Composite combustion chamber structure of heat engine with high thermal efficiency

Abstract

The steam engine and the steam turbine push the machine to run by water vapor evaporated by heat released by fuel combustion absorbed by water; an internal combustion engine, a turbojet engine and a gas turbine are driven to operate by high-temperature and high-pressure waste gas generated by combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber. The composite combustion chamber is provided with the combustion chamber and the water mixing chamber, fuel combustion can be completed in the composite combustion chamber, water is evaporated into water vapor to form mixed gas, a machine is pushed to operate, and the heat efficiency of a heat engine is greatly improved.

Description

[0001] Technical Field: A combined combustion chamber for heat engines.

[0002] Background Technology: Bellows: An ancient piston device that compresses air to generate airflow. Steam Engines and Steam Turbines: Heat engines that convert the steam generated by the evaporation of fuel combustion into kinetic energy using water in a boiler. Internal Combustion Engines, Turbojet Engines, and Gas Turbines: Heat engines that convert the high-temperature, high-pressure exhaust gas produced by fuel combustion in a combustion chamber into kinetic energy. Steam engines and steam turbines demonstrate that the energy from the heat released by fuel combustion can be converted into kinetic energy using water as a medium. Internal combustion engines, turbojet engines, and gas turbines demonstrate that the energy from the exhaust gas produced by fuel combustion can be converted into kinetic energy. Both the heat released by fuel combustion and the exhaust gas produced can be converted into kinetic energy. However, steam engines and steam turbines only utilize the heat released by fuel combustion, while the energy from the exhaust gas is wasted. Internal combustion engines, turbojet engines, and gas turbines only utilize the energy from the exhaust gas produced by fuel combustion, while a significant amount of the heat energy is wasted. Therefore, these heat engines have low thermal efficiency.

[0003] Summary of the Invention: To address the problem of low thermal efficiency in existing heat engines, this invention designs a composite combustion chamber that integrates the structure of a bellows, an internal combustion engine combustion chamber, or a turbojet engine combustion chamber. Compared to internal combustion engines and turbojet engines, which only have combustion chambers for fuel combustion, the composite combustion chamber has a separate yet interconnected combustion chamber and a mixing chamber (gas passage). The combustion chamber is where fuel combustion occurs, while the mixing chamber (gas passage) functions as the boiler water supply in a steam engine. Water is added to the mixing chamber (gas passage) in the same way as fuel is added to a heat engine, through a nozzle. Fuel combustion is completed within the composite combustion chamber. The heat released from fuel combustion is absorbed by water and evaporates into steam. The exhaust gas from fuel combustion mixes with the steam to form a mixed gas that drives the heat engine. This allows the heat engine to utilize both the heat generated from fuel combustion and the exhaust gas, significantly improving its thermal efficiency.

[0004] Attached image description: Figure 1 1. Bellows perspective view: 1. Wooden box, 2. Handle and lever, 3. Air vane (piston), 4. Front air inlet and hanging plate, 5. Rear air inlet and hanging plate, 6. Bellows box, 7. Air supply duct plate, 8. Air supply duct, 9. Front air supply duct inlet, 10. Rear air supply duct inlet, 11. Small tongue, 12. Air outlet.

[0005] Figure 2 Perspective view of the wooden box and air supply duct of the bellows: 1 wooden box, 4 front air inlet, 5 rear air inlet, 6 bellows, 7 air supply duct plate, 8 air supply duct, 9 front air supply duct inlet, 10 rear air supply duct inlet.

[0006] Figure 3Steam engine schematic diagram: 1 Boiler, 2 Cylinder, 3 Piston, 4-1 Cylinder rear port, 4-2 Cylinder front port, 5 Sliding valve, 6 Flywheel, 7 Exhaust port.

[0007] Figure 4 Internal combustion engine schematic diagram: 1 Combustion chamber, 2 Piston, 3 Fuel injector, 4 Cylinder, 5 Top dead center, 6 Bottom dead center, 7 Intake valve, 8 Exhaust valve.

[0008] Figure 5 Cross-sectional view of the compound combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine: 1 Combustion chamber, 2 Piston, 3 Fuel injector, 4 Cylinder, 5 Top dead center, 6 Bottom dead center, 7 Intake valve, 8 Exhaust valve, 9 Combustion chamber wall, 10 Combustion chamber outlet, 11 Mixing chamber, 12 Water injector.

[0009] Figure 6 Turbojet engine schematic diagram: 1 Intake, 2 Compression (compressor), 7 Power (3 Compressed air inlet, 4 Combustion chamber, 5 Combustion chamber outlet, 6 Turbine), 8 Exhaust.

[0010] Figure 7 Cross-sectional view of the cylindrical combustion chamber of a turbojet engine: 1. outer wall of the combustion chamber, 2. flame tube wall, 3. fuel injector.

[0011] Figure 8 Cross-sectional view of the cylindrical composite combustion chamber of a turbojet engine: 1 outer wall of the combustion chamber, 2 flame tube wall, 3 fuel injector, 4 outer wall of the water-mixing passage, 5 inner wall of the water-mixing passage, 6 water injector, 7 water-mixing passage.

[0012] Figure 9 Cross-sectional view of the annular combustion chamber of a turbojet engine: 1. Inner wall of the flame tube, 2. Outer wall of the flame tube, 3. Inner wall of the combustion chamber, 4. Outer wall of the combustion chamber, 5. Fuel injector, 14. Outer air passage of the flame tube.

[0013] Figure 10 Cross-sectional view of the annular combustion chamber of a turbojet engine: 1 Inner wall of the flame tube, 2 Outer wall of the flame tube, 3 Inner wall of the combustion chamber, 4 Outer wall of the combustion chamber, 5 Fuel injector, 9 Combustion chamber outlet, 11 Compressed air, 13 Combustion chamber compressed air inlet, 14 External air passage of the flame tube.

[0014] Figure 11 Cross-sectional view of the annular compound combustion chamber of a turbojet engine: 1. Inner wall of the flame tube, 2. Outer wall of the flame tube, 3. Inner wall of the combustion chamber (inner wall of the compound combustion chamber), 4. Outer wall of the combustion chamber, 5. Fuel injector, 6. Outer wall of the compound combustion chamber, 7. Water injector, 8. Mixing water passage, 14. Outer air passage of the flame tube.

[0015] Figure 12Cross-sectional view of the annular compound combustion chamber of a turbojet engine: 1 Inner wall of the flame tube, 2 Outer wall of the flame tube, 3 Inner wall of the combustion chamber (inner wall of the compound combustion chamber), 4 Outer wall of the combustion chamber, 5 Fuel injector, 6 Outer wall of the compound combustion chamber, 7 Water injector, 8 Mixed air passage, 9 Combustion chamber outlet, 10 Evaporation zone, 11 Compressed air, 12 Mixed air passage airflow, 13 Combustion chamber airflow, 14 Outer air passage of the flame tube, 15 Mixed airflow outlet.

[0016] Specific implementation method: 1: Internal combustion engine compound combustion chamber. Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the bellows. Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of an internal combustion engine. Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of a compound combustion chamber for an internal combustion engine. Figure 1 One wooden box is equivalent to Figure 4 4-cylinder engine, Figure 1 The middle section is divided into two parts by the 7 air supply duct plate behind the 3rd air panel: the 4th air box and the 8th air supply duct. Figure 4 In models with two or more pistons, there is only one combustion chamber. Figure 1 The air supply duct plate of the middle 7 is installed and fixed in Figure 4 The position above the top dead center of cylinder 5 in the middle 4 cylinder becomes Figure 5 The combined combustion chamber has 9 combustion chamber walls, and the volume of the 1st combustion chamber is determined by the amount of fuel used. Figure 1 The rear outlet of the 10-meter air supply duct becomes Figure 5 The outlet of combustion chamber 10 has an opening direction determined by actual conditions, while the size and style of the opening are determined by the airflow requirements at the inlet and outlet. Combustion chamber 1 is equipped with 3 fuel injectors; for fuel requiring ignition, an ignition device is also installed. Outside combustion chamber 1 is mixing chamber 11, equipped with water injector 12. Working process: Intake: Intake valve 7 opens, piston 2 moves from top dead center (TDC) to bottom dead center (BDC), and air enters the compound combustion chamber through intake valve 7. Piston 2 reaches BDC, and intake valve 7 closes. Compression: Piston 2 moves from BDC to TDC, compressing the air in mixing chamber 11, increasing its pressure. Simultaneously, air from mixing chamber 11 enters combustion chamber 1 through the outlet of combustion chamber 10, increasing the air pressure in combustion chamber 1. Fuel is then injected into mixing chamber 1 through injector 3 at opportune times. Atomized water is injected into the combustion chamber through nozzle 12 at an opportune time, and piston 2 reaches top dead center (top dead center) at nozzle 5. Work is performed as the temperature and pressure of fuel combustion (compression ignition or spark ignition) increase in the combustion chamber 1. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas enters the mixing chamber 11 through the outlet of combustion chamber 10. The water absorbs the heat from the high-temperature gas and evaporates into water vapor, simultaneously forming a mixed gas that pushes piston 2 towards bottom dead center (bottom dead center) at nozzle 6. Piston 2 reaches bottom dead center (bottom dead center) at nozzle 6. Exhaust is performed as exhaust valve 8 opens, and piston 2 moves from bottom dead center (bottom dead center) to top dead center (top dead center) at nozzle 5, expelling gas through exhaust valve 8.

[0017] 2: Turbojet engine composite combustion chamber: Figure 2 Perspective view of the wooden box and air supply duct of the bellows. Figure 6 Schematic diagram of a turbojet engine. Figure 10Cross-sectional view of the annular combustion chamber of a turbojet engine. Figure 7 Cross-sectional view of the cylindrical combustion chamber of a turbojet engine. Figure 9 Cross-sectional view of the annular combustion chamber of a turbojet engine. Figure 8 Cross-sectional view of a cylindrical composite combustion chamber for a turbojet engine. Figure 11 Cross-sectional view of the annular composite combustion chamber of a turbojet engine. Figure 12 Cross-sectional views of the annular composite combustion chamber of a turbojet engine and the cylindrical composite combustion chamber of a turbojet engine can be found for reference. Figure 12 , Figure 10 yes Figure 6 The fourth combustion chamber section, Figure 10 11 Compressed air from Figure 6 Compressed air enters the combustion chamber through the middle three inlet. Figure 10 The combustion chamber outlet of the middle 9 and Figure 6 Connect to the outlet of combustion chamber 5. Figure 2 The wooden crate in the middle is regarded as... Figure 6 The fourth combustion chamber is... Figure 10 Similar in size Figure 2 The forward wind direction of the middle 4 is regarded as Figure 6 The middle three compressed air inlets, Figure 2 The rear air intake of the middle 5 is regarded as Figure 6 The outlet of the fifth combustion chamber will Figure 6 The middle 4 combustion chamber is Figure 10 Volume reduction and placement Figure 2 The location of the air supply duct in the middle 8 section was modified to Figure 12 , Figure 12 Compressed air from 11 Figure 6 The middle three compressed air inlets, Figure 12 The middle 15 mixed airflow outlet and Figure 6 Connection to the outlet of the 5th combustion chamber. Figure 12 and Figure 11 Middle 1 is after the renovation Figure 9 and Figure 10 The inner wall of the middle flame tube, Figure 12 and Figure 11 Middle 2 is after the renovation Figure 9 and Figure 10 The outer wall of the middle 2 flame tube, Figure 12 and Figure 11 Middle 3 is after the renovation Figure 9 and Figure 10 The inner wall of the combustion chamber (composite combustion chamber wall) of the middle 3 combustion chamber, Figure 12 and Figure 11 Middle 4 is after the renovation Figure 9 and Figure 10 The outer wall of the fourth combustion chamber, Figure 12 and Figure 11 The number 5 is the fuel injector. Figure 12 and Figure 11 Zhong 14 is the modified version Figure 9 and Figure 10The external air passage of the 14-flame tube in the middle. Figure 12 9 is the combustion chamber outlet. Figure 12 13 represents the combustion chamber airflow, 12 represents the water-mixing airflow, and 6 represents the outer wall of the composite combustion chamber. Figure 2 Zhong 6 windbox modified Figure 12 The system has 8 mixing channels, 7 spray nozzles, and 10 evaporation zones. Operating process: Figure 6 The compressed air generated by the second compression enters through the third compressed air inlet. Figure 12 The annular composite combustion chamber, i.e., 11 compressed air, is then split into two streams. One stream, 13 combustion chamber airflow, enters the combustion chamber and is injected with atomized fuel by nozzle 5. After combustion, the high-temperature, high-pressure airflow enters the evaporation zone 10 from the combustion chamber outlet 9. The other stream, 12 water-mixing channel airflow, enters the water-mixing channel 8 and is injected with atomized water by nozzle 7. The water-mixing airflow then enters the evaporation zone 10. In the evaporation zone 10, the high-temperature, high-pressure airflow from the combustion chamber outlet 9 mixes with the water-mixing airflow from the water-mixing channel 8. The water absorbs the heat from the high-temperature airflow and evaporates into water vapor, forming a mixed airflow of combustion exhaust gas and water vapor that exits through the mixed airflow outlet 15. Figure 6 5. Combustion chamber outlet Figure 6 The engine has 6 turbines, which drive the 6 turbines to rotate, and then the exhaust gas flows out of the turbojet engine through 8 exhaust pipes.

Claims

1. Compound combustion chamber of internal combustion engine: Located above top dead center in the cylinder of internal combustion engine, it is divided into two parts: combustion chamber and water mixing chamber. The combustion chamber wall is fixed to the cylinder and has a combustion chamber outlet that communicates with the water mixing chamber. Fuel injectors are installed in the combustion chamber, and ignition devices are also installed if the fuel needs to be ignited. The outside of the combustion chamber is the water mixing chamber, which is equipped with water injectors. Fuel is added to the combustion chamber during compression, and atomized water is added to the water mixing chamber. During the power stroke, the fuel is burned, and the heat released is absorbed by the water and evaporated into water vapor, which mixes with the combustion exhaust gas to provide energy for the operation of the internal combustion engine.

2. Turbojet Engine Composite Combustion Chamber: The front of the composite combustion chamber consists of parallel combustion chambers and a water mixing passage, both of which are connected to the evaporation zone at the rear. Fuel injectors and ignition devices are installed in the combustion chamber, and water injectors are installed in the water mixing passage. The composite combustion chamber is similar in volume to the original turbojet engine combustion chamber. When the turbojet engine is running, the high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust gas generated by the combustion of fuel in the composite combustion chamber enters the evaporation zone and mixes with the air and atomized water mixture from the water mixing passage. The water absorbs the heat from the high-temperature exhaust gas and evaporates into water vapor, which then forms a mixed gas with the high-temperature exhaust gas to provide energy for the operation of the turbojet engine.

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