Gunpowder heat sensitivity evaluation experiment device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of explosives and powders, and discloses a gunpowder thermal sensitivity evaluation experiment device, which comprises: a chassis; the upper bracket is arranged in the middle of the top of the underframe; the reaction cavity mechanism is arranged at the top end of the bottom frame so as to meet the test core requirement of low-sensitivity high-energy gunpowder thermal sensitivity evaluation; the pipeline sealing mechanism is mounted at the bottom of the upper bracket and is connected with the reaction cavity mechanism; the adsorption heating mechanism is mounted at the top end of the upper bracket and is matched with the pipeline sealing mechanism; the data acquisition end comprises a high-speed camera and an infrared thermometer which are arranged on the two sides of the reaction cavity mechanism respectively, and the high-speed camera and the infrared thermometer are both electrically connected with the computer; and the control end is electrically connected with the reaction cavity mechanism, the pipeline sealing mechanism, the adsorption heating mechanism and the data acquisition end. Falling of the metal column is automatically detected through the laser correlation type sensor, non-contact detection and feedback of falling signals of the high-temperature metal column are achieved, the response speed is high, and reliability is high.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of explosives, in particular to a gunpowder thermal sensitivity evaluation experiment device. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increase of modern weapon precision and penetration ability, the survival ability of armored weapons such as tanks and ships on the battlefield is greatly threatened. The vulnerability of ammunition on the battlefield is an important factor affecting the safety and survival ability of armored weapons. Gunpowder, as the main component of ammunition, is the main factor determining the vulnerability of ammunition. A large number of facts show that for armored weapon systems, especially tanks, the main threat to their survival ability is the many metal columns of different sizes produced by hollow charge jet (SCJ) or kinetic energy (KE) penetrators. Because these metal columns are heated during penetration, they may cause thermal conduction when they contact gunpowder, resulting in combustion or deflagration of the gunpowder.

[0003] In the development of low-sensitivity high-energy gunpowder, field test is the final basis for evaluating the gunpowder formula. However, before a large number of low-sensitivity high-energy gunpowder is developed for field test, it is necessary to use a thermal sensitivity evaluation test device to conduct thermal conduction tests on a small amount of gunpowder samples using high-temperature metal columns, analyze ignition and combustion process data, and quickly and cost-effectively screen out low-sensitivity high-energy gunpowder formulas. By studying the ignition and self-sustaining ignition behavior of gunpowder under the action of high-temperature metal columns, the response process and mechanism of low-sensitivity high-energy gunpowder under the action of high-temperature metal columns are obtained, and the thermal sensitivity of gunpowder after contact with high-temperature metal is evaluated.

[0004] In summary, in order to provide a safe and efficient test equipment for the development of low-sensitivity high-energy gunpowder formula, the present application proposes a gunpowder thermal sensitivity evaluation experiment device, which focuses on solving the problems of current pipeline sealing, unreliable membrane pressure relief, and inability to automatically control the test process, and improving the safety and reliability of the test.

[0005] At present, there is no effective solution to the problems in the related art. SUMMARY

[0006] (I) Technical problems solved In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present application provides a gunpowder thermal sensitivity evaluation experiment device, which has the functions of automatically detecting the falling signal of the high-temperature metal column, automatically controlling the valve to quickly seal the falling pipeline, and automatically controlling the motor to rotate the pressure relief component to relieve pressure at the end of the test. Through a small amount of gunpowder sample test, low-sensitivity high-energy gunpowder formula is screened out, the test time and cost are saved, and the test safety is improved, thereby solving the problems of current pipeline sealing, unreliable membrane pressure relief, and inability to automatically control the test process.

[0007] (II) Technical solutions In order to realize the functions of automatically detecting the falling signal of high-temperature metal column, automatically controlling the valve to quickly seal the falling pipeline, and automatically controlling the motor to rotate the pressure relief component to release pressure at the end of the test, through a small amount of powder sample test, the low-sensitivity high-energy powder formula is screened out, the test time and cost are saved, and the test safety is improved, the specific technical scheme of the present application is as follows: A gunpowder heat sensitivity evaluation experiment device, comprising: a chassis; an upper support arranged at the middle position of the top of the chassis; a reaction cavity mechanism arranged at the top end of the chassis and providing a sealed reaction space through the reaction cavity mechanism; a linkage pipeline sealing mechanism forming a closed environment; a high-temperature metal column released by an adsorption heating mechanism is contacted with gunpowder to burn, and pressure, temperature and combustion image data are synchronously collected to meet the core needs of low-sensitivity high-energy gunpowder heat sensitivity evaluation test; a pipeline sealing mechanism installed at the bottom of the upper support and connected with the reaction cavity mechanism; an adsorption heating mechanism installed at the top end of the upper support and matched with the pipeline sealing mechanism; a data acquisition end comprising a high-speed camera and an infrared thermometer arranged on both sides of the reaction cavity mechanism, and the high-speed camera and the infrared thermometer are electrically connected with a computer; a control end electrically connected with the reaction cavity mechanism, the pipeline sealing mechanism, the adsorption heating mechanism and the data acquisition end.

[0008] Further, the reaction cavity mechanism comprises a reaction cavity arranged at the top end of the chassis; the top and bottom of the reaction cavity are respectively provided with an upper plug assembly and a lower plug assembly, and the upper plug assembly is arranged in a split type; the upper plug assembly is connected with the pipeline sealing mechanism through a metal pipeline, and a first gasket is arranged between the upper plug assembly and the metal pipeline; the circumferential outer wall of the reaction cavity is uniformly provided with an automatic pressure relief assembly, a transparent window assembly, a pressure measuring assembly and a temperature measuring window assembly, wherein the automatic pressure relief assembly and the pressure measuring assembly are arranged in symmetry, the transparent window assembly and the temperature measuring window assembly are arranged in symmetry, and the structure principles of the transparent window assembly and the temperature measuring window assembly are the same. The upper plug assembly comprises a guide block arranged between the metal pipeline and the reaction cavity and an upper plug, and the guide block is connected with the metal pipeline through threads; a wedge-shaped ring is arranged between the guide block and the upper plug; a filling block is threadedly connected to the bottom of the guide block, and a second gasket is arranged between the guide block and the reaction cavity to realize sealing of the connection. The lower plug assembly comprises a lower plug arranged at the bottom of the reaction cavity, and a threaded hole is formed in the upper end surface of the lower plug assembly; a red copper gasket is arranged between the lower plug and the reaction cavity to realize sealing of the connection; a medicine sticking table is arranged in cooperation with the threaded hole of the upper end surface of the lower plug, a locking nut is screwed on the threads of the medicine sticking table, and the locking nut is fixedly arranged on the upper end surface of the lower plug to lock the medicine sticking table. The automatic pressure relief assembly comprises a pressure relief motor arranged at the top end of the chassis, and the output end of the pressure relief motor is connected with a first coupling; the first coupling is connected with a dynamic torque sensor; the other end of the dynamic torque sensor is connected with a second coupling; the other end of the second coupling is connected with a pressure relief bolt, the pressure relief bolt is installed in a preset threaded hole in the circumferential wall of the reaction cavity, and a compression spring and a cylindrical stopper are arranged in sequence between the pressure relief bolt and the threaded hole of the reaction cavity, and the cylindrical stopper is arranged in a stepped shape, and the size of the gap at the front end of the stepped end surface changes with the rotation of the pressure relief bolt. The transparent window assembly comprises a transparent window plug arranged on the circumferential wall of the reaction cavity, and the transparent window plug is provided with a quartz glass close to the circumferential inner wall of the reaction cavity, and polytetrafluoroethylene gaskets are arranged between the two sides of the quartz glass and the mounting holes of the reaction cavity.

[0009] Further, the pipeline sealing mechanism comprises an explosion-proof pneumatic ball valve installed at the bottom of the upper support, the explosion-proof pneumatic ball valve comprises a pneumatic cylinder, an electromagnetic valve and a travel switch, the electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with a control end to realize on-off control of the gas path between the pneumatic cylinder and the air compressor; the top of the explosion-proof pneumatic ball valve is connected with the upper support through a butt flange, and the bottom of the explosion-proof pneumatic ball valve is welded with the metal pipeline through a neck flange; and a laser transmission sensor is arranged in a threaded hole preformed in the wall of the butt flange.

[0010] Further, the adsorption heating mechanism includes a tubular heating furnace mounted at the top end of the upper support, a cylindrical cavity is formed in the middle of the tubular heating furnace, a vertical quartz tube is arranged in the cylindrical cavity, a hole-shaped heat transfer zone is arranged in the middle of the vertical quartz tube, and the vertical quartz tube is vertically arranged in the hollow area of the tubular heating furnace; the outer wall of the bottom end of the vertical quartz tube is fixed in the inner hole of the adapter through high-temperature resistant composite glue, and the adapter is installed in the threaded hole in the center of the upper support steel plate through external threads; the top of the vertical quartz tube is connected to the end of the air pipe of the vacuum pump through a bent quartz tube, and the straight pipe part inserted into one side of the vertical quartz tube is provided with an integrated check ring with an outer diameter larger than that of the vertical quartz tube to fix the insertion depth, so that the adsorbed metal block is located in the hole-shaped heat transfer zone.

[0011] Further, the control end is electrically connected with the pressure sensor, the pressure relief motor, the dynamic torque sensor, the laser beam interrupter sensor, the air compressor, the high-speed camera, the infrared temperature measuring instrument and the computer.

[0012] (Three) beneficial effects Compared with the prior art, the present application provides a gunpowder heat sensitivity evaluation experiment device, which has the following beneficial effects: (1) The falling of the metal column is automatically detected by the laser beam interrupter sensor, realizing non-contact detection and feedback of the high-temperature metal column falling signal, with fast response speed and high reliability.

[0013] (2) The high-temperature metal column falling pipeline is sealed by the explosion-proof pneumatic ball valve, which has higher matching precision of the valve core and the valve seat than the motor-driven sliding block sealing in the disclosed invention, almost zero leakage in the test pressure range, better sealing effect, faster response speed, complete closure of the pneumatic ball valve before the high-temperature metal column contacts the gunpowder and causes thermal decomposition, forming a sealed reaction space, and eliminating the potential danger of human control.

[0014] (3) During the test, the data acquisition end collects real-time pressure, temperature and image data; after the test, the control end controls the automatic pressure relief assembly according to the real-time pressure data, and the dynamic torque sensor feedbacks the loosening degree of the automatic pressure relief assembly in real time during the pressure relief process, realizing safe and controllable automatic pressure relief. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0016] Figure 1 is a partial structure schematic view of a gunpowder heat sensitivity evaluation experimental device according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a partial sectional view of a gunpowder heat sensitivity evaluation experimental device according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a front view of a gunpowder heat sensitivity evaluation experimental device according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 is an enlarged view of A in Figure 3 ; Figure 5 is an enlarged view of B in Figure 3 ; Figure 6 is a sectional view of reaction cavity A-A in Figure 3 ; Figure 7 is a pressure curve in a reaction cavity measured by a pressure sensor in an actual test of a gunpowder heat sensitivity evaluation experimental device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0017] in the figure: 1, base frame; 2, upper support; 3, reaction cavity mechanism; 301, reaction cavity; 302, upper plug assembly; 3021, guide block; 3022, upper plug; 3023, wedge ring; 3024, filling block; 3025, second gasket; 303, lower plug assembly; 3031, lower plug; 3032, red copper gasket; 3033, medicine sticking table; 3034, locking nut; 304, metal pipeline; 305, first gasket; 306, automatic pressure relief assembly; 3061, pressure relief motor; 3062, first coupling; 3063, dynamic torque sensor; 3064, second coupling; 3065, pressure relief bolt; 3066, compression spring; 3067, cylindrical stop block; 307, transparent window assembly; 3071, transparent window plug; 3072, quartz glass; 3073, polytetrafluoroethylene gasket; 308, pressure measuring assembly; 3081, inner cylinder; 3082, outer cylinder; 3083, pressure sensor; 3084, diamond gasket; 309, temperature measuring window assembly; 4, pipeline sealing mechanism; 401, explosion-proof pneumatic ball valve; 4011, air cylinder; 4012, electromagnetic valve; 4013, travel switch; 402, butt flange; 403, flange with neck; 404, laser beam transmission sensor; 405, air compressor; 5, adsorption heating mechanism; 501, tubular heating furnace; 502, vertical quartz tube; 503, bent quartz tube; 504, vacuum pump; 6, data acquisition end; 601, high-speed camera; 602, infrared temperature measuring instrument; 603, computer; 7, control end. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] To further illustrate the various embodiments, the present invention provides accompanying drawings, which are part of the present invention and are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments. They can be used in conjunction with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. With reference to these drawings, those skilled in the art should be able to understand other possible implementation methods and the advantages of the present invention. The components in the drawings are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are generally used to represent similar components.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an experimental apparatus for evaluating the thermal sensitivity of gunpowder is provided.

[0020] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, such as... Figures 1-6 As shown, an experimental apparatus for evaluating the thermal sensitivity of gunpowder according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a base frame 1; an upper support 2, disposed at the middle position of the top of the base frame 1; a reaction chamber mechanism 3, disposed at the top of the base frame 1, providing a sealed reaction space, and forming a sealed environment by linking a pipe sealing mechanism 4, receiving a high-temperature metal column released by an adsorption heating mechanism 5 to contact and burn the gunpowder, and simultaneously collecting pressure, temperature, and combustion image data to meet the core requirements of the low-sensitivity high-energy gunpowder thermal sensitivity evaluation test; a pipe sealing mechanism 4, installed at the bottom of the upper support 2 and connected to the reaction chamber mechanism 3; an adsorption heating mechanism 5, installed at the top of the upper support 2 and cooperating with the pipe sealing mechanism 4; a data acquisition terminal 6, including a high-speed camera 601 and an infrared thermometer 602 respectively disposed on both sides of the reaction chamber mechanism 3, and both the high-speed camera 601 and the infrared thermometer 602 are electrically connected to a computer 603; and a control terminal 7, electrically connected to the reaction chamber mechanism 3, the pipe sealing mechanism 4, the adsorption heating mechanism 5, and the data acquisition terminal 6.

[0021] By utilizing the above-described technical solution of this invention, the falling metal column is automatically detected by the laser-guided sensor 404, achieving non-contact detection and feedback of the high-temperature metal column falling signal. This results in fast response and high reliability. During the experiment, data such as pressure, temperature, and images are collected in real time by the data acquisition terminal 6. After the experiment, the control terminal 7 controls the automatic pressure relief component 306 to release pressure based on the real-time pressure data. During the pressure relief process, the dynamic torque sensor 3063 provides real-time feedback on the opening degree of the automatic pressure relief component 306, achieving safe and controllable automatic pressure relief.

[0022] In one embodiment, the reaction chamber mechanism 3 includes a reaction chamber 301 disposed at the top of the base frame 1; an upper plug assembly 302 and a lower plug assembly 303 are respectively disposed at the top and bottom of the reaction chamber 301, and the upper plug assembly 302 is disposed separately; the upper plug assembly 302 is connected to the pipe sealing mechanism 4 through a metal pipe 304, and a first gasket 305 is disposed between the upper plug assembly 302 and the metal pipe 304; an automatic pressure relief assembly 306, a transparent window assembly 307, a pressure measuring assembly 308 and a temperature measuring window assembly 309 are uniformly disposed on the outer circumference of the reaction chamber 301, wherein the automatic pressure relief assembly 306 and the pressure measuring assembly 308 are arranged symmetrically, the transparent window assembly 307 and the temperature measuring window assembly 309 are arranged symmetrically, and the transparent window assembly 307 and the temperature measuring window assembly 309 have the same structural principle. The upper plug assembly 302 includes a guide block 3021 and an upper plug 3022 disposed between the metal pipe 304 and the reaction chamber 301, and the guide block 3021 and the metal pipe 304 are connected by threads; a wedge ring 3023 is installed between the guide block 3021 and the upper plug 3022; a filler block 3024 is connected to the bottom of the guide block 3021 by threads, and a second gasket 3025 is provided between the guide block 3021 and the reaction chamber 301 to achieve a seal at the connection. The lower plug assembly 303 includes a lower plug 3031 disposed at the bottom of the reaction chamber 301, and a threaded hole is provided on the upper end face of the lower plug assembly 303; a copper washer 3032 is provided between the lower plug 3031 and the reaction chamber 301 to achieve a seal at the connection; a drug-adhesive platform 3033 is provided at the threaded hole on the upper end face of the lower plug 3031, and a locking nut 3034 is screwed onto the thread of the drug-adhesive platform 3033, and the locking nut 3034 is fixedly disposed on the upper end face of the lower plug 3031 to lock the drug-adhesive platform 3033. The automatic pressure relief assembly 306 includes a pressure relief motor 3061 mounted on the top of the base frame 1. The output end of the pressure relief motor 3061 is connected to a first coupling 3062. The first coupling 3062 is connected to a dynamic torque sensor 3063. The other end of the dynamic torque sensor 3063 is connected to a second coupling 3064. The other end of the second coupling 3064 is connected to a pressure relief bolt 3065, and the pressure relief bolt 3065 is installed in a pre-set threaded hole on the reaction chamber 301. A compression spring 3066 and a cylindrical stop 3067 are sequentially arranged between the pressure relief bolt 3065 and the threaded hole of the reaction chamber 301. The cylindrical stop 3067 is arranged in a stepped structure, and the size of the gap at the front end of the step changes with the rotation of the pressure relief bolt. The transparent window assembly 307 includes a transparent window plug 3071 disposed on the outer circumference of the reaction chamber 301, a quartz glass 3072 disposed on the inner circumference of the transparent window plug 3071 near the reaction chamber 301, and polytetrafluoroethylene gaskets 3073 installed between the two sides of the quartz glass 3072 and the mounting holes of the reaction chamber 301.The pressure measuring assembly 308 consists of an inner cylinder 3081 and an outer cylinder 3082. The inner cylinder 3081 is assembled with the pressure sensor 3083 and the outer cylinder 3082 respectively. The outer cylinder 3082 is threaded into the mounting hole of the pressure measuring assembly 308 on the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber 301, pressing the inner cylinder 3081 tightly. A diamond-shaped washer 3084 is provided between the inner cylinder 3081 and the mounting hole.

[0023] Specifically, the reaction chamber 301 is made of PCrNi3MoV (gun steel) and machined into a hollow cylinder (with a cavity volume of up to 125ml), then heat-treated to improve its strength and corrosion resistance. Both the upper and lower end faces of the reaction chamber 301 have threaded holes for installing the upper plug assembly 302 and the lower plug assembly 303. A small flat surface is milled every 90° along the circumference of the outer cylindrical surface of the reaction chamber 301 and threaded holes are machined thereon for installing the pressure measuring assembly 308, the automatic pressure relief assembly 306, the transparent viewing window assembly 307, and the temperature measuring window assembly 309. To avoid seizing when threads of the same material are installed, all plugs and assemblies are made of 35CrMo material (different from the material of the reaction chamber 301).

[0024] The upper plug assembly 302 adopts a split design. When the high-temperature metal column contacts and ignites the gunpowder, the guide block 3021 generates upward pressure under the action of high-pressure gas, and the upper plug 3022 squeezes the wedge ring 3023 to generate downward force, forming a good sealing effect under compression. The metal pipe 304 is vertically installed into the internal threaded hole of the guide block 3021 through the lower end thread. The filler block 3024 is connected to the lower end of the guide block 3021 through threads. The guide block 3021 and the reaction chamber 301 are sealed by a second gasket. Based on the installation structure of the pressure sensor 3083, the inner cylinder 3081 and the outer cylinder 3082 of the pressure measuring assembly 308 are designed. In the lower plug assembly 303, the root of the thread of the adsorption platform 3033 is equipped with a locking nut 3034. The lower part of the thread is installed into the threaded hole on the upper end face of the lower plug 3031. By rotating the adsorption platform 3033, the loading end face is adjusted to a suitable height. Then, the locking nut 3034 is rotated to press down on the upper end face of the lower plug assembly 303, so as to prevent the adsorption platform 3033 from shaking when the high-temperature metal column hits the gunpowder. The lower plug assembly 303 is installed into the mounting hole of the lower plug 3031 of the reaction chamber 301 through the external thread, and the copper washer 3032 is pressed down.

[0025] The transparent window assembly 307 and the temperature measuring window assembly 309 have similar structures and are installed onto the reaction chamber 301 via threads on the transparent window plug 3071 and the temperature measuring window plug. Based on the principles of high-speed imaging and infrared temperature measurement, the transparent window assembly 307 uses quartz glass 3072, while the temperature measuring window assembly 309 uses zinc sulfide glass. Both sides of the quartz glass 3072 and the zinc sulfide glass are sealed with polytetrafluoroethylene gaskets 3073.

[0026] The automatic pressure relief assembly 306 is locked by rotating the pressure relief motor 3061. Before the test, the control terminal 7 reads the torque of the dynamic torque sensor 3063 to determine whether the automatic pressure relief assembly 306 is tightened (according to design standards and tests, a torque ≥ 130 N•m is considered tightened). If the torque is less than 130 N•m, the control terminal 7 controls the pressure relief motor 3061 to rotate and tighten the plug of the automatic pressure relief assembly 306. During the test, the control terminal 7 compares the set pressure relief threshold with the pressure value collected in real time by the data acquisition terminal 6. If the collected pressure value is greater than the set pressure relief threshold, the pressure alarm indicator on the control terminal 7 panel lights up, and the pressure relief motor 3061 rotates the automatic pressure relief assembly 306 in reverse at low speed, slowly releasing the cylindrical stop 3067 at the front end to relieve pressure, so that the pressure in the reaction chamber 301 is lower than the pressure relief threshold, and the pressure alarm light goes out. If the pressure in the reaction chamber 301 does not reach the pressure relief threshold, after the test, the control terminal 7 automatically controls the pressure relief motor 3061 to rotate in reverse at low speed to relieve pressure.

[0027] In one embodiment, the pipeline sealing mechanism 4 includes an explosion-proof pneumatic ball valve 401 installed at the bottom of the upper support 2. The explosion-proof pneumatic ball valve 401 consists of a cylinder 4011, a solenoid valve 4012, and a limit switch 4013. The solenoid valve 4012 is electrically connected to the control terminal 7, and the output of the solenoid valve 4012 controls the opening and closing of the air passage between the cylinder 4011 and the air compressor 405. The top of the explosion-proof pneumatic ball valve 401 is connected to the upper support 2 through a docking flange 402, and the bottom is welded to the metal pipeline 304 through a neck flange 403. A laser through-beam sensor 404 is installed in two pre-drilled threaded holes on the pipe wall of the docking flange 402.

[0028] Specifically, in order not to affect the sealing of the gas inside the reaction chamber 301, the laser beam sensor 404 is horizontally installed on the pipe wall of the docking flange 402 of the explosion-proof pneumatic ball valve 401, so that the signal receiving end of the laser beam sensor 404 can quickly sense the signal when the metal column falls through.

[0029] In one embodiment, the adsorption heating mechanism 5 includes a tubular heating furnace 501 mounted on the top of the upper support 2. The tubular heating furnace 501 has a cylindrical cavity extending vertically through the middle, and a vertical quartz tube 502 is installed inside the cylindrical cavity. A perforated heat transfer zone is provided in the middle of the vertical quartz tube 502, which is vertically installed in the hollow area inside the tubular heating furnace 501. The outer wall of the bottom end of the vertical quartz tube 502 is fixed in the inner hole of the adapter with high-temperature resistant composite adhesive. The adapter is installed in the threaded hole in the center of the steel plate of the upper support through external threads. The top of the vertical quartz tube 502 is connected to the end of the gas pipe of the vacuum pump 504 through a bent quartz tube 503. According to the height of the perforated heat transfer zone, an integrated retaining ring with an increased diameter is provided on the straight tube of the bent quartz tube 503 inserted into the vertical quartz tube 502.

[0030] Specifically, the metal column is vacuum adsorption. One end of the bent quartz tube 503 is inserted into the end of the air pipe of the vacuum pump 504, and the other end adsorbs metal columns with a height of 20mm and different diameters (10mm, 12mm, 14mm) to simulate fragments of different sizes on the battlefield. Then, it is placed in the vertical quartz tube 502 fixed in the center of the cavity of the tubular heating furnace 501 for heating and heat preservation for a certain period of time. To ensure that metal columns of different diameters can be adsorbed onto the end of the straight tube on one side of the bent quartz tube 503, three types of bent quartz tubes 503 with different inner diameters (6mm, 8mm, 10mm), the same length (208mm), and an outer diameter (14mm) are designed, with straight ends and a bend (approximately 135 degrees) in the middle. To ensure that the metal columns are in the same position each time they are heated, an integrated retaining ring with an increased diameter is designed on the straight tube section of the bent quartz tube 503 inserted into the vertical quartz tube 502, which secures the bent quartz tube 503 to the upper end of the vertical quartz tube 502. The tubular heating furnace 501 is located in the middle. The tube is open from top to bottom, with a diameter of 22mm and a height of 385mm. To ensure that the curved quartz tube 503, which adsorbs the metal column, can be smoothly placed into the vertical quartz tube 502 for heating, the inner diameter of the vertical quartz tube 502 is designed to be 15mm (slightly larger than the outer diameter of the curved quartz tube 503), and the outer diameter is set to be 22mm. In order to quickly transfer heat to the metal column, 8 rows of 48 heat transfer holes with a diameter of 3mm are set at a distance of 150mm from the bottom of the vertical quartz tube 502 (approximately in the middle of the heating furnace). (One hole is opened every 60 degrees in the circumferential direction, and the center distance of the holes in the vertical direction is 10mm.)

[0031] In one embodiment, the control terminal 7 is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 3083, the pressure relief motor 3061, the dynamic torque sensor 3063, the laser beam sensor 404, the air compressor 405, the high-speed camera 601, the infrared thermometer 602, and the computer 603.

[0032] Specifically, the data acquisition terminal 6 mainly includes a dedicated computer and data acquisition and processing software, which are used to acquire and process the pressure data of the pressure sensor 3083 and the torque data of the dynamic torque sensor 3063, record and save the images acquired by the high-speed camera 601 and the temperature acquired by the infrared thermometer 602, and upload the acquisition and processing results to the control terminal 7 in real time.

[0033] Control terminal 7 uses a Siemens S7-200 Smart PLC controller. The working air pressure of the explosion-proof pneumatic ball valve 401 is provided by the air compressor 405. The laser beam sensor 404, cylinder 4011, limit switch 4013, etc. are connected to the digital input terminal of the PLC controller; the start and stop of the pressure relief motor 3061, the air compressor 405, the vacuum pump 504, the solenoid valve 4012 of the explosion-proof pneumatic ball valve 401, etc. are all controlled through the output terminal of the PLC controller.

[0034] To facilitate understanding of the above technical solutions of the present invention, the working principle or operation method of the present invention in actual process will be described in detail below.

[0035] like Figures 1-6 As shown, in practical applications, before the experiment begins, gunpowder is attached to the upper surface of the gunpowder mounting platform 3033 of the lower plug assembly 303 using double-sided tape. The gunpowder mounting platform 3033 is rotated to adjust its height, ensuring that the gunpowder can be fully observed through the transparent viewing window assembly 307 and the temperature measuring window assembly 309. Then, the locking nut 3034 screwed onto the thread of the gunpowder mounting platform 3033 is rotated downward to press down on the upper surface of the lower plug 3031, fixing the height of the gunpowder mounting platform 3033. The lower plug assembly 303 is then tightly screwed into the threaded mounting hole of the lower plug 3031 of the reaction chamber 301.

[0036] Connect the output signal of the pressure sensor 3083 in the pressure measuring component 308 to the data acquisition terminal 6; adjust the high-speed camera 601 so that its lens is aligned with the transparent window component 307; adjust the infrared thermometer 602 so that its sensing head is aligned with the temperature measuring window component 309; connect the signal lines of the high-speed camera 601 and the infrared thermometer 602 to the data acquisition terminal 6.

[0037] After the control terminal 7 is powered on, the tubular heating furnace 501 is powered on by pressing the heating furnace power button on the control terminal 7 panel, and the heating temperature is set on the heating furnace control terminal to heat the tubular heating furnace 501 to the set temperature. After the temperature of the tubular heating furnace 501 stabilizes, the air compressor power button on the control terminal 7 panel is pressed to power on the air compressor 405 to provide working pressure to the cylinder of the explosion-proof pneumatic ball valve 401.

[0038] If the control terminal 7 reads that the pressure inside the reaction chamber 301 is 0 sent by the data acquisition terminal 6, it controls the pressure relief motor 3061 to rotate to lock the automatic pressure relief component 306; the control terminal 7 reads the torque data of the dynamic torque sensor 3063 through the data acquisition terminal 6. If it reaches 130 N•m, it controls the pressure relief motor 3061 to stop rotating. At this time, the automatic pressure relief component 306 is tightened in place.

[0039] By pressing the vacuum pump power button on the control terminal 7 panel, the vacuum pump 504 is powered on, and the metal column is attracted to the end of the curved quartz tube 503 connected to the air pipe of the vacuum pump 504. Then, the end of the curved quartz tube 503 that attracts the metal column is inserted into the vertical quartz tube 502 fixed in the tubular heating furnace 501. After the metal column is heated to a certain temperature and kept at that temperature for 20 minutes, the control terminal 7 automatically shuts off the vacuum pump 504, releasing the high-temperature metal column so that it falls freely. When the high-temperature metal column passes the laser beam sensor 404 above the explosion-proof pneumatic ball valve 401, the control terminal 7 receives a feedback signal and outputs a control solenoid valve 4012 to close the valve of the explosion-proof pneumatic ball valve 401, so that a sealed space is formed below the explosion-proof pneumatic ball valve 401.

[0040] After the high-temperature metal column comes into contact with the gunpowder, the gunpowder is ignited through heat conduction. At this time, a high-speed camera 601 records the entire ignition response and combustion process of the gunpowder, while an infrared thermometer 602 records the real-time temperature of the burning gunpowder. For example... Figure 7 As shown, pressure sensor 3083 (piezoelectric force sensor) records the pressure data in reaction chamber 301 throughout the process.

[0041] After acquiring the aforementioned pressure, temperature, and image data, the researchers compared the pressure rise rate, maximum pressure value, flame temperature, flame size, and color of gunpowder with different formulations or the same formulation but different proportions during the ignition process. This comprehensive assessment of the thermal sensitivity of the tested gunpowder allowed them to screen out low-sensitivity, high-energy gunpowder and obtain its formulation and proportions. During the experiment, the control terminal 7 compared the pressure data collected in real-time by the data acquisition terminal 6 within the reaction chamber 301 with the set pressure threshold. When the pressure within the reaction chamber 301 reached the threshold, the control terminal 7 automatically controlled the motor to release pressure, ensuring equipment safety.

[0042] After the gunpowder has burned out, if the pressure has not reached the set pressure relief threshold, and the control terminal 7 detects that the pressure in the reaction chamber 301 no longer changes within a certain period of time, then the test is considered complete, and the pressure relief motor 3061 is automatically controlled to rotate the automatic pressure relief component 306 to relieve pressure.

[0043] When the automatic control terminal 7 detects that the pressure drop rate inside the reaction chamber 301 reaches 0.3 MPa / min, it considers that the opening of the pressure relief port has met the safe pressure relief requirements, and at this time, it controls the pressure relief motor 3061 to stop rotating. Afterwards, the pressure continues to drop, and when the pressure inside the reaction chamber 301 drops to 0, it is considered that the pressure relief is complete, and the plug can be manually removed or the gunpowder can be replaced.

[0044] In summary, this invention discloses an experimental apparatus for evaluating the thermal sensitivity of gunpowder by igniting it through heat conduction from a high-temperature metal column. The apparatus mainly consists of a reaction chamber mechanism 3, a pipe sealing mechanism 4, an adsorption heating mechanism 5, a data acquisition terminal 6, and a control terminal 7. The data acquisition terminal 6 and control terminal 7 are located in the control room, while the other mechanisms (except for the air compressor 405 and the vacuum pump 504) are located in the explosion-proof testing chamber. The apparatus uses vacuum adsorption to adsorb the metal column onto the end of a quartz tube and places it into a vertical quartz tube 502 at the center of a tubular heating furnace 501 for heating. After holding at this temperature for a period of time, the vacuum pump 504 is turned off via the control terminal 7, allowing the high-temperature metal column to fall freely within the vertical pipe. When the laser beam sensor 404 installed on the pipe wall detects the falling metal column signal, it sends it to the control terminal 7. The control terminal 7 controls the explosion-proof pneumatic ball valve 401 to close the valve via the solenoid valve 4012, isolating the reaction chamber 301 from the pipes and equipment above the valve core of the explosion-proof pneumatic ball valve 401, thus creating a sealed environment inside the reaction chamber 301. The high-temperature metal column falls into the reaction chamber and comes into contact with the gunpowder placed on the gunpowder-adhesive platform 3033. The gunpowder is ignited through heat conduction, creating a high-temperature, high-pressure, sealed environment inside the reaction chamber 301. The data acquisition terminal 6 records the ignition and combustion images, pressure, and temperature data of the gunpowder after being stimulated by heat using sensors installed around the reaction chamber 301. After the test, there is still gas pressure exceeding the safe pressure inside the reaction chamber 301. The automatic pressure relief component 306 safely releases the pressure to ensure the safety of the test personnel in subsequent operations.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for evaluating the thermal sensitivity of gunpowder, characterized in that, include: Base frame (1); The upper bracket (2) is located at the middle position of the top of the base frame (1); The reaction chamber mechanism (3) is located at the top of the base frame (1) and provides a sealed reaction space through the reaction chamber mechanism (3). The linkage pipe sealing mechanism (4) forms a closed environment, and the high-temperature metal column released by the adsorption heating mechanism (5) contacts the gunpowder and burns. Pressure, temperature and combustion image data are collected simultaneously to meet the core requirements of the low-sensitivity high-energy gunpowder thermal sensitivity assessment test. The pipe sealing mechanism (4) is installed at the bottom of the upper bracket (2) and connected to the reaction chamber mechanism (3); The adsorption heating mechanism (5) is installed at the top of the upper bracket (2) and cooperates with the pipe sealing mechanism (4); The data acquisition terminal (6) includes a high-speed camera (601) and an infrared thermometer (602) respectively set on both sides of the reaction chamber mechanism (3), and both the high-speed camera (601) and the infrared thermometer (602) are electrically connected to the computer (603). The control terminal (7) is electrically connected to the reaction chamber mechanism (3), the pipeline sealing mechanism (4), the adsorption heating mechanism (5), and the data acquisition terminal (6).

2. The experimental apparatus for evaluating the thermal sensitivity of gunpowder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reaction chamber mechanism (3) includes a reaction chamber (301) disposed at the top of the base frame (1); The top and bottom of the reaction chamber (301) are respectively provided with an upper plug assembly (302) and a lower plug assembly (303), and the upper plug assembly (302) is a split type; the upper plug assembly (302) is connected to the pipe sealing mechanism (4) through a metal pipe (304), and a first gasket (305) is provided between the upper plug assembly (302) and the metal pipe (304). The outer circumferential wall of the reaction chamber (301) is uniformly provided with an automatic pressure relief component (306), a transparent window component (307), a pressure measuring component (308), and a temperature measuring window component (309). The automatic pressure relief component (306) and the pressure measuring component (308) are arranged symmetrically, and the transparent window component (307) and the temperature measuring window component (309) are arranged symmetrically. The transparent window component (307) and the temperature measuring window component (309) have the same structural principle.

3. The experimental apparatus for evaluating the thermal sensitivity of gunpowder according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper plug assembly (302) includes a guide block (3021) and an upper plug (3022) disposed between the metal pipe (304) and the reaction chamber (301), and the guide block (3021) and the metal pipe (304) are connected by threads; A wedge-shaped ring (3023) is installed between the guide block (3021) and the upper plug (3022). The bottom of the guide block (3021) is connected to a filler block (3024) by a thread, and a second gasket (3025) is provided between the guide block (3021) and the reaction chamber (301) to achieve a seal at the connection.

4. The experimental apparatus for evaluating the thermal sensitivity of gunpowder according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lower plug assembly (303) includes a lower plug (3031) disposed at the bottom of the reaction chamber (301), and the upper end face of the lower plug assembly (303) is provided with a threaded hole; A copper gasket (3032) is provided between the lower plug (3031) and the reaction chamber (301) to achieve a seal at the connection. A medicine-adhesive plate (3033) is provided at the threaded hole on the upper end face of the lower plug (3031). A locking nut (3034) is screwed onto the thread of the medicine-adhesive plate (3033), and the locking nut (3034) is fixedly provided on the upper end face of the lower plug (3031) to lock the medicine-adhesive plate (3033).

5. The experimental apparatus for evaluating the thermal sensitivity of gunpowder according to claim 2, characterized in that, The automatic pressure relief assembly (306) includes a pressure relief motor (3061) disposed at the top of the base frame (1), the output end of the pressure relief motor (3061) being connected to a first coupling (3062); the first coupling (3062) being connected to a dynamic torque sensor (3063); the other end of the dynamic torque sensor (3063) being connected to a second coupling (3064). The other end of the second coupling (3064) is connected to a pressure relief bolt (3065), and the pressure relief bolt (3065) is installed in a pre-set threaded hole on the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber (301). A compression spring (3066) and a cylindrical stop block (3067) are sequentially arranged between the pressure relief bolt (3065) and the threaded hole of the reaction chamber (301), and the cylindrical stop block (3067) is configured as a stepped structure.

6. The experimental apparatus for evaluating the thermal sensitivity of gunpowder according to claim 2, characterized in that, The transparent window assembly (307) includes a transparent window plug (3071) disposed on the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber (301). The transparent window plug (3071) is provided with quartz glass (3072) near the inner circumferential wall of the reaction chamber (301). A polytetrafluoroethylene gasket (3073) is installed between the quartz glass (3072) and the mounting hole of the reaction chamber (301).

7. The experimental apparatus for evaluating the thermal sensitivity of gunpowder according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pressure measuring assembly (308) consists of an inner cylinder (3081) and an outer cylinder (3082); the inner cylinder (3081) is assembled with a pressure sensor (3083) and the outer cylinder (3082) respectively inside and outside; The outer cylinder (3082) is threaded into the mounting hole of the pressure measuring component (308) on the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber (301) to press the inner cylinder (3081), and a diamond-shaped washer (3084) is provided between the inner cylinder (3081) and the mounting hole.

8. The experimental apparatus for evaluating the thermal sensitivity of gunpowder according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pipeline sealing mechanism (4) includes an explosion-proof pneumatic ball valve (401) installed at the bottom of the upper bracket (2). The explosion-proof pneumatic ball valve (401) is composed of a cylinder (4011), a solenoid valve (4012) and a limit switch (4013). The solenoid valve (4012) is electrically connected to the control terminal (7). The cylinder (4011) controls the opening and closing of the air passage between the air compressor (405). The top of the explosion-proof pneumatic ball valve (401) is connected to the upper support (2) via a docking flange (402); the bottom of the explosion-proof pneumatic ball valve (401) is welded to the metal pipe (304) via a neck flange (403), and a laser through-beam sensor (404) is installed in a threaded hole pre-drilled on the pipe wall of the docking flange (402).

9. The experimental apparatus for evaluating the thermal sensitivity of gunpowder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorption heating mechanism (5) includes a tubular heating furnace (501) installed at the top of the upper support (2). The tubular heating furnace (501) has a cylindrical cavity that runs vertically through the middle. A vertical quartz tube (502) is installed inside the cylindrical cavity. A perforated heat transfer zone is installed in the middle of the vertical quartz tube (502) and is installed vertically in the hollow area inside the tubular heating furnace (501). The bottom outer wall of the vertical quartz tube (502) is fixed in the inner hole of the adapter by high temperature resistant composite adhesive. The adapter is installed in the threaded hole in the center of the upper bracket (2) steel plate by external thread. The top of the vertical quartz tube (502) is connected to the end of the air pipe of the vacuum pump (504) via a curved quartz tube (503). The straight section of the curved quartz tube (503) inserted into the vertical quartz tube (502) is provided with an integrated retaining ring with an outer diameter larger than that of the vertical quartz tube (502).

10. The experimental apparatus for evaluating the thermal sensitivity of gunpowder according to claim 8, characterized in that, The control terminal (7) is electrically connected to the pressure sensor (3083), the pressure relief motor (3061), the dynamic torque sensor (3063), the laser beam sensor (404), the air compressor (405), the high-speed camera (601), the infrared thermometer (602), and the computer (603).

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