Thermal management method of energy storage converter and energy storage system

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of energy storage converters, and provides a thermal management method of an energy storage converter and an energy storage system. According to the application, the first air cooling assembly is arranged at the air outlet of the energy storage converter, and the start, stop and operation parameters of the air cooling assembly are intelligently controlled based on the working state of the energy storage converter, the operation state of the liquid cooling unit and the temperature of the air inlet; and the first air cooling assembly is controlled to start and operate, and the air inlet of the energy storage converter is cooled. The problem that normal operation of the energy storage converter is affected due to the fact that false alarm is triggered by the high temperature of the air inlet in the non-charging-discharging stage of the energy storage converter is solved.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application is a divisional application of Chinese invention patent application No. 2025113746920, filed on September 22, 2025, entitled "Thermal Management Method and Energy Storage System for Energy Storage Converter". Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of energy storage converters, and in particular to a thermal management method for an energy storage converter and an energy storage system. Background Technology

[0004] With the promotion of new energy power generation and large-scale energy storage systems, energy storage converters, as core equipment for bidirectional energy conversion, directly affect the safety and reliability of the entire energy storage system through their operational stability and thermal management level. During long-term operation, the power devices inside the energy storage converter generate a large amount of heat. If heat dissipation is not timely, it may not only lead to overheating and performance degradation of the devices but also shorten the equipment's lifespan. To ensure safety, existing technologies typically install inlet temperature sensors on energy storage converters for thermal management.

[0005] Existing technologies have a technical problem where the energy storage converter is prone to false alarms when it is powered on but not in a charging or discharging state. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a thermal management method and energy storage system for an energy storage converter, which at least helps to solve the problem that the energy storage converter is prone to false alarms when it is powered on but not in a charging or discharging state.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of this application, a thermal management method for an energy storage converter is provided, wherein a first air-cooling component is disposed at the air outlet of the energy storage converter, comprising: acquiring the operating state of the energy storage converter, the operating state of the liquid cooling unit of the battery cluster, and the air inlet temperature of the energy storage converter, wherein the liquid cooling unit is located on one side of the energy storage converter; when the operating state of the energy storage converter is a non-charging / discharging state, the operating state of the liquid cooling unit is an operating state, and the air inlet temperature is greater than or equal to a first temperature, controlling the first air-cooling component to start, and controlling the operating parameters of the first air-cooling component according to the air inlet temperature, until the controlled air inlet temperature is less than or equal to a second temperature; when the air inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature, controlling the first air-cooling component to delay shutdown, wherein the second temperature is less than the first temperature.

[0008] Optionally, controlling the first air-cooling component to start and controlling its operating parameters according to the inlet temperature until the controlled inlet temperature is less than or equal to a second temperature includes: a control step, controlling the first air-cooling component to start rotating according to a first rotation speed duty cycle; an acquisition step, acquiring the inlet temperature corresponding to the first air-cooling component after rotating for a first duration, obtaining the temperature difference of the inlet before and after the first duration; a determination step, when the temperature difference is greater than 0°C, determining a first duty cycle change value according to the temperature difference and a first control relationship, and controlling the rotation speed duty cycle of the first air-cooling component to increase the first duty cycle change value; when the temperature difference is less than or equal to 0°C, determining a second duty cycle change value according to the temperature difference and a second control relationship, and controlling the rotation speed duty cycle of the first air-cooling component to increase the duty cycle change value, wherein the first control relationship is a correspondence between positive temperature differences and duty cycle change values, and the second control relationship is a correspondence between non-positive temperature differences and duty cycle change values; and a looping step, sequentially executing the acquisition step and the determination step at least once, until the inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature.

[0009] Optionally, the method further includes: when the energy storage converter is in a charging / discharging state and the inlet temperature is greater than or equal to a third temperature, controlling the first air-cooling component to start operation until the controlled inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature, and the third temperature is less than the first temperature but greater than the second temperature. Optionally, when the inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature, controlling the first air-cooling component to delay shutdown includes one of the following: when the inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature, controlling the first air-cooling component to continue operating for a second duration before shutting down; when the inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature, obtaining the time difference between the historical shutdown time and the current startup time, and when the time difference is less than or equal to a time difference threshold, controlling the first air-cooling component to continue operating for a third duration before shutting down; when the time difference is greater than the time difference threshold, controlling the first air-cooling component to continue operating for a second duration before shutting down, where the second duration is less than the third duration, the current startup time is the time when the first air-cooling component is started this time, and the historical shutdown time is the shutdown time of the first air-cooling component most recent to the current startup time.

[0010] Optionally, the energy storage converter includes a bottom region and a top region, the air outlet is located in the top region, the bottom region is provided with a second air-cooling component and a power device, and the top region is provided with a third air-cooling component. The power of the second air-cooling component is greater than the power of the first air-cooling component and the third air-cooling component. The method further includes: controlling the operation of the second air-cooling component based at least on the operating state of the energy storage converter, the device temperature of the power device, and the ambient temperature, so that the device temperature meets the corresponding temperature requirements; and controlling the operation of the third air-cooling component based at least on the operating state of the energy storage converter and the internal circulation temperature of the energy storage converter, so that the internal circulation temperature meets the corresponding temperature requirements, wherein the internal circulation temperature is the air temperature flowing through the inside of the energy storage converter.

[0011] Optionally, the operation of the second air-cooling component is controlled at least based on the operating state of the energy storage converter, the device temperature of the power device, and the ambient temperature, including: when the energy storage converter is in a charging / discharging state, controlling the second air-cooling component to rotate according to a second speed duty cycle, and adjusting the operating parameters of the second air-cooling component in steps according to the device temperature and its changes; when the energy storage converter is in the charging / discharging state and a command instructing the energy storage converter to stop or standby is received, controlling the second air-cooling component to delay shutdown according to the device temperature; when the energy storage converter is in the non-charging / discharging state, controlling the operation of the second air-cooling component according to the ambient temperature.

[0012] Optionally, the operating parameters of the second air-cooling component are adjusted in a stepwise manner according to the device temperature and its changes, including: when the device temperature is greater than or equal to the second temperature and less than the fourth temperature, whenever the device temperature increases by a fifth temperature and the increased temperature is maintained for a fourth duration, the rotation speed of the second air-cooling component is increased by a third duty cycle change value, wherein the fourth temperature is greater than the first temperature and the fifth temperature is less than the second temperature; when the device temperature is greater than or equal to the fourth temperature and less than the sixth temperature, whenever the device temperature increases by a seventh temperature and the increased temperature is maintained for a fourth duration, the rotation speed of the second air-cooling component is increased by the third duty cycle change value, wherein the seventh temperature is less than the fifth temperature; when the device temperature is greater than or equal to the sixth temperature and the maintenance duration reaches a fifth duration, the second air-cooling component is controlled to rotate at a 100% rotation speed duty cycle, wherein the fifth duration is greater than the fourth duration.

[0013] Optionally, controlling the second air-cooling component to delay shutdown based on the device temperature includes: if the device temperature is less than an eighth temperature, controlling the second air-cooling component to continue operating for a sixth time before shutting down, where the eighth temperature is greater than the first temperature; if the device temperature is greater than or equal to the eighth temperature and less than a ninth temperature, controlling the second air-cooling component to continue operating for a seventh time before shutting down; if the device temperature is greater than or equal to the ninth temperature, controlling the second air-cooling component to continue operating for an eighth time before shutting down, where the eighth time, the seventh time, and the sixth time decrease sequentially.

[0014] Optionally, controlling the operation of the second air-cooling component based on the ambient temperature includes: when the ambient temperature is less than or equal to a tenth temperature and greater than or equal to the first temperature and maintained for a ninth duration, controlling the second air-cooling component to rotate at a third rotation speed duty cycle; when the ambient temperature is greater than the tenth temperature and maintained for a ninth duration, controlling the second air-cooling component to rotate at a fourth rotation speed duty cycle, the fourth rotation speed duty cycle being greater than the third rotation speed duty cycle; and when the ambient temperature is less than an eleventh temperature, controlling the second air-cooling component to shut down, the eleventh temperature being less than the first temperature and greater than the second temperature.

[0015] Optionally, the operation of the third air-cooling component is controlled at least based on the operating state of the energy storage converter and the internal circulation temperature of the energy storage converter, including: when the operating state of the energy storage converter is the non-charging / discharging state, determining the delay duration of the third air-cooling component based on the internal circulation temperature, and controlling the third air-cooling component to continue operating for the delay duration before stopping operation; when the operating state of the energy storage converter is the charging / discharging state, and the internal circulation temperature is greater than or equal to a twelfth temperature, controlling the third air-cooling component to rotate at a 100% speed duty cycle, where the twelfth temperature is greater than the first temperature; when the operating state of the energy storage converter is the charging / discharging state, and the internal circulation temperature is less than the twelfth temperature, determining the corresponding speed duty cycle based on the temperature difference between the internal circulation temperature and the ambient temperature, and controlling the third air-cooling component to operate at the corresponding speed duty cycle.

[0016] According to another aspect of this application, an energy storage system is provided, comprising: a battery cluster; an energy storage converter electrically connected to the battery cluster, wherein a first air-cooling component is disposed at the air outlet of the energy storage converter; a liquid-cooled unit of the battery cluster located on one side of the energy storage converter; and a controller for the energy storage converter, comprising one or more processors, a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, and the one or more programs include methods for performing thermal management of any of the energy storage converters described above.

[0017] The technical solution provided in this application has at least the following advantages:

[0018] This application embodiment installs a first air-cooling component at the air outlet of the energy storage converter. Based on the energy storage converter's operating status, the liquid chiller's operating status, and the inlet temperature, the start-up, shutdown, and operating parameters of the air-cooling component are intelligently controlled. When the energy storage converter is in a non-charging / discharging state, the liquid chiller is in operation, and the inlet temperature is high, the first air-cooling component is activated to cool the energy storage converter's inlet. This prevents false alarms triggered by high inlet temperatures during non-charging / discharging phases, thus avoiding disruption to the energy storage converter's normal operation. Furthermore, this application employs a delayed shutdown mechanism to ensure the temperature control stability of the energy storage converter and prevent frequent start-up and shutdown of the first air-cooling component. Attached Figure Description

[0019] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Unless otherwise stated, the drawings in the accompanying drawings do not constitute a limitation on scale. In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or in the conventional art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a thermal management method for an energy storage converter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical compartment structure of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 3 A thermal management control flowchart of an energy storage converter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the thermal management device of an energy storage converter provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0024] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0025] 200, Energy storage converter; 300, First air-cooled component; 301, Fan; 400, Liquid-cooled unit; 500, Partition plate; 600, Louver. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The inventors discovered that when the energy storage converter is powered on but not in a charging / discharging state, the high-temperature airflow discharged from the liquid chiller during operation is collected by the inlet temperature sensor of the energy storage converter. This can easily cause the energy storage converter to misjudge the temperature as too high, thus triggering a false alarm. For example, once the high-temperature hot air generated by the liquid chiller is detected by the inlet temperature sensor, the energy storage converter may misjudge it as an excessively high ambient temperature, leading to a false alarm and triggering automatic derating or even shutdown. This "false triggering" not only affects the normal function of the equipment but also reduces the operating efficiency of the energy storage converter. This application provides a thermal management method for an energy storage converter and an energy storage system. The thermal management method for the energy storage converter specifically involves: acquiring the operating status of the energy storage converter, the operating status of the liquid cooling unit of the battery cluster, and the inlet temperature of the energy storage converter, wherein the liquid cooling unit is located on one side of the energy storage converter; when the energy storage converter is in a non-charging / discharging state, the liquid cooling unit is in an operating state, and the inlet temperature is greater than or equal to a first temperature, controlling the first air-cooling component to start, and controlling the operating parameters of the first air-cooling component according to the inlet temperature until the controlled inlet temperature is less than or equal to a second temperature; when the inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature, controlling the first air-cooling component to delay shutdown, wherein the second temperature is less than the first temperature. Therefore, this application installs a first air-cooling component at the air outlet of the energy storage converter. By monitoring the operating status of the energy storage converter, the operating status of the liquid cooling unit of the battery cluster, and the air inlet temperature of the energy storage converter, the first air-cooling component is controlled to start operation when the energy storage converter is in a non-charging / discharging state, the liquid cooling unit is in a running state, and the air inlet temperature is high, to cool the air inlet of the energy storage converter. When the air inlet temperature is low, the first air-cooling component is controlled to delay shutdown. This avoids the problem of the energy storage converter being erroneously triggered by the air inlet temperature sensor when the energy storage converter is powered on and in a non-charging / discharging state, and the hot air generated by the liquid cooling unit during operation is detected by the air inlet temperature sensor.

[0027] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0028] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0029] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A exists, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the related objects before and after it have an "or" relationship.

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0032] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] In the accompanying drawings corresponding to the embodiments of this application, the thickness and area of ​​the layers are enlarged for better understanding and ease of description. When describing a component (such as a layer, film, region, or substrate) on or on the surface of another component, the component may be "directly" located on the surface of the other component, or there may be a third component between the two components. Conversely, when describing a component on the surface of another component, or when another component is formed or disposed on the surface of a component, it indicates that there is no third component between the two components. Furthermore, when describing a component as being "generally" formed on another component, it means that the component is not formed on the entire surface (or front surface) of the other component, nor is it formed on a portion of the edge of the entire surface.

[0034] In the description of the embodiments of this application, when a component "includes" another component, other components are not excluded unless otherwise stated, and other components may be further included. Furthermore, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is referred to as being "on / located" on another component, it can be "directly on" the other component (i.e., located on the surface of the other component with no other components between them), or another component may be present therein. Moreover, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is "directly located" on another component, or when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is located on the surface of another component, it indicates that no other components are located therein.

[0035] The terminology used in the description of the various embodiments described herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various embodiments and the appended claims, the term "foreword" is also intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Components include layers, films, regions, or plates, etc.

[0036] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will understand that many technical details have been provided in the embodiments of this application to facilitate a better understanding of the application. However, the technical solutions claimed in this application can be implemented even without these technical details and various variations and modifications based on the following embodiments.

[0037] This embodiment provides a thermal management method for an energy storage converter. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Also, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a thermal management method for an energy storage converter according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the electrical compartment structure of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 2 As shown, a first air-cooling component 300 is installed at the air outlet of the aforementioned energy storage converter 200. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0039] Step S201: Obtain the operating status of the energy storage converter, the operating status of the liquid cooling unit of the battery cluster, and the air inlet temperature of the energy storage converter, wherein the liquid cooling unit is located on one side of the energy storage converter.

[0040] Optionally, the inlet temperature can be monitored in real time using an inlet temperature sensor. The above-mentioned operating status and inlet temperature data are collected, analyzed, and processed to provide a basis for decision-making regarding the control of the first air-cooled component.

[0041] Step S202: When the working state of the above-mentioned energy storage converter is non-charging and discharging state, the working state of the above-mentioned liquid cooling unit is running state, and the above-mentioned air inlet temperature is greater than or equal to the first temperature, control the above-mentioned first air cooling component to start, and control the operating parameters of the above-mentioned first air cooling component according to the above-mentioned air inlet temperature until the controlled above-mentioned air inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature.

[0042] Optionally, when the energy storage converter is in a non-charging / discharging state, it means that the energy storage converter is powered on but not working. At this time, the liquid cooling unit is in operation. When the high-temperature gas discharged by the unit passes through the air inlet of the energy storage converter, it will be detected by the air inlet temperature sensor. When the air inlet temperature reaches or exceeds the preset first temperature threshold, the control system starts the first air-cooling component to dissipate heat from the air inlet of the energy storage converter.

[0043] Step S203: When the air inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature, control the first air-cooling component to delay shutting down, where the second temperature is less than the first temperature.

[0044] Specifically, even after the inlet temperature has dropped below the second temperature, the air-cooled components continue to shut down for a period of time to ensure that the internal temperature of the energy storage converter remains below the second temperature and prevent temperature rebound. Optionally, the delay time can be determined based on system experience, dynamic temperature control algorithms, or a limited number of experiments. This delayed shutdown mechanism can further improve temperature control stability, avoid triggering false alarms in the energy storage converter due to temperature fluctuations, and simultaneously achieve a smooth heat dissipation process, thereby improving system reliability.

[0045] This application embodiment installs a first air-cooling component at the air outlet of the energy storage converter. Based on the energy storage converter's operating status, the liquid chiller's operating status, and the inlet temperature, the start-up, shutdown, and operating parameters of the air-cooling component are intelligently controlled. When the energy storage converter is in a non-charging / discharging state, the liquid chiller is in operation, and the inlet temperature is high, the first air-cooling component is activated to cool the energy storage converter's inlet. This prevents false alarms triggered by high inlet temperatures during non-charging / discharging phases, thus avoiding disruption to the energy storage converter's normal operation. Furthermore, this application employs a delayed shutdown mechanism to ensure the temperature control stability of the energy storage converter and prevent frequent start-up and shutdown of the first air-cooling component.

[0046] For example, the first temperature can be 45°C. The second temperature can be 30°C.

[0047] According to one optional embodiment of this application, the first air-cooled component includes at least one fan. For example, as... Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, the first air-cooled component 300 includes two fans 301.

[0048] Controlling the startup of the first air-cooled component and controlling its operating parameters according to the inlet temperature until the controlled inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature includes:

[0049] The control step involves controlling the first air-cooled component to start rotating according to the first rotational speed duty cycle.

[0050] Optionally, when the energy storage converter is in a non-charging / discharging state and the liquid-cooled unit is operating, and the inlet air temperature exceeds a first temperature, the first air-cooled component starts up and begins initial operation using a preset first speed duty cycle. The first speed duty cycle can be preset based on the energy storage converter's heat dissipation requirements or system experience values ​​to ensure sufficient airflow is generated upon startup. By setting the initial duty cycle for startup, the first air-cooled component can quickly respond to temperature changes, preventing the inlet air temperature from remaining excessively high for extended periods, thus preventing false alarms from the energy storage converter, while also ensuring a smooth startup process and reducing mechanical shock.

[0051] The acquisition step involves acquiring the air inlet temperature corresponding to the first air-cooled component rotating for a first time, and obtaining the temperature difference of the air inlet before and after the first time.

[0052] Optionally, after the first air-cooled component starts up, the energy storage converter reads the inlet temperature after a first period of time (which can be several seconds or tens of seconds) and calculates the change in inlet temperature (temperature difference) during this period. This temperature difference is used to determine the actual impact of the current operation of the first air-cooled component on the inlet temperature. By monitoring the temperature change, real-time feedback on the operating effect of the first air-cooled component can be achieved, providing a basis for subsequent adjustments, avoiding over- or under-cooling, and improving control accuracy.

[0053] The steps are as follows: when the temperature difference is greater than 0°C, a first duty cycle change value is determined based on the temperature difference and a first control relationship, and the rotational duty cycle of the first air-cooled component is controlled to increase the first duty cycle change value; when the temperature difference is less than or equal to 0°C, a second duty cycle change value is determined based on the temperature difference and a second control relationship, and the rotational duty cycle of the first air-cooled component is controlled to increase the duty cycle change value. The first control relationship is the correspondence between a positive temperature difference and a duty cycle change value, and the second control relationship is the correspondence between a non-positive temperature difference and a duty cycle change value.

[0054] Optionally, when the temperature difference is greater than 0℃ (i.e., the inlet temperature is still rising or not falling), the duty cycle increment is calculated based on the first control relationship between the positive temperature difference and the duty cycle change value, and the duty cycle of the first air-cooling component is increased, thereby increasing the air volume. When the temperature difference is ≤0℃ (i.e., the temperature is stable or falling), the duty cycle is adjusted based on the second control relationship between the non-positive temperature difference and the duty cycle change value to maintain or appropriately increase the air-cooling intensity and avoid temperature rebound. The first and second control relationships can be preset tables or algorithm functions to realize the corresponding adjustment of temperature difference and duty cycle. By adjusting the duty cycle through temperature difference feedback, the output of the first air-cooling component is dynamically optimized, so that the air volume matches the actual heat load, preventing false alarms triggered by excessive temperature, avoiding energy waste, and improving the system's intelligence level.

[0055] The cycle continues, performing the above-mentioned acquisition step and determination step at least once, until the above-mentioned air inlet temperature is less than or equal to the above-mentioned second temperature.

[0056] Optionally, the cycle of "acquiring temperature—judging temperature difference—adjusting duty cycle" is continuously executed until the inlet temperature drops below the second safety threshold temperature. This cycle can be completed automatically without manual intervention. Cyclic adjustment enables precise temperature control, ensuring that the first air-cooling component operates intelligently based on real-time temperature, rapidly bringing the inlet temperature to the target range, avoiding false alarms caused by temperature fluctuations, and achieving energy efficiency.

[0057] For example, the duty cycle of the first rotational speed can be 50%, the first duration can be 60s, and the first duty cycle can be 60%.

[0058] In this embodiment, closed-loop control based on inlet temperature changes is achieved through dynamic adjustment of the duty cycle of the first air-cooling component. By setting an initial duty cycle, monitoring temperature changes, dynamically adjusting the duty cycle according to the temperature difference and control relationship, and cyclically executing the above process, the inlet temperature can be quickly and accurately reduced to a safe range. This method not only prevents false alarms caused by hot air from the liquid-cooled unit but also optimizes the operating efficiency of the first air-cooling component, reduces energy consumption, and improves the overall reliability and safety of the energy storage system.

[0059] In some embodiments, the method of this application further includes:

[0060] When the energy storage converter is in a charging / discharging state and the air inlet temperature is greater than or equal to the third temperature, the first air-cooling component is controlled to start operation until the controlled air inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature, and the third temperature is less than the first temperature and greater than the second temperature.

[0061] Optionally, when the energy storage converter is in the charging or discharging phase, i.e., when the energy storage converter is in operation, and the inlet temperature reaches or exceeds a preset third temperature, the control unit activates the first air-cooling component for cooling. The third temperature is located between the first and second temperatures, i.e., lower than the first temperature at which air cooling is triggered during the non-charging / discharging phase and higher than the second safety target temperature, so as to respond in advance to the temperature rise issue of the energy storage converter during charging and discharging. Activating the first air-cooling component in advance during the charging and discharging phase can effectively suppress the temperature rise caused by the operation of power devices in the energy storage converter, avoiding excessively high temperatures that could affect the performance and safety of the energy storage converter. Simultaneously, the trigger temperature in this embodiment is lower than the first temperature during the non-charging / discharging phase, allowing for flexible consideration of the thermal management needs of different operating states.

[0062] Optionally, the first air-cooled component operates continuously during charging and discharging, dynamically adjusting its operating parameters based on the real-time inlet air temperature until the inlet air temperature drops below the second temperature. The second temperature is the system's set safety temperature control target, ensuring that the energy storage converter's temperature remains within a safe range during charging and discharging. By controlling the inlet air temperature below the second temperature, overheating of the energy storage converter can be effectively prevented, ensuring equipment safety and charging / discharging efficiency, while also reducing the risk of false alarms due to overheating.

[0063] For example, the third temperature mentioned above can be 40°C.

[0064] This application further expands the application of the first air-cooling component in the charging and discharging states of energy storage converters. By setting a third temperature control threshold during charging and discharging, and activating the first air-cooling component when the inlet temperature reaches this threshold, the system can precisely control the inlet temperature during the charging and discharging phase until the temperature drops to a safe second temperature. This method not only avoids false alarms or equipment risks caused by overheating during charging and discharging, but also realizes a graded temperature control strategy under different operating states, improving the intelligence level of thermal management of energy storage converters and the overall system safety.

[0065] In some embodiments, when the inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature, controlling the first air-cooled component to delay shutdown includes one of the following:

[0066] If the inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature, the first air-cooling component will continue to operate for a second period of time and then be shut down.

[0067] Optionally, when the inlet temperature drops below the second temperature, the first air-cooling component does not immediately shut down, but continues to operate for a set second duration (e.g., a few seconds to tens of seconds) to ensure that the internal temperature of the energy storage converter drops uniformly and avoids local heat accumulation that could cause a temperature rebound. Delayed shutdown smooths the temperature drop curve, reduces false alarms caused by temperature fluctuations or frequent start-stop cycles of the first air-cooling component, and improves system temperature control stability and equipment reliability.

[0068] When the air inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature, the time difference between the historical shutdown time and the current startup time is obtained. When the time difference is less than or equal to the time difference threshold, the first air-cooling component is controlled to continue running for a third duration before shutting down. When the time difference is greater than the time difference threshold, the first air-cooling component is controlled to continue running for the second duration before shutting down. The second duration is less than the third duration. The current startup time is the moment when the first air-cooling component is started this time, and the historical shutdown time is the shutdown time of the first air-cooling component most recently before the current startup.

[0069] Optionally, the system obtains the time difference between the current start-up time of the first air-cooled component and the most recent shutdown time. If the time difference is less than or equal to a time difference threshold, the first air-cooled component continues to run for a third duration (the third duration > the second duration) before shutting down to prevent temperature fluctuations caused by frequent start-ups and shutdowns. If the time difference is greater than the time difference threshold, the first air-cooled component continues to run for a second duration before shutting down. Dynamically adjusting the delayed shutdown duration based on historical shutdown records can effectively reduce the mechanical wear and energy consumption of the system caused by frequent start-ups and shutdowns of the air-cooled component, while further stabilizing the inlet air temperature and improving the temperature control reliability of the energy storage converter.

[0070] For example, the second duration can be 5 minutes (300 seconds), and the second duration can be greater than 5 minutes, such as 10 minutes. The time difference threshold can be 5 minutes.

[0071] In this embodiment, a strategy of delayed shutdown of the first air-cooling component is adopted to ensure that the first air-cooling component continues to operate for a period of time after the inlet temperature drops to a safe range (second temperature) to prevent temperature rebound. This strategy can use a fixed delay time (second duration) or dynamically adjust the delay duration based on historical shutdown records (third duration), achieving intelligent and precise temperature control. By delaying shutdown, the internal temperature of the energy storage converter drops more evenly, avoiding false alarms and energy waste caused by frequent start-stop cycles, while also improving the service life of the first air-cooling component and the overall reliability of the system.

[0072] In some embodiments, the energy storage converter includes a bottom region and a top region, the air outlet is located in the top region, the bottom region is provided with a second air-cooling component and a power device, the top region is provided with a third air-cooling component, the power of the second air-cooling component is greater than the power of the first air-cooling component and the third air-cooling component, and the method further includes:

[0073] The operation of the second air-cooling component is controlled based at least on the operating state of the energy storage converter, the device temperature of the power device, and the ambient temperature, so that the device temperature meets the corresponding temperature requirements.

[0074] Optionally, the control system acquires the operating status of the energy storage converter, the temperature of the bottom power devices, and the ambient temperature in real time, and adjusts the operating power or airflow of the second air-cooling component based on these parameters to ensure that the temperature of the power devices is maintained within a safe operating range. By intelligently adjusting the operation of the second air-cooling component, air-cooling energy consumption can be optimized, the service life of the power devices can be extended, and the overall reliability of the energy storage converter can be improved while ensuring the safety of device temperature.

[0075] The operation of the third air-cooling component is controlled based at least on the operating state of the energy storage converter and the internal circulation temperature of the energy storage converter, so that the internal circulation temperature meets the corresponding temperature requirements. The internal circulation temperature is the temperature of the air flowing through the inside of the energy storage converter.

[0076] Optionally, the control system monitors the operating status of the energy storage converter and the internal air circulation temperature (internal circulation temperature). By adjusting the operating power or fan speed of the third air-cooling component, it ensures that the internal air temperature of the energy storage converter is maintained within a predetermined temperature range, thereby achieving heat dissipation within the energy storage converter. By controlling the third air-cooling component in the top area, the overall air inside the energy storage converter can be regulated, achieving uniform internal temperature distribution, preventing overheated air from accumulating inside the energy storage converter, and improving the overall thermal management efficiency and stability of the energy storage converter.

[0077] In this embodiment, the energy storage converter is divided into a bottom region and a top region, and a second air-cooling component and a third air-cooling component are respectively arranged therein to achieve multi-region air-cooling management. The second air-cooling component focuses on cooling the bottom power devices, adjusting its operation according to the operating status, device temperature, and ambient temperature to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power devices. The third air-cooling component adjusts its operation according to the operating status and the internal airflow temperature to achieve a uniform distribution of air temperature inside the energy storage converter. This method not only improves the heat dissipation efficiency and temperature control accuracy of the energy storage converter, but also optimizes air-cooling energy consumption, extends the service life of key components, and enhances the overall reliability and safety of the system.

[0078] In practical applications, the second air-cooling component serves as the main fan of the energy storage converter, while the third air-cooling component acts as an auxiliary fan, also known as a turbulence fan. These two air-cooling components enhance local airflow disturbance within the energy storage converter, promoting the expulsion of hot air. Specifically, the second air-cooling component draws in cool air, which flows over heat-generating components such as heat sinks and inductors, carrying away heat. Since hot air tends to stagnate above power modules such as IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) modules, affecting heat dissipation, the third air-cooling component breaks this stagnation layer, accelerating the expulsion of hot air to the top outlet, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the power module.

[0079] In some embodiments, controlling the operation of the second air-cooled component based at least on the operating state of the energy storage converter, the device temperature of the power device, and the ambient temperature includes:

[0080] When the energy storage converter is in the charging and discharging state, the second air-cooling component is controlled to rotate according to the second speed duty cycle, and the operating parameters of the second air-cooling component are adjusted stepwise according to the temperature of the device and the temperature change of the device.

[0081] Optionally, when the energy storage converter is in a charging / discharging state, the second air-cooling component is first started to operate at a preset second speed duty cycle. Subsequently, based on the real-time temperature of the power devices and its changing trend, the operating parameters of the air-cooling component (such as duty cycle or speed) are dynamically adjusted in a step-by-step manner to ensure that the temperature of the power devices is maintained within a safe range. The step-by-step dynamic adjustment of the air-cooling component can accurately control the heat dissipation intensity according to the actual heat load, prevent the devices from overheating or excessive heat dissipation, improve temperature control accuracy and energy efficiency, and ensure the safe and reliable operation of the energy storage converter during charging and discharging.

[0082] When the energy storage converter is in the charging / discharging state and an instruction is received to shut down or standby the energy storage converter, the second air-cooling component is controlled to delay shutdown based on the device temperature.

[0083] Optionally, when the energy storage converter receives a shutdown or standby command, the second air-cooling component will not shut down immediately, but will instead perform delayed shutdown control based on the current temperature of the power devices. The delayed shutdown time can be dynamically determined to ensure that the device temperature gradually decreases during shutdown or standby, avoiding heat accumulation. Delayed shutdown can prevent the device temperature from rebounding rapidly during shutdown or standby, ensuring device safety, reducing false alarms caused by temperature fluctuations, and simultaneously reducing mechanical wear and energy consumption caused by frequent start-stop of the air-cooling component.

[0084] When the energy storage converter is in the non-charging / discharging state, the operation of the second air-cooled component is controlled according to the ambient temperature.

[0085] Optionally, when the energy storage converter is not in a charging / discharging state, the operating parameters of the second air-cooling component can be started, stopped, or adjusted based on the ambient temperature to ensure that the temperature of the bottom power devices and the internal temperature of the energy storage converter does not rise due to high ambient temperature. By controlling the operation of the second air-cooling component by ambient temperature, the overheating of devices due to excessive ambient heat load can be effectively avoided during the non-charging / discharging stage, improving the temperature control stability of the energy storage converter and saving energy consumption.

[0086] For example, the duty cycle of the second rotational speed can be 30%.

[0087] This application embodiment achieves refined temperature control management of the bottom power devices through intelligent control of the second air-cooling component under different operating states. In charging / discharging mode, a second rotational speed duty cycle is used for startup, and operating parameters are adjusted in steps according to device temperature to achieve dynamic heat dissipation and energy efficiency optimization. In charging / discharging mode, upon receiving a stop or standby command, the air-cooling component is delayed in shutdown based on device temperature to prevent temperature rebound and false alarms. In non-charging / discharging mode, the operation of the air-cooling component is controlled according to the ambient temperature to ensure the safe temperature range of the devices. This method enables precise and efficient thermal management under different operating scenarios, improving the safety, reliability, and lifespan of the energy storage converter and the air-cooling system, while optimizing energy consumption.

[0088] In some embodiments, adjusting the operating parameters of the second air-cooled component in steps according to the device temperature and its changes includes:

[0089] When the temperature of the device is greater than or equal to the second temperature and less than the fourth temperature, whenever the temperature of the device increases to a fifth temperature and the device temperature remains at the increased temperature for a fourth duration, the rotation speed of the second air-cooled component is increased by a third duty cycle change value. The fourth temperature is greater than the first temperature and the fifth temperature is less than the second temperature.

[0090] Optionally, when the power device temperature is greater than or equal to the second temperature but less than the fourth temperature, the system monitors the device temperature change. Whenever the device temperature rises to the fifth temperature and remains at that temperature for the fourth duration, the duty cycle of the second air-cooling component is increased by a third duty cycle change value to enhance heat dissipation. By triggering step-by-step increases in air cooling intensity within the low-to-mid temperature range based on the magnitude and duration of temperature changes, early heat dissipation intervention can be achieved, preventing overheating caused by a slow rise in device temperature, thus improving temperature control accuracy and system safety.

[0091] When the temperature of the device is greater than or equal to the fourth temperature and less than the sixth temperature, whenever the temperature of the device increases to the seventh temperature and the device temperature remains at the fourth time after the increase, the rotation speed of the second air-cooling component is controlled to increase the third duty cycle change value, and the seventh temperature is less than the fifth temperature.

[0092] Optionally, when the power device temperature is greater than or equal to the fourth temperature but less than the sixth temperature, temperature changes are also monitored. Whenever the device temperature rises to the seventh temperature and remains at that level for the fourth duration, the duty cycle of the second air-cooling component is increased by the third duty cycle change value. In the mid-to-high temperature range, step-by-step adjustment dynamically responds to temperature changes, ensuring timely improvement in air-cooling intensity, preventing excessively rapid temperature rises, and avoiding excessive energy consumption, thus achieving a balance between temperature control and energy efficiency.

[0093] When the temperature of the aforementioned device is greater than or equal to the sixth temperature and the duration reaches the fifth duration, the second air-cooling component is controlled to rotate at a 100% duty cycle, and the fifth duration is greater than the fourth duration.

[0094] Optionally, when the device temperature reaches or exceeds the sixth temperature and remains there for more than the fifth duration (fifth duration > fourth duration), the second air-cooling component is set to operate at 100% duty cycle to provide maximum heat dissipation and rapidly reduce the device temperature. In the high-temperature emergency range, running the air-cooling component at full speed can quickly reduce the device temperature, prevent overheating damage to the power devices, and improve the safety and reliability of the energy storage converter.

[0095] For example, the fourth temperature can be 80°C, the fifth temperature can be 5°C, the fourth duration can be 5s, the third duty cycle change value can be 5%, the sixth temperature can be 86°C, the seventh temperature can be 2°C, and the fifth duration can be 10s.

[0096] This application embodiment achieves refined heat dissipation management of the bottom power devices by progressively adjusting the second air-cooling component based on zoned temperatures and temperature change amplitudes. When the device temperature is between the second and fourth temperature ranges, the air-cooling intensity is increased incrementally according to the temperature change amplitude and duration, achieving early heat dissipation intervention. In the fourth to sixth temperature range, the incremental adjustment is dynamically adjusted according to the high-temperature zone to balance heat dissipation efficiency and energy consumption. When the device temperature is ≥ the sixth temperature and maintained for a period of time, the air-cooling component operates at full speed to provide maximum heat dissipation capacity. This method can intelligently control the air-cooling component according to actual temperature changes, ensuring device temperature safety, improving the operational reliability of the energy storage converter, and optimizing air-cooling energy consumption and system thermal management efficiency.

[0097] In some embodiments, controlling the delayed shutdown of the second air-cooled component based on the device temperature includes:

[0098] If the temperature of the aforementioned device is lower than the eighth temperature, the second air-cooling component is controlled to continue operating for a sixth time and then shut down, where the eighth temperature is higher than the first temperature.

[0099] Optionally, when the power device temperature is below the eighth temperature (the eighth temperature > the first temperature), the second air-cooling component continues to operate for a sixth time after the temperature reaches a safe range, and then shuts down. Delaying operation for a sixth time ensures that the device temperature drops evenly, avoids local heat accumulation that could cause a temperature rebound, improves temperature control stability, and reduces mechanical wear of the air-cooling component caused by frequent start-stop cycles.

[0100] If the temperature of the aforementioned device is greater than or equal to the eighth temperature but less than the ninth temperature, the second air-cooling component is controlled to continue operating for a seventh time before being shut down.

[0101] Optionally, when the power device temperature is between the eighth and ninth temperatures, the second air-cooling component continues to operate for a seventh time after the temperature drops to a safe range before shutting down. The seventh time is shorter than the sixth time, adapting to the need for rapid cooling at higher temperatures. By shortening the delayed shutdown time, the air-cooling component can respond faster at higher temperatures, preventing device temperature rise or overheating, while reducing energy consumption and extending the service life of the air-cooling component.

[0102] When the temperature of the aforementioned device is greater than or equal to the aforementioned ninth temperature, the aforementioned second air-cooling component is controlled to continue operating for an eighth time and then shut down, with the aforementioned eighth time, the aforementioned seventh time, and the aforementioned sixth time decreasing sequentially.

[0103] Optionally, when the power device temperature exceeds the ninth temperature, the second air-cooling component continues to operate for an eighth time after the temperature drops to a safe range before shutting down. This eighth time is shorter than the seventh time, ensuring rapid shutdown in high-temperature emergencies to enter the next control cycle or implement other heat dissipation measures. Shortening the delayed shutdown time in the highest temperature range allows for rapid adjustment of the air-cooling operation strategy, ensuring device temperatures are controlled within a safe range while avoiding unnecessary energy waste and improving system response speed and reliability.

[0104] For example, the eighth temperature can be 50°C, the ninth temperature can be 75°C, the sixth duration can be 120s, the seventh duration can be 180s, and the eighth duration can be 240s.

[0105] This application embodiment employs a temperature-graded delayed shutdown strategy to finely control the operating time of the second air-cooled component during the power device temperature decrease phase. When the device temperature is below the eighth temperature, the operation is delayed for a sixth time to ensure a uniform temperature decrease; in the temperature range between the eighth and ninth temperatures, the operation is delayed for a seventh time to balance heat dissipation rate and energy consumption; when the temperature is above the ninth temperature, the operation is delayed for an eighth time to achieve rapid high-temperature response. This strategy can prevent temperature rebound, improve temperature control stability and the lifespan of the air-cooled component, while optimizing energy consumption and improving the overall reliability and safety of the energy storage converter.

[0106] In some embodiments, controlling the operation of the second air-cooled component based on the ambient temperature includes:

[0107] When the ambient temperature is less than or equal to the tenth temperature and greater than or equal to the first temperature and the duration of maintenance reaches the ninth duration, the second air-cooling component is controlled to rotate at the third speed duty cycle.

[0108] Optionally, when the ambient temperature is between the first and tenth temperatures and maintained for a certain period of time (the ninth duration), the second air-cooling component is controlled to operate at a preset third speed duty cycle to maintain the internal temperature of the energy storage converter within a safe range. Operating the air-cooling component at low power under moderate ambient temperature conditions effectively dissipates heat and saves energy, avoiding temperature fluctuations caused by slight increases in ambient temperature, and improving system stability and energy efficiency.

[0109] When the ambient temperature is greater than the tenth temperature and the duration of maintenance reaches the ninth duration, the second air-cooling component is controlled to rotate at a fourth speed duty cycle, which is greater than the third speed duty cycle.

[0110] Optionally, when the ambient temperature exceeds the tenth temperature and remains at the ninth temperature for a specified duration, the second air-cooled component is controlled to operate at a higher fourth speed duty cycle (fourth speed duty cycle > third speed duty cycle) to cope with the higher ambient heat load and ensure that the internal temperature of the power devices and energy storage converter is maintained within a safe range. Increasing the operating power of the air-cooled component under high ambient temperature conditions can effectively offset the external heat load, avoid overheating or false alarms caused by excessive device temperature, and improve the reliability and safety of the energy storage converter.

[0111] When the ambient temperature is lower than the eleventh temperature, the second air-cooling component is turned off. The eleventh temperature is lower than the first temperature and higher than the second temperature.

[0112] Optionally, when the ambient temperature is below the eleventh temperature (eleventh temperature < first temperature and > second temperature), the second air-cooling component is turned off to save energy and avoid overcooling. Turning off the air-cooling component at low ambient temperatures saves energy and prevents the device from overcooling, which helps extend the service life of the air-cooling component and ensures reasonable temperature control of the energy storage converter.

[0113] For example, the tenth temperature can be 48°C, the ninth duration can be 5s, the eleventh temperature can be 40°C, the third rotation speed duty cycle can be 50%, and the fourth rotation speed duty cycle can be 80%.

[0114] In this embodiment, the second air-cooling component is adjusted according to ambient temperature to achieve intelligent temperature control of the energy storage converter in non-charging / discharging states. Under moderate ambient temperatures, the air-cooling component operates at a third rotational speed duty cycle to save energy; under high ambient temperatures, it operates at a fourth rotational speed duty cycle to ensure effective heat dissipation; under low ambient temperatures, the air-cooling component is shut down to avoid overcooling and energy waste. This method can automatically adjust the air-cooling operation strategy according to the actual ambient temperature, achieving efficient, intelligent, and energy-saving thermal management, and improving the operational reliability and system energy efficiency of the energy storage converter.

[0115] In some embodiments, controlling the operation of the third air-cooled component, at least based on the operating state of the energy storage converter and the internal circulation temperature of the energy storage converter, includes:

[0116] When the energy storage converter is in the non-charging / discharging state, the delay time of the third air-cooling component is determined according to the internal circulation temperature, and the third air-cooling component is controlled to continue operating for the delay time and then stop operating.

[0117] Optionally, when the energy storage converter is in a non-charging / discharging state, the system determines the delayed shutdown duration based on the internal airflow temperature (internal circulation temperature), and continues to operate the third air-cooling component during this delay period before stopping operation. By delaying the shutdown of the third air-cooling component, the internal air temperature of the energy storage converter can be ensured to decrease uniformly, preventing temperature fluctuations or rebounds, improving temperature control stability, and extending the service life of the air-cooling component.

[0118] When the above-mentioned energy storage converter is in the charging and discharging state and the above-mentioned internal circulation temperature is greater than or equal to the twelfth temperature, the above-mentioned third air-cooling component is controlled to rotate at a 100% duty cycle, and the above-mentioned twelfth temperature is greater than the above-mentioned first temperature.

[0119] Optionally, when the energy storage converter is in a charging / discharging state and the internal air temperature exceeds the twelfth temperature (the twelfth temperature > the first temperature), the third air-cooling component is controlled to operate at 100% duty cycle to achieve maximum airflow for heat dissipation. Full-speed operation can rapidly reduce the internal air temperature of the energy storage converter, preventing high temperatures from affecting internal components and improving system safety and reliability.

[0120] When the energy storage converter is in the charging / discharging state and the internal circulation temperature is lower than the twelfth temperature, the corresponding speed duty cycle is determined based on the temperature difference between the internal circulation temperature and the ambient temperature, and the third air-cooled component is controlled to operate at the corresponding speed duty cycle.

[0121] Optionally, when the energy storage converter is in a charging / discharging state and the internal circulation temperature is lower than the twelfth temperature, the system determines the corresponding speed duty cycle based on the difference between the internal circulation temperature and the ambient temperature, and controls the third air-cooling component to operate at this duty cycle, thereby achieving dynamic heat dissipation regulation. By adjusting the air-cooling speed according to the temperature difference, heat dissipation and energy consumption can be balanced during charging and discharging, ensuring internal temperature safety while avoiding excessive air-cooling operation, thus improving energy efficiency and equipment reliability.

[0122] For example, the twelfth temperature mentioned above can be 70°C.

[0123] This application embodiment achieves refined management of the internal air temperature of the energy storage converter through intelligent control of the third air-cooling component. In non-charging / discharging states, the air-cooling component is delayed in shutting down based on the internal circulation temperature to ensure a uniform decrease in air temperature. In charging / discharging states, when the internal circulation temperature is too high, the air-cooling component operates at full speed for rapid heat dissipation. In charging / discharging states, when the temperature is moderate, the rotation speed is dynamically adjusted based on the temperature difference between the internal circulation temperature and the ambient temperature, and the duty cycle of the air-cooling component is adjusted to achieve a balance between temperature control and energy efficiency. This method effectively maintains the internal temperature balance of the energy storage converter, prevents overheating or overcooling, and improves system safety, stability, and energy efficiency.

[0124] In some other embodiments of this application, the above method includes: introducing a machine learning algorithm to predict the future temperature trend of the inlet temperature of the energy storage converter. By analyzing factors such as the historical temperature data of the liquid chiller under different operating conditions of the energy storage converter, historical inlet temperature data of the liquid chiller under different operating conditions, environmental conditions, and load conditions, a model is trained to predict the temperature change of the inlet temperature of the energy storage converter over a future period. When it is predicted that the inlet temperature of the energy storage converter will exceed a threshold, the auxiliary fan is started in advance, and the fan speed is dynamically adjusted according to the predicted temperature curve, thereby avoiding sudden start-up and temperature fluctuations when the threshold is reached, and improving the operational stability of the energy storage converter.

[0125] In other embodiments, the method further includes: calculating the average ambient temperature under current environmental conditions using a sliding window statistical method, and using this average ambient temperature as a reference value for a first temperature; setting an environmental adaptability model, and adjusting the value of the first temperature based on the reference value and the real-time external ambient temperature, so that the first temperature can adapt to changes in different ambient temperatures.

[0126] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this application, the temperature control and regulation of the energy storage converter in the above embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.

[0127] Example 1

[0128] This application provides a thermal management method for an energy storage converter, the specific implementation of which is shown below, but is not limited to this implementation. This embodiment details the air-cooling and internal circulation temperature control process within the energy storage converter. Multi-dimensional temperature control of the energy storage converter is achieved through parameters such as ambient temperature, power device temperature, internal circulation temperature, and the temperature difference between the internal and ambient temperatures. Combined with a second air-cooling component (serving as the main cooling fan) in the bottom region and a third air-cooling component (serving as an internal circulation turbulence fan) in the top region, effective heat management is realized within the energy storage converter. This application dynamically adjusts the rotation speeds of the second and third air-cooling components based on the operating status of the energy storage converter (including charging / discharging, standby, or shutdown) and the dynamic changes in various temperature parameters to ensure that the power device temperature and the internal air circulation temperature remain within preset ranges.

[0129] When the energy storage converter is in shutdown or standby mode, the operation of the second air-cooled component is constrained by the temperature of the power devices: when the power device temperature is below 50℃, it shuts down after a 120-second delay; when the temperature is between 50℃ and 75℃, it shuts down after a 180-second delay; and when the temperature reaches 75℃ or above, it shuts down after a 240-second delay. During normal operation, the initial duty cycle of the second air-cooled component is 30%, and it is adjusted in steps according to the power device temperature: within the 30℃ to 80℃ range, the duty cycle increases by 5% for every 5℃ increase and held for 5 seconds; within the 80℃ to 86℃ range, the duty cycle also increases by 5% for every 2℃ increase and held for 5 seconds; when the temperature exceeds 86℃ and is held for 10 seconds, the air-cooled component is controlled to operate at 100% speed to ensure the safety of the power devices.

[0130] The third air-cooling component is controlled based on the internal circulation temperature of the energy storage converter. In shutdown or standby mode, if the internal circulation temperature is below 50°C, it shuts off after a 120-second delay; above 50°C, it shuts off after a 180-second delay; and at 70°C or above, it shuts off after a 240-second delay. During operation, if the internal circulation temperature exceeds 70°C and remains there for 10 seconds, the third air-cooling component is forced to run at 100% speed until the temperature drops below 65°C. When the internal circulation temperature is below 70°C, it adjusts based on the temperature difference between the internal circulation temperature and the ambient temperature: if the temperature difference is less than 20°C and remains there for 20 seconds, the speed is 60%; if the temperature difference is greater than or equal to 20°C and remains there for 20 seconds, the speed is 100%; and if the temperature difference drops below 15°C and remains there for 20 seconds, the speed returns to 60%. Furthermore, in shutdown or standby mode, the operation of the second air-cooled component can be directly controlled based on the ambient temperature. For example, when the ambient temperature is between 45°C and 48°C for 5 seconds, the speed is 50%; when the ambient temperature exceeds 48°C for 5 seconds, the speed increases to 80%; and when the ambient temperature is below 40°C, the air-cooled component stops operating. Through the above multi-parameter combined adjustment, the power devices and internal air circulation temperature of the energy storage converter can be precisely controlled, thereby effectively ensuring equipment performance and service life.

[0131] Example 2

[0132] like Figure 2 As shown in the diagram, this application provides a schematic diagram of the internal structure layout of an electrical compartment. The electrical compartment adopts a professional industrial design, and its internal space is rationally divided by a central partition 500, achieving optimization of equipment layout and airflow path. In this electrical compartment, the liquid cooling unit 400 is located above the compartment body, serving as the main heat dissipation core of the battery cluster and responsible for cooling the circulating medium; the power conversion system (PCS) 200 is located below the compartment body and is one of the main heat sources, with the heat generated being carried away by the flowing air; the air-cooled components are installed in appropriate positions to provide airflow power, ensuring that cooling air can flow through the entire electrical compartment in a forced and orderly manner; the central partition 500 constructs an independent air duct, effectively isolating different temperature zones, guiding airflow to flow efficiently along the designed path, avoiding short-circuiting of hot airflow, thereby improving overall heat dissipation efficiency. During the heat dissipation process, cooling air enters from the left air inlet of the compartment under the drive of the fan. The airflow is first guided by the air duct constructed by the partition 500 and flows through the energy storage converter 200 to absorb the large amount of heat generated during its operation. Then the heated airflow continues to flow through the liquid cooling unit 400 to exchange heat with it, and finally is discharged from the right air outlet, forming a complete, efficient and reliable closed heat dissipation cycle.

[0133] Specifically, the energy storage converter 200 internally includes a bottom-level main cooling fan (i.e., the second air-cooling component) and a top-level turbulence-inducing small fan (i.e., the third air-cooling component). Based on this, two auxiliary fans 301 (i.e., the first air-cooling component 300) are added at the air outlet of the energy storage converter, forming an enhanced heat dissipation path with forward airflow and rearward airflow. This embodiment achieves temperature regulation through the following control logic:

[0134] See Figure 3 The auxiliary fan control logic is as follows: It determines whether the energy storage converter and the liquid cooling unit are in operation. When the energy storage converter is in a non-operating state (i.e., non-charging / discharging phase) and the liquid cooling unit is in operation, it detects the inlet temperature of the energy storage converter. When this temperature is ≥45℃, the auxiliary fan is started, and the fan speed is dynamically adjusted as the temperature rises (e.g., an initial duty cycle of 50%, increasing by 10% for every 3℃ increase), until the temperature is ≤30℃, at which point the auxiliary fan is shut down or shut down after a 5-minute delay. When the temperature is <45℃, the auxiliary fan is not started. When the energy storage converter is in operation (i.e., charging / discharging phase), it detects the inlet temperature of the energy storage converter. When the temperature is ≥40℃, the auxiliary fan is started, and the fan speed is controlled to change with the temperature, until the temperature is ≤30℃, at which point the auxiliary fan is shut down or shut down after a 5-minute delay. When the temperature is <40℃, the auxiliary fan is not started.

[0135] The control logic for the bottom-level main cooling fan and the top-level turbulence fan is as follows:

[0136] Upon receiving a shutdown or standby command from the energy storage converter, if the temperature of the internal power devices (such as IGBT modules) is <50℃, the bottom-level cooling main fan will stop after a 120-second delay; if the device temperature is ≥50℃, it will stop after a 180-second delay; and if the device temperature is ≥75℃, it will stop after a 240-second delay. The initial duty cycle of the bottom-level cooling main fan is 30%. When 30℃ < device temperature ≤ 80℃, the fan increments by 5℃ for 5 seconds; when 80℃ < device temperature ≤ 86℃, the fan increments by 5℃ for 5 seconds; and when the device temperature > 86℃ and remains above 10 seconds, the bottom-level cooling main fan will operate at 100% speed.

[0137] When the energy storage converter is not running or in standby mode, if the internal circulation temperature (also called the control layer temperature) of the energy storage converter is <50℃, the top-level turbulence fan will stop after a delay of 120s; if the internal circulation temperature is ≥50℃, it will stop after a delay of 180s; if the internal circulation temperature is ≥70℃, it will stop after a delay of 240s. When the internal circulation temperature is ≥70℃ and maintained for 10s, the top-level turbulence fan will run at 100% speed until the temperature is <65℃, at which point it will stop at full speed. When the internal circulation temperature is <70℃ and the difference between the internal circulation temperature and the ambient temperature is <20℃ and maintained for 20s, the top-level turbulence fan will run at 60% speed. When the temperature is <70℃ and the difference between the internal circulation temperature and the ambient temperature is ≥20℃ and maintained for 20s, the top-level turbulence fan will run at 100% speed. When the internal circulation temperature is <70℃ and the difference between the internal circulation temperature and the ambient temperature is <15℃ and maintained for 20s, the top-level turbulence fan will reduce its speed to 60%.

[0138] When the energy storage converter is in standby or shutdown mode and the ambient temperature is between 45℃ and 48℃, the bottom cooling main fan runs at 50% speed; when the ambient temperature is >48℃, the bottom cooling main fan speed increases to 80%; when the ambient temperature is ≤40℃, the bottom cooling main fan stops running, thus ensuring the safety and energy saving of the equipment under different ambient temperatures.

[0139] In addition, such as Figure 2 As shown, the aforementioned electrical compartment also includes louvers 600, located at the air inlet and air outlet.

[0140] Through the above embodiment 2, this application realizes the coordinated control of multiple fans in the energy storage converter, which can optimize temperature management under different working states and environmental conditions, thereby further improving the safety and reliability of the energy storage converter and the overall energy storage system.

[0141] This application also provides a thermal management device for an energy storage converter. It should be noted that the thermal management device for the energy storage converter in this application can be used to execute the thermal management method for the energy storage converter provided in this application. This device is used to implement the above embodiments and preferred embodiments; details already described will not be repeated. As used below, the term "module" can refer to a combination of software and / or hardware that performs a predetermined function. Although the device described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.

[0142] The protection device for the energy storage device provided in the embodiments of this application will be described below.

[0143] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal management device of an energy storage converter according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 As shown:

[0144] The acquisition module 10 is used to acquire the operating status of the energy storage converter, the operating status of the liquid cooling unit of the battery cluster, and the air inlet temperature of the energy storage converter. The liquid cooling unit is located on one side of the energy storage converter.

[0145] The first control module 20 is used to control the first air-cooling component to start when the working state of the energy storage converter is non-charging and discharging, the working state of the liquid cooling unit is running, and the air inlet temperature is greater than or equal to the first temperature, and to control the operating parameters of the first air-cooling component according to the air inlet temperature until the controlled air inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature.

[0146] The second control module 30 is used to control the first air-cooling component to delay shutting down when the air inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature, wherein the second temperature is less than the first temperature.

[0147] The thermal management device for the energy storage converter described in this application includes an acquisition module, a first control module, and a second control module. The acquisition module acquires the operating state of the energy storage converter, the operating state of the liquid cooling unit of the battery cluster, and the inlet temperature of the energy storage converter, wherein the liquid cooling unit is located on one side of the energy storage converter. The first control module controls the first air-cooling component to start when the energy storage converter is in a non-charging / discharging state, the liquid cooling unit is in an operating state, and the inlet temperature is greater than or equal to a first temperature. It also controls the operating parameters of the first air-cooling component based on the inlet temperature until the controlled inlet temperature is less than or equal to a second temperature. The second control module controls the first air-cooling component to delay shutting down when the inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature, wherein the second temperature is less than the first temperature. This application installs a first air-cooling component at the air outlet of the energy storage converter. Based on the operating status of the energy storage converter, the operating status of the liquid chiller, and the inlet temperature, the start / stop and operating parameters of the air-cooling component are intelligently controlled. When the energy storage converter is in a non-charging / discharging state, the liquid chiller is in operation, and the inlet temperature is high, the first air-cooling component is activated to cool the air inlet of the energy storage converter. This solves the problem of false alarms triggered by high inlet temperatures during the non-charging / discharging phase, which affects the normal operation of the energy storage converter.

[0148] In some embodiments, the first control module includes: a control submodule, an acquisition submodule, a determination submodule, and a loop submodule.

[0149] The control submodule is used to control the steps, controlling the first air-cooled component to start rotating according to the first rotational duty cycle;

[0150] The acquisition submodule is used to acquire the acquisition step, acquire the air inlet temperature corresponding to the first air-cooling component after rotating for a first time, and obtain the temperature difference of the air inlet before and after the first time.

[0151] A determination submodule is used to determine the steps: when the temperature difference is greater than 0°C, a first duty cycle change value is determined based on the temperature difference and a first control relationship, and the rotational duty cycle of the first air-cooled component is controlled to increase the first duty cycle change value; when the temperature difference is less than or equal to 0°C, a second duty cycle change value is determined based on the temperature difference and a second control relationship, and the rotational duty cycle of the first air-cooled component is controlled to increase the duty cycle change value. The first control relationship is the correspondence between positive temperature differences and duty cycle change values, and the second control relationship is the correspondence between non-positive temperature differences and duty cycle change values.

[0152] The loop submodule is used to loop the steps, executing the above acquisition step and the above determination step at least once in sequence, until the above air inlet temperature is less than or equal to the above second temperature.

[0153] In some embodiments, the above-described apparatus further includes a third control module.

[0154] The third control module is used to control the first air-cooling component to start operation when the energy storage converter is in a charging / discharging state and the air inlet temperature is greater than or equal to the third temperature, until the controlled air inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature, and the third temperature is less than the first temperature and greater than the second temperature.

[0155] In some embodiments, the second control module includes one of the following: a first control submodule and a second control submodule.

[0156] The first control submodule is used to control the first air-cooling component to continue operating for a second period of time and then shut it down when the air inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature.

[0157] The second control submodule is used to obtain the time difference between the historical shutdown time and the current startup time when the air inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature. When the time difference is less than or equal to the time difference threshold, the module controls the first air-cooling component to continue running for a third duration before shutting down. When the time difference is greater than the time difference threshold, the module controls the first air-cooling component to continue running for a second duration before shutting down. The second duration is less than the third duration. The current startup time is the moment when the first air-cooling component is started this time, and the historical shutdown time is the shutdown time of the first air-cooling component most recently before the current startup.

[0158] In some embodiments, the energy storage converter includes a bottom region and a top region, the air outlet is located in the top region, the bottom region is provided with a second air-cooling component and a power device, the top region is provided with a third air-cooling component, the power of the second air-cooling component is greater than the power of the first air-cooling component and the third air-cooling component, and the device further includes a fourth control module and a fifth control module.

[0159] The fourth control module is used to control the operation of the second air-cooling component based at least on the operating state of the energy storage converter, the device temperature of the power device, and the ambient temperature, so that the device temperature meets the corresponding temperature requirements.

[0160] The fifth control module is used to control the operation of the third air-cooling component based at least on the operating state of the energy storage converter and the internal circulation temperature of the energy storage converter, so that the internal circulation temperature meets the corresponding temperature requirements, wherein the internal circulation temperature is the temperature of the air flowing through the energy storage converter.

[0161] In some embodiments, the fourth control module includes: a rotation control submodule, a shutdown control submodule, and a run control submodule.

[0162] The rotation control submodule is used to control the second air-cooling component to rotate according to the second speed duty cycle when the energy storage converter is in the charging and discharging state, and to adjust the operating parameters of the second air-cooling component in steps according to the temperature of the device and the temperature change of the device.

[0163] The shutdown control submodule is used to control the second air-cooling component to delay shutdown based on the device temperature when the energy storage converter is in the charging / discharging state and an instruction to shut down or standby is received.

[0164] The operation control submodule is used to control the operation of the second air-cooled component according to the ambient temperature when the energy storage converter is in the non-charging / discharging state.

[0165] In some embodiments, the rotation control submodule includes: a first control unit, a second control unit, and a third control unit.

[0166] The first control unit is configured to, when the temperature of the device is greater than or equal to the second temperature and less than the fourth temperature, control the rotation speed of the second air-cooling component to increase by a third duty cycle change value whenever the temperature of the device increases by a fifth temperature and the device temperature remains increased for a fourth duration, wherein the fourth temperature is greater than the first temperature and the fifth temperature is less than the second temperature.

[0167] The second control unit is configured to, when the temperature of the device is greater than or equal to the fourth temperature and less than the sixth temperature, control the rotation speed of the second air-cooling component to increase the third duty cycle change value whenever the temperature of the device increases to a seventh temperature and the device temperature remains at the fourth duration after the increase. The seventh temperature is less than the fifth temperature.

[0168] The third control unit is used to control the second air-cooling component to rotate at a 100% duty cycle when the temperature of the device is greater than or equal to the sixth temperature and the duration of maintenance reaches the fifth duration, wherein the fifth duration is greater than the fourth duration.

[0169] In some embodiments, the shutdown control submodule includes: a first shutdown control unit, a second shutdown control unit, and a third shutdown control unit.

[0170] The first shutdown control unit is used to control the second air-cooling component to continue operating for a sixth time and then shut it down when the temperature of the above-mentioned device is lower than the eighth temperature, wherein the eighth temperature is higher than the first temperature.

[0171] The second shutdown control unit is used to control the second air-cooling component to continue operating for a seventh time and then shut it down when the temperature of the device is greater than or equal to the eighth temperature and less than the ninth temperature.

[0172] The third shutdown control unit is used to control the second air-cooling component to continue operating for eight hours and then shut down when the temperature of the device is greater than or equal to the ninth temperature. The eighth time, the seventh time, and the sixth time decrease in sequence.

[0173] In some embodiments, the operation control submodule includes: a first operation control unit, a second operation control unit, and a third operation control unit.

[0174] The first operation control unit is used to control the second air-cooling component to rotate at a third speed duty cycle when the ambient temperature is less than or equal to the tenth temperature and greater than or equal to the first temperature and the duration of maintenance reaches the ninth duration.

[0175] The second operation control unit is used to control the second air-cooling component to rotate at a fourth speed duty cycle when the ambient temperature is greater than the tenth temperature and the duration of maintenance reaches the ninth duration. The fourth speed duty cycle is greater than the third speed duty cycle.

[0176] The third operation control unit is used to control the second air-cooling component to shut down when the ambient temperature is lower than the eleventh temperature, wherein the eleventh temperature is lower than the first temperature and higher than the second temperature.

[0177] In some embodiments, the fifth control module includes: a delay control submodule, a full-speed control submodule, and a rev ratio control submodule.

[0178] The delay control submodule is used to determine the delay duration of the third air-cooling component based on the internal circulation temperature when the operating state of the energy storage converter is the non-charging and discharging state, and to control the third air-cooling component to continue running for the aforementioned delay duration before stopping operation.

[0179] The full-speed control submodule is used to control the third air-cooling component to rotate at 100% speed duty cycle when the energy storage converter is in the charging and discharging state and the internal circulation temperature is greater than or equal to the twelfth temperature. The twelfth temperature is greater than the first temperature.

[0180] The duty cycle control sub-module is used to determine the corresponding speed duty cycle based on the temperature difference between the internal circulation temperature and the ambient temperature when the energy storage converter is in the charging and discharging state and the internal circulation temperature is lower than the twelfth temperature, and to control the third air-cooled component to operate at the corresponding speed duty cycle.

[0181] The thermal management device of the aforementioned energy storage converter includes a processor and a memory. The aforementioned acquisition module, first control module, and second control module are all stored as program units in the memory, and the processor executes the aforementioned program units stored in the memory to achieve the corresponding functions. All of the aforementioned modules are located in the same processor; or, the aforementioned modules are located in different processors in any combination.

[0182] The processor contains a kernel, which retrieves the corresponding program units from memory. One or more kernels can be configured. By adjusting the kernel parameters, the problem in existing technologies—where the high coupling of different types of parameters in photovoltaic power generation system inverters makes it impossible to accurately obtain all the parameters of the inverter, thus hindering the stable operation of the photovoltaic power generation system—can be addressed.

[0183] The memory may include non-permanent memory in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM, and the memory includes at least one memory chip.

[0184] This invention provides an energy storage system, comprising:

[0185] Battery clusters;

[0186] An energy storage converter is electrically connected to the aforementioned battery cluster, and a first air-cooling component is provided at the air outlet of the aforementioned energy storage converter.

[0187] The liquid cooling unit of the aforementioned battery cluster is located on one side of the aforementioned energy storage converter;

[0188] The controller of the aforementioned energy storage converter includes one or more processors, a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, and the one or more programs include methods for performing any of the aforementioned thermal management methods for the energy storage converter.

[0189] Optionally, the thermal management methods for energy storage converters include:

[0190] Step S201: Obtain the operating status of the energy storage converter, the operating status of the liquid cooling unit of the battery cluster, and the air inlet temperature of the energy storage converter, wherein the liquid cooling unit is located on one side of the energy storage converter.

[0191] Step S202: When the working state of the above-mentioned energy storage converter is non-charging and discharging state, the working state of the above-mentioned liquid cooling unit is running state, and the above-mentioned air inlet temperature is greater than or equal to the first temperature, control the above-mentioned first air cooling component to start, and control the operating parameters of the above-mentioned first air cooling component according to the above-mentioned air inlet temperature until the controlled above-mentioned air inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature.

[0192] Step S203: When the air inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature, control the first air-cooling component to delay shutting down, where the second temperature is less than the first temperature.

[0193] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0194] As can be seen from the above description, the embodiments of this application achieve the following technical effects:

[0195] This application provides a thermal management method for an energy storage converter. By installing a first air-cooling component at the outlet of the energy storage converter, and intelligently controlling the start-up, shutdown, and operating parameters of the air-cooling component based on the operating status of the energy storage converter, the operating status of the liquid chiller, and the inlet temperature, the method activates the first air-cooling component when the energy storage converter is in a non-charging / discharging state, the liquid chiller is in operation, and the inlet temperature is high. This cools the inlet of the energy storage converter, preventing false alarms triggered by high inlet temperatures during non-charging / discharging phases, which could affect the normal operation of the energy storage converter. Furthermore, this application employs a delayed shutdown mechanism to ensure the temperature control stability of the energy storage converter and avoid frequent start-up and shutdown of the first air-cooling component.

[0196] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are specific examples of implementing this application, and in practical applications, various changes in form and detail can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Any person skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of this application; therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. An energy storage system, characterized by, include: Battery clusters; An energy storage converter is electrically connected to the battery cluster, and a first air-cooling component is provided at the air outlet of the energy storage converter. The liquid cooling unit of the battery cluster is located on one side of the energy storage converter; The controller of the energy storage converter includes a thermal management device for the energy storage converter, the thermal management device comprising: The acquisition module is used to acquire the operating status of the energy storage converter, the operating status of the liquid cooling unit of the battery cluster, and the air inlet temperature of the energy storage converter, wherein the liquid cooling unit is located on one side of the energy storage converter. The first control module is used to control the first air-cooling component to start when the energy storage converter is in a non-charging / discharging state, the liquid cooler is in a running state, and the air inlet temperature is greater than or equal to a first temperature, and to control the operating parameters of the first air-cooling component according to the air inlet temperature until the controlled air inlet temperature is less than or equal to a second temperature. The second control module is used to control the first air-cooling component to delay shutting down when the air inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature, wherein the second temperature is less than the first temperature.

2. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein, The first control module includes: The control submodule is used to control the steps, controlling the first air-cooled component to start rotating according to the first rotational duty cycle; The acquisition submodule is used to acquire the steps, acquire the air inlet temperature corresponding to the first air-cooled component after rotating for a first time, and obtain the temperature difference of the air inlet before and after the first time. A determination submodule is used to determine the following steps: when the temperature difference is greater than 0°C, a first duty cycle change value is determined based on the temperature difference and a first control relationship, and the rotational duty cycle of the first air-cooled component is controlled to increase the first duty cycle change value; when the temperature difference is less than or equal to 0°C, a second duty cycle change value is determined based on the temperature difference and a second control relationship, and the rotational duty cycle of the first air-cooled component is controlled to increase the duty cycle change value. The first control relationship is a correspondence between positive temperature differences and duty cycle change values, and the second control relationship is a correspondence between non-positive temperature differences and duty cycle change values. The loop submodule is used to loop the steps, executing the acquisition step and the determination step at least once in sequence until the air inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature.

3. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein, The thermal management device further includes: The third control module is used to control the first air-cooling component to start operation when the energy storage converter is in the charging and discharging state and the air inlet temperature is greater than or equal to the third temperature, until the controlled air inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature, and the third temperature is less than the first temperature and greater than the second temperature.

4. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein, The second control module includes one of the following: The first control submodule is used to control the first air-cooling component to continue operating for a second period of time and then shut it down when the air inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature. The second control submodule is used to, when the air inlet temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature, obtain the time difference between the historical shutdown time and the current startup time, and when the time difference is less than or equal to a time difference threshold, control the first air-cooling component to continue running for a third duration before shutting down, and when the time difference is greater than the time difference threshold, control the first air-cooling component to continue running for a second duration before shutting down, wherein the second duration is less than the third duration, the current startup time is the time when the first air-cooling component is started this time, and the historical shutdown time is the shutdown time of the first air-cooling component most recently before the current startup of the first air-cooling component.

5. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein, The energy storage converter includes a bottom region and a top region. The air outlet is located in the top region. The bottom region is equipped with a second air-cooling component and power devices. The top region is equipped with a third air-cooling component. The power of the second air-cooling component is greater than the power of the first air-cooling component and the third air-cooling component. The thermal management device further includes: The fourth control module is used to control the operation of the second air-cooling component based at least on the operating state of the energy storage converter, the device temperature of the power device, and the ambient temperature, so that the device temperature meets the corresponding temperature requirements. The fifth control module is used to control the operation of the third air-cooling component based at least on the operating state of the energy storage converter and the internal circulation temperature of the energy storage converter, so that the internal circulation temperature meets the corresponding temperature requirements, wherein the internal circulation temperature is the temperature of the air flowing through the inside of the energy storage converter.

6. The energy storage system of claim 5, wherein, The fourth control module includes: The rotation control submodule is used to control the second air-cooling component to rotate according to a second rotation speed duty cycle when the energy storage converter is in the charging and discharging state, and to adjust the operating parameters of the second air-cooling component in steps according to the device temperature and the changes in the device temperature. The shutdown control submodule is used to control the second air-cooling component to delay shutdown based on the device temperature when the energy storage converter is in the charging / discharging state and an instruction indicating that the energy storage converter should be shut down or standby is received. The operation control submodule is used to control the operation of the second air-cooled component according to the ambient temperature when the energy storage converter is in the non-charging / discharging state.

7. The energy storage system of claim 6, wherein, The rotation control submodule includes: The first control unit is configured to, when the device temperature is greater than or equal to the second temperature and less than the fourth temperature, control the rotation speed of the second air-cooled component to increase by a third duty cycle change value whenever the device temperature changes by a fifth temperature and the device temperature remains at the increased temperature for a fourth duration, wherein the fourth temperature is greater than the first temperature and the fifth temperature is less than the second temperature. The second control unit is configured to, when the device temperature is greater than or equal to the fourth temperature and less than the sixth temperature, control the rotation speed of the second air-cooled component to increase by the third duty cycle change value whenever the device temperature changes by a seventh temperature and the device temperature remains at the increased temperature for the fourth duration, wherein the seventh temperature is less than the fifth temperature. The third control unit is used to control the second air-cooling component to rotate at a 100% duty cycle when the device temperature is greater than or equal to the sixth temperature and the duration of maintenance reaches the fifth duration, wherein the fifth duration is greater than the fourth duration.

8. The energy storage system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The shutdown control submodule includes: The first shutdown control unit is used to control the second air-cooling component to continue operating for a sixth time and then shut down when the device temperature is lower than the eighth temperature, wherein the eighth temperature is higher than the first temperature; The second shutdown control unit is used to control the second air-cooling component to continue operating for a seventh time and then shut it down when the device temperature is greater than or equal to the eighth temperature and less than the ninth temperature. The third shutdown control unit is used to control the second air-cooling component to continue operating for an eighth time period and then shut it down when the device temperature is greater than or equal to the ninth temperature, wherein the eighth time period, the seventh time period, and the sixth time period decrease sequentially.

9. The energy storage system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The operation control submodule includes: The first operation control unit is used to control the second air-cooling component to rotate at a third speed duty cycle when the ambient temperature is less than or equal to the tenth temperature and greater than or equal to the first temperature and the duration of maintenance reaches the ninth duration. The second operation control unit is used to control the second air-cooling component to rotate at a fourth speed duty cycle when the ambient temperature is greater than the tenth temperature and the duration of maintenance reaches the ninth duration. The fourth speed duty cycle is greater than the third speed duty cycle. The third operation control unit is used to control the second air-cooling component to shut down when the ambient temperature is lower than the eleventh temperature, wherein the eleventh temperature is lower than the first temperature and higher than the second temperature.

10. The energy storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fifth control module includes: The delay control submodule is used to determine the delay duration of the third air-cooling component based on the internal circulation temperature when the energy storage converter is in the non-charging / discharging state, and to control the third air-cooling component to continue running for the delay duration before stopping operation. The full-speed control submodule is used to control the third air-cooling component to rotate at 100% speed duty cycle when the energy storage converter is in the charging and discharging state and the internal circulation temperature is greater than or equal to the twelfth temperature, wherein the twelfth temperature is greater than the first temperature. The duty cycle control submodule is used to determine the corresponding speed duty cycle based on the temperature difference between the internal circulation temperature and the ambient temperature when the energy storage converter is in the charging and discharging state and the internal circulation temperature is less than the twelfth temperature, and to control the third air-cooling component to operate at the corresponding speed duty cycle.

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