Power supply recovery method and device for power distribution area and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a power supply recovery method and device for a power distribution area and electronic equipment. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring transformer area data of a power distribution transformer area; determining fault data corresponding to the trip circuit breaker; determining a directed graph model corresponding to the power distribution transformer area according to the transformer area real-time topological data; in the directed graph model, traversing upwards step by step along a father node direction corresponding to the trip circuit breaker according to the fault data until a target condition is reached, and obtaining an effective fault propagation path; determining a physical isolation area in the power distribution area according to the effective fault propagation path, and controlling all circuit breakers in the physical isolation area to be in an opening state; and determining a power supply recovery strategy according to the effective fault propagation path, and controlling to execute the power supply recovery strategy. According to the method and the device, the technical problems that in the prior art, when power supply of the power distribution area is recovered, manual troubleshooting is needed, time is short, associated faults are likely to be generated in the troubleshooting process, and power supply recovery time is short are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of power systems, in particular to a power distribution area recovery power supply method and device and electronic equipment. BACKGROUND

[0002] As the core power supply unit of the low-voltage distribution network, the power distribution area is directly related to the power reliability of the general public. The processing efficiency after the failure (such as circuit breaker tripping) of the power distribution area is crucial to the quality of power supply service. At present, the failure processing of the power distribution area mainly depends on the manual investigation mode: after the failure occurs, the maintenance personnel need to check the line and equipment on site to locate the fault area and restore power supply.

[0003] Due to the large number of devices in the area and the complex electrical topology, manual investigation not only takes a long time and is difficult to quickly lock the fault point, but also is easy to cause dependent failures due to operation errors, further prolonging the power restoration time. At the same time, the traditional method lacks accurate analysis of the area topology and systematic tracking of the fault path, so it is easy to expand the power outage range during fault isolation, resulting in unnecessary power outage of non-fault area users; there is no standardized strategy for power restoration process, and blind closing may trigger tripping again, reducing the power restoration success rate.

[0004] The above-mentioned manual-led, lack of automation and accuracy processing method has been difficult to meet the needs of users for fast and reliable power supply, and there is an urgent need for a technical solution that can realize the full-process automation of fault processing, accurate fault positioning and efficient power restoration.

[0005] At present, no effective solution has been proposed to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0006] The embodiments of the present application provide a power distribution area recovery power supply method, device and electronic equipment to at least solve the technical problems in the related art that manual investigation is required when the power distribution area recovers power supply, the time is slow, and dependent failures are easy to occur during the investigation process, resulting in slow power restoration time.

[0007] According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a power distribution area recovery power supply method is provided, comprising: acquiring power distribution area data of a power distribution area, wherein the power distribution area data comprises real-time topology data of the power distribution area and circuit breaker state data of a target circuit breaker; determining fault data corresponding to a tripped circuit breaker, wherein the target circuit breaker comprises the tripped circuit breaker; determining a directed graph model corresponding to the power distribution area according to the real-time topology data of the power distribution area, wherein the directed graph model comprises a plurality of nodes, a plurality of edges, the plurality of nodes comprise a root node, the nodes represent power distribution area devices, the edges represent electrical connection relationships between the devices, and the root node represents an outlet of a low-voltage side of a power distribution transformer; in the directed graph model, traversing upwards step by step along a parent node direction of the tripped circuit breaker according to the fault data until a target condition is reached to obtain an effective fault propagation path, wherein the target condition comprises reaching the root node or reaching a communication interruption node; determining a physical isolation area in the power distribution area according to the effective fault propagation path and controlling all circuit breakers in the physical isolation area to be in an open state; determining a recovery power supply strategy according to the effective fault propagation path and controlling the recovery power supply strategy to be executed.

[0008] Optionally, determining the directed graph model corresponding to the power distribution area according to the real-time topology data of the power distribution area comprises: determining a structured event tuple corresponding to the tripped circuit breaker according to the fault data, wherein the structured event tuple comprises a fault timestamp, a fault topology location code, a fault type code, and a power parameter value at a tripping time; collecting state change data of the target circuit breaker and a plurality of related incoming and outgoing lines within a predetermined time after the fault data is received; determining a fault misjudgment result between an upper circuit breaker and a lower circuit breaker in the target circuit breaker according to the structured event tuple, the circuit breaker state data, and the state change data; and in a case where the misjudgment result is a non-misjudgment result, determining the directed graph model according to the real-time topology data of the power distribution area.

[0009] Optionally, determining the fault misjudgment result between the upper circuit breaker and the lower circuit breaker in the target circuit breaker according to the structured event tuple, the circuit breaker state data, and the state change data comprises: determining a time difference, a current gradient ratio, and a fault type between the upper circuit breaker and the lower circuit breaker according to the structured event tuple, the circuit breaker state data, and the state change data; and in a case where the time difference is less than a predetermined time threshold, the current gradient ratio is greater than a predetermined gradient threshold, and the fault types are consistent, determining that the fault misjudgment result is a non-misjudgment result.

[0010] Optionally, determining the physical isolation area in the power distribution substation according to the effective fault propagation path comprises: determining the most downstream tripping node corresponding to the effective fault propagation path; and determining the area corresponding to all branches downstream of the most downstream tripping node and corresponding nodes as the physical isolation area.

[0011] Optionally, determining the power recovery strategy according to the effective fault propagation path comprises: in the case of multi-stage tripping, determining a hierarchical closing strategy as the power recovery strategy according to the effective fault propagation path, wherein the hierarchical closing strategy comprises sending a closing instruction to the most downstream tripping circuit breaker, in the case of receiving state change data of the most downstream tripping circuit breaker within a set time limit, continuing to send a closing instruction to the next stage tripping circuit breaker until power is recovered, and in the case of not receiving the state change data of the most downstream tripping circuit breaker, terminating the execution of the power recovery strategy; and / or in the case of over-stage tripping, determining an over-stage closing strategy as the power recovery strategy according to the effective fault propagation path, wherein the over-stage closing strategy comprises sending a closing instruction to the most downstream tripping circuit breaker, in the case of receiving state change data of the most downstream tripping circuit breaker within a set time limit, continuing to send a closing instruction to the next stage tripping circuit breaker until power is recovered, in the case of not receiving the state change data of the most downstream tripping circuit breaker, continuing to send a closing instruction to the next stage tripping circuit breaker, and in the case of receiving state change data of the next stage tripping circuit breaker within a set time limit, recovering power supply of an independent branch line corresponding to the next stage tripping circuit breaker.

[0012] Optionally, controlling the execution of the power recovery strategy comprises: after sending a closing instruction each time, detecting a current change rate of three-phase current of a branch downstream of a corresponding circuit breaker; in the case of the current change rate being greater than a predetermined change threshold, sending a tripping instruction to the corresponding circuit breaker and terminating the execution of the corresponding power recovery strategy.

[0013] Optionally, in the directed graph model, the effective fault propagation path is obtained by traversing upwards level by level along parent nodes corresponding to the tripping circuit breaker until a target condition according to the fault data, which comprises: in the directed graph model, the initial fault propagation path is obtained by traversing upwards level by level along parent nodes corresponding to the tripping circuit breaker until a target condition according to the fault data; consistency verification is performed on all tripping circuit breaker nodes on the initial fault propagation path, wherein the consistency verification comprises at least one of the following: tripping time difference verification, fault type verification, protection time delay verification, and current gradient verification; and in the case of meeting the consistency verification, the effective fault propagation path is determined according to the initial fault propagation path.

[0014] According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided an apparatus for restoring power supply of a power distribution area, comprising: an obtaining module configured to obtain area data of the power distribution area, wherein the area data comprises real-time topology data of the area and circuit breaker state data of a target circuit breaker; a first determining module configured to determine fault data corresponding to a tripped circuit breaker, wherein the target circuit breaker comprises the tripped circuit breaker; a second determining module configured to determine a directed graph model corresponding to the power distribution area according to the real-time topology data of the area, wherein the directed graph model comprises a plurality of nodes and a plurality of edges, the plurality of nodes comprise a root node, the nodes represent area devices, the edges represent electrical connection relationships between the devices, and the root node represents an outlet of a low-voltage side of a power distribution transformer; a third determining module configured to traverse upwards step by step along a parent node direction of the tripped circuit breaker in the directed graph model according to the fault data until a target condition is reached, to obtain an effective fault propagation path, wherein the target condition comprises reaching the root node or reaching a communication interruption node; a fourth determining module configured to determine a physical isolation region in the power distribution area according to the effective fault propagation path, and control all circuit breakers in the physical isolation region to be in an open state; and a fifth determining module configured to determine a power supply restoration strategy according to the effective fault propagation path, and control the power supply restoration strategy to be executed.

[0015] According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided an electronic device, comprising: a processor; a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor; wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement the power distribution area power supply restoration method of any of the above.

[0016] According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium, when instructions in the computer-readable storage medium are executed by a processor of an electronic device, the electronic device is enabled to perform the power distribution area power supply restoration method of any of the above.

[0017] In the embodiment of the present application, the substation data of the power distribution substation is acquired, wherein the substation data includes substation real-time topology data and circuit breaker state data of the target circuit breaker; the fault data corresponding to the tripped circuit breaker is determined, wherein the target circuit breaker includes the tripped circuit breaker; the directed graph model corresponding to the power distribution substation is determined according to the substation real-time topology data, wherein the directed graph model includes a plurality of nodes, a plurality of edges, the plurality of nodes include a root node, the nodes represent substation equipment, the edges represent the electrical connection relationship between the equipment, and the root node represents the outlet of the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer; in the directed graph model, the effective fault propagation path is obtained by traversing upwards along the parent node direction of the tripped circuit breaker step by step until the target condition according to the fault data, wherein the target condition includes: reaching the root node and reaching the communication interruption node; the physical isolation area in the power distribution substation is determined according to the effective fault propagation path, and all circuit breakers in the physical isolation area are controlled to be in the tripped state; the power recovery strategy is determined according to the effective fault propagation path, and the power recovery strategy is executed. By adopting the method of topology analysis, fault path tracking and self-healing power recovery, the directed graph model is constructed by acquiring the substation real-time topology data and the circuit breaker state data, the effective fault propagation path is determined by reverse traversing along the parent node direction of the tripped circuit breaker, the fault area is accurately located, the circuit breakers in the fault area are controlled to be tripped to achieve physical isolation, and then the self-healing power recovery strategy is executed. The purpose of achieving the full-process automation of fault handling, avoiding the risk of fault troubleshooting, and quickly recovering the power supply in the non-fault area is achieved. Thus, the technical effects of greatly shortening the action time of fault self-healing, reducing the power outage range of the non-fault area, and improving the power recovery success rate are achieved. Further, the technical problem that in the related art, manual troubleshooting is required when the power supply of the power distribution substation is recovered, the time is relatively slow, and the troubleshooting process is easy to cause associated faults, resulting in slow power recovery time is solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] The drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the present application, constitute a part of the present application, and the illustrative embodiments of the present application and the description thereof are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a power recovery method of a power distribution substation according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an enlarged power outage range caused by circuit breaker tripping in the related art;

[0021] Figure 3 FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an optional method provided by the present application;

[0022] Figure 4 FIG. 4 is a structural block diagram of a power recovery device of a power distribution substation according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to better understand the technical scheme of the present application, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts should fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0024] It should be noted that the terms first, second, etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily indicate a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data thus used can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms include and have and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product or device including a series of steps or units does not necessarily limit to the clearly listed steps or units, but can include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to the process, method, product or device.

[0025] Embodiment 1

[0026] According to the embodiments of the present application, an embodiment of a power distribution area recovery power supply method is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described herein can be executed in an order different from that shown herein.

[0027] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a power distribution area recovery power supply method according to the embodiments of the present application, as shown in Figure 1 The method comprises the following steps:

[0028] Step S102, obtaining the area data of the power distribution area, wherein the area data comprises real-time topology data of the area and circuit breaker state data of the target circuit breaker;

[0029] In the step S102 provided in the present application, the area data of the power distribution area is obtained.

[0030] The power distribution area is related to the power distribution area, which is the basic power supply unit of the low-voltage power distribution network, including power distribution transformers, branch boxes, meter boxes, intelligent circuit breakers and user loads, etc., and is the core action range of fault self-healing.

[0031] Among them, the substation data is involved, which is the core data set supporting the fault analysis and processing of the power distribution substation, including but not limited to real-time topology data of the substation and circuit breaker state data of the target circuit breaker.

[0032] Among them, the real-time topology data of the substation is involved, which reflects the dynamic data of the connection relationship of the equipment in the power distribution substation, including the position information and subordinate relationship (upstream and downstream power supply link) of the transformer, branch box, meter box, intelligent circuit breaker and other equipment in the substation. Optionally, it can be set to automatically refresh every 5 minutes to adapt to equipment addition and subtraction and topology changes.

[0033] Among them, the target circuit breaker is involved, which is all intelligent circuit breakers in the substation that are included in the scope of intelligent monitoring, including circuit breakers that may be tripped in the future (trip circuit breakers) and circuit breakers that are normally running, and is the core object of state data collection.

[0034] Among them, the circuit breaker state data is involved, which is the real-time running data of the target circuit breaker, which can include three types of key information: first, remote signaling data such as real-time on-off state of the circuit breaker and communication state of the circuit breaker; second, remote measurement data such as real-time power parameter data such as current effective value and voltage effective value; third, active reporting state word such as short-circuit instantaneous tripping 0x01 and short-circuit short-time tripping 0x02 fault type identifier.

[0035] In this step, the substation data in the power distribution substation is collected in real time. On the one hand, the electrical connection relationship between the substation equipment can be automatically identified through the HPLC communication network to obtain and update the real-time topology data of the substation. On the other hand, for all target circuit breakers included in the monitoring, remote signaling, remote measurement and active reporting state word are collected synchronously, and high-precision time stamp is added to each type of data to ensure the timeliness and integrity of the data. Avoid the problem that the directed graph model consistent with the actual situation cannot be constructed in the future due to the lack of real-time topology data, which may lead to the wrong direction of fault path tracking.

[0036] Step S104, determining the fault data corresponding to the tripped circuit breaker, wherein the target circuit breaker includes the tripped circuit breaker;

[0037] In step S104 provided in the present application, the fault data corresponding to the tripped circuit breaker is determined.

[0038] Among them, the tripped circuit breaker is involved, which is the circuit breaker in the target circuit breaker that reports the trip state word (such as short-circuit instantaneous tripping 0x01 and ground fault tripping 0x04), which is the direct identification object of the fault, and in the case of multiple tripped circuit breakers, a tripped circuit breaker set can be formed.

[0039] The fault data is directly related to the tripping circuit breaker and is key data for fault analysis, can be a reported tripping state word data, can include a high-precision time stamp of a tripping time, a topological position code of the tripping circuit breaker, a fault type code, a current effective value at the time of tripping, and a voltage effective value, and is not limited here, and can be adaptively set according to actual application and scene.

[0040] In this step, the fault data is received, and the tripping circuit breaker is determined. For each tripping circuit breaker, the corresponding fault data such as the tripping time, the topological position, the fault type, the current and voltage is determined. The determination of the fault data corresponding to the tripping circuit breaker indicates that a tripping fault phenomenon is encountered in the power distribution area, and the fault needs to be handled according to the alignment of the corresponding data.

[0041] In step S106, a directed graph model corresponding to the power distribution area is determined according to real-time topological data of the area, wherein the directed graph model includes a plurality of nodes, a plurality of edges, the plurality of nodes include a root node, the nodes represent area devices, the edges represent electrical connection relationships between devices, and the root node represents an outlet of a low-voltage side of a distribution transformer.

[0042] In step S106, a directed graph model corresponding to the power distribution area is determined according to real-time topological data of the area.

[0043] The node is a basic element of the directed graph model, corresponds to various devices in the power distribution area, and specifically includes a distribution transformer outlet, a branch box, a meter box, an intelligent circuit breaker (including a tripping circuit breaker), and the like.

[0044] The edge is an element connecting the nodes in the directed graph model, is used to represent an electrical connection relationship between two nodes, and the direction of the edge is consistent with the power supply direction (for example, from the root node to the downstream branch box node), so as to clearly indicate the upstream and downstream relationships between devices.

[0045] The root node is a starting node of the directed graph model, corresponds to an outlet of a low-voltage side of a distribution transformer, is a source of all power supply links in the area, and is one of the termination conditions for subsequent fault path traversal.

[0046] The area device is a type of hardware device participating in power supply or monitoring in the power distribution area, including a distribution transformer, a branch box, a meter box, an intelligent circuit breaker, and the like, and is a physical carrier of the node in the directed graph model.

[0047] The electrical connection relationship is a power supply link relationship between area devices formed through a wire, determines a fault current propagation path (for example, transformer→branch box→meter box→user), and is a physical meaning of the edge in the directed graph model.

[0048] Among them, the low-voltage side outlet of the distribution transformer is also understood as the output end after the distribution transformer converts high-voltage power into low-voltage power (such as 220V / 380V), which is the starting point of the power supply of the transformer area, corresponding to the root node of the directed graph model.

[0049] In this step, the directed graph model of the power distribution transformer area is constructed according to the real-time topology data of the transformer area. Through the directed graph model, the node-edge association can be adjusted in real time according to the increase or decrease of equipment, the change of connection relationship and other situations, so as to ensure that the model is always consistent with the actual topology.

[0050] Through this step, the abstract connection relationship of the transformer area equipment is converted into a directed graph model of nodes and edges, which can realize the visualization and structuring of the topology relationship, and the subsequent fault path traversal can be accurately promoted according to the upstream and downstream relationship of the nodes, avoiding the error of traversal direction caused by the confusion of topology memory (such as mistakenly taking the downstream equipment as the parent node).

[0051] Step S108, in the directed graph model, according to the fault data, the parent node corresponding to the tripping circuit breaker is traversed step by step upwards along the direction until the target condition, and the effective fault propagation path is obtained, wherein the target condition includes: reaching the root node, reaching the communication interruption node;

[0052] In the step S108 provided in the present application, the effective fault propagation path is determined.

[0053] Among them, the effective fault propagation path is the path obtained by traversing upwards along the parent node from the tripping circuit breaker. By determining the propagation path, it is helpful to determine the physical isolation area according to the path in the subsequent step, and to reduce the influence range of the fault.

[0054] Among them, the parent node is the upstream power supply equipment node of a certain node in the directed graph model, that is, the node obtains power supply through the parent node, for example, the parent node of the circuit breaker in the meter box is the branch box node, and the parent node of the branch box node is the low-voltage side outlet node of the transformer, which is the core basis for the direction of fault path traversal.

[0055] Among them, the target condition is the termination rule of the fault path traversal, including two cases: one is to reach the root node, the low-voltage side outlet of the distribution transformer, that is, to traverse to the power supply source; the other is to reach the communication interruption node, such as the device communication fault, such as HPLC module fault, signal interruption, which cannot continue to traverse because it cannot upload state data to the intelligent fusion terminal.

[0056] Among them, the communication interruption node is a node in the transformer area equipment that cannot upload state data to the intelligent fusion terminal due to communication failure, such as HPLC module failure, signal interruption.

[0057] Through this step, the node corresponding to the tripped circuit breaker is taken as the traversal starting point, and the parent node of the node is pushed upwards, that is, the power supply head direction is traversed, the upstream nodes such as parent nodes, grandparent nodes and the like are accessed in turn, and each time a node is accessed, if the root node is reached or a communication interruption node is encountered in the traversal process, the traversal is terminated. By traversing upwards along the parent node, the fault-related propagation path can be accurately screened out, and irrelevant node interference such as normal equipment nodes not participating in fault propagation can be excluded, so as to avoid the expansion of the subsequent fault isolation range due to path misjudgment. At the same time, the root node and the communication interruption node are taken as the termination conditions, which can not only ensure that the traversal covers the complete fault propagation link until the power supply head, but also avoid invalid traversal caused by communication fault nodes, and improve the path acquisition efficiency. The effective fault propagation path obtained finally can provide accurate path basis for subsequent fault isolation and power recovery strategy making, and reduce blind operation.

[0058] In step S110, the physical isolation area in the distribution area is determined according to the effective fault propagation path, and all circuit breakers in the physical isolation area are controlled to be in the open state.

[0059] In the step S110 provided in the present application, the physical isolation area in the distribution area is determined according to the effective fault propagation path, and all circuit breakers in the physical isolation area are controlled to be in the open state.

[0060] Among them, the physical isolation area is determined according to the effective fault propagation path, and the area needs to be cut off for power supply to isolate the fault, specifically the downstream area of the most downstream tripped node in the effective fault propagation path, and the most downstream tripped node is the node with the deepest topology level in the path and closest to the fault source, and its downstream is the area where the fault may exist.

[0061] Among them, the open state is related to the open state of the circuit breaker, at this time the circuit between the two ends of the circuit breaker is in the open state and cannot transmit current, which can realize the cut-off of power supply to the downstream area.

[0062] In this step, according to the effective fault propagation path, the most downstream tripping node in the path is identified, that is, the tripping node with the deepest topology level in the path and closest to the fault source, and then, taking the most downstream tripping node as the boundary, the area covered by all devices downstream of the most downstream tripping node is determined as the physical isolation area, which is the core range where the fault may exist. Finally, the intelligent fusion terminal issues an opening command to all circuit breakers in the physical isolation area to control these circuit breakers to switch to the open state and cut off the power supply of the isolation area, thereby realizing fault isolation. Based on the effective fault propagation path, the physical isolation area is determined, the range where the fault may exist is accurately locked, and the isolation area is not blindly expanded to cause non-fault user power outage, such as only isolating the downstream area of the most downstream tripping node instead of the entire power supply link, thereby minimizing the power outage impact. At the same time, the circuit breakers are remotely controlled to open to achieve isolation, without the need for manual on-site operation. Compared with the traditional manual isolation, the isolation time can be greatly shortened, and the safety and efficiency of fault isolation can be improved.

[0063] Step S112, according to the effective fault propagation path, a power recovery strategy is determined, and the power recovery strategy is controlled to be executed.

[0064] In the step S112 provided in the present application, the power recovery strategy is determined according to the effective fault propagation path, and the power recovery strategy is controlled to be executed.

[0065] Among them, the power recovery strategy is involved, the power recovery strategy is an operation scheme for recovering the power supply of the non-fault area according to the characteristics of the effective fault propagation path, such as path length, tripping node level, whether there is an overstep tripping, and the power recovery strategy can be selected. The core of the power recovery strategy can be set to a from far to near and step-by-step exploration strategy, such as preferentially closing the most downstream non-fault circuit breaker, and then closing the upstream circuit breaker step by step, and a safety mechanism for monitoring the current change rate is included. In order to quickly and safely recover the power supply.

[0066] By the above steps S102-S112, the substation data of the power distribution substation is obtained, wherein the substation data includes substation real-time topology data and circuit breaker state data of the target circuit breaker; the fault data corresponding to the tripped circuit breaker is determined, wherein the target circuit breaker includes the tripped circuit breaker; a directed graph model corresponding to the power distribution substation is determined according to the substation real-time topology data, wherein the directed graph model includes a plurality of nodes, a plurality of edges, the plurality of nodes include a root node, the nodes represent substation equipment, the edges represent electrical connection relationships between the equipment, and the root node represents an outlet on a low-voltage side of a power distribution transformer; in the directed graph model, the effective fault propagation path is obtained by traversing upwards level by level along a parent node direction of the tripped circuit breaker until a target condition according to the fault data, wherein the target condition includes reaching the root node and reaching a communication interruption node; the physical isolation area in the power distribution substation is determined according to the effective fault propagation path, and all circuit breakers in the physical isolation area are controlled to be in an open state; and the power restoration strategy is determined according to the effective fault propagation path, and the power restoration strategy is executed. By adopting the mode of topology analysis, fault path tracking, and self-healing power restoration, the directed graph model is constructed by obtaining the substation real-time topology data and the circuit breaker state data, the effective fault propagation path is determined by reverse traversal along the parent node direction of the tripped circuit breaker, the fault area is accurately located, the circuit breakers in the fault area are controlled to be open to achieve physical isolation, and then the self-healing power restoration strategy is executed, so as to achieve the purposes of fault handling full-process automation, avoidance of fault troubleshooting associated risks, and rapid restoration of power supply in non-fault areas, thereby realizing the technical effects of greatly shortened self-healing action time, reduced power outage range in non-fault areas, and improved power restoration success rate, and further solving the technical problems of slow manual troubleshooting and easy occurrence of associated faults in the process of troubleshooting in related technologies, thereby causing slow power restoration.

[0067] As an optional embodiment, determining the directed graph model corresponding to the power distribution substation according to the substation real-time topology data includes: determining a structured event tuple corresponding to the tripped circuit breaker according to the fault data, wherein the structured event tuple includes a fault timestamp, a fault topology location code, a fault type code, and a power parameter value at the tripping moment; collecting state change data of the target circuit breaker and a plurality of related incoming and outgoing lines within a predetermined time after the fault data is received; determining a fault misjudgment result between a superior circuit breaker and an inferior circuit breaker in the target circuit breaker according to the structured event tuple, the circuit breaker state data, and the state change data; and in the case of a non-misjudgment result of the misjudgment result, determining the directed graph model according to the substation real-time topology data.

[0068] In this embodiment, the specific process of determining the directed graph model corresponding to the power distribution substation is described.

[0069] Among them, the structured event tuple is involved, which is a standard data format formed based on fault data sorting, is specially used for fault analysis, contains fault timestamp, fault topology location code, fault type code, power parameter value at the moment of tripping, and can clearly present the key characteristics of the fault.

[0070] Among them, the fault timestamp is involved, which is high-precision time information recording the moment of fault (tripping) occurrence.

[0071] Among them, the fault topology location code is involved, which is a code identifying the specific location of the tripping circuit breaker in the distribution area topology, which can quickly locate the spatial affiliation of the tripping device.

[0072] Among them, the fault type code is involved, which is a specific code representing the type of fault, such as short circuit, ground fault, etc., which facilitates quick differentiation of fault nature.

[0073] Among them, the power parameter value at the moment of tripping is involved, which is the power data related to the tripping circuit breaker at the moment of tripping, such as current effective value, voltage effective value, etc., which is used to analyze the power state at the moment of fault occurrence.

[0074] Among them, the predetermined time is involved, which is a fixed time period (such as 10 seconds) set after receiving fault data, used to collect device state changes within that period, ensuring that the data covers the key period after the fault occurs.

[0075] Among them, the related incoming and outgoing lines are involved, which are the incoming line devices (upstream line devices providing power) and outgoing line devices (downstream line devices receiving power) directly associated with the target circuit breaker in the power supply link, whose state changes are closely related to fault analysis.

[0076] Among them, the upper circuit breaker is involved, which is the circuit breaker upstream in the power supply link of the distribution area.

[0077] Among them, the lower circuit breaker is involved, which is the downstream circuit breaker receiving power from the upstream circuit breaker in the power supply link of the distribution area, and has a direct power supply affiliation with the upstream circuit breaker.

[0078] Among them, the fault misjudgment result is involved, which is based on related data to determine whether the fault between the upper and lower circuit breakers is a misjudgment, such as whether the normal time delay protection is misjudged as an abnormal fault, which is divided into misjudgment result and non-misjudgment result.

[0079] Among them, the non-misjudgment result is involved, which refers to the analysis confirming that the fault between the upper and lower circuit breakers is a real fault, rather than a misjudgment scenario.

[0080] In this step, the pre-core process of power distribution area fault analysis is explained. The structured event tuple corresponding to the tripping circuit breaker is sorted out according to the fault data, and the time, location, type of the fault and the power parameters at the time of tripping are determined. Within a predetermined time after receiving the fault data, the state change data of the target circuit breaker and multiple related incoming and outgoing lines are collected to supplement the dynamic information of the equipment after the fault. Combined with the structured event tuple, the circuit breaker state data and the state change data, it is judged whether the fault between the upper and lower circuit breakers of the target circuit breaker is misjudged; in the fourth step, if the judgment result is non-misjudgment (i.e. it is confirmed to be a real fault), a directed graph model reflecting the connection relationship of the equipment in the area is constructed according to the real-time topology data of the area.

[0081] In this way, the structured event tuple improves the efficiency and accuracy of fault analysis. The scattered fault data is sorted into a structured format containing fixed core information, which can avoid information extraction delay or omission caused by data confusion in subsequent analysis, allowing analysts or systems to directly call key information such as fault time, location, type, reducing errors in data processing links, and laying a precise data foundation for subsequent judgments. The state change data within the predetermined time supplements the key information, which can fully capture the chain state reaction caused by the fault, avoid misjudgment of the fault correlation relationship due to incomplete data collection (such as missing the tripping sequence of the upper and lower circuit breakers), and further enrich the basis for fault analysis. By comprehensively judging whether the fault between the upper and lower circuit breakers is misjudged through multiple types of data (structured event tuple, circuit breaker state data, state change data), the normal protection delay (such as normal logic of lower short-time delay tripping and upper instantaneous tripping) can be excluded from misjudgment as abnormal fault, avoiding unnecessary isolation or power restoration operations based on misjudgment results, saving system resources and processing time. And only when it is confirmed that the fault is a real fault (non-misjudgment), a directed graph model is constructed, which can ensure that the directed graph model is for a real fault scenario, avoiding waste of model resources caused by modeling of misjudgment scenarios.

[0082] As an optional embodiment, the fault misjudgment result between the upper and lower circuit breakers in the target circuit breaker is determined according to the structured event tuple, the circuit breaker state data and the state change data, including: determining the time difference, current gradient ratio and fault type between the upper and lower circuit breakers according to the structured event tuple, the circuit breaker state data and the state change data; in the case that the time difference is less than a predetermined time threshold, the current gradient ratio is greater than a predetermined gradient threshold, and the fault type is consistent, the fault misjudgment result is determined as a non-misjudgment result.

[0083] In this embodiment, the process of determining the fault misjudgment result is explained.

[0084] This involves the time difference, which is the time interval between the tripping actions of the upstream circuit breaker and the downstream circuit breaker. It is used to determine whether there is a timing correlation between the tripping actions of the two circuit breakers (whether they are caused by the same fault).

[0085] This involves the current gradient ratio, which is the ratio of the power parameter value (such as the effective value of current) at the time of tripping of the upstream circuit breaker to the power parameter value (such as the effective value of current) at the time of tripping of the downstream circuit breaker. It is used to reflect the transmission intensity of fault current between upstream and downstream circuit breakers and to determine whether there is abnormal current transmission.

[0086] This involves fault types, which are the fault categories corresponding to circuit breaker tripping (such as short circuit, ground fault, etc.). The fault type code is used to identify whether the tripping of upstream and downstream circuit breakers is caused by the same type of fault.

[0087] This involves a predetermined time threshold, which is a pre-set time standard (e.g., 10 seconds) for judging the correlation of tripping timing between upper and lower level circuit breakers. If the time difference is less than this threshold, it indicates that the tripping of both circuit breakers may be caused by the same fault.

[0088] This involves a predetermined gradient threshold, which is a pre-set standard for judging the current ratio of fault current transmission intensity. If the current gradient ratio is greater than the threshold, it indicates that the current change between the upper and lower level circuit breakers meets the characteristics of an abnormal fault.

[0089] This step describes the specific process for determining false fault assessment results. Combining structured event tuples, circuit breaker status data, and status change data, the time difference and current gradient ratio between the upstream and downstream circuit breakers are extracted and calculated, while simultaneously confirming the fault types of both. Subsequently, if conditions are met, such as the time difference being less than a predetermined time threshold, the current gradient ratio being greater than a predetermined gradient threshold, and the fault types being consistent, the false fault assessment result is determined to be a true fault, confirming that the fault between the upstream and downstream circuit breakers is a genuine abnormal fault.

[0090] This method enables multi-dimensional data-driven comprehensive judgment, improving the accuracy of fault diagnosis. By combining three key indicators—time difference (time series correlation), current gradient ratio (fault current intensity), and fault type (fault nature)—the correlation of faults can be verified from three dimensions: time series, intensity, and nature. This significantly reduces misjudgments caused by single data deviations or random factors, ensuring accurate identification of genuine faults. By presetting predetermined time and gradient thresholds, the fault judgment standard is transformed from subjective experience-based judgment to quantitative data comparison. In different scenarios, the threshold can be adjusted based on the actual power supply parameters of the transformer area (such as line current carrying capacity), ensuring the uniformity of judgment standards and adapting to the operating characteristics of different transformer areas. This avoids judgment biases caused by differences in subjective human judgment (such as different personnel having different understandings of the concept of "closer time, higher current"). Only after confirming that the fault is not a misjudgment (a genuine abnormal fault) will subsequent operations such as directed graph model construction and fault path tracing be initiated. If normal protection logic (such as the normal coordination of short-delay tripping at the lower level and instantaneous tripping at the upper level) is mistakenly identified as a fault, it will trigger an invalid fault handling process (such as unnecessary isolation or power restoration operations), wasting system resources and time. This judgment process can accurately screen out the real fault, ensuring that subsequent handling actions are all aimed at valid faults, improving fault self-healing efficiency, and avoiding interference with normal power supply from invalid operations.

[0091] As an optional embodiment, the physical isolation area in the distribution transformer area is determined based on the effective fault propagation path, including: determining the downstream tripping node corresponding to the effective fault propagation path; taking the downstream tripping node as the starting node, determining all branches downstream of the starting node and the area corresponding to the corresponding nodes as the physical isolation area.

[0092] In this embodiment, the steps for determining the physical isolation zone in the distribution radio area are described.

[0093] This involves the downstream tripping node, which is the tripping node with the deepest topology and closest to the fault source in the effective fault propagation path. This node is the critical boundary for fault propagation, and its downstream area is likely the actual range where the fault exists.

[0094] This involves the starting node, which is the node used as the reference starting point when determining the physical isolation area. Here, it refers to the downstream tripping node, which is used to define the upstream boundary of the isolation area.

[0095] This involves branch lines, which are lines that branch off from the main link in the power supply link of the distribution transformer area. Each branch line corresponds to a specific downstream device or user and is an important component of the power supply network of the distribution transformer area.

[0096] This step describes the process for defining the physical isolation zone of the distribution transformer area. The downstream tripping node is located from the effective fault propagation path. Starting from this downstream tripping node, the area covered by all its downstream branches and the nodes corresponding to these branches is defined as the physical isolation zone requiring power disconnection.

[0097] This method allows for precise identification of the fault range, reducing power outages in non-faulty areas. Since the downstream tripping node is the closest node to the fault source in the effective fault propagation path, its downstream area represents the core area where the fault is most likely to exist. Delineating the isolation zone using this node as the boundary avoids including upstream non-faulty branches or nodes in the isolation, minimizing the power outage area and reducing the impact on non-faulty users' power supply. Choosing a node further upstream as the boundary could lead to the mis-isolation of many non-faulty areas, prolonging the power outage time for innocent users. Furthermore, the isolation zone explicitly includes all downstream branches and corresponding nodes of the starting node, comprehensively covering links where the fault may spread. If a downstream branch or node is missed and not isolated, the fault current may propagate to other areas through that branch, causing new equipment trips or escalating the fault. This process eliminates such risks through the clear definition of all branches and corresponding nodes. The effective fault propagation path has already pre-screened the links related to the fault; the downstream tripping node determined based on this path has a clear fault correlation, eliminating the need for a thorough investigation of the entire distribution area. Using this node as a starting point to quickly delineate the isolation area can significantly shorten the isolation decision time. Compared with the traditional method of manually checking and delineating areas, it can complete the fault isolation faster and buy time for subsequent power restoration.

[0098] As an optional embodiment, the power restoration strategy is determined based on the effective fault propagation path, including: when the fault condition is multi-level tripping, determining a tiered closing strategy as the power restoration strategy based on the effective fault propagation path, wherein the tiered closing strategy involves sending a closing command to the lowest-level tripping circuit breaker; if state change data of the lowest-level tripping circuit breaker is received within a set time limit, continuing to send a closing command to the next higher-level tripping circuit breaker until power is restored; if no state change data of the lowest-level tripping circuit breaker is received, terminating the execution of the power restoration strategy; and / or, when the fault condition is cascading tripping... Based on the effective fault propagation path, the over-level closing strategy is determined to be the power supply restoration strategy. Specifically, the over-level closing strategy involves sending a closing command to the lowest-level tripped circuit breaker. If a status change data corresponding to the lowest-level tripped circuit breaker is received within a set time limit, a closing command is sent to the next higher-level tripped circuit breaker until power supply is restored. If no status change data is received from the lowest-level tripped circuit breaker, a closing command is sent to the next higher-level tripped circuit breaker. If a status change data corresponding to the previous higher-level tripped circuit breaker is received within a set time limit, power supply to the independent branch line corresponding to the previous higher-level tripped circuit breaker is restored.

[0099] This embodiment illustrates the process of determining a power restoration strategy.

[0100] This involves fault scenarios, which are the specific types or characteristics of faults occurring within the distribution transformer area. These can include two different fault triggering scenarios: multi-level tripping and cascading tripping. Fault scenarios can be determined through effective fault propagation paths.

[0101] This involves multi-level tripping, which is a fault situation in which the fault current is transmitted along the continuous power supply link of the distribution substation, causing multiple circuit breakers to trip sequentially from the upper level to the lower level (such as the upper-level circuit breaker, the intermediate circuit breaker, and the lowest-level circuit breaker tripping in sequence). The tripping link is continuous.

[0102] This involves a tiered closing strategy, which is a power restoration strategy for multi-level tripping faults. The core of the tiered closing strategy is to send closing commands step by step from the lowest level to the next level, and use status feedback to determine whether to continue closing upwards until power restoration is completed.

[0103] This involves the lowest-level tripping circuit breaker, which is the circuit breaker with the deepest topology and closest to the user in a fault link with multi-level or cascading tripping. It is the first circuit breaker to be attempted to be closed in the power restoration strategy.

[0104] This involves a closing command, which is an operation command sent to the corresponding circuit breaker to switch the circuit breaker from the open state to the closed state in an attempt to restore power supply.

[0105] This involves setting a time limit, which is a pre-set time period for waiting for circuit breaker status feedback (e.g., 3 seconds), used to determine whether the closing command successfully triggers a change in the circuit breaker status, thus avoiding indefinite waiting.

[0106] This involves the upstream tripping circuit breaker, which is the circuit breaker located upstream of the lowest-level tripping circuit breaker in the continuous power supply link of multi-level tripping and has also tripped. It is the target of subsequent attempts to close the circuit in the hierarchical closing strategy.

[0107] This involves cascading tripping, which is a fault situation where the fault current skips the intermediate non-faulty circuit breaker, directly causing the upstream and downstream circuit breakers to trip simultaneously (e.g., the upstream and downstream circuit breakers trip, but the intermediate circuit breakers do not trip). The tripping link has a jumpy nature.

[0108] This involves a bypass closing strategy, which is a power restoration strategy for bypass tripping faults. The core of this strategy is to first attempt to close the lowest-level tripped circuit breaker, and then decide whether to close the next higher-level circuit breaker based on the status feedback. If the attempt fails, the power supply to the independent branch line will be restored.

[0109] This involves the previous cascading circuit breaker. In the fault link of the cascading trip, the previous cascading circuit breaker skips the intermediate non-faulty circuit breaker and the upper-level circuit breaker directly associated with the lowest-level tripping circuit breaker (e.g., the lowest level is K4, the previous cascading circuit breaker is K1, and the intermediate K2 and K3 do not trip).

[0110] This involves independent branch lines, which are branch lines connected to the previous tripping circuit breaker and not part of the power supply link of the lowest-level tripping circuit breaker. For example, other user branches downstream of K1, except for the branch where K4 is located. This line is not affected by the lowest-level fault and belongs to the non-fault area.

[0111] This step explains the corresponding power restoration strategies for two different fault scenarios: First, when the fault is a multi-level trip, the tiered closing strategy is determined based on the effective fault propagation path. The operation procedure is to send a closing command to the lowest-level tripped circuit breaker. If its status change data is received within a set time limit, a closing command is sent to the next higher-level tripped circuit breaker until power is restored; if no data is received, the power restoration strategy is terminated. Second, when the fault is a cascading trip, the cascading closing strategy is determined based on the effective fault propagation path. The operation procedure is to send a closing command to the lowest-level tripped circuit breaker. If its status change data is received within a set time limit, a closing command is sent to the next higher-level tripped circuit breaker until power is restored; if no data is received, a closing command is still sent to the next higher-level tripped circuit breaker. If its status change data is received within a set time limit, power is restored to the independent branch line corresponding to that higher-level tripped circuit breaker.

[0112] This approach allows for scenario-specific strategy customization to adapt to different fault characteristics and improve power restoration accuracy. The core of multi-level tripping is continuous link tripping, where faults are highly likely to be concentrated in the lowest downstream level. Therefore, closing circuits sequentially from bottom to top avoids fault propagation caused by closing the upper level first. The core of cascading tripping is skipping tripping, where there are unaffected independent branch lines. Therefore, additional logic needs to be designed to restore independent branches when the lowest level is not closed. If a general strategy is adopted (such as closing circuits from bottom to top regardless of fault type), independent branch lines in cascading tripping scenarios may not be able to restore power in a timely manner, or blindly closing the upper level in multi-level tripping scenarios may cause fault expansion. Scenario-specific strategies can accurately match fault characteristics and reduce power restoration deviations.

[0113] Furthermore, prioritizing the closing of the lowest-level circuit breaker verifies the fault clearance status, reducing safety risks. The lowest-level tripped circuit breaker is closest to the fault source, and its successful closing directly reflects whether the fault has been cleared. If the closing is successful and the status is stable, it indicates that the fault has disappeared; if it fails, it indicates that the fault still exists. If the upper-level circuit breaker is closed first, when the fault is not cleared, it will cause the upper-level circuit breaker to trip again, repeating the fault process, and even causing equipment damage. Prioritizing the closing of the lowest-level circuit breaker allows for rapid judgment of the fault status through status feedback, providing a safe basis for subsequent closing operations and avoiding the risks of blind operation. In cascading tripping, the independent branch lines corresponding to the circuit breaker that tripped at the previous cascading level are not affected by the lowest-level fault, and are only de-energized due to the tripping of the upper-level circuit breaker. If the logic for restoring independent branches when the lowest-level circuit breaker is not designed, these non-faulty lines will be de-energized for a long time along with the faulty line, expanding the impact on users; however, this strategy, by prioritizing the restoration of independent branches, can ensure rapid power supply to non-faulty areas when the faulty line cannot be restored, minimizing the losses caused by the power outage and meeting the goal of minimizing the power outage range.

[0114] As an optional embodiment, controlling the execution of the power restoration strategy includes: after each closing command is sent, detecting the rate of change of the three-phase current of the downstream branch of the corresponding circuit breaker; if the rate of change of the current is greater than a predetermined change threshold, sending a trip command to the corresponding circuit breaker and terminating the execution of the corresponding power restoration strategy.

[0115] In this embodiment, the steps in the process of controlling the execution of the power restoration strategy are described.

[0116] This involves downstream branches, which are the parts of the lines controlled by the corresponding circuit breaker that supply power to downstream users or equipment. Changes in the current of these branches can directly reflect whether there are any unresolved faults (such as short circuits), and this is the specific range of current detection.

[0117] This involves three-phase current, which is the current provided by three live wires in the low-voltage power supply system of the distribution substation. It is a key power parameter to ensure the normal operation of three-phase electrical equipment (such as motors), and its rate of change can fully reflect the power status of the branch.

[0118] Among them, the current change rate is involved. The current change rate is the change in the three-phase current of the downstream branch per unit time. The calculation formula is (current value at time t2 - current value at time t1) / (t2 - t1). It is the core indicator for judging whether there is a short circuit or other fault in the branch. Under fault conditions, the current will increase sharply, causing the change rate to far exceed the normal range.

[0119] This involves a predetermined change threshold, which is a pre-set critical value (e.g., 100A / ms) used to determine whether the current change is abnormal. This threshold is determined based on the carrying capacity of the distribution substation line and the safety standards of the equipment, and serves as the basis for distinguishing between normal current fluctuations and fault currents.

[0120] This involves a trip command, which is an operational signal sent to the corresponding circuit breaker to control the circuit breaker to switch from the closed state to the open state. It is sent when an abnormal current is detected, with the purpose of quickly disconnecting the faulty link.

[0121] This step describes the safety monitoring and emergency handling procedures during power restoration. Each time a closing command is sent to the corresponding circuit breaker, the system monitors the rate of change of the three-phase current in the downstream branch in real time. If the detected rate of change exceeds a predetermined threshold, it indicates an unresolved fault (such as a short circuit) in the branch. The system immediately sends a trip command to the circuit breaker and terminates the current power restoration strategy to prevent the fault from escalating. Real-time monitoring of current anomalies allows for timely detection of unresolved faults, preventing their spread. If an unresolved short circuit fault exists in the branch after closing, the current will increase sharply within a short time, manifesting as a rate of change far exceeding the predetermined threshold. Real-time monitoring of this indicator allows for accurate identification of the fault as soon as it appears, preventing the fault current from spreading to upstream equipment (such as upstream circuit breakers and transformers) through the closed line, thus avoiding further tripping or damage to equipment. Furthermore, the rapid sending of trip commands disconnects the faulty link, reducing the risk of equipment damage. It can disconnect the faulty branch from the power supply within milliseconds, significantly shortening the time the fault current acts on the lines and equipment. The withstand current of lines and equipment is time-dependent; the longer the withstand time, the higher the probability of overheating and burnout, and insulation damage. Rapid tripping can effectively reduce these risks and protect the safety of power distribution equipment. Finally, the power restoration strategy terminates to avoid unnecessary operations and save system resources.

[0122] As an optional embodiment, in the directed graph model, based on the fault data, the system traverses upwards step by step along the direction of the parent node corresponding to the tripped circuit breaker until the target condition is met, to obtain an effective fault propagation path. This includes: in the directed graph model, based on the fault data, traversing upwards step by step along the direction of the parent node corresponding to the tripped circuit breaker until the target condition is met, to obtain an initial fault propagation path; performing a consistency check on all tripped circuit breaker nodes on the initial fault propagation path, wherein the consistency check includes at least one of the following: tripping time difference check, fault type check, protection delay check, current gradient check; and, if the consistency check is met, determining the effective fault propagation path based on the initial fault propagation path.

[0123] In this embodiment, the process of determining an effective fault propagation path is described.

[0124] This includes a consistency check, which is a process used to verify whether the tripped circuit breaker nodes on the initial fault propagation path are related to the same fault. The process uses multi-dimensional indicators to determine the correlation between nodes and excludes nodes that trip accidentally or irrelevantly.

[0125] This involves tripping time difference testing, which is one of the dimensions of consistency testing. By calculating the tripping time interval between adjacent tripping circuit breaker nodes on the initial path, it is determined whether there is a temporal correlation between the two tripping, such as whether the time difference is within a reasonable range and whether it conforms to the time logic of fault propagation.

[0126] This involves fault type verification, which is one of the dimensions of consistency verification. It checks whether the fault types (such as short circuit and ground fault) corresponding to all tripped circuit breaker nodes on the initial path are consistent or have a reasonable correlation, and determines whether they are caused by the same type of fault.

[0127] This involves protection delay verification, which is one of the dimensions of consistency verification. It verifies whether the protection action delay of each level of circuit breaker in the initial path conforms to the preset coordination logic. For example, the protection delay of the lower level circuit breaker should be shorter than that of the upper level to avoid over-level tripping. It also determines whether the tripping conforms to the normal protection mechanism or is an abnormal tripping caused by a fault.

[0128] This involves current gradient testing, which is one of the dimensions of consistency testing. It calculates the current ratio at the tripping time of each tripping circuit breaker node on the initial path to determine whether the current change conforms to the current transmission law during fault propagation. For example, the fault current should show a reasonable gradient change from downstream to upstream.

[0129] This step describes the process of obtaining an effective fault propagation path. First, in the directed graph model, based on the fault data, the path starts from the tripped circuit breaker and traverses upwards along its corresponding parent node until the target condition is met, thus obtaining the initial fault propagation path. Then, a consistency check is performed on all tripped circuit breaker nodes on the initial path. The check dimensions include at least one of the following: tripping time difference check, fault type check, protection delay check, and current gradient check. Finally, if the initial path meets the consistency check, it is determined as an effective fault propagation path.

[0130] This method ensures that the initial path traversal covers the potential range of fault propagation, avoiding path omissions. Traversing upwards from the tripped circuit breaker along the parent node to the target condition, it can completely cover the upstream links where the fault may spread (e.g., traversing from the downstream tripped circuit breaker to the low-voltage side of the transformer). This prevents the omission of upstream nodes related to the fault due to insufficient traversal range—if the target condition is not traversed, key upstream nodes for fault propagation may be missed, leading to incomplete subsequent consistency checks and inaccurate identification of the fault root cause. Multi-dimensional consistency checks eliminate irrelevant nodes, improving path accuracy. The initial fault propagation path may contain accidental tripped nodes unrelated to the current fault (e.g., a node trips due to its own fault, unrelated to the current fault). Through multi-dimensional checks such as tripping time difference (timing correlation), fault type (nature correlation), protection delay (mechanism correlation), and current gradient (intensity correlation), the correlation between nodes and the fault can be verified from different perspectives, eliminating irrelevant nodes. An effective path provides a reliable basis for subsequent fault handling, avoiding the power supply impact or fault expansion risk caused by blind operation, and improving the efficiency and safety of fault handling.

[0131] Based on the above embodiments and optional embodiments, an optional implementation method is provided, which is described in detail below.

[0132] In related technologies, current power distribution network fault handling relies on manual inspections, with an average recovery time exceeding 2 hours. Traditional three-stage protection systems are prone to cascading tripping, leading to an expansion of the power outage area by more than 30%. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the expanded power outage area caused by the tripping of a circuit breaker in related technologies, such as... Figure 2 As shown, when the F1 fault cascade protection fails: a severe short circuit occurs downstream of K4, causing K4 to trip "instantaneously," while K9 and subsequent power outages are within the normal range. However, due to the large fault current, K1 is triggered to trip "electromagnetically," resulting in an expanded power outage range for K10, K11, K12, and subsequent power outages. When the F2 fault cascade protection fails: a severe short circuit develops downstream of K6, causing K6 to trip "instantaneously," while K10 and subsequent power outages are within the normal range. However, due to the large fault current, K5 is triggered to trip "electromagnetically," resulting in an expanded power outage range for K11, K12, and subsequent power outages.

[0133] In view of this, the optional embodiments of the present invention provide a method for restoring power supply to a distribution transformer area, which can solve the problem of expanding the power outage range in the existing three-stage protection of low-voltage distribution transformer areas, and provide a fault self-healing method based on dynamic topology analysis and depth-first search (DFS) algorithm to locate fault point isolation algorithm, so as to improve the power supply reliability of the transformer area. Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the optional method provided by the present invention, which is described below in conjunction with... Figure 3 It is described in detail:

[0134] 1. Event Triggering and Data Collection:

[0135] 1) Real-time data acquisition:

[0136] The intelligent fusion terminal (TTU / SCU) collects remote signaling (opening and closing status, communication status), telemetry (current, voltage) and actively reports status words (short circuit instantaneous tripping, overload long delay tripping, etc.) of the intelligent circuit breaker.

[0137] Data standardization:

[0138] When any intelligent circuit breaker reports the aforementioned fault status word, the system activates the event logging mechanism and adds a high-precision timestamp to the event. With topological location coding This forms a structured event tuple: {0x01: Instantaneous short-circuit trip (current > 10I)} e Rated current), 0x02: Short circuit short delay trip (5~10I) e(delay 0.2~0.6s), 0x04: ground fault trip (zero sequence current > 300mA), 0x05: remote closing successful, 0x06: reclosing successful.

[0139]

[0140] in:

[0141] Code the fault type;

[0142] These are the effective values ​​of current and voltage at the moment of tripping.

[0143] The system initiates a 10-second data acquisition window to collect the status changes of all relevant incoming and outgoing circuit breakers during this period, which will be used for subsequent collaborative analysis and fault nature determination.

[0144] 2. Intelligent identification mechanism for over-level protection:

[0145] To address the problem of "upper-level protection acting before lower-level protection" caused by poor coordination in traditional protection systems, this invention proposes a comprehensive criterion model based on time consistency, fault type matching degree, and current amplitude gradient to achieve accurate identification of unexpected cascading trips.

[0146] 1) Time correlation test:

[0147] upstream circuit breaker With downstream circuit breakers ( (direct child nodes) in the time window The same fault type was reported within t≤10s. That is, satisfying:

[0148]

[0149] in, Indicates the time when the upstream circuit breaker tripped. Indicates the tripping time of the downstream circuit breaker. Indicates the fault type of the upstream circuit breaker. Indicates the fault type of the downstream circuit breaker.

[0150] If a temporal correlation is found between the two, the process proceeds to a higher-level analysis.

[0151] Current amplitude gradient anomaly detection:

[0152] Under normal protection coordination, the fault current should propagate from bottom to top and gradually decrease or remain stable. The ratio of the upper and lower current levels is defined as:

[0153]

[0154] in, This indicates the abnormal current corresponding to the upstream circuit breaker. This indicates the abnormal current corresponding to the downstream circuit breaker.

[0155] like and This indicates that the upstream circuit breaker has been subjected to an abnormally high current, and there is a possibility of electromagnetic tripping exceeding the specified level, which is an abnormal protection behavior.

[0156] 3) Fault type logical matching verification:

[0157] like The system reported "short circuit momentary trip" (0x01), and Reporting "short circuit short delay trip" (0x02) indicates that the lower level has activated the protection but the fault was not completely cut off due to the delay. The action of the upper level is a reasonable overstepping of the level and is not considered abnormal.

[0158] Comprehensive Judgment Rules:

[0159] • Time difference

[0160] • Consistent fault type

[0161] • and

[0162] Based on the above comprehensive judgment rules, we can avoid misjudging normal delay protection as an over-level violation and improve the accuracy of the judgment criteria.

[0163] 3. Fault path tracing and isolation in Depth-First Search (DFS):

[0164] To achieve accurate fault location and minimize power outage range, this invention proposes a reverse depth-first search algorithm based on transformer area topology to deduce fault propagation paths and determine optimal isolation boundaries.

[0165] Topology modeling and dynamic updating:

[0166] Construct a directed graph model of the distribution network of the transformer substation, G=(V, E), where:

[0167] •V: Node set, including equipment such as transformer outgoing terminals, branch boxes, meter boxes, and smart circuit breakers;

[0168] •E: Edge set, representing electrical connections;

[0169] • The root node r∈V is the low-voltage side outlet of the distribution transformer.

[0170] The topology is automatically identified through the HPLC communication network and refreshed automatically every 5 minutes, supporting the addition, removal, and topology changes of equipment.

[0171] Fault path reverse tracing:

[0172] Let the set of tripping circuit breakers be For each Perform the following reverse search process:

[0173] •from Starting from the parent node, traverse upwards level by level until reaching the root node r or the node where communication is interrupted;

[0174] • Record this path as < >;

[0175] • For the path Perform event consistency checks on all nodes, including:

[0176] • The time difference between the tripping of all nodes shall not exceed 1 second;

[0177] • The fault types are the same or conform to the protection delay logic (e.g., the upper level is instantaneous and the lower level is short delay).

[0178] • The current value shows an increasing trend from bottom to top, that is .

[0179] If path If the consistency condition is met, it is marked as a valid fault propagation path.

[0180] Fault boundary location:

[0181] Extract the downstream tripping node from all valid paths as the upstream boundary of the suspected fault source. Definition:

[0182]

[0183] in This represents the depth of node v in the topology tree (the root node's depth is 0). Starting from this point, all branches directly downstream of it are marked as suspected fault areas.

[0184] 4) Isolation operation generation:

[0185] The system generates a sequence of isolation commands to control... All downstream intelligent circuit breakers are in the open state, and the automatic reclosing function is locked to achieve physical isolation of the fault area.

[0186] 4. Distributed self-healing power restoration strategy:

[0187] After completing fault isolation, the system executes a power restoration strategy that proceeds from the farthest point to the nearest, step-by-step, to ensure a safe and reliable recovery process.

[0188] 1) Multi-level tripping coordinated processing:

[0189] When a series of trips of level three or above are detected (e.g.) The system initiates the tiered closing procedure:

[0190] • First, try closing the last tripped circuit breaker. ;

[0191] • Monitor whether the "remote closing successful" status message is received within the set time limit (e.g., 3 seconds);

[0192] If successful, proceed to the next level. Issue a closing command;

[0193] • If it fails (triggers again or times out without response), then it is determined that... A permanent fault exists downstream, locked. And further restoration of the branch road will be terminated;

[0194] • And so on, restoring power level by level upwards until all areas that can be restored are powered back on.

[0195] This strategy prioritizes restoring the most distant non-faulty loads to maximize the range of power restoration.

[0196] 2) Special power restoration logic in scenarios involving exceeding thresholds:

[0197] For scenarios that have been determined to be subject to over-level protection (such as...) and Simultaneous tripping, the actual fault is... back):

[0198] • Try closing the downstream circuit breaker first. ;

[0199] •like If the circuit breaker closes successfully and operates stably, the upstream circuit will be closed. ;

[0200] •like If closing fails, only restore to Power is supplied to other branch lines between them.

[0201] This strategy effectively avoids the risk of another power outage caused by first connecting to the higher level.

[0202] 3) Safety monitoring during the closing process:

[0203] After each remote closing operation, the system monitors the rate of change of the three-phase current in real time. :

[0204]

[0205] like If the current flow rate is >100A / ms, it is determined that a short circuit fault has occurred again. t2 is the time of the second short circuit fault and t1 is the time of the first fault. A trip command is immediately issued and the subsequent power restoration process is terminated.

[0206] The above optional implementation methods can achieve at least the following beneficial effects:

[0207] (1) The method provided in the optional embodiments of the present invention, combined with the topology map, uses the depth-first search (DFS) algorithm to locate the fault point and isolate the faulty branch. The novel multi-level fault feature fusion mechanism can not only identify various types of faults (such as short-circuit instantaneous tripping, overload long-delay tripping, etc.), but also determine the nature of the fault by combining the switch position, thereby achieving accurate fault location. By locating and isolating faults through topology analysis, multi-level fault feature fusion mechanism, and depth-first search (DFS) algorithm, the power supply reliability of low-voltage distribution substations is significantly improved.

[0208] (2) The entire process from fault detection to power restoration in non-fault areas is fully automated. The average fault location time is no more than 5 seconds, and the power restoration success rate in non-fault areas is as high as 98%, which greatly shortens the power outage time and improves the reliability of power supply.

[0209] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the described order of actions, because according to the present invention, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present invention.

[0210] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods according to the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes several instructions to cause a terminal device (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods of the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0211] Example 2

[0212] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus for implementing the above-described method for restoring power supply to a distribution transformer area is also provided. Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of a power restoration device for a distribution radio area according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the device includes: an acquisition module 402, a first determination module 404, a second determination module 406, a third determination module 408, a fourth determination module 410, and a fifth determination module 412. The device will be described in detail below.

[0213] The acquisition module 402 is used to acquire distribution transformer area data, wherein the distribution transformer area data includes real-time topology data of the distribution transformer area and circuit breaker status data of the target circuit breaker; the first determination module 404, connected to the acquisition module 402, is used to determine fault data corresponding to the tripped circuit breaker, wherein the target circuit breaker includes the tripped circuit breaker; the second determination module 406, connected to the first determination module 404, is used to determine a directed graph model corresponding to the distribution transformer area based on the real-time topology data of the distribution transformer area, wherein the directed graph model includes multiple nodes and multiple edges, among which the multiple nodes include a root node, nodes represent equipment in the distribution transformer area, edges represent electrical connection relationships between equipment, and the root node represents the low-voltage side outlet of the distribution transformer; the third The determination module 408, connected to the second determination module 406, is used to traverse upwards along the parent node direction corresponding to the tripped circuit breaker in the directed graph model according to the fault data until the target condition is met, thereby obtaining an effective fault propagation path. The target condition includes: reaching the root node and reaching the communication interruption node. The fourth determination module 410, connected to the third determination module 408, is used to determine the physical isolation area in the distribution transformer area according to the effective fault propagation path and control all circuit breakers in the physical isolation area to be in the open state. The fifth determination module 412, connected to the fourth determination module 410, is used to determine the power restoration strategy according to the effective fault propagation path and control the execution of the power restoration strategy.

[0214] It should be noted that the above-mentioned acquisition module 402, first determination module 404, second determination module 406, third determination module 408, fourth determination module 410 and fifth determination module 412 correspond to steps S102 to S112 in the method for restoring power supply to the distribution substation. The multiple modules and the corresponding steps are the same in terms of implementation examples and application scenarios, but are not limited to the content disclosed in the above embodiment 1.

[0215] Example 3

[0216] According to another aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is also provided, comprising: a processor; and a memory for storing processor-executable instructions, wherein the processor is configured to execute instructions to implement the power restoration method for the distribution station area described above.

[0217] Example 4

[0218] According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, which, when the instructions in the computer-readable storage medium are executed by a processor of an electronic device, enables the electronic device to perform the power restoration method for the distribution station area described above.

[0219] The sequence numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0220] In the above embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0221] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the division of units can be a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For instance, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between units or modules may be electrical or other forms.

[0222] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0223] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0224] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0225] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for restoring power supply to a distribution radio area, characterized in that, include: Acquire distribution area data, wherein the distribution area data includes real-time topology data of the distribution area and circuit breaker status data of the target circuit breaker; Determine the fault data corresponding to the tripped circuit breaker, wherein the target circuit breaker includes the tripped circuit breaker; Based on the real-time topology data of the distribution area, a directed graph model corresponding to the distribution area is determined. The directed graph model includes multiple nodes and multiple edges. Among the multiple nodes, there is a root node. Nodes represent equipment in the distribution area, edges represent electrical connection relationships between equipment, and the root node represents the low-voltage side outlet of the distribution transformer. In the directed graph model, based on the fault data, the path is traversed upwards level by level along the direction of the parent node corresponding to the tripped circuit breaker until the target condition is met, thus obtaining an effective fault propagation path. The target condition includes: reaching the root node and reaching the communication interruption node. Based on the effective fault propagation path, determine the physical isolation area in the distribution transformer area, and control all circuit breakers in the physical isolation area to be in the open state; Based on the effective fault propagation path, a power restoration strategy is determined, and the power restoration strategy is executed.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the real-time topology data of the distribution area, a directed graph model corresponding to the distribution area is determined, including: Based on the fault data, a structured event tuple corresponding to the tripped circuit breaker is determined, wherein the structured event tuple includes a fault timestamp, a fault topology location code, a fault type code, and power parameter values ​​at the time of tripping. Collect data on the status changes of the target circuit breaker and multiple related incoming and outgoing lines within a predetermined time after receiving the fault data; Based on the structured event tuple, the circuit breaker status data, and the status change data, the fault misjudgment result between the upstream and downstream circuit breakers in the target circuit breaker is determined. If the misjudgment result is not a misjudgment result, the directed graph model is determined based on the real-time topology data of the transformer area.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the structured event tuples, the circuit breaker status data, and the status change data, determine the fault misjudgment result between the upstream and downstream circuit breakers in the target circuit breaker, including: Based on the structured event tuple, the circuit breaker status data, and the status change data, the time difference, current gradient ratio, and fault type between the upstream circuit breaker and the downstream circuit breaker are determined. If the time difference is less than a predetermined time threshold, the current gradient ratio is greater than a predetermined gradient threshold, and the fault types are consistent, the fault misjudgment result is determined to be a non-misjudgment result.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the effective fault propagation path, the physical isolation area in the distribution transformer area is determined, including: Determine the downstream tripping node corresponding to the effective fault propagation path; Taking the downstream tripping node as the starting node, the area corresponding to all branches downstream of the starting node and the corresponding nodes is determined as the physical isolation area.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the effective fault propagation path, a power restoration strategy is determined, including: In the case of multi-stage tripping faults, based on the effective fault propagation path, a tiered closing strategy is determined as the power restoration strategy. This tiered closing strategy involves sending a closing command to the lowest-level tripped circuit breaker; if state change data of the lowest-level tripped circuit breaker is received within a set time limit, a closing command is sent to the next higher-level tripped circuit breaker until power is restored; if no state change data of the lowest-level tripped circuit breaker is received, the power restoration strategy is terminated; and / or, In the case of a cascading trip, based on the effective fault propagation path, the cascading closing strategy is determined to be the power restoration strategy. This cascading closing strategy involves sending a closing command to the lowest-level tripped circuit breaker. If, within a set time limit, status change data for the lowest-level tripped circuit breaker is received, a closing command is sent to the next higher-level tripped circuit breaker until power is restored. If no status change data for the lowest-level tripped circuit breaker is received, a closing command is sent to the next higher-level tripped circuit breaker. If, within a set time limit, status change data for the next higher-level tripped circuit breaker is received, power is restored to the independent branch line corresponding to the previous higher-level tripped circuit breaker.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Controlling the execution of the power restoration strategy includes: After each closing command is sent, the rate of change of the three-phase current in the downstream branch of the corresponding circuit breaker is detected. If the rate of change of current exceeds a predetermined threshold, a trip command is sent to the corresponding circuit breaker, and the corresponding power restoration strategy is terminated.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, In the directed graph model, based on the fault data, the system traverses upwards level by level along the parent node direction corresponding to the tripped circuit breaker until the target condition is met, thus obtaining an effective fault propagation path, including: In the directed graph model, based on the fault data, the path is traversed upwards level by level along the direction of the parent node corresponding to the tripped circuit breaker until the target condition is met, thus obtaining the initial fault propagation path. A consistency check is performed on all tripped circuit breaker nodes on the initial fault propagation path, wherein the consistency check includes at least one of the following: tripping time difference check, fault type check, protection delay check, and current gradient check. If the consistency check is satisfied, the effective fault propagation path is determined based on the initial fault propagation path.

8. A power restoration device for a distribution radio area, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire the distribution area data of the distribution area, wherein the distribution area data includes real-time topology data of the distribution area and circuit breaker status data of the target circuit breaker; The first determining module is used to determine the fault data corresponding to the tripped circuit breaker, wherein the target circuit breaker includes the tripped circuit breaker; The second determining module is used to determine a directed graph model corresponding to the distribution transformer area based on the real-time topology data of the transformer area. The directed graph model includes multiple nodes and multiple edges. The multiple nodes include a root node. Nodes represent transformer area equipment, edges represent electrical connection relationships between equipment, and the root node represents the low-voltage side outlet of the distribution transformer. The third determining module is used to traverse the direction of the parent node corresponding to the tripped circuit breaker upwards in the directed graph model according to the fault data until the target condition is met, thereby obtaining an effective fault propagation path. The target condition includes: reaching the root node and reaching the communication interruption node. The fourth determining module is used to determine the physical isolation area in the distribution transformer area based on the effective fault propagation path, and control all circuit breakers in the physical isolation area to be in the open state; The fifth determining module is used to determine the power restoration strategy based on the effective fault propagation path, and control the execution of the power restoration strategy.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: processor; Memory used to store the processor's executable instructions; The processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement the power restoration method for the distribution radio area as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, When the instructions in the computer-readable storage medium are executed by the processor of the electronic device, the electronic device is able to perform the power restoration method for the distribution station area as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

Images