Camellia seed oil extraction process

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of camellia-seed oil extraction, and particularly provides a camellia-seed oil extraction process, which uses two-stage crushing equipment, and the two-stage crushing equipment comprises a roller type hull breaking mechanism, a tooth type grinding mechanism, a winnowing mechanism and an adjusting system; the roller type hull breaking mechanism comprises a breaking cabin and two breaking rollers rotationally arranged in the breaking cabin, and the roller type hull breaking mechanism is provided with a gap adjusting assembly used for adjusting the gap between the breaking rollers. The feeding end of the tooth type grinding mechanism communicates with the bottom end of the discharging pipe in a sealed mode, and a grinding fluted disc rotating relatively is arranged in the tooth type grinding mechanism; the winnowing mechanism comprises an air inlet pipe, a backflow pipe, an auxiliary pipe and a waste discharge pipe, the near end of the air inlet pipe is communicated with a grinding cavity of the tooth type grinding mechanism in a sealed mode, automatic adjustment of seed shell breaking and seed kernel grinding precision is achieved, the shell breaking and grinding procedures in the equipment are automatically adjusted, the grinding standard before squeezing is achieved, and the grinding efficiency is improved. And the oil quality can be greatly improved in the subsequent extraction process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of camellia seed oil extraction technology, and particularly to a camellia seed oil extraction process. Background Technology

[0002] The core prerequisite for camellia seed oil extraction is efficient pretreatment of the camellia seed raw material. The pretreatment effect directly determines the subsequent oil extraction rate, purity, and quality. In existing camellia seed oil extraction processes, the pretreatment stage generally adopts a step-by-step operation mode of "first-stage shell breaking + second-stage grinding + shell-kernel separation". The specific process is as follows: first, the camellia seeds are shelled by a roller pressing mechanism; then, the shell-kernel mixture after shelling is transported to a grinding mechanism for kernel grinding through pipelines; finally, the shell and kernel are separated by air separation equipment.

[0003] To improve processing efficiency, some processes have attempted to integrate shell-breaking, grinding, and air-separation mechanisms. However, each mechanism still operates independently and requires connection through a material conveying structure, which occupies a large space. The airflow generated during air separation is directly discharged without being recycled. The shell-breaking gap and grinding speed in the process cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time processing effect, which affects the extraction quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above problems, this invention provides a camellia seed oil extraction process that employs a two-stage crushing device. The two-stage crushing device includes a roller crushing mechanism, a toothed grinding mechanism, an air separation mechanism, and an adjustment system. The roller crushing mechanism includes a crushing chamber and two crushing rollers rotatably disposed within the crushing chamber. The discharge end of the crushing chamber is connected to a discharge pipe. The roller crushing mechanism is equipped with a gap adjustment component for adjusting the gap between the crushing rollers. The feed end of the toothed grinding mechanism is sealed and connected to the bottom end of the discharge pipe, and the toothed grinding mechanism is provided with a grinding toothed disc that rotates relative to each other. The air separation mechanism includes an air inlet pipe, a return pipe, an auxiliary pipe, and a waste discharge pipe. The proximal end of the air inlet pipe is sealed and connected to the grinding chamber of the toothed grinding mechanism. The proximal end of the auxiliary pipe is sealed and connected to the body of the discharge pipe. The two ends of the return pipe are sealed and connected to the distal ends of the air inlet pipe and the distal ends of the auxiliary pipe, respectively. The waste discharge pipe is connected to the return pipe to discharge the intercepted shell debris. When the toothed grinding mechanism is working, the internal grinding tooth disc rotates to generate a strong vortex. The strong vortex creates a negative pressure in the discharge pipe. The negative pressure drives the airflow to enter the discharge pipe through the auxiliary pipe, thereby realizing negative pressure assisted conveying of the material in the discharge pipe. The adjustment system is electrically connected to the gap adjustment component and the grinding tooth disc drive component, respectively, and is used to adjust the crushing and grinding parameters such as the crushing roller gap and the grinding tooth disc speed according to the shell breaking state of the material in the discharge pipe. The camellia seed oil extraction process includes the following steps: Step 1: Put the dried camellia seed raw material into the roller shelling mechanism of the two-stage crushing equipment, start the roller shelling mechanism, and use the two crushing rollers to squeeze and crush the shells by rotating in opposite directions; so that the shelled seeds and kernels enter the toothed grinding mechanism for grinding. Step 2: The adjustment system uses sensors to detect in real time the proportion of shell fragments and the integrity of the kernels as the material enters the discharge pipe after shelling. When the proportion of shell fragments is greater than 5%, the gap between the two crushing rollers is reduced by the gap adjustment component to ensure that the hard shells are fully broken. When the kernel breakage rate is greater than 3%, the gap between the two crushing rollers is increased by the gap adjustment component to prevent the kernel oil from being exposed and oxidized. Step 3: The grinding disc of the toothed grinding mechanism rotates to generate a strong vortex, which creates a negative pressure in the discharge pipe. The negative pressure drives the airflow to enter the discharge pipe through the auxiliary pipe, which in turn drives the broken material to slide down the pipe steadily, avoiding material accumulation and blockage. Step 4: The system adjusts the rotation speed of the grinding disc based on the kernel particle size difference data detected by the sensor. When the kernel particle size difference is >2mm, the air volume of the blower into the air inlet pipe is increased, thereby increasing the swirling intensity in the toothed grinding mechanism and achieving high-frequency grinding. Conversely, the air volume of the blower into the air inlet pipe is decreased, thereby reducing the swirling intensity in the toothed grinding mechanism and achieving low-frequency grinding. Step 5: The ground material enters the vibrating screening equipment to screen out the seed kernel fragments with qualified particle size; the unqualified large seed kernels are returned to be re-ground. Step 6: The selected qualified seed kernel fragments are sent to the subsequent pressing and solvent extraction processes to complete the extraction of camellia seed oil.

[0005] As a further preferred embodiment, a spiral guide plate is provided on the wall of the discharge pipe along its height direction.

[0006] As a further preferred embodiment, the toothed grinding mechanism includes a grinding chamber and grinding toothed discs, wherein there are at least two grinding toothed discs that are connected to the grinding chamber, and the two grinding toothed discs mesh with each other, with the meshing area corresponding to the bottom side of the discharge pipe.

[0007] As a further preferred embodiment, the auxiliary pipe is inclined, with its proximal end inclined downward and connected to the discharge pipe, and its distal end inclined upward and connected to the return pipe.

[0008] As a further preferred embodiment, the adjustment system includes a central controller, a kernel state detection module, and an execution drive module; the kernel state detection module is located inside the discharge pipe and is used to detect the proportion of shell fragments, kernel integrity, and kernel particle size distribution data of the material after primary shell breaking, and transmit the detection data to the central controller; the execution drive module is electrically connected to the gap adjustment component and the drive component of the grinding disc, respectively, and is used to receive instructions from the central controller and drive the corresponding components to operate.

[0009] As a further preferred embodiment, the kernel state detection module includes a color image recognition sensor and a laser particle size sensor, both of which are located in the upper middle part of the discharge pipe. The transmitter and receiver of the laser particle size sensor are symmetrically installed on both sides of the discharge pipe, and the color image recognition sensor is installed on the side wall of the discharge pipe with its lens facing the central area inside the pipe. The kernel state detection module is used to detect the proportion of shell fragments, kernel integrity, and kernel particle size distribution data of the material after primary shell breaking, and transmits the detection data to the central controller.

[0010] As a further preferred embodiment, the execution drive module includes a servo motor mounted outside the crushing chamber. The gap adjustment assembly includes a lead screw and guide seats. There are two guide seats, which are symmetrically fixed on the two side walls of the crushing chamber. The lead screw is mounted on the output end of the servo motor. One crushing roller serves as the active roller, which is connected to the crushing chamber and driven by the motor. The other crushing roller serves as the driven roller, with both ends extending outside the two sides of the crushing chamber and slidably mounted on the two guide seats through bearing seats. The bearing seats are provided with threaded transmission seats, and the lead screw is driven to the threaded transmission seats. The adjustment system controls the forward and reverse rotation and rotation angle of the servo motor to drive the lead screw to adjust the gap between the driven roller and the active roller.

[0011] As a further preferred embodiment, the drive assembly includes a variable frequency motor mounted on the outer wall of the grinding chamber and a gear meshing between the two grinding discs; the output end of the variable frequency motor is connected to one of the grinding discs.

[0012] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are: 1. The toothed grinding mechanism and the roller crushing mechanism are connected together via a discharge pipe, eliminating the need for separate installation space for crushing and grinding. The discharge pipe is used not only for kernel conveying, but the toothed grinding mechanism is used not only for kernel refining. An air inlet pipe is installed on the grinding chamber, and an auxiliary pipe is installed on the discharge pipe. The auxiliary pipe and the air inlet pipe are connected together via a return pipe, forming a closed-loop air circuit consisting of the grinding chamber, air inlet pipe, discharge pipe, and auxiliary pipe. During operation, a strong vortex is formed inside the grinding chamber. This strong vortex creates a downward negative pressure suction in the discharge pipe, which helps the material in the discharge pipe to be discharged and prevents material jamming. This strong vortex also draws light shell fragments from the discharge pipe into the return pipe through the auxiliary pipe, preventing the kernel oil from oxidizing due to temperature rise and affecting quality. Gas recycling saves energy and reduces losses.

[0013] 2. An adjustment system is installed, with a sensor detection module on the discharge pipe. Based on the shell-breaking state of the material in the discharge pipe, the gap between the crushing rollers is automatically adjusted to keep the shell-breaking rate within the set threshold range. Based on the size of the kernel, the rotation speed of the grinding disc is automatically adjusted, and vortex gas is used to adjust the activity of the kernel in the grinding chamber. This achieves automatic adjustment of the shell-breaking and kernel grinding precision, enabling automatic adjustment of the shell-breaking and grinding processes in the equipment to meet the grinding standards before pressing. This significantly improves the quality of the oil in the subsequent extraction process. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 A plan view of a two-stage crushing device used in a camellia seed oil extraction process provided for an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A camellia seed oil extraction process provided by an embodiment of the present invention comprises... Figure 1 The resulting 3D schematic diagram; Figure 3 A camellia seed oil extraction process provided by an embodiment of the present invention comprises... Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the partial cross-section. Figure 4 A camellia seed oil extraction process provided by an embodiment of the present invention comprises... Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram from another perspective. Figure 5 A control flow diagram of the adjustment system in a camellia seed oil extraction process provided for an embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] In the diagram: 1. Roller crushing mechanism; 2. Toothed grinding mechanism; 3. Air separation mechanism; 4. Crushing chamber; 5. Crushing roller; 6. Gap adjustment assembly; 7. Discharge pipe; 8. Drive assembly; 9. Air inlet pipe; 10. Return pipe; 11. Auxiliary pipe; 12. Waste discharge pipe; 13. Grinding chamber; 14. Spiral guide plate; 15. Grinding toothed disc; 16. Color image recognition sensor; 17. Laser particle size sensor; 18. Servo motor; 19. Lead screw; 20. Guide seat; 21. Bearing seat; 22. Threaded transmission seat; 23. Variable frequency motor; 24. Gear. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The above and other embodiments and advantages of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0017] In one implementation, such as Figures 1-5 As shown: This embodiment provides a camellia seed oil extraction process, which uses a two-stage crushing device for extraction. The two-stage crushing device includes a roller shell breaking mechanism 1, a toothed grinding mechanism 2, an air separation mechanism 3, and an adjustment system. The roller crushing mechanism 1 includes a crushing chamber 4 and at least two crushing rollers 5 rotatably disposed in the crushing chamber 4. The bottom discharge end of the crushing chamber 4 is sealed and connected to the top end of the discharge pipe 7. The roller crushing mechanism 1 is equipped with a gap adjustment component 6 for adjusting the gap between the crushing rollers 5. The feed end of the toothed grinding mechanism 2 is sealed and connected to the bottom end of the discharge pipe 7. The toothed grinding mechanism 2 is equipped with a grinding toothed disc 15 that rotates relative to each other, and is also equipped with a drive assembly 8 that drives the grinding toothed disc 15 to rotate. The air separation mechanism 3 includes an air inlet pipe 9, a return pipe 10, an auxiliary pipe 11, and a waste discharge pipe 12. The proximal end of the air inlet pipe 9 is sealed and connected to the grinding chamber 13 of the toothed grinding mechanism 2. The proximal end of the auxiliary pipe 11 is sealed and connected to the body of the discharge pipe 7. The two ends of the return pipe 10 are sealed and connected to the distal ends of the air inlet pipe 9 and the distal ends of the auxiliary pipe 11, respectively. The waste discharge pipe 12 is connected to the return pipe 10 to discharge the intercepted shell debris. When the toothed grinding mechanism 2 is working, the internal grinding tooth disk 15 rotates to generate a strong vortex. The strong vortex creates a negative pressure in the discharge pipe 7. The negative pressure drives the airflow to enter the discharge pipe 7 through the auxiliary pipe 11, thereby realizing the negative pressure assisted conveying of the material in the discharge pipe 7. The adjustment system is electrically connected to the gap adjustment component 6 and the grinding tooth disk 15 drive component 8, respectively, and is used to adjust the crushing and grinding parameters such as the gap of the crushing roller 5 and the rotation speed of the grinding tooth disk 15 according to the shell breaking state of the material in the discharge pipe 7.

[0018] In use, the aforementioned dual-stage crushing equipment is installed in the camellia seed oil extraction process. As an integrated device, it contains a roller crushing mechanism 1, a toothed grinding mechanism 2, and an air separation mechanism 3. The roller crushing mechanism 1 crushes the camellia seed raw material, obtaining broken shells and kernels. The broken shells and kernels enter the lower discharge pipe 7 and eventually flow into the toothed grinding mechanism 2. During this flow, the secondary toothed grinding mechanism 2 is activated, and its internal rotating toothed disc rotates at high speed. At this time, a strong vortex is formed inside the grinding chamber 13. This strong vortex creates a downward negative pressure suction force in the discharge pipe 7. This negative pressure suction force is released through the air inlet pipe. 9. The airflow is transferred to the return pipe 10, then to the auxiliary pipe 11, and finally to the discharge pipe 7. This strong vortex carries the light shell debris in the discharge pipe 7 and draws it into the return pipe 10 through the auxiliary pipe 11. When the airflow reaches the connection between the return pipe 10 and the inlet pipe 9, it is intercepted by the light impurity interception net. The shell debris is intercepted in the return pipe 10 and discharged through the waste discharge pipe 12 connected to the return pipe 10. The clean airflow passes through the interception net and is drawn back into the gear grinding chamber through the inlet pipe 9. Finally, it is driven by the vortex of the rotating gear disc and participates again in the swirling grinding process of the grinding chamber 13, forming a closed-loop air passage.

[0019] In this closed-loop air circuit, the airflow direction in the discharge pipe 7 is to flow towards the auxiliary pipe 11 through negative pressure suction. At this time, the downward trend of the material itself due to gravity is superimposed, forming a dual driving force of "airflow assistance + gravity". The mixture of "shell fragments + whole kernels" after shelling is steadily sliding down the inner wall of the pipe, which is equivalent to "adding a downward thrust" to the material, avoiding the accumulation and agglomeration of the material at the bottom of the pipe due to gravity, ensuring the continuity of material transportation and preventing material jamming.

[0020] In this closed-loop air circuit, relying on the density difference between shell fragments and kernels, such as shell fragments (0.3-0.5 g / cm³, kernels 1.0-1.2 g / cm³): the adsorption force generated by the airflow at the exhaust port is sufficient to overcome the gravity of the light shell fragments and "extract" the light shell fragments in the vicinity of the exhaust port from the mixture into the auxiliary pipe 11; while the kernels have a high density, the airflow adsorption force cannot pull them, and they will still slide down the pipe into the secondary grinding mechanism. It should be noted that, due to the diameter of the discharge pipe 7, the negative pressure adsorption of the air extraction port has a certain range of effect and cannot achieve 100% pre-removal of shell debris. In actual assembly, multiple air extraction ports can be opened at different positions on the discharge pipe. These air extraction ports are connected to pipe heads, and then these pipe heads are connected to the proximal end of the auxiliary pipe 11. By setting multiple negative pressure suction points on the discharge pipe, the material is basically removed before falling into the toothed grinding mechanism 2, and finally the purity of the kernels entering the grinding chamber 13 is ensured to be ≥99%. This design not only ensures the separation effect, but also avoids the problem of "excessive increase in negative pressure leading to accidental aspiration of kernels" in the single pre-removal mode.

[0021] In this closed-loop air path, the clean airflow circulating to the grinding chamber 13 is not discharged immediately after use, but is reused: as eddies are generated in the grinding chamber 13, the kernels are driven to form a swirling grinding state: after the airflow enters the grinding chamber 13 through the circumferential air inlet of the fixed toothed disc, it is driven by the eddies of the rotating toothed disc, causing the kernels to move in a swirling motion in the grinding chamber 13, rather than being statically crushed, ensuring uniform contact between the kernels and the grinding teeth; during the grinding process, the friction between the rotating toothed disc and the kernels generates heat, which the airflow can carry away in time, reducing the temperature of the grinding chamber 13 and preventing the kernel oils from oxidizing due to temperature rise, thus affecting the quality; this airflow comes from the exhaust gas recovery of the air classifier and the negative pressure circulation, eliminating the need for an additional independent air supply device, thus reducing the power of the secondary air intake system.

[0022] In addition, an adjustment system is set up to regulate crushing and grinding parameters such as the gap of the crushing roller 5 and the rotation speed of the grinding toothed disc 15 according to the shell breaking state of the material in the discharge pipe 7. Its working principle and technical effect are as follows: The adjustment system's control command is based on the shell and kernel state detection module installed in the discharge pipe 7. The shell and kernel state detection module includes a color image recognition sensor 16 and a laser particle size sensor 17. The color image recognition sensor 16 and the laser particle size sensor 17 detect the kernels flowing through the discharge pipe in real time. For example, when the material is shelled and output, the data on the shell and chip ratio, kernel breakage rate, and particle size difference in the discharge pipe 7 are collected. The real-time detection data is compared with preset thresholds (e.g., shell and chip ratio ≤ 5%, kernel breakage rate ≤ 5%). The system compares and outputs instructions based on the following thresholds: when the shell and chip percentage is greater than 5% (insufficient shell breaking), the control gap adjustment component 6 reduces the gap of the crushing roller 5 by 0.2-0.5mm, and the adjustment system controls the grinding disc 15 drive component 8 to increase the speed by 10-15%. For example, when the shell and chip percentage is greater than 3% (excessive shell breaking), the control gap adjustment component 6 increases the gap of the crushing roller 5 by 0.3-0.8mm, and at the same time reduces the speed of the grinding disc 15 by 15-20%. At this time, the variable frequency auxiliary fan of the air classifier 3 supplements the airflow to the grinding chamber 13 through the air inlet pipe 9, ensuring the stability of the negative pressure suction in the discharge pipe 7 and avoiding the reduction of speed leading to weakened vortex and insufficient negative pressure. The laser particle size sensor 17 works on the principle of laser diffraction. Its emitted monochromatic laser beam passes through the seed kernel material flow in the discharge pipe 7. The seed kernel particles scatter the laser light, and the intensity and angle of the scattered light are fixedly related to the particle size (the larger the particle size, the smaller the scattering angle and the stronger the scattered light intensity; the smaller the particle size, the larger the scattering angle and the weaker the scattered light intensity). The photodetector array built into the sensor captures the scattered light signals at different angles, converts the light signals into electrical signals, and transmits them to the signal processing unit of the central controller. The electrical signals are analyzed by the Fourier transform algorithm to fit the particle size distribution curve of the seed kernel particles, and then the standard deviation and coefficient of variation of the particle size of all detected particles are calculated. Finally, the "particle size difference" data (i.e., the difference between the largest and smallest particle sizes in the detected sample) is output. When a particle size difference greater than 2mm is detected (due to differences in variety and growth environment between different batches of camellia seeds, there are natural differences in shell thickness and kernel size; this detection logic can accurately adapt to batch differences), the laser particle size sensor transmits the data to the central controller in real time. The central controller has a built-in data comparison algorithm that compares the real-time data with a preset threshold. Based on the comparison, the rotation speed of the grinding disc 15 is individually finely adjusted to increase the speed, making the kernels more active in the grinding chamber and the grinding more refined to meet the grinding requirements.

[0023] By using detection and regulation to form an automatic control logic, the crushing and grinding parameters are adaptively matched. On the one hand, this improves the integrity of the kernels after shelling and avoids premature oxidation of oils. On the other hand, it ensures that the kernel fragments are of uniform size after grinding. Intelligent detection and control eliminate the need for frequent manual parameter adjustments, thus improving the level of process automation.

[0024] In another embodiment, a spiral guide plate 14 is provided on the wall of the discharge pipe 7 along its height direction. The spiral guide plate 14 can guide the material to slide down the inner wall of the pipe in a spiral shape in a stable manner, avoiding the accumulation and agglomeration of the material at the bottom of the pipe due to gravity, while increasing the contact area between the material and the airflow; the negative pressure airflow can more fully act on the material falling by the spiral, improving the adsorption and separation effect of light shells and chips; in addition, the spiral falling trajectory can prolong the residence time of the material in the discharge pipe 7, allowing the negative pressure airflow to have more time to extract the shells and chips, reducing the adsorption blind zone, and greatly improving the separation rate of light shells and chips.

[0025] In another embodiment, the toothed grinding mechanism 2 includes a grinding chamber 13 and grinding toothed discs 15. At least two grinding toothed discs 15 are connected within the grinding chamber 13, and the two discs mesh with each other, with the meshing area corresponding to the bottom side of the discharge pipe 7. Under the action of the double-meshing grinding toothed discs 15, the kernels falling from the discharge pipe 7 directly enter the meshing area of ​​the two discs, and the grinding uniformity can be further improved by the swirling airflow.

[0026] In another embodiment, the auxiliary pipe 11 is inclined, with its proximal end inclined downwards and connected to the discharge pipe 7, and its distal end inclined upwards and connected to the return pipe 10. For example, the angle between the proximal end of the auxiliary pipe 11 and the wall of the discharge pipe 7 is 10-15° and it faces the direction of material falling in the discharge pipe 7. This allows the negative pressure suction to draw the shell debris of the material in the discharge pipe into the auxiliary pipe 11. The inclined arrangement prevents material from being directly stored in the auxiliary pipe 11, thus avoiding obstruction of the negative pressure airflow. This improves the pre-removal efficiency, reduces the frequency of pipe cleaning, and lowers equipment maintenance costs.

[0027] In another embodiment, the adjustment system includes a central controller, a kernel state detection module, and an execution drive module. The kernel state detection module is located inside the discharge pipe 7 and is used to detect the proportion of shell fragments, kernel integrity, and kernel particle size distribution data of the material after primary shelling, and transmits the detection data to the central controller. The execution drive module is electrically connected to the gap adjustment component 6 and the grinding toothed disc 15 drive component 8, respectively, and is used to receive instructions from the central controller and drive the corresponding components to operate. The kernel state detection module includes a color image recognition sensor 16 and a laser particle size sensor 17, both of which are located in the upper middle part of the discharge pipe 7. The transmitting end and receiving end of the laser particle size sensor 17 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the discharge pipe 7, and the color image recognition sensor 16 is installed on the side wall of the discharge pipe 7, with its lens facing the central area inside the pipe. The kernel state detection module is used to detect the proportion of shell fragments, kernel integrity, and kernel particle size distribution data of the material after primary shelling, and transmits the detection data to the central controller.

[0028] The kernel state detection module (color image recognition sensor 16 + laser particle size sensor 17) is installed in the area above the near-end connection of the auxiliary pipe 11 inside the discharge pipe 7. This location is upstream of the negative pressure pre-removal process, where the material has just completed the first stage of shell breaking and entered the discharge pipe 7 without undergoing shell and chip separation. This location accurately and comprehensively reflects the original state of the material after shell breaking, avoiding distortion of detection data such as shell and chip ratio and kernel integrity caused by prior impurity removal. This provides precise control basis for the adjustment system and ensures the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the collected data. The color image recognition sensor 16 of the kernel state detection module identifies and counts the proportion of kernel fragments and the integrity of kernels by the color difference between kernel fragments and kernels; the laser particle size sensor 17 quickly detects the kernel particle size distribution and particle size difference data by using the principle of laser diffraction; both transmit the detection data to the central controller in real time. The central controller has a built-in data comparison algorithm that compares the real-time data with preset thresholds and outputs differentiated control commands to the execution drive module based on the comparison results; after receiving the commands, the execution drive module drives the gap adjustment component 6 to adjust the gap of the crushing roller 5 and drives the grinding toothed disc 15 drive component 8 to adjust the rotation speed of the grinding toothed disc 15, thereby realizing adaptive control of crushing and grinding parameters.

[0029] In another embodiment, the execution drive module includes a servo motor 18 mounted outside the crushing chamber 4. The gap adjustment assembly 6 includes a lead screw 19 and guide seats 20. There are two guide seats 20, which are symmetrically fixed on the two side walls of the crushing chamber 4. The lead screw 19 is mounted on the output end of the servo motor 18. One crushing roller 5 is connected to the crushing chamber 4 as the active roller and driven by the motor. The other crushing roller 5 is a driven roller, with its two ends extending outside the two sides of the crushing chamber 4 and slidably mounted on the two guide seats 20 through bearing seats 21. The bearing seats 21 are provided with threaded transmission seats 22, and the lead screw 19 is driven to the threaded transmission seats 22. The adjustment system drives the lead screw 19 to adjust the gap between the driven roller and the active roller by controlling the forward and reverse rotation and rotation angle of the servo motor 18.

[0030] When the central controller of the adjustment system determines that the gap of the crushing roller 5 needs to be adjusted based on the detection data of the shell state detection module, it will output an adjustment command to the servo motor 18 of the execution drive module. After receiving the command, the servo motor 18 drives the lead screw 19 at the output end to rotate. The lead screw 19 pushes or pulls the driven roller to slide linearly along the guide seat 20. Since the active roller is fixedly connected to the crushing chamber 4, the sliding of the driven roller will directly change the gap between it and the active roller. By controlling the rotation angle of the servo motor 18, for example, a precise gap adjustment within the range of 0.2-5mm can be achieved. When the gap needs to be reduced (when the shell is not sufficiently crushed), the servo motor 18 rotates forward to drive the lead screw 19 to push the driven roller closer to the active roller. When the gap needs to be increased (when the shell is over-crushed), the servo motor 18 rotates in reverse to drive the lead screw 19 to pull the driven roller away from the active roller.

[0031] It should be noted that the ends of the driving and driven crushing rollers 5 are driven by gear meshing. The center distance of the gears matches the maximum adjustment gap range of the two rollers (0.2-5mm). Sufficient gear meshing redundancy has been reserved in the design to ensure that the driven roller maintains a stable meshing state with the gear at the end of the driving roller within the full adjustment range of 0.2-5mm. The gap adjustment mechanism only drives the driven roller to slide linearly in a direction "parallel to the axis of the driving roller," without changing the axial position and angle of the driven roller. Therefore, it will not affect the meshing relationship between the end gear and the driving roller gear. Through the transmission of servo motor 18 and lead screw 19, fine adjustment of the crushing gap can be achieved with small adjustment error, ensuring the stability of the crushing effect. The adjustment response is fast, eliminating the need for manual adjustment. Combined with the closed-loop control of the adjustment system, it achieves intelligent operation.

[0032] In another embodiment, the grinding disc 15 drive assembly 8 includes a variable frequency motor 23 mounted on the outer wall of the grinding chamber 13 and a gear 24 meshing between two grinding discs 15; the output end of the variable frequency motor 23 is connected to one of the grinding discs 15. When the central controller of the adjustment system determines that the grinding speed needs to be adjusted based on the detection data of the kernel state detection module, it outputs a speed control command to the variable frequency motor 23; after receiving the command, the variable frequency motor 23 drives one of the grinding discs 15 connected to it to rotate through its output end; since there is a meshing gear 24 between the two grinding discs 15, the actively rotating grinding disc 15 will drive the other grinding disc 15 to rotate synchronously in the opposite direction through the meshing action of the gear 24, forming a counter-grinding motion state; through the speed adjustment of the variable frequency motor 23, the speed of the grinding disc 15 can be adjusted to precisely adapt to the grinding needs of kernels of different particle sizes.

[0033] This two-stage crushing equipment first removes the shell and then precisely crushes the kernel. Compared to the existing single-stage method of directly crushing whole seeds with a disc, it significantly improves oil quality and extraction efficiency, avoids shell debris contamination of the oil, and reduces the load on subsequent processing. This is because the outer shell of whole camellia seeds is hard and contains a large amount of fiber, tannins, and other impurities. If whole seeds are directly crushed with a disc, it will result in "shell and kernel mixed," with shell debris mixing with the crushed kernel fragments, making subsequent separation extremely difficult. This two-stage crushing equipment first uses a roller-type shelling mechanism 1 to initially separate the outer shell from the kernel, allowing only the kernel to enter the subsequent toothed grinding process. This prevents shell debris and impurities from contaminating the oil from the source, reducing the impurity content (such as coarse fiber) in the oil and improving its purity and flavor. The toothed grinding system precisely controls the particle size of the crushed kernels, adapting to the needs of oil extraction. Oil extraction has strict requirements on the particle size of the crushed kernels: if the particle size is too large, the oil will not be able to fully seep out during subsequent pressing and extraction processes, resulting in a low extraction rate; if the particle size is too small, it is prone to "gelatinization" (especially during high-temperature grinding), which will block the oil outlet channels during subsequent pressing and extraction processes, also reducing extraction efficiency and potentially causing oil oxidation. This equipment solves this problem by intelligently detecting and controlling the rotation speed of the grinding disc 15 driven by the variable frequency motor 23 according to the kernel condition, thus reasonably controlling the particle size of the crushed kernels to within the range of particle size variation coefficient ≤ 5%. Referring to the "Camellia Seed Oil" (GB / T 11765) and oil processing industry standards, the uniformity of kernel crushing is a key pretreatment indicator to ensure the consistency of oil quality. "Particle size variation coefficient ≤ 5%" is the optimal control value verified by long-term production practice, which can ensure the stability of oil quality across different batches of products.

[0034] It should be further explained that the rotational speed of the grinding disc 15 determines the grinding force and crushing rhythm, directly affecting the uniformity of the particle size output from the crushed kernels. For example, if the rotational speed is too high (>2000 r / min), the impact force of the grinding disc 15 on the kernels is too great, and the crushing frequency is too high, which can easily lead to over-crushing of the kernels and the production of a large amount of fine powder (particle size <0.5 mm). Conversely, if the rotational speed is too low (<500 r / min), the grinding force is insufficient, and the crushing frequency is low, so some larger kernels cannot be fully crushed, leaving coarse particles (particle size >2 mm), which also leads to uneven particle size distribution. The adjustment system can match the optimal rotational speed based on the "kernel particle size difference" data fed back by the kernel state detection module. If a kernel particle size difference >2 mm is detected, the rotational speed of the variable frequency motor 23 is increased by 10-15% to enhance the grinding force and crush coarse particles; if a high kernel breakage rate is detected, the rotational speed is reduced by 15-20%.

[0035] The camellia seed oil extraction process of the present invention includes the following steps: Step 1: Put the dried camellia seed raw material into the roller shelling mechanism 1 of the two-stage crushing equipment, start the roller shelling mechanism 1, and use the two crushing rollers 5 to rotate relative to each other to squeeze and crush the shell; so that the shelled and kernels enter the toothed grinding mechanism 2 for grinding. Step 2: The adjustment system uses sensors to detect in real time the proportion of shell fragments and the integrity of the kernels as the material enters the discharge pipe 7 after shelling. When the proportion of shell fragments is greater than 5%, the gap between the two crushing rollers 5 is reduced by the gap adjustment component 6 to ensure that the hard shells are fully broken. When the kernel breakage rate is greater than 3%, the gap between the two crushing rollers 5 is increased by the gap adjustment component 6 to prevent the kernel oil from being exposed and oxidized. Step 3: The grinding disc 15 of the toothed grinding mechanism 2 rotates to generate a strong vortex, which creates a negative pressure in the discharge pipe 7. The negative pressure drives the airflow to enter the discharge pipe 7 through the auxiliary pipe 11, which drives the broken material to slide down the pipe stably, avoiding material accumulation and blockage. Step 4: The system adjusts the rotation speed of the grinding disc 15 based on the kernel particle size difference data detected by the sensor. When the kernel particle size difference is >2mm, the air volume of the fan into the air inlet pipe 9 is increased to increase the swirling intensity in the toothed grinding mechanism 2, thereby achieving high-frequency grinding. Conversely, the air volume of the fan into the air inlet pipe 9 is decreased to reduce the swirling intensity in the toothed grinding mechanism 2, thereby achieving low-frequency grinding. Step 5: The ground material enters the vibrating screening equipment to screen out the seed kernel fragments with qualified particle size; the unqualified large seed kernels are returned to be re-ground. Step 6: The selected qualified seed kernel fragments are sent to the subsequent pressing and solvent extraction processes to complete the extraction of camellia seed oil.

[0036] The above orientation references do not represent the specific orientations of each component in this implementation scheme. This implementation scheme is only for the convenience of describing the scheme and to make relative descriptions based on the orientations of the references. In reality, the specific orientations of each component are based on their actual installation and use, as well as the orientation descriptions that are customary to those skilled in the art. This is hereby stated.

[0037] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the inventive purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In particular, it should be noted that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A camellia seed oil extraction process, characterized in that, Extraction is performed using a two-stage crushing device, which includes a roller crushing mechanism (1), a toothed grinding mechanism (2), an air separation mechanism (3), and an adjustment system. The roller crushing mechanism (1) includes a crushing chamber (4) and two crushing rollers (5) rotatably disposed within the crushing chamber (4). The discharge end of the crushing chamber (4) is connected to a discharge pipe (7). The roller crushing mechanism (1) is equipped with a gap adjustment component (6) for adjusting the gap between the crushing rollers (5). The feed end of the toothed grinding mechanism (2) is sealed and connected to the bottom end of the discharge pipe (7). The toothed grinding mechanism (2) is provided with a grinding toothed disc (15) that rotates relative to each other. The air separation mechanism (3) includes an air inlet pipe (9), a return pipe (10), an auxiliary pipe (11), and a waste discharge pipe (12). The near end of the air inlet pipe (9) is connected to the toothed grinding mechanism (2). The grinding chamber (13) of the auxiliary pipe (11) is sealed and connected to the body of the discharge pipe (7). The two ends of the return pipe (10) are respectively sealed and connected to the far end of the air inlet pipe (9) and the far end of the auxiliary pipe (11). The waste discharge pipe (12) is connected to the return pipe (10) to discharge the intercepted shell chips. The grinding tooth disc (15) rotates to generate a strong vortex. The strong vortex causes a negative pressure to be formed in the discharge pipe (7). The negative pressure drives the airflow through the auxiliary pipe (11) into the discharge pipe (7) to realize the negative pressure auxiliary conveying of the material in the discharge pipe (7). The adjustment system is electrically connected to the gap adjustment component (6) and the drive component (8) of the grinding tooth disc (15) respectively. It is used to adjust the crushing and grinding parameters such as the gap of the crushing roller (5) and the rotation speed of the grinding tooth disc (15) according to the shell breaking state of the material in the discharge pipe (7). The camellia seed oil extraction process includes the following steps: Step 1: Put the dried camellia seed raw material into the roller shelling mechanism (1) of the two-stage crushing equipment, start the roller shelling mechanism (1), and use the two crushing rollers (5) to rotate relative to each other to squeeze and crush the shell; so that the shelled and kernels enter the toothed grinding mechanism (2) for grinding; Step 2: The adjustment system uses sensors to detect in real time the proportion of shell fragments and the integrity of the kernels as the material enters the discharge pipe (7) after shelling. When the proportion of shell fragments is detected to be >5%, the gap between the two crushing rollers (5) is reduced by the gap adjustment component (6) to ensure that the hard shells are fully broken. When the kernel breakage rate is detected to be >3%, the gap between the two crushing rollers (5) is increased by the gap adjustment component (6) to prevent the kernel oil from being exposed and oxidized. Step 3: The grinding disc (15) of the toothed grinding mechanism (2) rotates to generate a strong vortex, which creates a negative pressure in the discharge pipe (7); the negative pressure drives the airflow through the auxiliary pipe (11) into the discharge pipe (7), which drives the broken material to slide down the pipe steadily, avoiding material accumulation and blockage. Step 4: The system adjusts the rotation speed of the grinding disc (15) based on the kernel particle size difference data detected by the sensor. When the kernel particle size difference is >2mm, the air volume of the fan into the air inlet pipe (9) is increased, which increases the swirling intensity in the toothed grinding mechanism (2) and realizes high-frequency grinding. Conversely, the air volume of the fan into the air inlet pipe (9) is decreased, which reduces the swirling intensity in the toothed grinding mechanism (2) and realizes low-frequency grinding. Step 5: The ground material enters the vibrating screening equipment to screen out the seed kernel fragments with qualified particle size; the unqualified large seed kernels are returned to be re-ground. Step 6: The selected qualified seed kernel fragments are sent to the subsequent pressing and solvent extraction processes to complete the extraction of camellia seed oil.

2. The camellia seed oil extraction process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The discharge pipe (7) has a spiral guide plate (14) on its wall along its height direction.

3. The camellia seed oil extraction process according to claim 2, characterized in that, The toothed grinding mechanism (2) includes a grinding chamber (13) and a grinding toothed disc (15). There are two grinding toothed discs (15), which are connected in the grinding chamber (13). The two grinding toothed discs (15) mesh with each other, and the meshing area corresponds to the bottom side of the discharge pipe (7).

4. The camellia seed oil extraction process according to claim 3, characterized in that, The auxiliary pipe (11) is inclined, with its proximal end inclined downward and connected to the discharge pipe (7), and its distal end inclined upward and connected to the return pipe (10).

5. The camellia seed oil extraction process according to claim 4, characterized in that, The adjustment system includes a central controller, a kernel state detection module, and an execution drive module. The kernel state detection module is located inside the discharge pipe (7) and is used to detect the proportion of shell fragments, kernel integrity, and kernel particle size distribution of the material after primary shell breaking, and transmit the detection data to the central controller. The execution drive module is electrically connected to the gap adjustment component (6) and the drive component (8) of the grinding toothed disc (15), respectively, and is used to receive instructions from the central controller and drive the corresponding components to operate.

6. The camellia seed oil extraction process according to claim 5, characterized in that, The kernel state detection module includes a color image recognition sensor (16) and a laser particle size sensor (17), both of which are located in the upper middle part of the discharge pipe (7). The transmitting end and receiving end of the laser particle size sensor (17) are symmetrically installed on both sides of the discharge pipe (7), and the color image recognition sensor (16) is installed on the side wall of the discharge pipe (7), with its lens facing the central area inside the pipe. The kernel state detection module is used to detect the proportion of shell fragments, kernel integrity and kernel particle size distribution data of the material after primary shell breaking, and transmit the detection data to the central controller.

7. The camellia seed oil extraction process according to claim 6, characterized in that, The execution drive module includes a servo motor (18) installed outside the crushing chamber (4). The gap adjustment assembly (6) includes a lead screw (19) and guide seats (20). There are two guide seats (20), which are symmetrically fixed on the two side walls of the crushing chamber (4). The lead screw (19) is installed on the output end of the servo motor (18). One crushing roller (5) is connected to the crushing chamber (4) as the active roller and driven by the motor. The other crushing roller (5) is a driven roller, with its two ends extending outside the two sides of the crushing chamber (4) and slidably installed on the two guide seats (20) through bearing seats (21). The bearing seats (21) are provided with threaded transmission seats (22). The lead screw (19) is connected to the threaded transmission seats (22). The adjustment system drives the lead screw (19) to adjust the gap between the driven roller and the active roller by controlling the forward and reverse rotation and rotation angle of the servo motor (18).

8. The camellia seed oil extraction process according to claim 7, characterized in that, The drive assembly (8) includes a variable frequency motor (23) mounted on the outer wall of the grinding chamber (13) and a gear (24) meshing between the two grinding discs (15); the output end of the variable frequency motor (23) is connected to one of the grinding discs (15).

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