Display device and electronic apparatus

Abstract

Provided is a display device capable of suppressing deterioration of luminance viewing angle characteristics even when a light-collecting element is offset from the center of a light-emitting region of a light-emitting element. The display device includes: a plurality of light emitting elements arranged in a display area; a plurality of light collecting elements that collect light emitted from each of the plurality of light emitting elements; and a light transmission layer adjacent to the light collecting surfaces of the plurality of light collecting elements. The display area is provided with a first area and a second area located on the outer side of the first area. A center of the light-collecting element included in the second region is offset toward an outer peripheral side of the display region with respect to a center of a light-emitting region of the light-emitting element in plan view, and a refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the second region is higher than a refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the first region.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to display devices and electronic devices including the display devices. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, there has been a desire for display devices to achieve high brightness and high efficiency, leading to the introduction of light-concentrating elements such as microlenses (ML). For such display devices, there is also a desire for a further increase in the field of view (FOV), and techniques for controlling the principal ray angle (CRA) by offsetting the center of each light-concentrating element relative to the center of the light-emitting area of ​​the corresponding light-emitting element are under investigation (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0003] Reference List

[0004] Patent documents

[0005] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2020-184478 Summary of the Invention

[0006] The problem to be solved by the present invention

[0007] However, when the focusing element is offset from the center of the light-emitting area of ​​the light-emitting element, the brightness viewing angle characteristics deteriorate.

[0008] Therefore, the purpose of this disclosure is to provide a display device and an electronic device that can suppress the degradation of brightness and viewing angle characteristics even when the light-concentrating element is offset from the center of the light-emitting area of ​​the light-emitting element.

[0009] Solution to the problem

[0010] To address the above problems, a display device according to the present disclosure is provided, the display device comprising:

[0011] Multiple light-emitting elements are arranged in the display area;

[0012] Multiple light-concentrating elements, which focus light emitted from each of the multiple light-emitting elements; and

[0013] A light-transmitting layer, wherein the light-transmitting layer is adjacent to the focusing surface of the plurality of focusing elements, wherein,

[0014] The display area includes a first area and a second area located outside the first area.

[0015] The center of each of the light-concentrating elements located in the second region is offset towards the outer periphery of the display area relative to the center of the light-emitting area of ​​the corresponding light-emitting element when viewed from above.

[0016] The refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the second region is higher than that of the light-transmitting layer in the first region. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 A is a cross-sectional view of the display device according to Comparative Example 1. Figure 1 B is a cross-sectional view of the display device according to Comparative Example 2.

[0018] Figure 2 A is a graph showing the brightness and viewing angle characteristics of the central region of the display device according to Comparative Example 2. Figure 2 B is a graph showing the brightness and viewing angle characteristics of the peripheral region of the display device according to Comparative Example 2.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a plan view of a display device according to one embodiment.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a CRA of a display device according to one embodiment.

[0021] Figure 5 A is a cross-sectional view of the central region of a display device according to one embodiment. Figure 5 B is a cross-sectional view of the peripheral region of a display device according to one embodiment.

[0022] Figure 6 A is a cross-sectional view of an OLED layer including a single-layer light-emitting unit. Figure 6 B is a cross-sectional view of the OLED layer including the two-layer light-emitting units.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the light-transmitting layer.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a graph illustrating an example of the brightness and viewing angle characteristics of the peripheral region of a display device according to one embodiment.

[0025] Figure 9 A and Figure 9 B is a cross-sectional view of the light transmission layer according to the modified example.

[0026] Figure 10 A and Figure 10 B is a cross-sectional view of the light transmission layer according to the modified example.

[0027] Figure 11 A and Figure 11 B is a cross-sectional view of the light transmission layer according to the modified example.

[0028] Figure 12 It is a plan view of the display device based on the modified example.

[0029] Figure 13 It is a plan view of the display device based on the modified example.

[0030] Figure 14 It is a plan view of the display device based on the modified example.

[0031] Figure 15 yes Figure 14 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the light-transmitting layer of the display device.

[0032] Figure 16 It is a plan view of the display device based on the modified example.

[0033] Figure 17 A is a cross-sectional view of the central region of the display device according to a modified example. Figure 17 B is a cross-sectional view of the peripheral region of the display device according to the modified example.

[0034] Figure 18 This is a cross-sectional view of the display device based on Comparative Example 3.

[0035] Figure 19 This is a cross-sectional view of the first example of a leakage suppression structure.

[0036] Figure 20 This is a cross-sectional view of a second example of a leakage suppression structure.

[0037] Figure 21 This is a cross-sectional view of the third example of a leakage suppression structure.

[0038] Figure 22 This is a cross-sectional view of the fourth example of a leakage suppression structure.

[0039] Figure 23 This is a cross-sectional view of the fifth example of a leakage suppression structure.

[0040] Figure 24 This is a cross-sectional view of the sixth example of a leakage suppression structure.

[0041] Figure 25 This is a cross-sectional view of the seventh example of a leakage suppression structure.

[0042] Figure 26 yes Figure 25 The diagram shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the trench.

[0043] Figure 27 This is a cross-sectional view of the eighth example of a leakage suppression structure.

[0044] Figure 28 This is a cross-sectional view of the ninth example of a leakage suppression structure.

[0045] Figure 29 It is a plan view used to describe the arrangement of the first and third electrodes.

[0046] Figure 30 A is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe a first example of a resonator structure. Figure 30 B is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe a second example of a resonator structure.

[0047] Figure 31 A is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe a third example of a resonator structure. Figure 31 B is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe the fourth example of a resonator structure.

[0048] Figure 32 A is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe the fifth example of a resonator structure. Figure 32 B is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe the sixth example of a resonator structure.

[0049] Figure 33 This is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe the seventh example of a resonator structure.

[0050] Figure 34 A is a front view of a digital still camera. Figure 34 B is a view of the back of a digital still camera.

[0051] Figure 35 This is a perspective view of a head-mounted display.

[0052] Figure 36 This is a perspective view of a television set.

[0053] Figure 37 It is a perspective view of a see-through head-mounted display.

[0054] Figure 38 This is a perspective view of a smartphone.

[0055] Figure 39 A is a diagram showing the interior of a vehicle as viewed from the rear to the front. Figure 39 B is a diagram showing the interior of the vehicle as viewed from the rear to the front. Detailed Implementation

[0056] Embodiments of this disclosure will be described in the following order.

[0057] 1. Description of the overall display device according to this disclosure

[0058] 2. Background of the Creation of the Embodiments of this Disclosure

[0059] 3. An embodiment (example of a display device)

[0060] 4. Variations

[0061] 5 Examples of inter-pixel structures used to prevent inter-pixel leakage

[0062] 6. Examples of resonator structures

[0063] 7. Application Examples (Examples of electronic devices)

[0064] The embodiments described below are preferred examples of this disclosure, and the content of this disclosure is not limited to these embodiments. Note that in the following description, components with substantially the same functional construction are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant descriptions will be appropriately omitted. Furthermore, to prevent complicating the drawings, some components may be represented only by reference numerals, or the drawings may be simplified, enlarged, or reduced in size.

[0065] <1. Description of the overall display device according to this disclosure>

[0066] In this disclosure, the first region and the second region may be adjacent to each other or may be spaced apart from each other. The first region is, for example, a central region located at the center of the display area. The second region is, for example, a peripheral region located at the periphery of the display area.

[0067] In this disclosure, the outer periphery of the first region and the inner periphery of the second region can have a fundamental circular shape, a fundamental polygonal shape, or an oval shape when viewed from above. The fundamental polygonal shape is not limited to a polygonal shape in a strictly geometric sense, but includes shapes that are visually recognizable as approximating a polygonal shape. For example, fundamental polygonal shapes include polygonal shapes with rounded corners and polygonal shapes with chamfered corners. The fundamental polygonal shape can be a fundamental rectangular shape. Here, a fundamental rectangular shape includes a fundamental square shape. Oval shapes include shapes such as elongated circular shapes, elliptical shapes, and egg-shaped shapes.

[0068] In this disclosure, the display area may further include at least one third area between the first and second areas. Preferably, the center of the focusing element located in the third area is offset towards the outer periphery of the display area relative to the center of the light-emitting area of ​​the corresponding light-emitting element when viewed from above. Preferably, the offset of the center of the focusing element in the third area relative to the center of the light-emitting area of ​​the light-emitting element is less than the offset of the center of the focusing element in the second area relative to the center of the light-emitting area of ​​the corresponding light-emitting element. From the viewpoint of suppressing the degradation of brightness viewing angle characteristics, the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the third area is preferably higher than the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the first area and lower than the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the second area.

[0069] In this disclosure, the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the first region and the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the second region can gradually or stepwise change along the in-plane direction of the display device at the boundary between the two regions. When the display region includes a third region, the refractive indices of the light-transmitting layers in the first and third regions can gradually or stepwise change along the in-plane direction of the display device at the boundary between the two regions. Furthermore, the refractive indices of the light-transmitting layers in the second and third regions can gradually or stepwise change along the in-plane direction of the display device at the boundary between the two regions.

[0070] In this disclosure, a light-transmitting layer can be disposed on multiple focusing elements to cover the focusing surfaces of the multiple focusing elements. In this case, the focusing surface of each focusing element may be convex on the side opposite to the light-emitting element side. In this disclosure, a light-transmitting layer can be disposed below the multiple focusing elements, and the focusing surfaces of the multiple focusing elements may be embedded in the light-transmitting layer. In this case, the focusing surface of each focusing element may be convex on the light-emitting element side.

[0071] In this disclosure, the light-transmitting layer may be a protective layer such as a hard coating that protects the surface of the display device, or it may be a resin-filled layer disposed between the substrate and the plurality of lenses.

[0072] In this disclosure, the display device may further include a color filter disposed above a plurality of light-emitting elements. In this case, the color filter and the plurality of light-concentrating elements may be arranged in order from the light-emitting element side toward the display surface, or the plurality of light-concentrating elements and the color filter may be arranged in order from the light-emitting element side toward the display surface.

[0073] In this disclosure, the expression "on object A", such as "object B is set on object A", indicates the relative positional relationship between object A and object B, and includes not only the state in which object B is directly on object A without any other object intervening therebetween, but also the state in which object B is on object A with at least one other object intervening therebetween.

[0074] The display device according to this disclosure can be installed in an electronic device. For example, the display device according to this disclosure can be installed in glasses such as virtual reality (VR) devices, mixed reality (MR) devices or augmented reality (AR) devices, in electronic viewfinders (EVFs), in small projectors, etc.

[0075] <2 Background to the Creation of Embodiments of this Disclosure>

[0076] To improve the focusing performance of the lens (focusing element) 170, it is desirable for a light-transmitting layer 18 with a refractive index lower than that of the lens 170 to cover multiple lenses 170, such as... Figure 1 As illustrated in Figure A. To increase the field of view (FOV) of the display device 101A having this configuration, the inventors are considering, as follows: Figure 1 As illustrated in Figure B, the center of the lens 170, located in the peripheral region of the display area, is offset relative to the center of the light-emitting area of ​​the light-emitting element 12 towards the outer periphery of the display area when viewed from above. However, when the center of the lens 170 is offset as described above, the incident angle of light from the light-emitting element 12 relative to the focusing surface (convex curved surface) of the lens 170 increases, resulting in an increase in total internal reflection at the interface between the lens 170 and the light transmission layer 18, and causing a deterioration in brightness and viewing angle characteristics.

[0077] Figure 2 A shows the brightness and viewing angle characteristics of the central region of the display device 101A (where the center of the lens 170 is not offset relative to the center of the light-emitting area of ​​the light-emitting element 12). Figure 2 B shows the brightness and viewing angle characteristics of the peripheral region of the display device 101A (where the center of the lens 170 is offset relative to the center of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element 12). Figure 2 A and Figure 2 The brightness along the vertical axis in B is normalized to the brightness at 0° at the center of the display area. For example, from... Figure 2 As can be seen from B, the brightness viewing angle deteriorates on the side opposite to the direction of CRA tilt (the center side of display area RE1).

[0078] Therefore, the inventors conducted in-depth research to suppress the degradation of brightness and viewing angle characteristics caused by total internal reflection. As a result, the inventors derived a structure in which the refractive index n of the light-transmitting layer 18 covering the lens located in the peripheral region of the display area is... 22 The refractive index n is set to be higher than that of the light-transmitting layer covering the lens located in the central area of ​​the display area. 21 .

[0079] <3 An Example>

[0080] [Schematic structure of display device 101]

[0081] Figure 3 This is a plan view of a display device 101 according to one embodiment. The display device 101 includes a display area RE1 and a peripheral area RE2 disposed around the display area RE1. The display area RE1 of the display device 101 includes a central area (first area) RE11 and a peripheral area (second area) RE12.

[0082] A central region RE11 is located at the center of the display area RE1. The central region RE11 has, for example, a generally circular shape. A peripheral region RE12 is located outside the central region RE11, specifically along the perimeter of the display area RE1. In one embodiment, the peripheral region RE12 is adjacent to the central region RE11.

[0083] Display device 101 is an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display device. Here, a first direction and a second direction orthogonal to each other in the display surface of display device 101 are referred to as the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, respectively, and a third direction orthogonal to the display surface of display device 101 is referred to as the Z-axis direction. In one embodiment, an example in which the X-axis direction is the horizontal direction of the display surface and the Y-axis direction is the vertical direction of the display surface will be described.

[0084] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the CRA of the display device 101. In one embodiment, an example is given where the CRA describing the central region RE11 is set to 0° and the CRA of the peripheral region RE12 is set to a predetermined angle θ. The CRA is tilted outward at the periphery of the display device 101, thereby allowing an increase in the FOV of the display device 101.

[0085] Figure 5 A is a cross-sectional view of the central region RE11 of the display device 101. Figure 5 B is a cross-sectional view of the peripheral region RE12 of the display device 101. Multiple sub-pixels 10R, multiple sub-pixels 10G, and multiple sub-pixels 10B are disposed in the display region RE1. In the following description, unless otherwise specified, sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B may be simply referred to as sub-pixels 10. The multiple sub-pixels 10 are arranged two-dimensionally in a prescribed arrangement pattern. Examples of the prescribed arrangement pattern include, but are not limited to, triangular arrangements, square arrangements, and strip arrangements. Pad portions 113, video display drivers (not shown), etc., are disposed in the peripheral region RE2. Flexible printed circuit boards (FPCs) 114, serving as connecting members, can be connected to the pad portions 113.

[0086] Subpixels 10R, 10G, and 10B can emit light of different colors. Subpixel 10R can emit red light. Subpixel 10G can emit green light. Subpixel 10B can emit blue light. Each pixel can include three adjacent subpixels 10R, 10G, and 10B. However, the construction of each pixel is not limited to this example.

[0087] [Layer structure of display device 101]

[0088] like Figure 5 A and Figure 5As shown in Figure B, the display device 101 includes a driving substrate 11, a plurality of light-emitting elements 12, an insulating layer 13, a protective layer 14, a planarization layer 15, a color filter 16, a lens array 17, and a light-transmitting layer 18.

[0089] Here, of the two surfaces constituting each layer of the display device 101, the surface on the display side (top side) of the display device 101 can be referred to as the first surface (upper surface), and the surface on the side opposite to the display side (bottom side) of the display device 101 can be referred to as the second surface (lower surface). Here, "top view" refers to a top view when observing an object from a direction perpendicular to the first surface. Here, the periphery of the first surface refers to a region of a predetermined width extending inward from the periphery of the first surface.

[0090] (Driver substrate 11)

[0091] The driving substrate 11 is a so-called backplane and can drive multiple light-emitting elements 12. The driving substrate 11 includes, for example, a substrate 111 and an insulating layer 112 arranged sequentially.

[0092] Multiple driving circuits (not shown), multiple wirings (not shown), etc., are disposed on the first surface side of the substrate 111. The substrate 111 may be, for example, a semiconductor substrate in which transistors are easily formed, or a glass substrate or resin substrate with low moisture and oxygen permeability. Semiconductor substrates include, for example, amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon, monocrystalline silicon, etc. Glass substrates include, for example, high strain point glass, soda ash glass, borosilicate glass, olivine, lead glass, quartz glass, etc. Resin substrates include, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylphenol, polyethersulfone, polyimide, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, etc.

[0093] An insulating layer 112 is disposed on a first surface of the substrate 111 to cover multiple driving circuits, multiple wirings, etc. The multiple wirings can be connected to the pad portion 113. The insulating layer 112 includes multiple contacts (not shown) inside it. The multiple contacts electrically connect the light-emitting element 12 and the driving circuits or wirings. Each contact includes at least one metal, for example, selected from the group consisting of copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), etc.

[0094] The insulating layer 112 may be an organic insulating layer, an inorganic insulating layer, or a laminate thereof. The organic insulating layer includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of polyimide resins, acrylic resins, phenolic varnish resins, etc. The inorganic insulating layer includes, for example, silicon dioxide (SiO₂). x Silicon nitride (SiN) x ), silicon oxynitride (SiO) x N y At least one of the groups including (e.g.)

[0095] (Light-emitting element 12)

[0096] The light-emitting element 12 can emit white light under the control of a driving circuit or the like. In one embodiment, the light-emitting element 12 is an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) element. The light-emitting element 12 is included in each color sub-pixel 10R, 10G, and 10B.

[0097] Multiple light-emitting elements 12 are arranged two-dimensionally on the first surface of the driving substrate 11 in a predetermined pattern. The predetermined pattern is the same as the predetermined pattern of the multiple sub-pixels 10. The light-emitting elements 12 on the first surface of the driving substrate 11 sequentially include a first electrode 121, an OLED layer 122, and a second electrode 123.

[0098] (First electrode 121)

[0099] A first electrode 121 is disposed on the second surface side of the OLED layer 122. The first electrode 121 is a separate electrode individually disposed for each of the plurality of light-emitting elements 12. That is, the first electrode 121 divides the space between adjacent light-emitting elements 12 in the in-plane direction of the first surface of the driving substrate 11. The first electrode 121 is the anode. When a voltage is applied between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123, holes are injected from the first electrode 121 into the OLED layer 122.

[0100] The first electrode 121 may include, for example, a metal layer, or it may include a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer. When the first electrode 121 includes a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer, from the viewpoint of placing a layer with a high work function adjacent to the OLED layer 122, it is preferable that the transparent conductive oxide layer is disposed adjacent to the OLED layer 122.

[0101] The metal layer can function as a reflective layer that reflects light emitted from the OLED layer 122. The metal layer includes, for example, at least one metallic element selected from the group consisting of chromium (Cr), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), tungsten (W), and silver (Ag). The metal layer may include at least one of the aforementioned metallic elements as a constituent element of an alloy. Specific examples of alloys include aluminum alloys and silver alloys. Specific examples of aluminum alloys include, for example, AlNd and AlCu.

[0102] A sublayer (not shown) may be disposed adjacent to the second surface of the metal layer. The sublayer can be used to improve the crystal orientation of the metal layer during deposition. The sublayer includes, for example, at least one metallic element selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti) and tantalum (Ta). The sublayer may include at least one of the aforementioned metallic elements as a constituent element of the alloy.

[0103] The transparent conductive oxide layer includes a transparent conductive oxide. The transparent conductive oxide includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of indium-containing transparent conductive oxides (hereinafter referred to as "indium-based transparent conductive oxides"), tin-containing transparent conductive oxides (hereinafter referred to as "tin-based transparent conductive oxides"), and zinc-containing transparent conductive oxides (hereinafter referred to as "zinc-based transparent conductive oxides").

[0104] Indium-based transparent conductive oxides include, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium gallium oxide (IGO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), or fluorine-doped indium oxide (IFO). Among these transparent conductive oxides, indium tin oxide (ITO) is particularly preferred. This is because, in terms of work function, indium tin oxide (ITO) has a particularly low barrier for hole injection into the OLED layer 122, and therefore, the driving voltage of the display device 101 can be particularly reduced. Tin-based transparent conductive oxides include, for example, tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), or fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). Zinc-based transparent conductive oxides include, for example, zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), boron-doped zinc oxide, or gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO).

[0105] (OLED layer 122)

[0106] The OLED layer 122 can emit white light. The OLED layer 122 is disposed between a plurality of first electrodes 121 and a single second electrode 123. The OLED layer 122 extends across adjacent light-emitting elements 12 in the in-plane direction on the first surface of the driving substrate 11, serving as a layer shared by the plurality of light-emitting elements 12.

[0107] The OLED layer 122 may include a stack comprising an organic light-emitting layer, and in this case, a portion of the stack (e.g., an electron injection layer) may be an inorganic layer. The OLED layer 122 may have, for example, a... Figure 6 The OLED layer of the single-layer light-emitting unit U shown in Figure A can have, for example, the following characteristics: Figure 6The OLED layer (tandem structure) with dual-layer light-emitting units U1 and U2 shown in Figure B can also be an OLED layer with other structures. The OLED layer 122 with a single-layer light-emitting unit U has, for example, a structure in which a hole injection layer 1221, a hole transport layer 1222, a red light-emitting layer 1220R, a light-emitting separation layer 1223, a blue light-emitting layer 1220B, a green light-emitting layer 1220G, an electron transport layer 1224, and an electron injection layer 1225 are stacked sequentially from the first electrode 121 toward the second electrode 123. The OLED layer with dual-layer light-emitting units U1 and U2 has, for example, a structure in which a hole injection layer 1221, a hole transport layer 1222, a blue light-emitting layer 1220B, an electron transport layer 1226, a charge generation layer 1227, a hole transport layer 1228, a yellow light-emitting layer 1220Y, an electron transport layer 1224, and an electron injection layer 1225 are stacked sequentially from the first electrode 121 toward the second electrode 123.

[0108] Hole injection layer 1221 can improve the efficiency of hole injection into light-emitting layers 1220R, 1220G, and 1220B while suppressing leakage. Hole transport layers 1222 and 1228 can improve the efficiency of hole transport to light-emitting layers 1220R, 1220B, and 1220Y. Electron injection layer 1225 can improve the efficiency of electron injection into light-emitting layers 1220G and 1220Y. Electron transport layers 1224 and 1226 can improve the efficiency of electron transport to light-emitting layers 1220G, 1220B, and 1220Y. Light emission separation layer 1223 is used to regulate carrier injection into light-emitting layers 1220R, 1220G, and 1220B, and adjusts the emission balance of each color by injecting electrons or holes into light-emitting layers 1220R, 1220G, and 1220B via light emission separation layer 1223. The charge-generating layer 1227 can supply electrons and holes separately to the two light-emitting layers 1220B and 1220Y sandwiched between the charge-generating layer 1227.

[0109] In response to the application of an electric field to each of the red emitting layer 1220R, the green emitting layer 1220G, the blue emitting layer 1220B, and the yellow emitting layer 1220Y, recombination occurs between holes injected from the first electrode 121 or the charge generating layer 1227 and electrons injected from the second electrode 123 or the charge generating layer 1227, thereby allowing the emission of red, green, blue, and yellow light.

[0110] (Second electrode 123)

[0111] The second electrode 123 is disposed on the first surface side of the OLED layer 122. The second electrode 123 is a common electrode that extends across adjacent light-emitting elements 12 in the in-plane direction on the first surface of the driving substrate 11 and is shared by a plurality of light-emitting elements 12.

[0112] The second electrode 123 is a cathode. When a voltage is applied between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123, electrons are injected from the second electrode 123 into the OLED layer 122. The second electrode 123 is transmissive to white light emitted from the OLED layer 122. The second electrode 123 is preferably a transparent electrode that is transparent to visible light. Here, visible light refers to light with a wavelength range of 360 nm to 780 nm.

[0113] To improve luminous efficiency, the second electrode 123 preferably comprises a material having the highest possible transmittance and the lowest possible work function. The second electrode 123 comprises at least one of, for example, a metal layer or a transparent conductive oxide layer. More specifically, the second electrode 123 comprises a single-layer film of a metal layer or a transparent conductive oxide layer, or a multilayer film of a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer. When the second electrode 123 comprises a multilayer film, the metal layer or the transparent conductive oxide layer may be disposed adjacent to the OLED layer 122; however, from the viewpoint of placing a layer with a low work function adjacent to the OLED layer 122, it is preferable to dispose of the metal layer adjacent to the OLED layer 122.

[0114] The metal layer includes at least one metallic element selected from the group consisting of magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), calcium (Ca), and sodium (Na). The metal layer may include at least one of the aforementioned metallic elements as a constituent element of the alloy. Specific examples of alloys include MgAg alloys, MgAl alloys, AlLi alloys, etc. The transparent conductive oxide layer includes a transparent conductive oxide. Examples of transparent conductive oxides include materials similar to the transparent conductive oxide of the first electrode 121 described above.

[0115] (Insulation layer 13)

[0116] An insulating layer 13 is disposed on a portion of the first surface of the driving substrate 11, between spaced-apart first electrodes 121. The insulating layer 13 serves as an insulating layer for element isolation and provides insulation between adjacent first electrodes 121 in the in-plane direction of the first surface of the driving substrate 11. The insulating layer 13 has a plurality of openings 13a. Each of the plurality of openings 13a is provided for a corresponding light-emitting element 12. Each of the plurality of openings 13a is disposed on the first surface of the corresponding first electrode 121 (the surface adjacent to the OLED layer 122). That is, the periphery of the first surface of each first electrode 121 can be covered by the insulating layer 13. The first electrode 121 and the OLED layer 122 are in contact with each other via the openings 13a. The shape of each opening 12a in plan view is not particularly limited and is, for example, a generally rectangular shape, a generally circular shape, a generally elliptical shape, etc.

[0117] The insulating layer 13 may be an organic insulating layer, an inorganic insulating layer, or a laminate thereof. The organic insulating layer includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of polyimide resins, acrylic resins, phenolic varnish resins, etc. The inorganic insulating layer includes, for example, silicon dioxide (SiO₂). x Silicon nitride (SiN) x ), silicon oxynitride (SiO) x N y At least one of the groups including (e.g.)

[0118] (Protective layer 14)

[0119] A protective layer 14 is disposed on the first surface of the second electrode 123 to cover a plurality of light-emitting elements 12. The protective layer 14 is transmissive to white light emitted from the light-emitting elements 12. The protective layer 14 can protect the plurality of light-emitting elements 12, etc. For example, the protective layer 14 can prevent moisture from entering the plurality of light-emitting elements 12, etc. from the external environment. Furthermore, when the second electrode 123 includes a metal layer, the protective layer 14 can have the function of inhibiting the oxidation of the metal layer.

[0120] The protective layer 14 comprises at least one of an inorganic or organic material, for example, having low hygroscopicity. The protective layer 14 may have a single-layer or multi-layer structure. A multi-layer structure is preferred when the thickness of the protective layer 14 is increased. This is to reduce internal stress in the protective layer 14. The inorganic material includes, for example, materials selected from silicon dioxide (SiO2). x Silicon nitride (SiN) x ), silicon oxynitride (SiO) x N y Titanium oxide (TiO) x ), aluminum oxide (AlO) x At least one from the group consisting of, etc. Organic materials include, for example, cured products of resins selected from at least one resin selected from the group consisting of thermosetting resins, photosensitive resins, etc. Photosensitive resins include, for example, ultraviolet-curable resins. Specifically, organic materials include, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic resins, polyimide resins, phenolic varnish resins, epoxy resins, norbornene resins, parylene resins, etc.

[0121] The protective layer 14 preferably comprises a deposited layer formed by atomic layer deposition. The deposited layer can be an atomic layer deposition (ALD) layer. The protective layer 14 including the deposited layer can improve its effectiveness in inhibiting moisture ingress. The deposited layer includes, for example, metal oxides or metal nitrides. Metal oxides include, for example, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). x ) or titanium dioxide (TiO) x Metal nitrides include, for example, titanium nitride (TiN). x ).

[0122] (Planarization layer 15)

[0123] A planarization layer 15 is disposed on the first surface of the protective layer 14. The planarization layer 15 can fill the irregularities of the first surface of the protective layer 14 and form a flat first surface over the protective layer 14. The planarization layer 15 is transmissive to white light emitted from the light-emitting element 12. The planarization layer 15 comprises at least one of, for example, organic or inorganic materials.

[0124] Organic materials include, for example, cured products of photosensitive resin compositions. The photosensitive resin composition may include either a positive or negative photosensitive resin composition. Specifically, the photosensitive resin composition includes at least one selected from the group consisting of polyimides, polyimide precursors, polybenzoxazole, polybenzoxazole precursors, acrylic resins, phenolic resins, and siloxane resins. As inorganic materials, materials similar to the inorganic material of protective layer 14 may be exemplified.

[0125] (Color Filter 16)

[0126] Color filter 16 is a so-called on-chip color filter (OCCF). Color filter 16 is disposed above a plurality of light-emitting elements 12. More specifically, color filter 16 is disposed on a first surface of planarization layer 15. Color filter 16 includes, for example, a plurality of color layers 160R, a plurality of color layers 160G, and a plurality of color layers 160B. Note that in the following description, unless otherwise specifically distinguished, color layers 160R, color layers 160G, and color layers 160B may be simply referred to as color layer 160.

[0127] Multiple color layers 160 are arranged two-dimensionally on the first surface of the planarization layer 15 in a predetermined pattern. The predetermined pattern is the same as the predetermined pattern of the multiple sub-pixels 10. Each color layer 160 is disposed above a corresponding light-emitting element 12. Sub-pixel 10R includes a light-emitting element 12 and a color layer 160R disposed above the light-emitting element 12. Sub-pixel 10G includes a light-emitting element 12 and a color layer 160G disposed above the light-emitting element 12. Sub-pixel 10B includes a light-emitting element 12 and a color layer 160B disposed above the light-emitting element 12.

[0128] Color layer 160R is red. Color layer 160R can transmit the red light component of the white light emitted from the light-emitting element 12 and absorb the visible light component other than red light. Color layer 160G is green. Color layer 160G can transmit the green light component of the white light emitted from the light-emitting element 12 and absorb the visible light component other than green light. Color layer 160B is blue. Color layer 160B can transmit the blue light component of the white light emitted from the light-emitting element 12 and absorb the visible light component other than blue light.

[0129] In the central region RE11, the center of the color layer 160 is substantially aligned with the center of the light-emitting area of ​​the light-emitting element 12 when viewed from above. On the other hand, in the peripheral region RE12, the center of the color layer 160 is offset towards the outer periphery of the display region RE1 relative to the center of the light-emitting area of ​​the light-emitting element 12 when viewed from above. As a result, as... Figure 4 As illustrated, the CRA of the central region RE11 is set to 0°, and the CRA of the peripheral region RE12 is set to a predetermined angle θ.

[0130] Coloring layer 160R includes, for example, a red resist. Coloring layer 160G includes, for example, a green resist. Coloring layer 160B includes, for example, a blue resist.

[0131] (Lens array 17)

[0132] Lens array 17 is disposed on the first surface of color filter 16. Lens array 17 includes a plurality of lenses 170. Lens 170 is an example of a light-gathering element. Lens 170 is a convex lens having a convex light-gathering surface on the side opposite to the light-emitting element 12. The plurality of lenses 170 are so-called on-chip microlenses (OCL) and are arranged two-dimensionally on the first surface of color filter 16 in a prescribed arrangement pattern. The prescribed arrangement pattern is the same as the prescribed arrangement pattern of the plurality of sub-pixels 10.

[0133] The lens 170 located in the central region RE11 can focus light emitted upward from the light-emitting element 12 and incident through the coloring layer 160 in the positive direction. The lens 170 located in the peripheral region RE12 can focus light emitted obliquely upward from the light-emitting element 12 and incident through the coloring layer 160 in a predetermined angle θ direction.

[0134] In the central region RE11, the center of lens 170 is substantially aligned with the center of the light-emitting area of ​​light-emitting element 12 when viewed from above. On the other hand, in the peripheral region RE12, the center of lens 170 is offset towards the outer periphery of display area RE1 relative to the center of the light-emitting area of ​​light-emitting element 12 when viewed from above. As a result, as... Figure 4As illustrated, although the CRA of the central region RE11 is set to 0°, the CRA of the peripheral region RE12 is set to a predetermined angle θ. In order to set the CRA of the peripheral region RE12 to 50° or more, it is preferable that the offset D between the center of the light-emitting area of ​​the light-emitting element 12 and the center of the lens 170 in the peripheral region RE12 is greater than half of the spacing between the light-emitting elements 12.

[0135] When the lens array 17 is disposed on the first surface of the color filter 16, the offset of the center of the lens 170 relative to the center of the light-emitting area of ​​the light-emitting element 12 is preferably greater than the offset of the center of the color layer 160 relative to the center of the light-emitting area of ​​the light-emitting element 12. This allows for a reduction in light extraction loss due to light absorption (masking) by the color layer 160.

[0136] The focusing surface of lens 170 preferably has a convex curved surface shape. Examples of convex curved surface shapes include, but are not limited to, a basic parabolic shape, a basic hemispherical shape, etc. Here, a basic parabolic shape or a basic hemispherical shape is not limited to a parabolic shape or a hemispherical shape in a strict sense, but includes shapes that are visually recognizable as approximating a parabolic shape or a hemispherical shape. For example, such shapes include parabolic shapes or hemispherical shapes that are distorted or deformed within tolerances, errors, etc.

[0137] The refractive index n1 of lens 170 is higher than the refractive index n2 of light-transmitting layer 18. Because the refractive index n1 of lens 170 is higher than the refractive index n2 of light-transmitting layer 18, light can be refracted at the interface between lens 170 and light-transmitting layer 18, thereby achieving light focusing. Therefore, the light extraction function can be improved. The refractive index n1 of lens 170 is, for example, 1.55 or higher and 1.80 or lower. Refractive indices n1 and n2 each represent the average refractive index in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm.

[0138] The height H2 of the lens 170 located in the peripheral region RE12 is preferably smaller than the height H1 of the lens 170 located in the central region RE11. This makes the lens 170 located in the peripheral region RE12 less able to bend the light incident from the light-emitting element 12, thereby further allowing the CRA to tilt outward from the display region RE1.

[0139] Lens 170 comprises, for example, an inorganic or organic material that is transparent to visible light. Organic materials include, for example, photosensitive resins, such as UV-curable resins. Inorganic materials include, for example, materials selected from silicon nitride (SiN). x ), silicon oxynitride (SiO) x N y), or the like. The lens 170 may include a filler. By adjusting the content of the filler included in the lens 170, the refractive index of the lens 170 can be adjusted. The filler may be a hollow filler. The filler may be an inorganic filler. The inorganic filler includes, for example, at least one selected from the group including aluminum oxide (AlO x ), titanium oxide (TiO x ), zirconium oxide (ZrO x ), or the like.

[0140] (Light transmission layer 18)

[0141] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the light transmission layer 18. The light transmission layer 18 is provided on the condensing surfaces of the plurality of lenses 170 to cover the condensing surfaces of the plurality of lenses 170. The light transmission layer 18 is transmissive to each color light passing through the color filter 16.

[0142] The light transmission layer 18 includes a first layer (central layer) 181 covering the lens 170 located in the central region RE11 and a second layer (peripheral layer) 182 covering the lens 170 located in the peripheral region RE12. The thickness of the first layer 181 and the thickness of the second layer 182 are substantially the same, and the first surface of the first layer 181 and the first surface of the second layer 182 may be substantially coplanar. The first layer 181 has, for example, a circular shape in a plan view. The second layer 182 surrounds the first layer 181 in a plan view. The second layer 182 has a hole at the center in a plan view. The hole extends through the second layer 182 in the thickness direction and has a circular shape similar to that of the first layer 181 in a plan view. The first layer 181 is provided in the hole of the second layer 182.

[0143] The refractive index n 21 of the first layer 181 and the refractive index n 22 of the second layer 182 are lower than the refractive index n1 of the lens 170 (n 21 , n 22 < n1). The refractive index n 22 of the second layer 182 is higher than the refractive index n 21 of the first layer 181 (n 21 < n 22 ). Since the refractive index n 22 of the second layer 182 is higher than the refractive index n 21 of the first layer 181, the critical angle at the interface between the lens 170 and the second layer 182 can be made greater than the critical angle at the interface between the lens 170 and the first layer 181. As a result, the total reflection component at the condensing surface of the lens 170 in the peripheral region RE12 can be reduced, thereby allowing deterioration of the brightness viewing angle characteristics to be suppressed.

[0144] The refractive index n 21For example, a value above 1.20 and below 1.60. The refractive index n of the second layer (182) 22 For example, a value above 1.40 and below 1.75. Refractive index n 21 and n 22 Each represents the average refractive index in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm.

[0145] The first layer 181 and the second layer 182 each comprise an organic or inorganic material that is transparent to visible light. The organic material includes at least one of, for example, thermosetting resins or UV-curable resins. The inorganic material includes, for example, materials selected from silicon dioxide (SiO2). x ), silicon oxynitride (SiO) x N y At least one of the group consisting of, etc. The first layer 181 and the second layer 182 may each include a filler. The refractive index n of the first layer 181 can be adjusted by adjusting the content of the filler included in each of the first layer 181 and the second layer 182. 21 The refractive index n of the second layer 182 22 The packing material can be hollow packing. The packing material can be inorganic packing. Inorganic packing includes, for example, materials selected from silica (SiO2). x ), aluminum oxide (AlO) x Titanium oxide (TiO) x Zirconium oxide (ZrO) x At least one of the groups including (e.g.)

[0146] [Manufacturing method of display device 101]

[0147] Hereinafter, an example of a method of manufacturing a display device 101 according to one embodiment will be described.

[0148] (Forming process of the first electrode 121)

[0149] First, a metal layer and a metal oxide layer are sequentially formed on the first surface of the driving substrate 11 by, for example, sputtering, and then the metal layer and the metal oxide layer are patterned by, for example, photolithography. As a result, a plurality of first electrodes 121 are formed on the first surface of the driving substrate 11.

[0150] (The process of forming insulating layer 13)

[0151] Next, an insulating layer 13 is formed on the first surface of the driving substrate 11 by, for example, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to cover the plurality of first electrodes 121. Next, the insulating layer 13 is processed by photolithography to form an opening 13a on the first surface of each first electrode 121.

[0152] (Forming process of OLED layer 122)

[0153] Next, by means of, for example, vapor deposition, a hole injection layer 1221, a hole transport layer 1222, a red light-emitting layer 1220R, a light-emitting separation layer 1223, a blue light-emitting layer 1220B, a green light-emitting layer 1220G, an electron transport layer 1224, and an electron injection layer 1225 are sequentially stacked on the first surfaces of the plurality of first electrodes 121 and on the first surface of the insulating layer 13. As a result, an OLED layer 122 having a single-layer light-emitting unit U is formed. Note that the OLED layer 122 is not limited to an OLED layer having a single-layer light-emitting unit U, but can be an OLED layer having double-layer light-emitting units U1 and U2, or can be an OLED layer having a structure other than those described above.

[0154] (The process of forming the second electrode 123)

[0155] Next, for example, a second electrode 123 is formed on the first surface of the OLED layer 122 by vapor deposition or sputtering. As a result, a plurality of light-emitting elements 12 are formed on the first surface of the driving substrate 11.

[0156] (The process of forming protective layer 14)

[0157] Next, a protective layer 14 is formed on the first surface of the second electrode 123 by, for example, CVD or vapor deposition.

[0158] (Forming process of planarization layer 15)

[0159] Next, the resin composition is applied to the first surface of the protective layer 14 and then cured by, for example, light irradiation or heating to form a planarization layer 15.

[0160] (Forming process of color filter 16)

[0161] Next, a green resist is applied to the first surface of the planarization layer 15, and after pattern exposure using ultraviolet light through a photomask, development is performed to form a green color layer 160G. Next, a red resist is applied to the first surface of the planarization layer 15, and after pattern exposure using ultraviolet light through a photomask, development is performed to form a red color layer 160R. Next, a blue resist is applied to the first surface of the planarization layer 15, and after pattern exposure using ultraviolet light through a photomask, development is performed to form a blue color layer 160B. As a result, a color filter 16 is formed on the first surface of the planarization layer 15.

[0162] (Forming process of lens array 17)

[0163] Next, a photosensitive resin, serving as the lens material, is applied to the first surface of the color filter 16 by, for example, spin coating, and cured by light irradiation to form a photosensitive resin layer as the lens material layer. Next, the photosensitive resin layer is patterned using, for example, photolithography to form a plurality of pillars on the first surface of the color filter 16. Next, the plurality of pillars are processed into a convex curved shape by, for example, reflow (heat treatment) or etching. As a result, a plurality of lenses 170 are formed.

[0164] (Forming process of light transmission layer 18)

[0165] Next, the resin composition used for the formation of the first layer is applied and cured to cover the lens 170 located in the central region RE11 and the peripheral region RE12, thereby forming a refractive index n1 lower than that of the lens 170. 21 A low-refractive-index layer is then formed. Next, the low-refractive-index layer is patterned using, for example, photolithography, to form a layer with a refractive index n in the central region RE11. 21 The first layer 181. Next, a resin composition for forming the second layer is applied and cured to cover the lens 170 located in the peripheral region RE12, thereby forming a layer having a refractive index n1 lower than that of the lens 170 and a refractive index n higher than that of the first layer 181. 21 refractive index n 22 An intermediate refractive index layer is then formed. Next, the intermediate refractive index layer is patterned using, for example, photolithography, to form a layer with a refractive index n in the peripheral region RE12. 22 The second layer 182. Through the above process, a display device 101 according to one embodiment is obtained.

[0166] [Effect]

[0167] In a display device 101 according to one embodiment, the display area RE1 includes a central area RE11 and a peripheral area RE12 located outside the central area RE11, and the center of the lens 170 located in the peripheral area RE12 is offset towards the outer periphery of the display area RE1 relative to the center of the light-emitting area of ​​the lens 170 when viewed from above. This allows for... Figure 4 and Figure 5 As illustrated in Figure B, the CRA is tilted outward in the peripheral region RE12. Therefore, the FOV of the display device 101 can be increased.

[0168] The refractive index n of the second layer 182 covering the lens 170 located in the peripheral region RE12 22 The refractive index n is higher than that of the first layer 181 covering the lens 170 located in the central region RE11. 21This allows the critical angle at the interface between lens 170 and the second layer 182 to be greater than the critical angle at the interface between lens 170 and the first layer 181. Therefore, the total internal reflection component at the focusing surface of lens 170 in the peripheral region RE12 can be reduced, thereby allowing suppression of the degradation of brightness viewing angle characteristics. Specifically, for example, as... Figure 8 As illustrated in the diagram, the brightness viewing angle is improved on the side opposite to the tilt direction of CRA (the center side of display area RE1). Note that... Figure 8 The white circles in the diagram represent examples of the brightness and viewing angle characteristics of a display device 101 according to one embodiment. Note that... Figure 8 The black circle in the diagram represents the brightness and viewing angle characteristics of the display device 101A according to Comparative Example 2 above (see [link]). Figure 2 Example B).

[0169] In the display device 101A according to Comparative Example 2, the light transmission layer 18 only includes a first layer 181. This configuration improves the light-gathering performance of the lens 170 in the peripheral region RE12, resulting in an increase in the extraction efficiency (brightness) of the peripheral region RE12. Therefore, if the display device 101A according to Comparative Example 2 is used in a high-brightness (high-current) region and the brightness reduction caused by IR drop occurs in the central region RE11, there is a possibility of deterioration in the brightness uniformity between the central region RE11 and the peripheral region RE12.

[0170] In a display device 101 according to one embodiment, the refractive index n of the second layer 182 in the peripheral region RE12 is... 22 The refractive index n is higher than that of the first layer 181 in the central region RE11. 21 This configuration reduces the light-gathering performance of the lens 170 in the peripheral region RE12, resulting in a decrease in the extraction efficiency (brightness) of the peripheral region RE12. Therefore, even when the display device 101 according to one embodiment is used in a high-brightness (high-current) region and the brightness reduction caused by IR drop occurs in the central region RE11, the brightness uniformity between the central region RE11 and the peripheral region RE12 is improved.

[0171] <4 Variations>

[0172] [Variation Example 1]

[0173] In one embodiment, an example has been described in which the thickness of the first layer 181 is substantially the same as the thickness of the second layer 182 and the first surfaces of the first layer 181 and the second layer 182 are substantially coplanar (see [link to example]). Figure 7 However, the construction of the light-transmitting layer 18 is not limited to this example, and for example, the light-transmitting layer 18 may have the following construction.

[0174] like Figure 9 A and Figure 9 As illustrated in Figure B, the second layer 182 can cover both the lens 170 located in the peripheral region RE12 and the first surface of the first layer 181. The first surface of the second layer 182 (the surface on the side opposite to the light-emitting element 12) can be as follows: Figure 9 The flat surface shown in Figure A, or as... Figure 9 The convex curved surface shown in Figure B.

[0175] Figure 9 A and Figure 9 The light-transmitting layer 18 illustrated in B is formed, for example, in the following manner. First, as in one embodiment, a layer with a refractive index n is formed in the central region RE11. 21 The first layer 181. Next, a resin composition for the formation of the second layer is applied and cured to cover both the first surface of the first layer 181 formed in the central region RE11 and the lens 170 located in the peripheral region RE12, thereby forming a layer having a refractive index n1 lower than that of the lens 170 and a refractive index n1 higher than that of the first layer 181. 21 refractive index n 22 The second layer, 182.

[0176] like Figure 10 A and Figure 10 As illustrated in Figure B, the first layer 181 can cover both the lens 170 located in the central region RE11 and the first surface of the second layer 182. The first surface of the first layer 181 (the surface on the side opposite to the light-emitting element 12) can be as follows: Figure 10 The flat surface shown in Figure A, or as... Figure 10 The concave curved surface shown in Figure B.

[0177] like Figure 10 A and Figure 10 The light-transmitting layer 18 illustrated in Figure B is formed, for example, in the following manner. First, a resin composition for the formation of the second layer is applied and cured to cover the lens 170 in the central region RE11 and the peripheral region RE12, thereby forming a refractive index n1 lower than that of the lens 170. 22 The intermediate refractive index layer is then formed. Next, the intermediate refractive index layer is patterned using, for example, photolithography to form a refractive index n in the peripheral region RE12. 22 The second layer 182. Next, a resin composition for the formation of the first layer is applied and cured to cover both the first surface of the second layer 182 formed in the peripheral region RE12 and the lens 170 located in the central region RE11, thereby forming a refractive index n1 lower than that of the lens 170 and a refractive index n of the second layer 182. 22 refractive index n 21 The first layer is 181.

[0178] [Variation Example 2]

[0179] In one embodiment, an example has been described in which the interface formed by the outer peripheral surface of the first layer 181 and the inner peripheral surface of the second layer 182 is perpendicular to the first surface of the driving substrate 11 (see [link]). Figure 4 However, the interface formed by the outer peripheral surface of the first layer 181 and the inner peripheral surface of the second layer 182 is not limited to this example. For example, the interface formed between the outer peripheral surface of the first layer 181 and the inner peripheral surface of the second layer 182 can be as follows: Figure 11 As illustrated in Figure A, it is tilted towards the center of the display area RE, or it can be as follows: Figure 11 As illustrated in Figure B, the interface is tilted outwards towards the display area RE. When the interface is tilted towards the center of the display area RE, the second layer 182 can cover both the lens 170 located in the peripheral area RE12 and the first surface of the first layer 181. When the interface is tilted outwards towards the display area RE, the first layer 181 can cover both the lens 170 located in the central area RE11 and the first surface of the second layer 182.

[0180] [Variation Example 3]

[0181] In one embodiment, an example has been described where the outer periphery of the central region RE11 and the inner periphery of the peripheral region RE12 have a substantially circular shape when viewed from above (see [link]). Figure 3 However, the shapes of the outer perimeter of the central region RE11 and the inner perimeter of the peripheral region RE12 are not limited to this example. For example, the outer perimeter of the central region RE11 and the inner perimeter of the peripheral region RE12 can have a basic rectangular shape when viewed from above, such as... Figure 12 As illustrated in the diagram. The outer perimeter of the central region RE11 and the inner perimeter of the peripheral region RE12 can have a raised or recessed pattern when viewed from above, as shown in the diagram. Figure 13 As illustrated in the figure. As described above, since the outer periphery of the first layer 181 and the inner periphery of the second layer 182 have a raised and recessed pattern, the visibility of the boundary between the outer periphery of the central region RE11 and the inner periphery of the peripheral region RE12 can be suppressed.

[0182] [Variation Example 4]

[0183] In one embodiment, an example has been described where the display area RE1 has a central area RE11 and a peripheral area RE12, and the light transmission layer 18 includes a first layer 181 disposed in the central area RE11 and a second layer 182 disposed in the peripheral area RE12 (see [link to example]). Figure 3 and Figure 7 However, the construction of the display region RE1 and the light-transmitting layer 18 is not limited to this example. For example, as Figure 14 and Figure 15As illustrated, the display area RE1 may also have an intermediate region (third region) RE13 between the central region RE11 and the peripheral region RE12, and the light transmission layer 18 may also include a third layer 183 disposed in the intermediate region RE13.

[0184] The third layer 183 covers the lens 170 located in the intermediate region RE13. The refractive index n of the third layer 183 is... 23 The refractive index n is higher than 181 of the first layer. 21 And the refractive index n is lower than that of the second layer (182). 22 (n) 21 <n 23 <n 22 ).

[0185] Figure 14 The illustration shows an example where the third layer 183 has a ring-shaped form when viewed from above, but the shape of the third layer 183 is not limited to this example. For example, as shown... Figure 16 As illustrated, the third layer 183 can have a basic square ring shape when viewed from above, or it can have a basic polygonal ring shape other than a basic square ring shape.

[0186] [Variation Example 5]

[0187] In one embodiment, an example has been described in which lens 170 is a convex lens having a convex focusing surface on the side opposite to the light-emitting element 12 (see [link]). Figure 5 A and Figure 5 B). However, the shape of lens 170 is not limited to this example. For example, as Figure 17 A and Figure 17 As illustrated in Figure B, lens 170 can be a convex lens with a convex focusing surface on the side of the light-emitting element 12. In this case, a light-transmitting layer 18 can be provided between the color filter 16 and the lens array 17. A glass substrate (not shown) can be provided on the first surface of the lens array 17.

[0188] In the central region RE11, such as Figure 17 As illustrated in Figure A, the center of lens 170 substantially coincides with the center of the light-emitting area of ​​light-emitting element 12 when viewed from above. On the other hand, in the peripheral region RE12, as... Figure 17 As shown in Figure B, the center of lens 170 is offset towards the outer periphery of display area RE1 relative to the center of the light-emitting area of ​​light-emitting element 12 when viewed from above.

[0189] The refractive index n1 of lens 170 is higher than the refractive index n2 of light transmission layer 18. Because the refractive index n1 of lens 170 is higher than the refractive index n2 of light transmission layer 18, light can be refracted at the interface between the refractive index n2 of light transmission layer 18 and lens 170, thereby achieving light focusing. Therefore, the light extraction function can be improved.

[0190] Lens 170, located in the central region RE11, is embedded in the first layer 181. Lens 170, located in the peripheral region RE12, is embedded in the second layer 182. The refractive index n1 of lens 170 and the refractive index n of the first layer 181 are... 21 The refractive index n of the second layer 182 22 The relationship between them is similar to the relationship in an embodiment.

[0191] To facilitate understanding of the effects of the display device 101 according to Modified Example 5 having the above-described structure, the problems of the display device 101A according to Comparative Example 3 will be described.

[0192] In the display device 101A according to Comparative Example 3, the light transmission layer 18 includes only the first layer 181, and the refractive index n of the light transmission layer 18 in the central region RE11 is... 22 The refractive index n of the light transmission layer 18 in the peripheral region RE12 and 22 Same. Therefore, as Figure 18 As illustrated in the diagram, in the peripheral region RE12, when the center of lens 170 is offset relative to the center of the light-emitting area of ​​light-emitting element 12 when viewed from above, some light incident from light-emitting element 12 onto lens 170 is guided by the convex focusing surface of lens 170 to the side of display device 101A. Therefore, it is difficult to focus the light incident from light-emitting element 12 onto lens 170 in a predetermined tilt direction (in the predetermined CRA direction), resulting in deterioration of brightness and viewing angle characteristics (see...). Figure 18 (The arrow in the image).

[0193] In the display device 101 according to Modification 5, the light transmission layer 18 includes a first layer 181 in which a lens 170 is embedded in the central region RE11 and a second layer 182 in which a lens 170 is embedded in the peripheral region RE12, and the refractive index n of the second layer 182 is... 22 The refractive index n is higher than 181 of the first layer. 21 As a result, light incident on the lens 170 from the light-emitting element 12 can be easily focused in a predetermined tilt direction (in the direction of the predetermined CRA), allowing for suppression of degradation in brightness viewing angle characteristics (see...). Figure 17 (The arrow in B).

[0194] [Variation Example 6]

[0195] The display device 101 may further include a substrate. The substrate may be disposed on a first surface of the light-transmitting layer 18. In this case, the light-transmitting layer 18 may serve as an adhesive layer for bonding the lens array 17 and the substrate. The substrate seals the first surface of the driving substrate 11 on which a plurality of light-emitting elements 12, etc., are disposed. The substrate is transmissive to each color of light emitted from the color filter 16. The substrate may be, for example, a glass substrate.

[0196] [Variation Example 7]

[0197] From the viewpoint of improving light extraction efficiency and / or improving color purity, the light-emitting element 12 may have a resonator structure. Here, the term "and / or" means "at least one", and for example, when the term is used in the phrase "X and / or Y", the phrase means any one of the following three cases: "X only", "Y only", or "X and Y".

[0198] When the first electrode 121 is used as a reflective electrode for the reflective layer, the resonator structure can be constructed from the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123. In this case, the optical distance between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 can be set by the thickness of the OLED layer 122, by the selection of the material of the first electrode 121, or by a combination thereof.

[0199] When the first electrode 121 is a transparent electrode, a reflective layer can be disposed below the transparent electrode, and the resonator structure can be constructed from the reflective layer and the second electrode 123. In this case, the optical distance between the reflective layer and the second electrode 123 can be set by the thickness of the OLED layer 122, by the selection of the material of the reflective layer, by the thickness of the insulating layer disposed between the first electrode 121 (transparent electrode) and the reflective layer, or by a combination of two or more of these.

[0200] [Variation Example 8]

[0201] In one embodiment, an example has been described in which the display device 101 includes a plurality of light-emitting elements 12 capable of emitting white light and a color filter 16, and a color image can be displayed by combination thereof; however, the method of colorizing the display device 101 is not limited thereto. For example, instead of the plurality of light-emitting elements 12, the display device 101 may include a plurality of light-emitting elements capable of emitting red light, a plurality of light-emitting elements capable of emitting green light, and a plurality of light-emitting elements capable of emitting blue light. In this case, a color filter may or may not be provided.

[0202] Examples of light-emitting elements include: (1) a light-emitting element comprising a light-emitting layer capable of emitting light of a predetermined color (red, green, or blue); (2) a light-emitting element comprising a light-emitting layer capable of emitting white light, wherein the light-emitting element is capable of enhancing light (red, green, or blue light) of a predetermined wavelength contained in the white light emitted by the light-emitting layer through resonance in a resonator structure; and (3) a light-emitting element comprising a light-emitting layer capable of emitting light (red, green, or blue light) of a predetermined color, wherein the light-emitting element is capable of enhancing light of a predetermined wavelength contained in the light of the predetermined color emitted by the light-emitting layer through resonance in a resonator structure.

[0203] [Variation Example 9]

[0204] In one embodiment, an example in which a color filter 16 is arranged has been described; however, a quantum dot layer may be arranged instead of a color filter 16, or a quantum dot layer may be arranged together with a color filter 16. The quantum dot layer comprises quantum dots (semiconductor particles) and can convert the color of light emitted from a plurality of light-emitting elements. In this case, the plurality of light-emitting elements 12 may be configured to emit blue light.

[0205] [Variation Example 10]

[0206] In one embodiment, the light-emitting element 12 has been described as an example of an OLED element, but the light-emitting element is not limited to this example and can be, for example, a self-emissive light-emitting element, such as a light-emitting diode (LED) element, an inorganic electroluminescent (IEL) element, a quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) element, or a semiconductor laser element, etc. The display device may be provided with two or more types of light-emitting elements.

[0207] [Variation Example 11]

[0208] In a method for manufacturing a display device 101 according to one embodiment, an example has been described where a second layer 182 is formed after a first layer 181 is formed. However, the method for forming the light-transmitting layer 18 is not limited to this example, and the first layer 181 may be formed after the second layer 182 is formed.

[0209] Specifically, the light-transmitting layer 18 can be formed as follows. First, a resin composition for the formation of the second layer is applied and cured to cover the lens 170 located in the central region RE11 and the peripheral region RE12, thereby forming a refractive index n that is lower than the refractive index n1 of the lens 170. 22 An intermediate refractive index layer is then formed. Next, the intermediate refractive index layer is patterned using, for example, photolithography, to form a layer with a refractive index n in the peripheral region RE12. 22The second layer 182. Next, the resin composition used for the formation of the first layer is applied and cured to cover the lens 170 located in the central region RE11, thereby forming a layer having a refractive index n1 of the lens 170 and a refractive index n of the second layer 182. 22 Both have low refractive index n 21 A low-refractive-index layer is then formed. Next, the low-refractive-index layer is patterned using, for example, photolithography, to form a layer with a refractive index n in the central region RE11. 21 The first layer 181. Through the above process, a light-transmitting layer 18 is formed on the first surface of the lens array 17.

[0210] [Other variations]

[0211] Although an embodiment and its variations (hereinafter referred to as "an embodiment, etc.") of this disclosure have been specifically described above, this disclosure is not limited to an embodiment, etc., and various variations based on the technical ideas of this disclosure are possible.

[0212] For example, the structure, method, process, shape, material, and values ​​in one embodiment are merely examples, and different structures, methods, processes, shapes, materials, and values ​​may be used as needed.

[0213] The construction, method, process, shape, material, values, etc. of an embodiment can be combined with each other without departing from the spirit of this disclosure.

[0214] Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, any material illustrated in an embodiment, etc., may be used alone or in combination with two or more other materials.

[0215] In addition, the present disclosure may also employ the following construction. (1)

[0217] A display device, comprising:

[0218] Multiple light-emitting elements are arranged in the display area;

[0219] Multiple focusing elements concentrate the light emitted from each of the multiple light-emitting elements; and

[0220] A light-transmitting layer is adjacent to the focusing surface of the plurality of focusing elements, wherein...

[0221] The display area includes a first area and a second area located outside the first area.

[0222] The center of each of the light-concentrating elements located in the second region is offset towards the outer periphery of the display area relative to the center of the light-emitting area of ​​the corresponding light-emitting element when viewed from above.

[0223] The refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the second region is higher than that of the light-transmitting layer in the first region. (2)

[0225] According to the display device described in (1), wherein

[0226] The light-transmitting layer includes:

[0227] The first layer is adjacent to the focusing surface of the focusing element located in the first region; and

[0228] The second layer is adjacent to the focusing surface of the focusing element located in the second region, and

[0229] The refractive index of the second layer is higher than that of the first layer. (3)

[0231] According to the display device described in (2), wherein

[0232] The second layer covers the first layer. (4)

[0234] According to the display device described in (3), wherein

[0235] The second layer has a convex curved surface on the side opposite to the light-emitting element side. (5)

[0237] According to the display device described in (2), wherein

[0238] The first layer covers the second layer. (6)

[0240] According to the display device described in (5), wherein

[0241] The first layer has a concave curved surface on the side opposite to the light-emitting element side. (7)

[0243] The display device according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein

[0244] The focusing surface of the light-concentrating element is convex on the side opposite to the light-emitting element side. (8)

[0246] The display device according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein

[0247] The focusing surface of the light-concentrating element is convex on the side of the light-emitting element. (9)

[0249] The display device according to any one of (2) to (6), wherein

[0250] The first layer has a basically circular shape when viewed from above. (10)

[0252] The display device according to any one of (2) to (6), wherein

[0253] The second layer surrounds the first layer when viewed from above. (11)

[0255] The display device according to any one of (1) to (10), wherein

[0256] The height of the focusing element located in the second region is less than the height of the focusing element located in the first region. (12)

[0258] The display device according to any one of (1) to (11), wherein

[0259] The offset D between the center of each of the light-emitting areas in the second region and the center of the corresponding light-concentrating element is greater than half the spacing between the light-emitting elements. (13)

[0261] The display device according to any one of (1) to (12) further includes:

[0262] A color filter is disposed above the plurality of light-emitting elements. (14)

[0264] The display device according to any one of (1) to (13), wherein

[0265] The refractive index of the plurality of focusing elements is higher than that of the light-transmitting layer. (15)

[0267] An electronic device comprising a display device according to any one of (1) to (14).

[0268] <5 Examples of inter-pixel structures to prevent inter-pixel leakage>

[0269] According to one embodiment, the OLED layer 122 of the display device 101 extends across adjacent light-emitting elements 12 in the in-plane direction on the first surface of the driving substrate 11, serving as a layer shared by a plurality of light-emitting elements 12. Therefore, in the display device 101 according to one embodiment, there is a possibility of current leakage between adjacent light-emitting elements 12. Hereinafter, examples of leakage suppression structures for suppressing such current leakage between light-emitting elements 12 will be described. Note that in the first to seventh examples below, examples will be described where the OLED layer 122 includes two light-emitting units U1 and U2.

[0270] (Leakage suppression structure: first example)

[0271] Figure 19 This is a cross-sectional view of a first example of a leakage suppression structure. Note that, in Figure 19 In the illustrations, the layer above the second electrode 123 is omitted. Similarly, in the cross-sectional views used to describe the leakage suppression structures of the second to ninth examples, the layer above the second electrode 123 is omitted.

[0272] The insulating layer 13 has an opening 13a on each first electrode 121 and covers the first electrode 121 from the periphery of the first surface of the first electrode 121 to the side surface (end face) of the first electrode 121. Specifically, the insulating layer 13 includes a sidewall portion 13b and an extension portion 13c. The sidewall portion 13b extends perpendicularly to the first surface of the driving substrate 11 to cover the side surface of the first electrode 121. The extension portion 13c extends from the upper end of the inner peripheral surface of the sidewall portion 13b toward the center of the first surface of the first electrode 121 to cover the periphery of the first surface of the first electrode 121.

[0273] The inner periphery of the opening 13a of the insulating layer 13 has an eave-shaped protrusion 132b that projects toward the center of the opening 13a. The protrusion 132b is spaced apart from the first surface of the first electrode 121. The protrusion 132b is preferably provided along the entire periphery of the opening 13a, but it may also be provided along a portion of the entire periphery of the opening 13a.

[0274] The OLED layer 122 includes a light-emitting unit U1 and a charge-generating layer 1227 due to protrusion 132b ( Figure 19 The region A) shown in the figure becomes discontinuous or highly resistive. This allows for suppression of current leakage between adjacent light-emitting elements 12. Here, becoming highly resistive means that the light-emitting unit U1 and the charge-generating layer 1227 become highly resistive due to the thickness of the electrode film at the protrusion 132b. The protrusion 132b can cause the light-emitting unit U1 and the charge-generating layer 1227 to become discontinuous or highly resistive due to the shielding effect during the deposition of the OLED layer 122. A gap 132c can be formed between the protrusion 132b and the first electrode 121.

[0275] An insulating layer 13 is formed by sequentially stacking a first insulating layer 131 and a second insulating layer 132 on the first surface of the driving substrate 11 and the first surface of the first electrode 121. The first insulating layer 131 has a plurality of first openings 131a. The second insulating layer 132 has a plurality of second openings 132a. The openings 13a include first openings 131a and second openings 132a that overlap each other. The inner periphery of the second opening 132a of the second insulating layer 132 protrudes toward the inside of the opening 13a relative to the inner periphery of the first opening 131a of the first insulating layer 131 to form a protrusion 132b.

[0276] (Leakage suppression structure: second example)

[0277] Figure 20 This is a cross-sectional view of a second example of a leakage suppression structure. The second example differs from the first example in that the insulating layer 13 includes a third insulating layer 133 in addition to the first insulating layer 131 and the second insulating layer 132.

[0278] A third insulating layer 133 is disposed between the driving substrate 11 and the first insulating layer 131, and between the first electrode 121 and the first insulating layer 131. The third insulating layer 133 has a third opening 133a on the first surface of the first electrode 121. In a second example, the opening 13a includes a first opening 131a, a second opening 132a, and a third opening 133a that overlap each other. The inner periphery of the third opening 133a protrudes inward relative to the inner periphery of the first opening 131a. A gap 132c may be formed between the protrusion 132b and the third insulating layer 133.

[0279] (Leakage suppression structures: third and fourth examples)

[0280] In the first and second examples, an example has been described where the inner periphery of the opening 13a of the insulating layer 13 has one protrusion 132b. However, the number of protrusions included in the inner periphery of the opening 13a of the insulating layer 13 is not limited to these examples, and the inner periphery of the opening 13a of the insulating layer 13 may include two or more protrusions. Hereinafter, an example (third example) where the inner periphery of the opening 13a of the insulating layer 13 has two protrusions and an example (fourth example) where the inner periphery of the opening 13a of the insulating layer 13 has three protrusions will be described.

[0281] Figure 21This is a cross-sectional view of a third example of a leakage suppression structure. The third example differs from the second example in that the insulating layer 13 has a fourth insulating layer 134 and a fifth insulating layer 135 stacked sequentially on the first surface of the second insulating layer 132, and the inner periphery of the opening 13a of the insulating layer 13 has two eave-shaped protrusions 132b and 135b.

[0282] The light-emitting unit U1 and charge-generating layer 1227 included in the OLED layer 122 become discontinuous or highly resistive due to protrusions 132b and 135b. Protrusion 135b is disposed at a position higher than protrusion 132b with reference to the first surface of the first electrode 121 and is spaced apart from the first surface of the second insulating layer 132. Protrusion 135b is recessed relative to protrusion 132b in a direction away from the center of opening 13a.

[0283] The fourth insulating layer 134 has a fourth opening 134a. The fifth insulating layer 135 has a fifth opening 135a. In the third example, the opening 13a includes a first opening 131a, a second opening 132a, a third opening 133a, a fourth opening 134a, and a fifth opening 135a that overlap each other. The inner periphery of the fourth opening 134a is recessed relative to the inner periphery of the second opening 132a and the inner periphery of the fifth opening 135a in a direction away from the center of the opening 13a. The inner periphery of the fifth opening 135a protrudes relative to the fourth opening 134a toward the inside of the opening 13a to form a protrusion 135b.

[0284] Figure 22 This is a cross-sectional view of a fourth example of a leakage suppression structure. The fourth example differs from the third example in that the insulating layer 13 has a sixth insulating layer 136 and a seventh insulating layer 137 stacked sequentially on the first surface of the fifth insulating layer 135, and the inner periphery of the opening 13a of the insulating layer 13 includes three eave-shaped protrusions 132b, 135b and 137b.

[0285] The light-emitting unit U1 and charge-generating layer 1227 included in the OLED layer 122 become discontinuous or highly resistive due to protrusions 132b, 135b, and 137b. Protrusion 137b is disposed at a position higher than protrusion 135b with reference to the first surface of the first electrode 121 and is spaced apart from the first surface of the fifth insulating layer 135. Protrusion 137b is recessed relative to protrusion 135b in a direction away from the center of the opening 13a.

[0286] The sixth insulating layer 136 has a sixth opening 136a. The seventh insulating layer 137 has a seventh opening 137a. In the fourth example, the opening 13a includes a first opening 131a, a second opening 132a, a third opening 133a, a fourth opening 134a, a fifth opening 135a, a sixth opening 136a, and a seventh opening 137a that overlap each other. The inner periphery of the sixth opening 136a is recessed relative to the inner periphery of the fifth opening 135a and the inner periphery of the seventh opening 137a in a direction away from the center of the opening 13a. The inner periphery of the seventh opening 137a protrudes relative to the sixth opening 136a toward the inside of the opening 13a to form a protrusion 137b.

[0287] (Leakage suppression structure: Fifth example)

[0288] Figure 23 This is a cross-sectional view of the fifth example of the leakage suppression structure. The fifth example differs from the second example in that the insulating layer 13 has an eighth insulating layer 138 in addition to the first insulating layer 131, the second insulating layer 132 and the third insulating layer 133, and the inner periphery of the opening 13a of the insulating layer 13 has two eave-shaped protrusions 132b and 133b.

[0289] The light-emitting unit U1 and charge-generating layer 1227 included in the OLED layer 122 become discontinuous or highly resistive due to protrusions 132b and 133b. Protrusion 133b protrudes towards the inside of the opening 13a relative to protrusion 132b. Protrusion 133b is disposed at a position lower than protrusion 132b with reference to the first surface of the first electrode 121. Protrusion 133b is spaced apart from the first surface of the first electrode 121.

[0290] An eighth insulating layer 138 is disposed between the driving substrate 11 and the third insulating layer 133, and between the first electrode 121 and the third insulating layer 133. The eighth insulating layer 138 has an eighth opening 138a. In the fifth example, the opening 13a includes a first opening 131a, a second opening 132a, a third opening 133a, and an eighth opening 138a that overlap each other. The inner periphery of the third opening 133a of the third insulating layer 133 protrudes toward the inside of the opening 13a relative to the inner periphery of the eighth opening 138a of the eighth insulating layer 138 to form a protrusion 133b.

[0291] (Leakage suppression structure: sixth example)

[0292] Figure 24 This is a cross-sectional view of a sixth example of a leakage suppression structure. The sixth example differs from the first example in that the insulating layer 13 has a protrusion 13b1 on the outer periphery of the sidewall portion 13b, instead of a protrusion 132b on the inner periphery of the opening 13a. Figure 24The illustration shows an example of an insulating layer 13 having a single-layer structure, but it can have a stacked structure of two or more layers.

[0293] The protrusion 13b1 protrudes outward from the outer periphery of the sidewall portion 13b. The recess 13b2 is provided at a predetermined distance below the upper end of the outer periphery of the sidewall portion 13b. By providing the recess 13b2 in the outer periphery of the sidewall portion 13b in this way, the protrusion 13b1 is formed at the upper end of the outer periphery of the sidewall portion 13b. Preferably, the protrusion 13b1 and the recess 13b2 are provided along the entire outer periphery of the sidewall portion 13b, but they may be provided along a portion of the entire outer periphery of the sidewall portion 13b.

[0294] The OLED layer 122 includes a light-emitting unit U1 and a charge-generating layer 1227 due to protrusion 132b ( Figure 24 The region A shown in the figure becomes discontinuous or highly resistive. This allows for the suppression of current leakage between adjacent light-emitting elements 12.

[0295] In the sixth example, an example has been described where the outer periphery of the sidewall portion 13b has one protrusion 13b1 and one recess 13b2. However, the number of protrusions 13b1 and recesses 13b2 included in the outer periphery of the sidewall portion 13b is not limited to this example, and the outer periphery of the sidewall portion 13b may include two or more protrusions 13b1 and two or more recesses 13b2. In this case, two or more recesses 13b2 may be sequentially provided from the upper end to the lower end of the outer periphery of the sidewall portion 13b at predetermined intervals.

[0296] (Leakage suppression structure: Seventh example)

[0297] Figure 25 This is a cross-sectional view of a seventh example of a leakage suppression structure. A trench 13Gv is disposed between adjacent light-emitting elements 12. The trench 13Gv can be disposed between adjacent light-emitting elements 12 in a predetermined direction (e.g., the Y-axis direction), or it can be configured to surround the light-emitting elements 12. The trench 13Gv is formed across insulating layer 13 and insulating layer 112.

[0298] The light-emitting unit U1 and charge-generating layer 1227 included in the OLED layer 122 become discontinuous or highly resistive due to the trench 13Gv. This allows for suppression of current leakage between adjacent light-emitting elements 12. Here, becoming highly resistive means, as... Figure 26 As illustrated, the light-emitting unit U1 and the charge-generating layer 1227 become highly resistive due to their extremely thin film thickness in the trench 13Gv. Among the layers included in the OLED layer 122, the light-emitting unit U2, located above the charge-generating layer 1227, extends across the trench 13Gv.

[0299] (Leakage suppression structure: Eighth example)

[0300] Figure 27 This is a cross-sectional view of an eighth example of a leakage suppression structure. Multiple wirings 112a, multiple contact plugs 112b, and multiple contact electrodes 112c are disposed in an insulating layer 112. Each contact plug 112b is electrically connected to a first electrode 121 and a wiring 112a. Trench 13Gv is disposed between adjacent light-emitting elements 12. The bottom surface of the trench 13Gv is formed by the first surface of the contact electrode 112c. An auxiliary electrode 112d is disposed on the side surface of each trench 13Gv. The auxiliary electrode 112d contacts the first surface of the contact electrode 112c.

[0301] The OLED layer 122 becomes discontinuous due to the trench 13Gv. Although Figure 27 The illustration shows an example where the second electrode 123 is also discontinuous due to the trench 13Gv; however, the second electrode 123 may not be discontinuous due to the trench 13Gv and may extend across adjacent light-emitting elements 12. The second electrode 123 contacts the auxiliary electrode 112d on the side of the trench 13Gv. Furthermore, the second electrode 123 contacts the contact electrode 112c on the bottom surface of the trench 13Gv. A protective layer 14 may be disposed on the first surface of the second electrode 123 to conform to the second electrode 123.

[0302] In the eighth example, leakage current can be directed between the auxiliary electrode 112d and the contact electrode 112c between adjacent light-emitting elements 12. Therefore, leakage current between adjacent light-emitting elements 12 can be suppressed.

[0303] (Leakage suppression structure: Example 9)

[0304] Figure 28 This is a cross-sectional view of a ninth example of a leakage suppression structure. In this ninth example, the display device 101 includes a plurality of third electrodes 124. Similar to a plurality of first electrodes 121, the plurality of third electrodes 124 are disposed on the second surface side of the OLED layer 122. Each of the third electrodes 124 is arranged between adjacent first electrodes 121.

[0305] Figure 29 This is a plan view illustrating the arrangement of the first electrode 121 and the third electrode 124. The plurality of third electrodes 124 are island-shaped electrode groups having an area smaller than that of the first electrode 121. In top view, the plurality of third electrodes 124 are regularly arranged at equal intervals from adjacent first electrodes 121. From another viewpoint, in top view, the plurality of third electrodes 124 are arranged at predetermined distances around each first electrode 121.

[0306] Multiple wirings 112a, multiple wirings 112e, multiple contact plugs 112b, and multiple contact plugs 112f are disposed in the insulating layer 112. Each contact plug 112b is electrically connected to the first electrode 121 and wiring 112a. Each contact plug 112f is electrically connected to the third electrode 124 and wiring 112e.

[0307] Multiple third electrodes 124 are connected to the internal circuitry of the display device 101 via contact plugs 112f, wiring 112e, etc., and are set to a common fixed potential. Specifically, when a voltage is applied to the OLED layer 122, the potential of the third electrodes 124 is set to a value lower than that obtained by applying a threshold voltage for the OLED layer 122 to the potential of the second electrode 123. Therefore, even when applying a voltage to the OLED layer 122 via the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 causes leakage current to flow from the first electrode 121, the leakage current preferentially flows to the third electrode 124. Thus, leakage current is prevented from flowing from one first electrode 121 to an adjacent first electrode 121.

[0308] (Leakage suppression structure: other examples)

[0309] In the first to seventh examples, examples have been described in which the OLED layer 122 includes two layers of light-emitting units U1 and U2. However, the construction of the OLED layer 122 is not limited to these examples, and the OLED layer 122 may have a single layer of light-emitting units U, or it may have three or more layers of light-emitting units U.

[0310] In the first to seventh examples, examples have been described where the light-emitting unit U1 and the charge-generating layer 1227 included in the OLED layer 122 become discontinuous or highly resistive due to the protrusions 132b, 133b, 135b, 137b, and 13b1 and the trench 13Gv (hereinafter referred to as "protrusion 132b, trench 13Gv, etc."). However, the layers that become discontinuous or highly resistive due to the protrusions 132b, trench 13Gv, etc. are not limited to these examples. For example, the hole injection layer 1221 or the hole transport layer 1222 included in the OLED layer 122 may become discontinuous or highly resistive due to the protrusions 132b, trench 13Gv, etc., or both the hole injection layer 1221 and the hole transport layer 1222 included in the OLED layer 122 may become discontinuous or highly resistive due to the protrusions 132b, trench 13Gv, etc. When the OLED layer 122 includes three or more light-emitting units U, the two or more light-emitting units U and the two or more charge-generating layers 1227 included in the OLED layer 122 may become discontinuous or highly resistive due to protrusions 132b, trenches 13Gv, etc.

[0311] <6 Examples of Resonator Structures>

[0312] According to one embodiment, the sub-pixels 10 included in the display device 101 may have a configuration including a resonator structure that causes the light generated by the light-emitting element 12 to resonate. The resonator structure will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, in the following description, the first surface of each layer may be referred to as the upper surface.

[0313] (Resonator structure: First example)

[0314] Figure 30 A is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe a first example of the resonator structure. In the following description, unless otherwise specifically distinguished, the light-emitting elements provided for sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B may be simply referred to as light-emitting element 12. When distinguishing the light-emitting elements provided for sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B, the light-emitting element may be referred to as light-emitting element 12 respectively. R 12 G and 12 B The portion of OLED layer 122 corresponding to sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B can be referred to as OLED layer 122. R 122 G and 122 B .

[0315] In the first example, the first electrode 121 is formed with a uniform film thickness across the light-emitting element 12. The same applies to the second electrode 123.

[0316] A reflector 71 is disposed below the first electrode 121 of the light-emitting element 12, and an optical adjustment layer 72 is interposed therebetween. A resonator structure for resonating the light generated by the OLED layer 122 is formed between the reflector 71 and the second electrode 123. In the following description, the optical adjustment layer 72 disposed for sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B may be referred to as optical adjustment layer 72, respectively. R 72 G and 72 B .

[0317] The reflector 71 is formed with a uniform film thickness across each light-emitting element 12. The thickness of the optical adjustment layer 72 varies in a manner that depends on the color to be displayed by the sub-pixels. Due to the optical adjustment layer 72... R 72 G and 72 B With different film thicknesses, an optical distance can be set that causes optimal resonance for the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed.

[0318] exist Figure 30 In the example illustrated in A, the reflectors 71 are arranged such that their respective upper surfaces span over the light-emitting element 12. R 12G and 12 B They are flush with each other. As described above, since the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 72 varies in a way that depends on the color to be displayed by the sub-pixels, the position of the upper surface of the second electrode 123 depends on the light-emitting element 12. R 12 G and 12 B The way the type changes.

[0319] For example, reflector 71 may include metals such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), or copper (Cu), or alloys containing these as main components.

[0320] The optical adjustment layer 72 may include, for example, silicon nitride (SiN). x ), silicon dioxide (SiO) x ) or silicon oxynitride (SiO) x N y Inorganic insulating materials such as acrylic resins or polyimide resins can be used. The optical adjustment layer 72 can be a single layer or a multilayer film comprising multiple materials. Furthermore, the number of layers can vary depending on the type of light-emitting element 12.

[0321] The first electrode 121 may include a transparent conductive material, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), or zinc oxide (ZnO).

[0322] The second electrode 123 needs to be used as a semi-transparent reflective film. The second electrode 123 may include magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), magnesium-silver alloy (MgAg) containing these materials as the main components, alloys containing alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, etc.

[0323] (Resonator structure: Second example)

[0324] Figure 30 B is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe a second example of a resonator structure.

[0325] In the second example, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 are also formed to have a uniform film thickness across each light-emitting element 12.

[0326] Then, in the second example, a reflector 71 is also arranged below the first electrode 121 of the light-emitting element 12, and an optical adjustment layer 72 is interposed therebetween. A resonator structure that enables the light generated by the OLED layer 122 to resonate is formed between the reflector 71 and the second electrode 123. Similar to the first example, the reflector 71 is formed to have a uniform film thickness across each light-emitting element 12, and the film thickness of the optical adjustment layer 72 varies in a manner that depends on the color to be displayed by the sub-pixels.

[0327] exist Figure 30 In the first example illustrated in Figure A, reflectors 71 are arranged such that their respective upper surfaces span over light-emitting elements 12. R 12 G and 12 B They are flush with each other, and the position of the upper surface of the second electrode 123 depends on the light-emitting element 12. R 12 G and 12 B The way the type changes.

[0328] On the other hand, Figure 30 In the second example illustrated in B, the second electrodes 123 are arranged such that their respective upper surfaces cross over the light-emitting element 12. R 12 G and 12 B To ensure that the upper surfaces of the second electrodes 123 are flush with each other, the light-emitting element 12... R 12 G 12 B In the middle, the reflectors 71 are arranged such that the position of their respective upper surfaces depends on the light-emitting element 12. R 12 G and 12 B The type varies. Therefore, the lower surface of the reflector 71 (in other words, the upper surface of the lower layer (insulating layer) 73) has a stepped shape corresponding to the type of the light-emitting element 12.

[0329] The materials constituting the reflector 71, optical adjustment layer 72, first electrode 121 and second electrode 123 are similar to those described in the first example, so their description will be omitted.

[0330] (Resonator structure: Third example)

[0331] Figure 31 A is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe a third example of the resonator structure. In the following description, the reflector 71 provided for sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B may be referred to as reflector 71, respectively. R 71 G and 71 B .

[0332] In the third example, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 are also formed to have a uniform film thickness across each light-emitting element 12.

[0333] Then, in the third example, the reflector 71 is also arranged below the first electrode 121 of the light-emitting element 12, and the optical adjustment layer 72 is interposed therebetween. A resonator structure that allows the light generated by the OLED layer 122 to resonate is formed between the reflector 71 and the second electrode 123. Similar to the first and second examples, the film thickness of the optical adjustment layer 72 varies in a manner that depends on the color to be displayed by the sub-pixels. Then, similar to the second example, the second electrodes 123 are arranged such that their respective upper surfaces span across the light-emitting element 12. R 12 G and 12 B They are level with each other.

[0334] exist Figure 31 In the second example illustrated in B, in order to make the upper surfaces of the second electrodes 123 flush with each other, the lower surface of the reflector 71 has a stepped shape corresponding to the type of the light-emitting element 12.

[0335] On the other hand, Figure 31 In the third example illustrated in Figure A, the film thickness of the reflector 71 is set to depend on the light-emitting element 12. R 12 G and 12 B The type of variation. More specifically, the film thickness is set such that the reflector 71 R 71 G and 71 B The lower surfaces are flush with each other.

[0336] The materials constituting the reflector 71, optical adjustment layer 72, first electrode 121 and second electrode 123 are similar to those described in the first example, and therefore their description will be omitted.

[0337] (Resonator Structure: Fourth Example)

[0338] Figure 31 B is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe a fourth example of the resonator structure. In the following description, the first electrode 121 provided for sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B may be referred to as the first electrode 121, respectively. R 121 G and 121 B .

[0339] exist Figure 31 In the first example illustrated in Figure A, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 of each light-emitting element 12 are formed with a uniform film thickness. Then, a reflector 71 is arranged below the first electrode 121 of the light-emitting element 12, with an optical adjustment layer 72 interposed therebetween.

[0340] On the other hand, Figure 31In the fourth example illustrated in B, the optical adjustment layer 72 is omitted, and the film thickness of the first electrode 121 is set to depend on the light-emitting element 12. R 12 G and 12 B The way the type changes.

[0341] The reflector 71 is formed across each light-emitting element 12 with a uniform film thickness. The film thickness of the first electrode 121 varies in a manner that depends on the color to be displayed by the sub-pixels. Due to the first electrode 121 R 121 G and 121 B With different film thicknesses, an optical distance can be set that causes optimal resonance for the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed.

[0342] The materials constituting the reflector 71, optical adjustment layer 72, first electrode 121 and second electrode 123 are similar to those described in the first example, and therefore their description will be omitted.

[0343] (Resonator Structure: Fifth Example)

[0344] Figure 32 A is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe the fifth example of a resonator structure.

[0345] exist Figure 30 In the first example illustrated in Figure A, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 are formed across each light-emitting element 12 with a uniform film thickness. Then, a reflector 71 is arranged below the first electrode 121 of the light-emitting element 12, with an optical adjustment layer 72 interposed therebetween.

[0346] On the other hand, Figure 32 In the fifth example illustrated in Figure A, the optical adjustment layer 72 is omitted, and instead, an oxide film 74 is formed on the surface of the reflector 71. The thickness of the oxide film 74 is set to depend on the light-emitting element 12. R 12 G and 12 B The type of variation. In the following description, the oxide film 74 set for sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B is referred to as oxide film 74, respectively. R 74 G and 74 B .

[0347] The thickness of oxide film 74 varies in a manner that depends on the color to be displayed by the sub-pixels. This is because of oxide film 74 R 74 G and 74 BWith different film thicknesses, an optical distance can be set that causes optimal resonance for the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed.

[0348] The oxide film 74 is a film obtained by oxidizing the surface of the reflector 71, and includes, for example, aluminum oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, etc. The oxide film 74 is used as an insulating film for adjusting the optical path length (optical distance) between the reflector 71 and the second electrode 123.

[0349] The film thickness can be formed, for example, in a manner that depends on the light-emitting element 12. R 12 G and 12 B The type of oxide film varies in a certain way 74.

[0350] First, an electrolyte solution is filled into a container, and the substrate with the reflector plate 71 formed thereon is immersed in the electrolyte solution. Then, electrodes are arranged to face the reflector plate 71.

[0351] Then, a positive voltage is applied to the reflector 71 with reference to the electrodes to anodize the reflector 71. The thickness of the oxide film obtained as a result of anodizing is proportional to the voltage value of the electrodes. Therefore, when the reflector 71... R 71 G and 71 B Anodizing is performed under a voltage determined according to the type of light-emitting element 12. Therefore, oxide films 74 with different thicknesses can be formed collectively.

[0352] The materials constituting the reflector 71, the first electrode 121, and the second electrode 123 are similar to those described in the first example, and therefore their description will be omitted.

[0353] (Resonator Structure: Sixth Example)

[0354] Figure 32 B is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe the sixth example of a resonator structure.

[0355] In the sixth example, the light-emitting element 12 includes a stack of a first electrode 121, an OLED layer 122, and a second electrode 123. However, in the sixth example, the first electrode 121 is formed to serve as both an electrode and a reflector. The first electrode (also serving as a reflector) 121 includes components related to the light-emitting element 12. R 12 G and 12 B The type of material corresponds to the optical constants selected. Due to the phase shift caused by the first electrode (also a reflector) 121, an optical distance that causes optimal resonance for the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed can be set.

[0356] The first electrode (also serving as a reflector) 121 may include a pure metal such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), gold (Au), or copper (Cu), or an alloy containing these as main components. For example, the light-emitting element 12... R First electrode (also a reflector) 121 R It may include copper (Cu), and light-emitting element 12 G First electrode (also a reflector) 121 G and light-emitting element 12 B First electrode (also a reflector) 121 B It can include aluminum.

[0357] The materials constituting the second electrode 123 are similar to those described in the first example, and therefore their description will be omitted.

[0358] (Resonator Structure: Seventh Example)

[0359] Figure 33 This is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe the seventh example of a resonator structure.

[0360] The seventh example essentially involves applying the sixth example to the light-emitting element 12. R and 12 G The first example is applied to the light-emitting element 12. B The structure allows for the setting of an optical distance that produces optimal resonance based on the wavelength of light to be displayed.

[0361] For light-emitting element 12 R and 12 G First electrode (also a reflector) 121 R and 121 G It can include pure metals such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), gold (Au), or copper (Cu), or alloys containing these as main components.

[0362] Constructed for light-emitting element 12 B Reflector 71 B Optical adjustment layer 72 B and the first electrode 121 B The materials, etc., are similar to those described in the first example, and therefore, their descriptions will be omitted.

[0363] <7 Application Examples>

[0364] (Electronic devices)

[0365] The display device 101, etc., according to one embodiment can be installed in various electronic devices. The display device 101, etc., according to one embodiment is particularly suitable for wearable devices such as head-mounted displays, or electronic viewfinders for video cameras or single-lens reflex cameras that require high resolution and are used close to the eyes in a magnified manner.

[0366] (Concrete example 1)

[0367] Figure 34 A and Figure 34 Figure B illustrates an example of the appearance of a digital still camera 310. The digital still camera 310 is a single-lens reflex camera with interchangeable lenses, and includes an interchangeable imaging lens unit (interchangeable lens) 312 at the substantially center of the front of the camera body (camera body) 311, and a grip 313 for the photographer to hold on the left side of the front.

[0368] The monitor 314 is positioned offset to the left from the center of the back of the camera body 311. An electronic viewfinder (eyepiece window) 315 is positioned above the monitor 314. By observing the electronic viewfinder 315, the photographer can determine the composition by visually recognizing the optical image of the subject guided by the imaging lens unit 312. The electronic viewfinder 315 includes any of the display devices 101 according to one embodiment, etc.

[0369] (Concrete example 2)

[0370] Figure 35 An example of the appearance of a head-mounted display 320 is illustrated. The head-mounted display 320 is an example of an eyeglass device. The head-mounted display 320 includes, for example, ear loops 322 on both sides of the eyeglass-type display unit 321 for wearing on the user's head. The display unit 321 includes any of the display devices 101 according to one embodiment, etc.

[0371] (Concrete example 3)

[0372] Figure 36 An example of the appearance of a television device 330 is illustrated. The television device 330 includes a video display screen unit 331, which includes a front panel 332 and a filter glass 333, and the video display screen unit 331 includes any of the display devices 101, such as those according to one embodiment.

[0373] (Concrete example 4)

[0374] Figure 37 An example of the appearance of a see-through head-mounted display 340 is illustrated. The see-through head-mounted display 340 is an example of an eyeglass device. The see-through head-mounted display 340 includes a main body 341, an arm 342, and a lens barrel 343.

[0375] The main body 341 is coupled to the arm 342 and the glasses 350. Specifically, the main body 341 has an end coupled to the long side of the arm 342, and one side is coupled to the glasses 350 via a connecting member. Note that the main body 341 can be directly mounted on the human head.

[0376] The main body 341 houses a control panel and display unit for controlling the operation of the see-through head-mounted display 340. An arm 342 connects the main body 341 and the lens barrel 343, and supports the lens barrel 343. Specifically, the arm 342 is coupled to both the end of the main body 341 and the end of the lens barrel 343 to secure the lens barrel 343. Furthermore, the arm 342 houses signal lines for transmitting data related to the image to be provided from the main body 341 to the lens barrel 343.

[0377] The lens tube 343 projects image light from the body 341 via the arm 342 toward the eyes of the user wearing the see-through head-mounted display 340 through the eyepiece 351. In the see-through head-mounted display 340, the display unit of the body 341 includes any of the display devices 101 according to one embodiment, etc.

[0378] (Concrete example 5)

[0379] Figure 38 An example of the appearance of a smartphone 360 ​​is illustrated. The smartphone 360 ​​includes a display unit 361 for displaying various information, an operation unit 362 including buttons for receiving operation input from the user, etc. The display unit 361 includes any of the display devices 101 according to one embodiment, etc.

[0380] (Concrete example 6)

[0381] According to one embodiment, the display device 101 can be installed in various displays provided in a vehicle.

[0382] Figure 39 A and Figure 39 B is a diagram illustrating an example of the interior structure of a vehicle 500 equipped with various displays. Specifically, Figure 39 A is a diagram illustrating an example of the interior state of vehicle 500 as viewed from the rear to the front, and Figure 39 B is a diagram illustrating an example of the interior state of vehicle 500 as viewed from the rear to the front of vehicle 500.

[0383] Vehicle 500 includes a central display 501, a console display 502, a head-up display 503, a digital rearview mirror 504, a steering wheel display 505, and a rear entertainment display 506. At least one of these displays includes any of the display devices 101 according to one embodiment, etc. For example, all these displays may include any of the display devices 101 according to one embodiment, etc.

[0384] The central display 501 is located on the dashboard, facing the driver's seat 508 and the passenger seat 509. Figure 39 A and Figure 39 Figure B illustrates an example of a central display 501 having a horizontally elongated shape extending from the driver's seat 508 side to the passenger seat 509 side; however, the screen size and placement of the central display 501 can be appropriately determined. The central display 501 can display information detected by various sensors. As specific examples, the central display 501 can display images captured by an image sensor, images representing the distance to obstacles present in front of or to the side of the vehicle 500 as measured by a ToF sensor, occupant body temperature detected by an infrared sensor, etc. The central display 501 can be used to display at least one of, for example, safety-related information, operational-related information, life logs, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, or entertainment-related information.

[0385] Safety-related information includes information about drowsiness detection, gaze deviation detection, child misbehavior detection, seatbelt use, and occupant exit detection, and is sensed by sensors, for example, arranged in an overlapping manner on the back side of the central display 501. Operation-related information uses sensors to detect postures associated with actions performed by occupants. Detected postures can include the operation of various equipment in the vehicle 500. For example, the operation of the HVAC system, navigation system, AV system, lighting system, etc., can be detected. A life log includes the life logs of all occupants. For example, the life log includes a record of the actions of each occupant in the vehicle. By acquiring and storing the life logs, the state of each occupant at the time of an accident can be examined. Health-related information uses sensors such as temperature sensors to detect the occupant's body temperature and estimates the occupant's health status based on the detected body temperature. Alternatively, an image sensor can be used to image the occupant's face, and the occupant's health status can be estimated from the imaged facial expressions. Furthermore, by interacting with the occupant via automated voice, the occupant's health status can be estimated based on the content of the occupant's responses. Authentication / identification related information includes information about keyless entry functions that use sensors to perform facial authentication, and functions that automatically adjust seat height and position via facial recognition. Entertainment related information includes functions that use sensors to detect information about operations performed by occupants on AV devices, and functions that use sensors to recognize occupants' faces and provide content suitable for occupants via AV devices.

[0386] The console display 502 can be used to display, for example, log information. The console display 502 is located near the gear shift lever 511 of the center console 510 between the driver's seat 508 and the passenger seat 509. The console display 502 can also display information detected by various sensors. Furthermore, the console display 502 can display images of the vehicle's surroundings captured by image sensors, or it can display images indicating distances to obstacles present around the vehicle.

[0387] A head-up display 503 is virtually displayed behind the windshield 512 in front of the driver's seat 508. The head-up display 503 can be used to display at least one of, for example, safety-related information, operational-related information, lifestyle logs, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, or entertainment-related information. Because it is virtually positioned in front of the driver's seat 508 in many cases, the head-up display 503 is suitable for displaying information directly related to the operation of the vehicle 500, such as the vehicle's speed and remaining fuel (battery) level.

[0388] The digital rearview mirror 504 can not only display the rear of the vehicle 500, but also the status of the occupants in the rear seat, and therefore can be used to display, for example, life log information obtained by sensors arranged in an overlapping manner on the back side of the digital rearview mirror 504.

[0389] The steering wheel display 505 is positioned near the center of the steering wheel 513 in the vehicle 500. The steering wheel display 505 can be used to display at least one of the following: safety-related information, operational-related information, daily log information, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, or entertainment-related information. In particular, because the steering wheel display 505 is located near the driver's hands, it is suitable for displaying daily log information such as the driver's body temperature, or for displaying information about the operation of AV devices, HVAC systems, etc.

[0390] The rear entertainment display 506 is attached to the back side of the driver's seat 508 or passenger seat 509 and is for viewing / listening by the occupants in the rear seats. The rear entertainment display 506 can be used to display at least one of the following: safety-related information, operational-related information, life logs, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, or entertainment-related information. In particular, because the rear entertainment display 506 is located in front of the occupants in the rear seats, it displays information relevant to them. For example, it may also display information about the operation of AV devices or HVAC systems, or it may display the results of body temperature measurements taken by a temperature sensor of the occupants in the rear seats.

[0391] Sensors for measuring the distance to surrounding objects can be arranged in an overlapping manner on the back side of the display device 101, etc. Optical distance measurement methods are broadly classified into passive and active types. Passive methods measure distance by receiving light from an object without projecting light from the sensor onto the object. Examples of passive methods include lens focusing, stereoscopic methods, and monocular vision methods. Active methods measure distance by projecting light onto an object and receiving reflected light from the object using a sensor. Examples of active methods include optical radar, active stereoscopic methods, photometric stereoscopic methods, moiré topography, and interferometry. The display device 101, etc., according to one embodiment, can be applied to any of these distance measurement methods. By arranging sensors in an overlapping manner on the back side of the aforementioned display device 101, the aforementioned passive or active distance measurement can be performed.

[0392] List of reference numerals

[0393] 10R, 10G, 10B subpixels

[0394] 11. Driver substrate

[0395] 111 substrate

[0396] 112 Insulation layer

[0397] 113 Pad Section

[0398] 114 Flexible Printed Circuits

[0399] 12 Light-emitting elements

[0400] 121 First Electrode

[0401] 122 OLED layers

[0402] 123 Second Electrode

[0403] 13 Insulation layer

[0404] 130 opening

[0405] 14 Protective Layer

[0406] 15 Planarization layer

[0407] 16 Color Filters

[0408] 160R, 160G, 160B coloring layers

[0409] 17 Lens Array

[0410] 170 lens

[0411] 18 Light transmission layer

[0412] 181 First Floor

[0413] 182 Second Floor

[0414] 183 Third Floor

[0415] 101, 101A display devices

[0416] 310 Digital Camera

[0417] 320 Head-Mounted Display

[0418] 330 Television Unit

[0419] 340° Transparent Head-Mounted Display

[0420] 360 Smart Phone

[0421] 500 vehicles

[0422] U1 and U2 light-emitting units

[0423] RE1 Display Area

[0424] RE11 Central Area (Region 1)

[0425] RE12 Peripheral Area (Second Area)

[0426] RE13 Middle Area (Third Area)

[0427] RE2 surrounding area

Claims

1. A display device, comprising: Multiple light-emitting elements are arranged in the display area; Multiple light-concentrating elements, wherein the multiple light-concentrating elements focus the light emitted from each of the multiple light-emitting elements; as well as A light-transmitting layer, wherein the light-transmitting layer is adjacent to the focusing surface of the plurality of focusing elements, wherein The display area includes a first area and a second area located outside the first area. The center of each of the light-concentrating elements located in the second region is offset towards the outer periphery of the display area relative to the center of the light-emitting area of ​​the corresponding light-emitting element when viewed from above. The refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the second region is higher than that of the light-transmitting layer in the first region.

2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The light-transmitting layer includes: The first layer is adjacent to the focusing surface of the focusing element located in the first region; as well as The second layer, which is adjacent to the focusing surface of the focusing element located in the second region, and The refractive index of the second layer is higher than that of the first layer.

3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein The second layer covers the first layer.

4. The display device according to claim 3, wherein The second layer has a convex curved surface on the side opposite to the light-emitting element side.

5. The display device according to claim 2, wherein The first layer covers the second layer.

6. The display device according to claim 5, wherein The first layer has a concave curved surface on the side opposite to the light-emitting element side.

7. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The focusing surface of the light-concentrating element is convex on the side opposite to the light-emitting element side.

8. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The focusing surface of the light-concentrating element is convex on the side of the light-emitting element.

9. The display device according to claim 2, wherein The first layer has a basically circular shape when viewed from above.

10. The display device according to claim 2, wherein The second layer surrounds the first layer when viewed from above.

11. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The height of the focusing element located in the second region is less than the height of the focusing element located in the first region.

12. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The offset D between the center of each of the light-emitting areas in the second region and the center of the corresponding light-concentrating element is greater than half the spacing between the light-emitting elements.

13. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising: A color filter is disposed above the plurality of light-emitting elements.

14. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The refractive index of the plurality of focusing elements is higher than that of the light-transmitting layer.

15. An electronic device comprising the display device according to claim 1.

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