Efficient laying device and method for optical cable communication pipeline

Abstract

The invention relates to an efficient laying device and method for an optical cable communication pipeline, and belongs to the technical field of optical cable communication pipeline laying. An ejection mechanism comprising a supporting part, a gear transmission part, a limiting part, a horizontal sliding part, a spring force storage part and an ejection part is arranged on a device main body; when one side of the ejection part is in contact with the limiting part, the ejection part stops continuously moving forwards under the limitation of the limiting part, so that the spring force storage part is further compressed and accumulates elastic potential energy when the ejection part stops, and then the limiting part is jacked up, tilted and separated from the ejection part under the action of continuous movement of the horizontal sliding part so as to release locking; therefore, the ejection part ejects and outputs short-time and high-peak axial pulse propulsive force along the laying direction under the action of elastic potential energy instantaneously released by the spring force storage part; the problems that in a narrow multi-bend channel, pipeline laying starting resistance is large, clamping stagnation is likely to happen, energy consumption is high due to continuous high-power pushing, and pipeline end deformation or path deviation is likely to happen are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of optical fiber communication duct laying technology, specifically relating to an efficient laying device and method for optical fiber communication ducts. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the laying of optical fiber communication ducts typically relies on traditional construction methods such as traction or pipe jacking. The traction method uses a traction machine to pull the duct or optical cable from one end to the other, requiring multiple working wells along the route and continuous tension applied inside or outside the duct. The pipe jacking method uses hydraulic jacking equipment to push the duct section by section into the soil, requiring coordination between the jacking force at the rear end and the excavation at the front end. In addition, some mechanized laying devices use continuous propulsion or winding release principles, providing power through electric motors or hydraulic systems to extend the duct along a predetermined path. These methods have formed relatively mature operating modes under general geological conditions and open construction environments, becoming the mainstream technical means in the field of optical fiber duct laying.

[0003] However, existing methods for laying optical fiber communication ducts typically involve traction or jacking. In narrow, winding, or underground obstacle-prone passages, these methods are severely limited by space constraints, leading to decreased force transmission efficiency, increased frictional resistance between the duct and the passage wall, and a high risk of jamming or even construction interruption. While jacking / pipe-jacking methods can provide significant thrust, they usually rely on continuous external power input, resulting in larger equipment size and system complexity, making them unsuitable for small-diameter, long-distance, or rapid on-site deployment. Furthermore, many mechanized continuous propulsion devices advance using continuous constant force or constant speed, requiring direct overcoming of significant static frictional resistance during the initial duct entry phase. These devices are also prone to momentary jamming at bends, narrow sections, or points of sudden resistance change. Maintaining propulsion often necessitates increased continuous drive power, leading to increased energy consumption and potential deformation or path deviation due to concentrated force at the duct ends caused by continuous jacking, affecting laying accuracy and continuity. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an optical fiber communication duct laying device and method that can reliably start in limited spaces, provide a large instantaneous axial thrust with controllable output under conditions of sudden resistance change, and simultaneously reduce the side effects of continuous constant force jacking. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, this invention provides an efficient laying device and method for optical cable communication ducts, solving the problems of high starting resistance, easy jamming, and high energy consumption caused by continuous high-power jacking in narrow and winding channels, which can easily lead to deformation of the duct ends or path deviation in the prior art.

[0005] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A high-efficiency laying device for optical fiber communication ducts includes a device body and a catapult mechanism mounted on the device body; The ejection mechanism includes a support part, a gear transmission part, a limiting part, a horizontal sliding part, a spring storage part, and an ejection part, all mounted on the main body of the device. The gear transmission part and the limiting part are respectively mounted on both sides of the support part. The horizontal sliding part is slidably mounted on the support part, and the ejection part is slidably mounted on the horizontal sliding part. The spring storage part is mounted on the horizontal sliding part and is located on one side of the ejection part. The limiting part is movably connected to one end of the ejection part. The gear transmission part drives the horizontal sliding part to slide. The horizontal sliding part drives the ejection part and the spring storage part to move synchronously and lifts the limiting part. One side of the ejection part contacts the limiting part. The ejection part stops moving under the restriction of the limiting part. The spring storage part accumulates elastic potential energy when the ejection part stops moving. The limiting part tilts up and separates from the ejection part under the movement of the horizontal sliding part. The ejection part is ejected under the elastic potential energy released by the spring storage part.

[0006] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the limiting part includes a support rod and a limiting rod, the support rod is disposed on the support part, and one end of the limiting rod is hinged to the support rod.

[0007] As a further embodiment of the present invention, a first protrusion is provided on the horizontal sliding part at one end of the spring storage part, a second protrusion is provided on the ejection part at the other end of the spring storage part, a third protrusion is provided on the limiting rod near the ejection part, and the end of the limiting rod away from the support rod is a bevel structure. The third protrusion and the bevel structure at the end of the limiting rod cooperate with the first protrusion and the second protrusion.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the gear transmission unit includes a rack and a gear. The rack is disposed on one side of the horizontal sliding part, and the gear is disposed on the support part. The rack and the gear mesh with each other, and the gear is externally connected to a forward and reverse rotating motor.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the first protrusion is a first right-angled trapezoidal protrusion, and the top surface of the first right-angled trapezoidal protrusion and the top surface of the limiting rod are located on the same plane.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the second protrusion includes a first right-angled triangular protrusion and a second right-angled trapezoidal protrusion, wherein one right-angled side of the first right-angled triangular protrusion coincides with the top side of the second right-angled trapezoidal protrusion, and the angle between the other right-angled side of the first right-angled triangular protrusion and the hypotenuse of the second right-angled trapezoidal protrusion is an obtuse angle.

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the third protrusion is a second right-angled triangle protrusion, one right-angled side of the second right-angled triangle protrusion is parallel to the limiting rod, and the other right-angled side of the second right-angled triangle protrusion is disposed on one side of the end inclined structure near the limiting rod.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention, the height of the first right-angled trapezoidal protrusion is equal to the thickness of the limiting rod.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the heights of the first right-angled triangular protrusion, the second right-angled triangular protrusion, and the second right-angled trapezoidal protrusion are equal.

[0014] An efficient method for laying optical fiber communication ducts includes the following steps: S1: Construction layout and centering positioning: At the entrance of the laying channel, the main body of the device is arranged coaxially with the end of the optical cable communication pipe to be laid, so that the ejector is set in the direction of pipe laying and the limiting part is in the initial state of limiting and locking the ejector. According to the distribution of straight or curved sections of the laying channel and the expected frictional resistance, the drive stroke or drive time parameters of the forward and reverse motors are preset. S2: Gear-driven energy storage starts the forward and reverse motor to rotate in the forward direction, driving the gear and rack to mesh and transmit, causing the horizontal sliding part to slide along the support part. The horizontal sliding part drives the ejector part and the spring storage part to move synchronously and lift the limiting part. When the ejector part contacts the limiting part and stops moving under the restriction of the limiting part, the spring storage part continues to be compressed to accumulate elastic potential energy. S3: Segmented energy matching adjustment. The energy storage is controlled in segments according to the working parameters of the laying section. In the straight section of the channel, a smaller spring pre-compression amount and a higher number of ejection frequencies are used to achieve continuous propulsion with low energy consumption. In the curved section, narrow section or section with increased resistance, a larger spring pre-compression amount and a lower number of ejection frequencies are used to increase the energy of a single ejection pulse, thereby overcoming static friction and reducing the risk of pipe head deformation or path deviation caused by continuous constant force jacking. S4: Limit release triggers ejection propulsion. Under the continued sliding action of the horizontal sliding part, the limit part tilts up and separates from the ejection part under the movement of the horizontal sliding part, so that the ejection part is ejected along the laying direction under the action of the elastic potential energy released by the spring storage part, and applies axial pulse propulsion force to the optical cable communication pipeline, so that the pipeline advances a predetermined distance in the channel. S5: Reverse reset and cyclic laying. Drive the forward and reverse motor to rotate in the opposite direction, so that the gear transmission part drives the horizontal sliding part to return to its original position. During the return process, the ejector part re-enters the restricted locking state under the action of the limiting part and completes the reset with the spring storage part. At the same time, the device body is adjusted according to the displacement after the pipeline is pushed forward. Repeat S2 to S4 until the optical cable communication pipeline of the set length is laid.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention utilizes a launch mechanism comprising a support section, a gear transmission section, a limiting section, a horizontal sliding section, a spring storage section, and a launch section, mounted on the main body of the device. This mechanism converts external drive input into controllable linear motion of the horizontal sliding section. As the horizontal sliding section slides under the drive of the gear transmission section, it synchronously moves the launch section and the spring storage section, lifting the limiting section. When one side of the launch section contacts the limiting section, it stops moving forward under the constraint of the limiting section. This causes the spring storage section to be further compressed and accumulate elastic potential energy while the launch section is stopped. Subsequently, the spring storage section is lowered by the continued movement of the horizontal sliding section. The positioning part is lifted and rotated, separating from the ejector part and releasing the lock. This allows the ejector part to output a short-term peak value of axial pulse propulsion force along the laying direction under the action of the elastic potential energy released instantaneously by the spring storage part. This effectively overcomes static friction and jamming resistance and pushes the pipeline forward when the pipeline initially enters or when the resistance changes abruptly. At the same time, since the propulsion force is output in a pulse manner rather than a continuous constant force push, it can reduce the risk of deformation or path deviation caused by long-term force concentration at the pipeline end. It also achieves more efficient and stable laying and propulsion with a more compact mechanism in complex conditions such as narrow and winding passages. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ejection mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting part structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the second protrusion structure of the present invention.

[0018] Explanation of key component symbols: In the diagram: 1. Main body of the device; 2. Ejection mechanism; 21. Support part; 22. Gear transmission part; 221. Rack; 222. Gear; 23. Limiting part; 231. Support rod; 232. Limiting rod; 24. Horizontal sliding part; 25. Spring storage part; 26. Ejection part; 3. First protrusion; 4. Second protrusion; 41. First right-angled triangular protrusion; 42. Second right-angled trapezoidal protrusion; 5. Third protrusion. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided.

[0020] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 4As shown, this embodiment provides an efficient laying device for optical cable communication ducts, including a device body 1 and an ejection mechanism 2 mounted on the device body 1. The ejection mechanism 2 includes a support part 21, a gear transmission part 22, a limiting part 23, a horizontal sliding part 24, a spring storage part 25, and an ejection part 26 mounted on the device body 1. The gear transmission part 22 and the limiting part 23 are respectively mounted on both sides of the support part 21. The horizontal sliding part 24 is slidably mounted on the support part 21, the ejection part 26 is slidably mounted on the horizontal sliding part 24, and the spring storage part 25 is mounted on the horizontal sliding part 24. 5 is located on one side of the ejector 26. The limiting part 23 is movably connected to one end of the ejector 26. The gear transmission part 22 drives the horizontal sliding part 24 to slide. The horizontal sliding part 24 drives the ejector 26 and the spring storage part 25 to move synchronously and lift the limiting part 23. One side of the ejector 26 contacts the limiting part 23. The ejector 26 stops moving under the restriction of the limiting part 23. The spring storage part 25 accumulates elastic potential energy when the ejector 26 stops moving. The limiting part 23 is lifted up and separated from the ejector 26 under the movement of the horizontal sliding part 24. The ejector 26 is ejected under the elastic potential energy released by the spring storage part 25.

[0021] It needs further explanation that the gear transmission unit 22 drives the horizontal sliding unit 24, converting the rotational / drive input into a controllable linear stroke. The core value of the gear transmission 222 here is not just that it can move, but that it provides a predictable, repeatable, and adjustable linear displacement input. This provides the basic conditions for the subsequent energy storage size and unlocking timing. The limiting unit 23 stops the ejector unit 26 first, while the spring continues to compress, achieving decoupling of energy storage and output. The ejector unit 26 is locked and stopped by the limiting unit 23, while the spring storage unit 25 can still be compressed. This allows the external drive not to provide a large thrust instantaneously, but to slowly do work to store energy in the spring. The peak load of the external drive is reduced, so it is not necessary to constantly resist static friction. The energy is stored in the form of a spring and then released instantaneously, forming a short-term high-peak pulse thrust, which is more suitable for overcoming static friction and local jamming. Moreover, the propulsion no longer depends on a continuous constant force, reducing deformation or displacement caused by continuous pressure on the pipe end. The limiting unit 23 is located at the horizontal sliding unit 24. The device tilts upwards and separates from the ejector 26, automatically unlocking and reducing control complexity. This unlocking is not achieved through additional actuators or complex controls, but rather by the continued movement of the horizontal sliding part 24 triggering the limit part 23 to tilt upwards and disengage, forming a self-triggered energy release. This design is more suitable for construction environments with dust, humidity, and other space constraints. The ejector 26 slides and ejects along the laying direction, concentrating energy for effective axial propulsion. The ejector 26 releases energy in a sliding manner along a predetermined direction, avoiding energy loss due to lateral swaying or torsion. The propulsive force has good directionality, reducing the probability of pipe wall rubbing and deviation caused by lateral forces, thus improving propulsion efficiency and laying accuracy. Essentially, this overall design transforms low-power, controllable continuous drive into pulsed axial propulsion capable of overcoming static friction and sudden changes in resistance. Therefore, it is easier to start, less prone to jamming, gentler on pipe ends, and has more controllable energy consumption and equipment complexity in narrow, winding, and high-resistance optical cable communication pipe laying scenarios.

[0022] To address the problems in existing technologies where pipeline laying in narrow, winding channels faces high starting resistance, is prone to jamming, and relies on continuous high-power jacking leading to high energy consumption and potential pipe end deformation or path deviation, this embodiment incorporates a catapult mechanism 2 on the main body 1. This mechanism includes a support part 21, a gear transmission part 22, a limiting part 23, a horizontal sliding part 24, a spring storage part 25, and a catapult part 26. External drive input is converted into controllable linear motion of the horizontal sliding part 24. When the horizontal sliding part 24 slides under the drive of the gear transmission part 22, it drives the catapult part 26 and the spring storage part 25 to move synchronously and lift the limiting part 23. When one side of the catapult part 26 contacts the limiting part 23, it stops moving forward under the constraint of the limiting part 23, allowing the spring storage part to release its energy. The force unit 25 is further compressed and accumulates elastic potential energy when the ejector unit 26 stops. Then, under the action of the continued movement of the horizontal sliding part 24, the limiting part 23 is lifted and rotated and separated from the ejector unit 26 to release the lock. As a result, the ejector unit 26 ejects and outputs a short-term peak value axial pulse propulsion force along the laying direction under the action of the elastic potential energy released instantaneously by the spring storage part 25. This effectively overcomes static friction and jamming resistance and pushes the pipeline forward when the pipeline initially enters or when the resistance changes abruptly. At the same time, since the propulsion force is output in a pulse manner rather than a continuous constant force push, the risk of deformation or path deviation caused by long-term force concentration at the pipeline end can be reduced. And in complex channel conditions such as narrow and winding passages, a more compact mechanism can achieve more efficient and stable laying and propulsion.

[0023] Furthermore, the ejection mechanism 2 needs to maintain repeatability in this continuous action chain of first locking the ejection part 26, then continuing to compress the spring to store energy, and finally reliably unlocking and releasing. However, under the alternating load of high preload and pulse release, if the contact interface lacks guiding cooperation, it is easy for the unlocking to be delayed or premature due to changes in the coefficient of friction, intrusion of dust and mud, or slight attitude deviation. In one embodiment, a first protrusion 3 is provided on the horizontal sliding part 24 at one end of the spring storage part 25, a second protrusion 4 is provided on the ejection part 26 at the other end of the spring storage part 25, and a third protrusion 5 is provided on the limiting rod 232 near the ejection part 26. The end of the limiting rod 232, which is away from the support rod 231, is a beveled structure. The beveled structure at the end of the third protrusion 5 and the limiting rod 232 cooperates with the first protrusion 3 and the second protrusion 4. The first protrusion 3, the second protrusion 4 and the third protrusion 5 are respectively provided on the horizontal sliding part 24, the ejection part 26 and the limiting rod 232. This design is used to convert the displacement input of the horizontal sliding part 24 into the progressive lifting and separation action of the limiting rod 232, thereby solving the problems that are easy to occur when relying solely on simple planar contact, such as unstable unlocking timing, slippage of the contact surface, rapid wear due to local stress concentration and the inability to continuously store energy when the ejection part 26 is limited.

[0024] Since the core of the ejection mechanism 2 lies in the controllable energy storage and controllable unlocking timing, if the drive stroke is unstable, it will directly lead to fluctuations in spring compression, inconsistent ejection pulse thrust, and affect the continuity of laying. In one embodiment, the gear transmission part 22 includes a rack 221 and a gear 222. The rack 221 is set on one side of the horizontal sliding part 24, and the gear 222 is set on the support part 21. The rack 221 and the gear 222 mesh with each other. The gear 222 is externally connected to a forward and reverse motor. The design of the rack 221 and gear 222 meshing and cooperating with the forward and reverse motor drive provides controllable and repeatable linear stroke input in a compact form, solving the problems of uncontrollable stroke, inconvenient reset, large drive system size and high energy consumption in traditional manual pushing, friction wheel propulsion or hydraulic jacking under small diameter, long distance and narrow channel conditions.

[0025] Furthermore, if the limiting rod 232 encounters discontinuous height steps during contact with the protrusion, it will generate instantaneous impact and frictional wear, amplifying assembly errors. To avoid this problem, in one embodiment, the first protrusion 3 is a first right-angled trapezoidal protrusion, and the top surface of the first right-angled trapezoidal protrusion is located on the same plane as the top surface of the limiting rod 232. The first protrusion 3 is designed as a first right-angled trapezoid and its top surface is flush with the top surface of the limiting rod 232. This provides smooth transition support and stable force reference when the horizontal sliding part 24 lifts the limiting rod 232 or moves relative to the limiting rod 232, so as to solve the problems of jumping, scraping, force deflection and locking position drift caused by sudden step changes in cyclic operation.

[0026] Furthermore, when the ejector unit 26 is locked, it bears the continuous compressive load of the spring storage unit 25, and when released, it will accelerate instantaneously. If the protrusion geometry is too sharp or too steep, an unstable contact state of hard engagement to sudden disengagement may easily form during the transition phase between locking and unlocking. In one embodiment, the second protrusion 4 includes a first right-angled triangular protrusion 41 and a second right-angled trapezoidal protrusion 42. One right-angled side of the first right-angled triangular protrusion 41 coincides with the top side of the second right-angled trapezoidal protrusion 42. The angle between the other right-angled side of the first right-angled triangular protrusion 41 and the hypotenuse of the second right-angled trapezoidal protrusion 42 is an obtuse angle. The second protrusion 4 is designed as a composite protrusion of the first right-angled triangle and the second right-angled trapezoid and is provided with a guide geometry that forms an obtuse angle. This design is used to achieve smoother introduction, bearing and disengagement during the cooperation between the ejection part 26 and the limiting part 23, thereby solving the problems of edge chipping, jamming, contact stress concentration and excessive impact at the moment of unlocking that are easily generated by a single rectangular protrusion.

[0027] Since the limiting rod 232 is a hinged component, if it lacks clear geometric guidance when subjected to the combined action of the reaction force of the ejection part 26 and the lifting force of the horizontal sliding part 24, it is prone to local torsion and end rubbing, which will affect the consistency of the lifting and separation sequence. In one embodiment, the third protrusion 5 is a second right-angled triangle protrusion. One right-angled side of the second right-angled triangle protrusion is parallel to the limiting rod 232, and the other right-angled side of the second right-angled triangle protrusion is located on one side of the end inclined structure near the limiting rod 232. The third protrusion 5 is set as a right-angled triangle oriented parallel to the limiting rod 232 and arranged near the end inclined surface. Its design forms a clear force point and cam-type lifting direction during the process of the horizontal sliding part 24 lifting the limiting rod 232. This is used to solve the problems of force dispersion, uncontrollable lifting angle, and easy swaying friction during the lifting of the limiting rod 232, which leads to unstable unlocking.

[0028] Following the above embodiment, the height of the first right-angled trapezoidal protrusion is equal to the thickness of the limiting rod 232, and the heights of the first right-angled triangular protrusion 41, the second right-angled triangular protrusion, and the second right-angled trapezoidal protrusion 42 are equal. This design ensures that the limiting rod 232, when engaging with the first protrusion 3, achieves a support height matching its own thickness. Since the ejection mechanism 2 needs to achieve precise locking and releasing within a limited space, the thickness of the limiting rod 232 determines its reference height and disengagement gap when contacting the ejection part 26. If the protrusion height is too low, the limiting rod 232 will not be able to establish a stable locking surface; if it is too high, it will prematurely lift, leading to locking issues. If the interval is shortened or the release is premature, matching the height and thickness can make the locking reference consistent, the unlocking gap controllable, and improve the cycle stability. In addition, the high-efficiency laying device for optical cable communication pipelines is a multi-component linkage structure from locking to energy storage to unlocking. The difference in the height of the protrusions will directly change the lifting angle of the limit rod 232, the stopping position of the ejector part 26, and the spring compression, thereby amplifying the cumulative error caused by machining tolerances and wear. The heights of the first right-angled triangular protrusion 41, the second right-angled triangular protrusion, and the second right-angled trapezoidal protrusion 42 are equal. The equal height of the three can make contact and disengagement complete under the same height reference, thereby improving trigger consistency, reducing off-center load and wear, and ensuring reliability and stable propulsion effect after long-term cycles.

[0029] An efficient method for laying optical fiber communication ducts includes the following steps: S1: Construction layout and centering positioning. At the entrance of the laying channel, the main body 1 of the device is coaxially arranged with the end of the optical fiber communication duct to be laid, so that the ejector 26 is set towards the duct laying direction, and the limiting part 23 is in the initial state of limiting and locking the ejector 26. According to the distribution of straight or curved sections of the laying channel and the expected frictional resistance, the drive stroke or drive time parameters of the forward and reverse motors are preset. This step is the preparation stage of the entire laying process. Its core lies in centering and presetting. Coaxial arrangement of the main body 1 of the device and the duct ensures that the direction of the subsequent ejection force is consistent with the duct axis, avoids lateral force causing duct wall rubbing or path deviation, improves laying accuracy and success rate of one-time advancement, and puts the limiting part 23 in the initial locking state, providing a reliable mechanical locking reference for the subsequent energy storage stage, and ensuring that the spring compression process is stable and controllable. Based on the preset motor parameters according to the channel working conditions, the working conditions adaptive pre-programming before construction is realized, which lays the foundation for the subsequent segmented energy adjustment of S3. This enables the device to perform differentiated control for efficient continuous propulsion in straight sections and powerful pulse propulsion in curved sections, thereby achieving energy consumption optimization and laying quality improvement in complex laying environments. S2: Gear 222 drives the energy storage, starting the forward and reverse motor to rotate in the forward direction, driving gear 222 to mesh with rack 221, causing the horizontal sliding part 24 to slide along the support part 21. The horizontal sliding part 24 drives the ejector part 26 and the spring storage part 25 to move synchronously and push up the limiting part 23. When the ejector part 26 contacts the limiting part 23 and stops moving under the restriction of the limiting part 23, the spring storage part 25 continues to be compressed to accumulate elastic potential energy. This step completes the conversion of mechanical energy storage. The gear 222 and rack 221 transmission provides precise and repeatable linear stroke input. This makes the movement of the horizontal sliding part 24 controllable and stable, ensuring the consistency of each energy storage stroke. The ejection part 26 stops under the restriction of the limiting part 23, while the spring continues to be compressed. This achieves a mechanical decoupling design where the movement stops but energy storage continues. In this way, the motor does not need to output a huge thrust at the moment of startup to directly overcome the static friction of the pipe. Instead, it does work smoothly with a low load and gradually stores energy in the spring. This design significantly reduces the peak power requirement of the drive motor, improves the system energy efficiency, and also creates conditions for generating an instantaneous thrust that is much greater than the direct output capacity of the motor. S3: Segmented Energy Matching Adjustment. Based on the operating parameters of the laying section, the energy storage is controlled in segments. In straight sections of the channel, a smaller spring pre-compression and a higher number of ejection pulses are used to achieve continuous, low-energy-consumption propulsion. In curved, narrow, or resistance-increasing sections, a larger spring pre-compression and a lower number of ejection pulses are used to increase the energy of a single ejection pulse, thereby overcoming static friction and reducing the risk of pipe head deformation or path deviation caused by continuous constant-force jacking. Traditional constant-force or constant-speed propulsion methods cannot flexibly cope with resistance changes in different sections, easily leading to energy waste or propulsion failure. This is addressed through adjustment... The spring pre-compression and ejection frequency enable dynamic matching of the propulsion strategy: in low-resistance straight sections, a low-energy, high-frequency mode is used to simulate quasi-continuous propulsion, resulting in high efficiency and low energy consumption; in high-resistance curved or narrow sections, a high-energy, low-frequency powerful pulse mode is switched to concentrate energy to overcome local jamming; this segmented adjustment mechanism not only effectively overcomes frictional resistance under different working conditions, but more importantly, it avoids stress concentration, plastic deformation, or path deviation at the pipe head that may be caused by traditional continuous jacking at bends or abrupt changes in resistance, significantly improving the success rate of laying in complex channels and the integrity of the pipeline; S4: Limit release triggers ejection propulsion. As the horizontal sliding part 24 continues to slide, the limit part 23 tilts up and separates from the ejection part 26 due to the movement of the horizontal sliding part 24. This causes the ejection part 26 to be ejected along the laying direction under the elastic potential energy released by the spring storage part 25, applying an axial pulse propulsion force to the optical cable communication duct, causing the duct to advance a predetermined distance within the channel. The tilting and separation of the limit part 23 does not rely on additional sensors or actuators, but is automatically triggered by the continuous movement of the horizontal sliding part 24 through a mechanical structure, forming a reliable and simple self-triggering release mechanism. This triggering structure is robust and has strong anti-interference capabilities, making it very suitable for use in harsh construction environments with dust, moisture, and vibration. The energy stored in the spring is released instantly and converted into high kinetic energy of the ejector section 26, forming a short-duration, peak-value axial pulse propulsion force. This pulse force has an extremely short duration but a high peak value, which can effectively "explode" static friction and local adhesive resistance, pushing the pipeline to slide a distance rapidly. Its propulsion efficiency is far higher than that of a gentle constant force push. At the same time, due to the short duration of action, the time that the pipeline end is subjected to high pressure is also greatly shortened, further protecting the pipeline end structure. S5: Reverse reset and cyclic laying. The forward and reverse motors are driven to rotate in the opposite direction, causing the gear transmission unit 22 to drive the horizontal sliding unit 24 back to its original position. During the return process, the ejector unit 26 re-enters the limiting and locking state under the action of the limiting unit 23 and completes the reset with the spring storage unit 25. At the same time, the device body 1 is adjusted for centering according to the displacement after the pipeline is advanced. S2 to S4 are repeated until the optical cable communication pipeline of the set length is laid. This step realizes the automatic reset and cyclic operation of the device, ensuring the continuity and automation level of the laying process. The reverse rotation of the motor drives the system to reset, and the entire mechanism can return to the initial state of the next work cycle without manual intervention. In the initial state, it is highly efficient and labor-intensive. During the return process, the ejector 26 is automatically relocked by the limiting part 23, ensuring the consistency and reliability of the starting conditions of each cycle. The follow-up centering adjustment based on the pipeline advancement displacement can compensate for the slight deviation between the device and the pipeline axis that may be caused by the pipeline advancement, ensuring that the force line of each advancement cycle is always aligned, thereby maintaining the trajectory accuracy of long-distance laying. Through the cyclic execution of steps S2 to S4, this method integrates intermittent pulse advancement into a continuous, controllable, and adaptive long-distance laying process. Ultimately, under the premise of ensuring laying quality, it achieves efficient, low-consumption, and reliable construction in narrow and winding channels.

[0030] Further explanation is needed: to improve control accuracy and adaptability to operating conditions, this device further integrates an intelligent control system. Through displacement sensors, pressure sensors, and tilt sensors deployed at key locations on the device, data such as pipeline forward resistance, attitude deviation, and spring compression state are collected in real time and fed back to the embedded controller. Combined with preset AI prediction algorithms, such as a resistance prediction model based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, an adaptive control strategy based on reinforcement learning, and a neural network model based on physical information, the system can dynamically predict changes in the resistance of the forward channel based on historical laying data and real-time operating conditions, and automatically adjust the motor drive stroke, spring compression, and ejection frequency to achieve "sensing-prediction-adjustment" closed-loop control.

[0031] The system can dynamically predict changes in the resistance of the passage ahead based on historical laying data and real-time operating conditions, and automatically adjust the drive stroke of the motor, the spring compression, and the ejection frequency to achieve closed-loop control of "sensing-prediction-adjustment". For example, it can use low-energy, high-frequency continuous pulse propulsion in straight, low-resistance sections to save energy; and automatically switch to high-energy, low-frequency strong pulse mode in curved or narrow, high-resistance sections to ensure breakthrough in one go. This greatly reduces the risk of stress concentration and deformation at the pipe head while ensuring laying efficiency.

[0032] In addition, in terms of structure, this device supports modular and quick replacement of the spring storage unit. For different pipe diameters, materials, or laying difficulties, spring modules with different stiffness and strokes can be selected to achieve flexible matching of output energy. Furthermore, the device can be designed as a multi-stage energy storage or parallel spring system. Through combined release strategies, it can provide a smoother or more explosive propulsion curve, enhancing its adaptability to different engineering scenarios. The first right-angled trapezoidal protrusion, the composite second protrusion, and the third right-angled triangular protrusion all adopt equal height and geometric guidance design to ensure smooth contact, uniform wear, and maintain trigger consistency and structural lifespan even after long-term use.

[0033] Furthermore, the applicability of this device is not limited to optical fiber communication pipelines. With adaptation, it can also be used for laying various flexible or semi-rigid pipelines such as cables, gas pipes, and water pipes. For example, in cable laying, it can be adjusted to a low-impact mode to avoid damage to the insulation layer; in gas pipeline laying, explosion-proof electrical components and enhanced sealing design can be used. The main body of the device adopts a modular architecture, and the various functional units such as the drive module, energy storage module, and control box can be quickly disassembled and assembled, facilitating transportation, on-site assembly and maintenance, and significantly improving the engineering practicality and deployment efficiency of the equipment.

[0034] The working principle and workflow of this invention are as follows: First, during the construction preparation stage, the main body 1 of the device is coaxially fixed to the end of the optical cable communication duct to be laid, and the motor drive parameters matching the laying conditions are preset to ensure accurate propulsion direction. After the work starts, the forward and reverse motor rotates in the forward direction. Through the meshing transmission of gear 222 and rack 221, the horizontal sliding part 24 is driven to slide smoothly along the support part 21. The horizontal sliding part 24 drives the ejector part 26 and the spring storage part 25 to move synchronously and gradually lift the limiting part 23. When the ejector part 26 moves to contact the limiting part 23, it stops moving under the mechanical obstruction of the limiting part 23, while the horizontal sliding part 24 continues to move, causing the spring storage part 25 to be further compressed, thereby converting the energy continuously input by the motor into the elastic potential energy of the spring for storage. During the energy storage process, the system can flexibly control the compression of the spring by adjusting the drive stroke of the motor according to different working conditions such as whether the laying section is straight, curved, or narrow, to achieve a pulse propulsion strategy matching of "small energy high frequency" or "large energy low frequency". When the spring is compressed to the preset maximum energy storage state, the continued movement of the horizontal sliding part 24 interacts with the first protrusion 3 on it and the third protrusion 5 and inclined structure on the limiting rod 232, forcing the limiting rod 232 to tilt around the hinge point, thereby releasing the lock on the ejector part 26. At the moment the lock is released, the elastic potential energy stored in the spring energy storage part 25 is released instantaneously, driving the ejector part 26 to eject at high speed along the pipeline axis, applying a short-term, peak-value pulse propulsion force to the pipeline connected to it, effectively overcoming static friction or local jamming resistance, and pushing the pipeline forward a certain distance. Subsequently, the motor rotates in the opposite direction, driving the horizontal sliding part 24 to reset, and the ejector part 26 is locked again by the limiting part 23 during the return stroke. The spring energy storage part 25 also returns to its initial state, completing one working cycle. At the same time, the device can make fine adjustments to the centering according to the position of the pipeline that has been advanced. By repeating the above cycle of energy storage, adjustment, triggering, ejection and reset, the efficient, stable and low-damage pulse-type segmented laying of optical cable communication pipelines in narrow and winding channels can be realized.

[0035] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency laying device for optical cable communication ducts, characterized in that, Includes the main body of the device and the ejection mechanism mounted on the main body of the device; The ejection mechanism includes a support part, a gear transmission part, a limiting part, a horizontal sliding part, a spring storage part, and an ejection part, all mounted on the main body of the device. The gear transmission part and the limiting part are respectively mounted on both sides of the support part. The horizontal sliding part is slidably mounted on the support part, and the ejection part is slidably mounted on the horizontal sliding part. The spring storage part is mounted on the horizontal sliding part and is located on one side of the ejection part. The limiting part is movably connected to one end of the ejection part. The gear transmission part drives the horizontal sliding part to slide. The horizontal sliding part drives the ejection part and the spring storage part to move synchronously and lifts the limiting part. One side of the ejection part contacts the limiting part. The ejection part stops moving under the restriction of the limiting part. The spring storage part accumulates elastic potential energy when the ejection part stops moving. The limiting part tilts up and separates from the ejection part under the movement of the horizontal sliding part. The ejection part is ejected under the elastic potential energy released by the spring storage part.

2. The high-efficiency laying device for optical cable communication ducts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting part includes a support rod and a limiting rod. The support rod is disposed on the support part, and one end of the limiting rod is hinged to the support rod.

3. The high-efficiency laying device for optical cable communication ducts according to claim 2, characterized in that, A first protrusion is provided on the horizontal sliding part at one end of the spring storage part, a second protrusion is provided on the ejection part at the other end of the spring storage part, a third protrusion is provided on the limiting rod near the ejection part, and the end of the limiting rod away from the support rod is a bevel structure. The third protrusion and the bevel structure at the end of the limiting rod cooperate with the first protrusion and the second protrusion.

4. The high-efficiency laying device for optical cable communication ducts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gear transmission unit includes a rack and a gear. The rack is disposed on one side of the horizontal sliding part, and the gear is disposed on the support part. The rack and the gear mesh with each other, and the gear is externally connected to a forward and reverse rotating motor.

5. The high-efficiency laying device for optical cable communication ducts according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first protrusion is a right-angled trapezoidal protrusion, and the top surface of the first right-angled trapezoidal protrusion and the top surface of the limiting rod are located on the same plane.

6. The high-efficiency laying device for optical cable communication ducts according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second protrusion includes a first right-angled triangular protrusion and a second right-angled trapezoidal protrusion. One right-angled side of the first right-angled triangular protrusion coincides with the top side of the second right-angled trapezoidal protrusion, and the angle between the other right-angled side of the first right-angled triangular protrusion and the hypotenuse of the second right-angled trapezoidal protrusion is an obtuse angle.

7. The high-efficiency laying device for optical cable communication ducts according to claim 6, characterized in that, The third protrusion is a second right-angled triangle protrusion, one right-angled side of which is parallel to the limiting rod, and the other right-angled side of which is located on one side of the end inclined structure near the limiting rod.

8. The high-efficiency laying device for optical cable communication ducts according to claim 7, characterized in that, The height of the first right-angled trapezoidal protrusion is equal to the thickness of the limiting rod.

9. A high-efficiency laying device for optical cable communication ducts according to claim 7, characterized in that, The heights of the first right-angled triangular protrusion, the second right-angled triangular protrusion, and the second right-angled trapezoidal protrusion are equal.

10. A method for efficient laying of optical fiber communication ducts, based on the efficient laying device for optical fiber communication ducts according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Construction layout and centering positioning: At the entrance of the laying channel, the main body of the device is arranged coaxially with the end of the optical cable communication pipe to be laid, so that the ejector is set in the direction of pipe laying and the limiting part is in the initial state of limiting and locking the ejector. According to the distribution of straight or curved sections of the laying channel and the expected frictional resistance, the drive stroke or drive time parameters of the forward and reverse motors are preset. S2: Gear-driven energy storage starts the forward and reverse motor to rotate in the forward direction, driving the gear and rack to mesh and transmit, causing the horizontal sliding part to slide along the support part. The horizontal sliding part drives the ejector part and the spring storage part to move synchronously and lift the limiting part. When the ejector part contacts the limiting part and stops moving under the restriction of the limiting part, the spring storage part continues to be compressed to accumulate elastic potential energy. S3: Segmented energy matching adjustment. The energy storage is controlled in segments according to the working parameters of the laying section. In the straight section of the channel, a smaller spring pre-compression amount and a higher number of ejection frequencies are used to achieve continuous propulsion with low energy consumption. In the curved section, narrow section or section with increased resistance, a larger spring pre-compression amount and a lower number of ejection frequencies are used to increase the energy of a single ejection pulse, thereby overcoming static friction and reducing the risk of pipe head deformation or path deviation caused by continuous constant force jacking. S4: Limit release triggers ejection propulsion. Under the continued sliding action of the horizontal sliding part, the limit part tilts up and separates from the ejection part under the movement of the horizontal sliding part, so that the ejection part is ejected along the laying direction under the action of the elastic potential energy released by the spring storage part, and applies axial pulse propulsion force to the optical cable communication pipeline, so that the pipeline advances a predetermined distance in the channel. S5: Reverse reset and cyclic laying. Drive the forward and reverse motor to rotate in the opposite direction, so that the gear transmission part drives the horizontal sliding part to return to its original position. During the return process, the ejector part re-enters the restricted locking state under the action of the limiting part and completes the reset with the spring storage part. At the same time, the device body is adjusted according to the displacement after the pipeline is pushed forward. Repeat steps S2 to S4 until the optical cable communication pipeline of the set length is laid.

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