude of the horizontal component. At the same time, due to the difference in the base-order resonance frequency between the transverse wave and the longitudinal wave mainly recorded in the vertical component, the HVSR also appears a peak value at the base-order resonance frequency of the transverse wave. The greater the wave impedance difference between the covering layer and the bedrock, the stronger the energy of the multiple reflected transverse wave, and the greater the peak value of the HVSR. Therefore, by obtaining the peak frequency of the HVSR and the transverse wave velocity of the covering layer, the thickness of the covering layer can be determined.
[0004] Further, in order to obtain the S-wave velocity of the overburden, high-frequency surface wave exploration has become one of the most reliable methods. In the prior art, a spectrum analysis of surface waves (SASW) method is proposed when testing the thickness and elastic modulus of a highway, and a Rayleigh surface wave is measured by exciting a pulse signal of different frequencies to measure the phase velocity dispersion curve of the Rayleigh surface wave propagating between two detectors. However, the SASW method can hardly distinguish and eliminate the influence of body waves, different mode surface waves and noise by using only two signals. The multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method developed in the 1990s makes up for the shortcomings of the SASW method, and the reliable phase velocity dispersion of different modes of surface waves can be extracted by calculating the surface wave dispersion energy diagram based on multi-channel seismic records. Since the phase velocity dispersion of surface waves of different frequencies is very sensitive to the S-wave velocity at different depths, the S-wave velocity at different depths can be determined based on the inversion of the surface wave dispersion or the empirical formula. SUMMARY
[0005] The present application provides a method for determining the thickness of the overburden under the power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration, so as to realize the stable and efficient determination of the thickness of the underground overburden.
[0006] According to a first aspect, a method for determining the thickness of the overburden under the power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration is provided in an embodiment, and the method comprises: Collecting original three-component continuous waveform data and dividing them into two categories of active sources and passive sources; Calculating the Rayleigh surface wave dispersion energy diagram based on the multi-channel seismic records of the active sources, picking up the dispersion curve of the fundamental order Rayleigh surface wave from the Rayleigh surface wave dispersion energy diagram and determining the phase velocity corresponding to the high-frequency asymptote, and estimating the S-wave velocity of the overburden according to the obtained phase velocity; Measuring the HVSR curve of each channel at the location where the channel is located with respect to the frequency based on the single-channel observation data of the passive sources, and determining the peak frequency of the HVSR curve; Based on the peak frequency of the HVSR curve and the S-wave velocity of the overburden, the thickness of the overburden under each channel is determined.
[0007] Further, the original three-component continuous waveform data are collected and divided into two categories of active sources and passive sources, and specifically include: A multi-channel three-component node-type seismometer is arranged in the target area according to a preset channel spacing, and sampling is performed within a preset observation time.
[0008] Further, the original three-component continuous waveform data are collected and divided into two categories of active sources and passive sources, and specifically include: The seismic wave signal generated by artificial hammering on the ground is an active source seismic record, and the rest of the unintentionally generated vibration signal is passive source observation data.
[0009] Further, the Rayleigh wave dispersion energy diagram is calculated based on the active source multi-channel seismic record, the dispersion curve of the fundamental order Rayleigh wave is picked up from the Rayleigh wave dispersion energy diagram, and the phase velocity corresponding to the high frequency asymptote is determined, specifically including: Based on exciting multiple sources at the same position, the multi-channel seismic record of the vertical component of each shot is processed by using the phase shift method, which is converted from the multi-channel seismic record in the time-distance domain to the Rayleigh wave dispersion energy diagram in the frequency-velocity domain; The dispersion energy diagram calculated based on the seismic record of each shot is stacked to reduce the influence of interference signals on the dispersion energy diagram; Finally, the dispersion curve of the fundamental order Rayleigh wave is picked up from the stacked dispersion energy diagram, and the phase velocity corresponding to the high frequency asymptote is determined.
[0010] Further, the shear wave velocity of the overburden layer is estimated according to the obtained phase velocity, specifically including: ; Wherein, is the obtained phase velocity; is the shear wave velocity of the overburden layer.
[0011] Further, the HVSR curve of each channel is measured based on the passive source single-channel observation data, and the peak frequency of the HVSR curve is determined, specifically including: The measurement formula of single station HVSR is represented as: ; Wherein, represents the measurement result of single station HVSR at each frequency; 、 and represent the amplitude spectrum of the north-south component, the west-east component and the vertical component observation data respectively; The lowest frequency of HVSR greater than the preset threshold value and the maximum value of HVSR is defined as the peak frequency f0.
[0012] Further, based on the peak frequency of the HVSR curve and the shear wave velocity of the overburden layer, the thickness of the overburden layer under each channel is determined, specifically including: ; Wherein, is the shear wave velocity of the overburden layer, is the peak frequency of the HVSR curve, is the thickness of the overburden layer.
[0013] According to a second aspect, in an embodiment, there is provided a system for determining the thickness of the overburden layer under the power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration, the system comprising: a data acquisition and division module configured to acquire original three-component continuous waveform data and divide the data into two categories of active source and passive source; a shear wave velocity determination module configured to calculate Rayleigh wave dispersion energy map based on the multi-channel seismic record of the active source, pick the dispersion curve of the fundamental Rayleigh wave from the Rayleigh wave dispersion energy map and determine the phase velocity corresponding to the high-frequency asymptote of the dispersion curve, and estimate the shear wave velocity of the overburden layer according to the obtained phase velocity; a peak frequency determination module configured to measure the HVSR curve of each channel with respect to the frequency based on the single-channel observation data of the passive source, and determine the peak frequency of the HVSR curve; an overburden layer thickness determination module configured to determine the thickness of the overburden layer under each channel based on the peak frequency of the HVSR curve and the shear wave velocity of the overburden layer.
[0014] According to a third aspect, in an embodiment, there is provided an electronic device, the device comprising: a processor and a memory; the memory is configured to store one or more program instructions; the processor is configured to run the one or more program instructions to perform the steps of the method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer under the power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration according to any one of the above aspects.
[0015] According to a fourth aspect, in an embodiment, there is provided a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, the computer program being executable by a processor to implement the steps of the method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer under the power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration according to any one of the above aspects.
[0016] The present application provides a method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer under the power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration, original three-component continuous waveform data is acquired and divided into two categories of active source and passive source; the Rayleigh wave dispersion energy map is calculated based on the multi-channel seismic record of the active source, the dispersion curve of the fundamental Rayleigh wave is picked from the Rayleigh wave dispersion energy map and the phase velocity corresponding to the high-frequency asymptote of the dispersion curve is determined, and the shear wave velocity of the overburden layer is estimated according to the obtained phase velocity; the HVSR curve of each channel with respect to the frequency is measured based on the single-channel observation data of the passive source, and the peak frequency of the HVSR curve is determined; and the thickness of the overburden layer under each channel is determined based on the peak frequency of the HVSR curve and the shear wave velocity of the overburden layer. The method proposed in the present application does not involve inversion calculation, and has the characteristics of stability and efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1A flowchart illustrating a method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer beneath power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration, as provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating the specific implementation of a method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer beneath power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration, as provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A linear seismic arrangement for the site selection of high-voltage power stations and high-voltage towers in a county is provided in an embodiment of the present invention for a method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer under power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration. Figure 4 The vertical component continuous waveform data recorded by a seismograph deployed at the site selection of a high-voltage power station is provided in an embodiment of the present invention for a method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer under power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration. Figure 5 This invention provides a method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer beneath power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration, which includes a surface wave dispersion energy map calculated from acquired vertical component active source seismic records. Figure 6 The horizontal-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) curve of a single unit, measured based on passive source observation data, is provided in a method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer under power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration, as an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 Normalized HVSR is provided in a method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer beneath power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration, as an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. Similar elements in different embodiments are referred to by associated similar element reference numerals. In the following embodiments, many details are described to facilitate a better understanding of the invention. However, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that some features may be omitted in different situations, or may be replaced by other elements, materials, or methods. In some cases, certain operations related to the present invention are not shown or described in the specification. This is to avoid obscuring the core parts of the invention with excessive description. For those skilled in the art, detailed description of these related operations is not necessary; they can fully understand the related operations based on the description in the specification and general technical knowledge in the art.
[0019] Furthermore, the features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification can be combined in any suitable manner to form various embodiments. At the same time, the steps or actions in the method description can be rearranged or adjusted in a manner obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the various orders in the specification and drawings are only for the clear description of a particular embodiment and do not imply a necessary order, unless otherwise stated that a particular order must be followed.
[0020] The safe operation of power grid facilities is highly dependent on the stability of the geological structure. Under complex geological conditions, such as fractured rock masses and loose overburden, foundation instability is highly likely to occur, leading to equipment damage and power outages. Therefore, this invention proposes a convenient method for determining the thickness of underground overburden layers by combining active and passive source seismic data. Specifically, surface wave dispersion curves are obtained from active source multichannel seismic records, and the shear wave velocity of the overburden layer is estimated based on its high-frequency asymptotes. Simultaneously, the water quality-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) at the location of each seismograph (sewolfactory) is measured based on passive source seismic data. Finally, the thickness of the underground overburden layer is determined by combining the peak frequency of the HVSR with the shear wave velocity of the overburden layer.
[0021] The first embodiment of this invention provides a method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer beneath power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration. The following is in conjunction with... Figure 1 and Figure 2 Please provide a detailed explanation.
[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, in step S100, the original three-component continuous waveform data is acquired and divided into two categories: active source and passive source.
[0023] The above steps specifically include: In this embodiment, multiple three-component nodal seismographs are deployed in the target area according to a preset channel spacing, and sampling is performed within a preset observation time.
[0024] The original three-component continuous waveform data are divided into two categories according to active and passive sources. Among them, the seismic wave signals generated by artificially hammering the ground are active source seismic records, while the other unintentionally generated vibration signals are passive source observation data.
[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, in step S200, the Rayleigh surface wave dispersion energy map is calculated based on the active source multichannel seismic record. The dispersion curve of the basic order Rayleigh surface wave is picked from the Rayleigh surface wave dispersion energy map and the phase velocity corresponding to its high-frequency asymptote is determined. The shear wave velocity of the overburden layer is estimated based on the obtained phase velocity.
[0026] The above steps specifically include: S210, based on multiple seismic sources excited at the same location, uses the phase shift method to process the vertical component of each shot's multichannel seismic record, converting it from a time-range domain multichannel seismic record into a Rayleigh surface wave dispersion energy map in the frequency-velocity domain. S220, the dispersion energy map calculated based on the seismic record of each shot is superimposed to reduce the influence of interference signals on the dispersion energy map; S230, finally, the dispersion curve of the fundamental Rayleigh surface wave is picked from the superimposed dispersion energy map and the phase velocity corresponding to its high-frequency asymptote is determined.
[0027] Specifically, in actual seismic exploration, multiple sources are typically excited at the same location. First, the phase-shifting method is used to process the multichannel seismic records of the vertical component of each shot, converting them from time-range domain multichannel seismic records into a Rayleigh surface wave dispersion energy map in the frequency-velocity domain. In complex geological conditions where power grid facilities are located (e.g., loose overburden), the strong energy attenuation of seismic waves during propagation leads to a decrease in the quality of seismic record data. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the active source seismic records, this embodiment superimposes the dispersion energy maps calculated from the seismic records of each shot to reduce the impact of interference signals such as human or vehicle noise, seismograph self-noise, etc., on the dispersion energy maps. Finally, the dispersion curve of the fundamental Rayleigh surface wave is manually extracted from the superimposed dispersion energy map, and the phase velocity corresponding to its high-frequency asymptote is determined. This phase velocity can be used to estimate the shear wave velocity of the overburden:
[0028] in, This represents the phase velocity corresponding to the high-frequency asymptote. The shear wave velocity of the overlying layer.
[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, in step S300, the HVSR curve of each channel location as a function of frequency is measured based on the passive source single-channel observation data, and the peak frequency of the HVSR curve is determined.
[0030] Specifically, the earliest internationally standardized measurement method for a single HVSR originated from the European SESAME (Site Effects Assessment Using Ambient Excitations) project. Its main procedures include time-domain segmentation, Fourier transform, amplitude spectrum smoothing, horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) calculation, and stacking averaging (Acerra et al., 2004). When segmenting in the time domain, spectral resolution and statistical stability should be considered when selecting the segment length. The SESAME guidelines recommend that the segment length should be greater than 10 times the shear wave fundamental resonant frequency of the overburden, i.e., the site's fundamental resonant frequency.
[0031] The measurement formula for a single HVSR can be expressed as:
[0032] in, Measurement results for a single HVSR at each frequency; , and The amplitude spectra represent the observation data of the north-south component, the west-east component, and the vertical component, respectively.
[0033] Furthermore, the peak frequency f0 of the HVSR refers to the frequency corresponding to the first peak appearing on the HVSR curve from low to high frequency. In this embodiment, the lowest frequency where the HVSR is greater than 3 and the HVSR is at its maximum value is defined as the peak frequency f0. Numerous studies have shown that the peak frequency f0 of a single HVSR and the fundamental resonant frequency of the shear wave in the overburden layer are also the fundamental resonant frequency of the site, exhibiting a good correspondence.
[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, in step S400, the thickness of the cover layer below each channel is determined based on the peak frequency of the obtained HVSR curve and the shear wave velocity of the cover layer.
[0035] Specifically, in the shear wave velocity of the overburden layer Given the peak frequency f0 of the HVSR, i.e., the transverse wave resonant frequency of the capping layer, the thickness of the capping layer can be determined based on empirical formulas:
[0036] in, and The units are m / s and Hz, respectively; The thickness of the covering layer is expressed in meters (m).
[0037] Application example: This embodiment takes the site selection of a high-voltage power station and high-voltage power grid in a certain county as an example. Figure 3 ),in Figure 3 (a) is a high-voltage power station. Figure 3 (b) Linear seismic array for high-voltage power tower site selection. 34 three-component nodal seismographs were deployed at each test site, with a channel spacing of 1.5 m. The minimum offset during the active source seismic wave excitation test was 8 m. The observation time at both test sites was 30 minutes, with a sampling rate of 1000 Hz.
[0038] Figure 4This represents a portion of the raw data recorded by 34 seismographs at the site of the high-voltage power station. High signal-to-noise ratio active source multichannel seismic records can be observed. As described in the Methods and Techniques section, the raw data is divided into two categories: active source data and passive source data. The red rectangle contains active source multichannel seismic records generated by artificial hammering of the ground, while the rest is passive source observation data.
[0039] Figure 5 The graphs show the Rayleigh surface wave dispersion energy at two test sites, calculated based on active source multichannel seismic records. The solid black line represents the dispersion curve of the manually picked fundamental-mode Rayleigh surface wave, from which the clear fundamental-mode surface wave energy can be observed. The high-frequency asymptote of the dispersion curve is ~200 m / s at both test sites. According to formula (1), the shear wave velocity of the overburden layer... It is ~220 m / s.
[0040] Figure 6 The results show the HVSR measurements taken at two different test sites. A significant HVSR peak is visible, indicating a large amplification factor for the shear wave resonance frequency of the overburden. Essentially, this is due to significant interference between the incident shear wave and the multiple reflected shear waves propagating in the overburden, suggesting a clear wave impedance interface between the bedrock and the overburden.
[0041] Figure 7 The figures show the HVSR profiles of the two test sites, where the black dashed line represents the overburden thickness determined based on empirical formulas. It can be seen that the peak HVSR frequency of the high-voltage power station site is 5-6 Hz, while the peak HVSR frequency of the high-voltage tower site is concentrated in the 7-10 Hz range. This indicates that the former may have a thicker overburden layer than the latter. Calculations using empirical formula (3) show that the high-voltage power station site has a stable bedrock interface with an overburden thickness of ~12 m; while the overburden thickness of the high-voltage tower site is concentrated in the 5-7 m range, and may vary horizontally.
[0042] Corresponding to the aforementioned method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer beneath power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration, this invention also discloses a system for determining the thickness of the overburden layer beneath power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration, which specifically includes: The data acquisition and segmentation module is used to acquire raw three-component continuous waveform data and divide it into two categories: active source and passive source. The shear wave velocity determination module is used to calculate the Rayleigh surface wave dispersion energy map based on active source multichannel seismic records, pick out the dispersion curve of the basic order Rayleigh surface wave from the Rayleigh surface wave dispersion energy map and determine the phase velocity corresponding to its high-frequency asymptote, and estimate the shear wave velocity of the overburden layer based on the obtained phase velocity. The peak frequency determination module is used to measure the HVSR curve of each channel location as a function of frequency based on passive source single-channel observation data, and to determine the peak frequency of the HVSR curve. The overcoat thickness determination module is used to determine the overcoat thickness below each channel based on the peak frequency of the obtained HVSR curve and the shear wave velocity of the overcoat.
[0043] It should be noted that for a detailed description of the system for determining the thickness of the overburden layer under power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration provided in the embodiments of the present invention, please refer to the relevant description of the method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer under power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration provided in the embodiments of the present invention, which will not be repeated here.
[0044] In addition, embodiments of the present invention also provide an electronic device, the device comprising: a processor and a memory; the memory being used to store one or more program instructions; the processor being used to execute one or more program instructions to perform the steps of a method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer beneath power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration as described in any of the preceding embodiments.
[0045] It should be noted that for a detailed description of an electronic device provided in the embodiments of the present invention, please refer to the relevant description of a method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer under power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration provided in the embodiments of this application, which will not be repeated here.
[0046] In addition, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer beneath power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration as described in any of the preceding claims.
[0047] It should be noted that for a detailed description of a computer-readable storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present invention, please refer to the relevant description of a method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer under power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration provided in the embodiments of this application, which will not be repeated here.
[0048] The above examples illustrate the present invention only to aid in understanding it and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various simple deductions, modifications, or substitutions based on the principles of this invention.
Claims
1. A method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer beneath power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration, characterized in that, The method includes: Raw three-component continuous waveform data were collected and classified into two categories: active source and passive source. Rayleigh surface wave dispersion energy map is calculated based on active source multichannel seismic records. The dispersion curve of the basic order Rayleigh surface wave is picked from the Rayleigh surface wave dispersion energy map and the phase velocity corresponding to its high-frequency asymptote is determined. The shear wave velocity of the overburden layer is estimated based on the obtained phase velocity. Based on passive source single-channel observation data, the HVSR curve of each channel location as a function of frequency is measured, and the peak frequency of the HVSR curve is determined. Based on the peak frequency of the obtained HVSR curve and the shear wave velocity of the cover layer, the thickness of the cover layer below each channel is determined.
2. The method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer beneath power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Raw three-component continuous waveform data is acquired and categorized into two types: active source and passive source. Specifically, this includes: Multiple three-component nodal seismographs are deployed in the target area according to the preset channel spacing, and sampling is carried out within the preset observation time.
3. The method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer beneath power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Raw three-component continuous waveform data is acquired and categorized into two types: active source and passive source. Specifically, this includes: Seismic wave signals generated by artificially hammering the ground are active source seismic records, while other unintentionally generated vibration signals are passive source observation data.
4. The method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer beneath power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on active source multichannel seismic records, Rayleigh surface wave dispersion energy maps were calculated. The dispersion curves of the fundamental order Rayleigh surface waves were extracted from these maps, and the phase velocities corresponding to their high-frequency asymptotes were determined. Specifically, this included: Based on multiple seismic sources excited at the same location, the phase shift method is used to process the vertical component of each shot's multichannel seismic record, converting it from a multichannel seismic record in the time-range domain into a Rayleigh surface wave dispersion energy map in the frequency-velocity domain. The dispersion energy map calculated based on the seismic record of each shot is superimposed to reduce the influence of interference signals on the dispersion energy map; Finally, the dispersion curve of the fundamental Rayleigh surface wave is extracted from the superimposed dispersion energy map, and the phase velocity corresponding to its high-frequency asymptote is determined.
5. The method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer beneath power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The shear wave velocity of the overlying layer is estimated based on the obtained phase velocity, specifically including: ； in, The obtained phase velocity; The shear wave velocity of the overlying layer.
6. The method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer beneath power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on passive source single-channel observation data, the HVSR curve of each channel location as a function of frequency is measured, and the peak frequency of the HVSR curve is determined, specifically including: The measurement formula for a single HVSR is expressed as: ； in, Measurement results for a single HVSR at each frequency; , and The amplitude spectra represent the observation data of the north-south component, the west-east component, and the vertical component, respectively. The lowest frequency at which HVSR is greater than a preset threshold and is at its maximum value is defined as the peak frequency f0.
7. The method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer beneath power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the peak frequency of the obtained HVSR curve and the shear wave velocity of the overburden layer, the thickness of the overburden layer below each channel is determined, specifically including: ； in, The shear wave velocity of the overlying layer, The peak frequency of the HVSR curve is... This refers to the thickness of the covering layer.
8. A system for determining the thickness of the overburden layer beneath power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration, characterized in that, The system includes: The data acquisition and segmentation module is used to acquire raw three-component continuous waveform data and divide it into two categories: active source and passive source. The shear wave velocity determination module is used to calculate the Rayleigh surface wave dispersion energy map based on active source multichannel seismic records, pick out the dispersion curve of the basic order Rayleigh surface wave from the Rayleigh surface wave dispersion energy map and determine the phase velocity corresponding to its high-frequency asymptote, and estimate the shear wave velocity of the overburden layer based on the obtained phase velocity. The peak frequency determination module is used to measure the HVSR curve of each channel location as a function of frequency based on passive source single-channel observation data, and to determine the peak frequency of the HVSR curve. The overcoat thickness determination module is used to determine the overcoat thickness below each channel based on the peak frequency of the obtained HVSR curve and the shear wave velocity of the overcoat.
9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The device includes: a processor and a memory; The memory is used to store one or more program instructions; The processor is configured to run one or more program instructions to perform the steps of a method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer beneath power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a method for determining the thickness of the overburden layer beneath power grid facilities based on seismic surface wave exploration as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.