Hazardous waste pretreatment device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of waste treatment, and particularly discloses a hazardous waste pretreatment device which comprises a treatment barrel horizontally and transversely placed. The barrel cover is coaxially arranged in the treatment barrel at intervals; the fan-shaped rotating blocks are circumferentially distributed along the axis of the barrel cover and are arranged in the barrel cover; the connecting discs are symmetrically arranged at the two ends of all the fan-shaped rotating blocks; the servo motor is arranged outside one end of the treatment barrel; the reciprocating ventilation protection mechanism is arranged in an inner space defined by all the fan-shaped rotating blocks; and the air supply shaft pipe penetrates through the other end of the treatment barrel and is connected with the reciprocating ventilation protection mechanism. Aluminum ash materials are driven to rotate centrifugally at a high speed and collide with the impact wall with screening and ball-milling structures at the same time, and brittle nonmetal powder is screened and discharged immediately while metal aluminum is extended and flattened, so that the problem of mechanical inlaying is avoided, and the service life of the aluminum ash materials is prolonged. And meanwhile, the inert gas protection mechanism linked with the rotating motion performs gas protection on the impact area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of waste treatment technology, specifically referring to a hazardous waste pretreatment device. Background Technology

[0002] Aluminum ash is an inevitable byproduct of the smelting process in the electrolytic aluminum, recycled aluminum, and aluminum processing industries. Its composition is complex, typically containing metallic aluminum, alumina, aluminum nitride, aluminum carbide, and fluxing agents such as chloride and fluoride salts. Because the aluminum nitride and aluminum carbide in aluminum ash react with water, releasing toxic and flammable gases such as ammonia and methane, it poses a serious threat to the environment and human safety. Therefore, aluminum ash has been listed in the "National Hazardous Waste List" and must undergo harmless treatment and resource utilization. At the same time, aluminum ash contains a considerable amount of high-value-added metallic aluminum, which needs to be effectively recycled.

[0003] Currently, the main methods for resource recovery of aluminum ash are pyrometallurgical, wet, and cold treatment methods. Among them, cold treatment recovery has become the mainstream research and application direction due to its advantages such as low energy consumption, no secondary pollution, and relatively simple process flow. The core principle of this method is to utilize the difference in physical properties between the good ductility of metallic aluminum and the brittleness of alumina in aluminum ash. The aluminum ash is placed in impact grinding equipment such as ball mills, and through the impact and grinding action of grinding media (such as steel balls), the ductile metallic aluminum is rolled and flattened into flakes or cakes, while the brittle non-metallic components such as alumina are crushed into fine powder. Subsequently, the metallic aluminum is recovered through a screening device. However, the cold treatment method still has the following technical defects that are difficult to overcome in practical applications: Existing processing methods typically involve using a separate ball mill to stretch and flatten aluminum ash. After this process, the material needs to be transported via a transfer device to another separate screening device for separation. This step-by-step operation mode of "stretching first, then screening" not only increases the intermediate transfer links of the material and prolongs the overall processing cycle, but also requires multiple sets of independent equipment, resulting in a large footprint, high equipment investment costs, and high operating energy consumption for the entire system.

[0004] Under the high-intensity impact and grinding action of the ball mill, the crushed, sharp-edged alumina and other hard and brittle powders will be forcibly embedded and compacted onto the relatively soft surface of the aluminum sheet under the subsequent continuous mechanical force, forming a coating layer that is difficult to peel off. As a result, a large amount of non-metallic powder is separated along with the aluminum sheet in the subsequent screening process, which seriously affects the purity of the recovered aluminum.

[0005] During prolonged high-load operation, the intense friction and impact between the grinding media and the material, and between the material and the cylinder wall, generate a large amount of heat, causing a rapid rise in the temperature inside the cylinder. The newly exposed, highly chemically active aluminum surface undergoes a rapid oxidation reaction with oxygen in the presence of air and at high temperature, forming a new aluminum oxide layer. This newly formed aluminum oxide is then peeled off and broken down by mechanical force, exposing new aluminum surfaces. This cycle repeats itself, creating a vicious cycle that significantly depletes valuable aluminum resources. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In response to the above situation, the present invention provides a hazardous waste pretreatment device. By driving aluminum ash material to rotate at high speed and colliding with an impact wall that has both screening and ball milling structures, the device can stretch and flatten the aluminum metal while simultaneously screening and discharging brittle non-metallic powder, thus avoiding mechanical embedding problems. At the same time, an inert gas protection mechanism linked to the rotational motion provides gas protection to the impact area, effectively suppressing the high-temperature oxidation of the aluminum metal.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The present invention proposes a hazardous waste pretreatment device, including a horizontally placed treatment cylinder, a cylinder cover coaxially spaced inside the treatment cylinder, a plurality of fan-shaped rotating blocks circumferentially distributed along the axis of the cylinder cover and disposed inside the cylinder cover, a connecting plate symmetrically disposed at both ends of all the fan-shaped rotating blocks, a servo motor disposed outside one end of the treatment cylinder, a reciprocating air exchange protection mechanism disposed in the internal space enclosed by all the fan-shaped rotating blocks, and an air supply shaft pipe passing through the other end of the treatment cylinder and connected to the reciprocating air exchange protection mechanism.

[0008] Furthermore, the cylindrical wall of the shroud is provided with a plurality of inwardly protruding hollow hemispheres, and the surface of the hollow hemispheres is provided with a plurality of through holes for sieving non-metallic powders.

[0009] Furthermore, the arc-shaped outer wall of all the fan-shaped rotating blocks is in close sliding contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical cover. The arc-shaped outer wall of the fan-shaped rotating blocks is provided with semi-circular arc grooves along its length direction, which are adapted to the protruding structure of the hollow hemisphere, thus avoiding motion interference.

[0010] Furthermore, the output end of the servo motor passes through the processing cylinder and is coaxially and fixedly connected to one of the connecting disks.

[0011] Furthermore, the length of the shroud is the same as the length of the processing cylinder wall. The upper and lower parts of the processing cylinder wall are respectively hinged with a feeding shell and a discharging shell. The upper and lower parts of the shroud wall are respectively hinged with a feeding arc plate and a discharging arc plate. Both ends of the processing cylinder wall are obliquely and tangentially connected to a vortex air inlet pipe and a vortex air outlet pipe. The shroud is fixedly connected to the processing cylinder by multiple fixing rods.

[0012] Furthermore, the connecting disc connects all the fan-shaped rotating blocks into a whole on the end face of the fan-shaped rotating blocks; the end face of the fan-shaped rotating block is coplanar with the outer side of the corresponding connecting disc and slides tightly against the inner wall of the end of the processing cylinder; the adjacent straight faces of any two adjacent fan-shaped rotating blocks are parallel to each other and form a rectangular space for placing materials.

[0013] Furthermore, the reciprocating air exchange protection mechanism includes multiple fixed discs, multiple eccentric shafts, multiple connecting rods, and multiple partitions; one fixed disc is fixed to one end of the air supply shaft tube, and the remaining fixed discs are arranged in an array along the axial direction of the air supply shaft tube; adjacent fixed discs are fixedly connected by eccentrically arranged eccentric shafts, and the partitions slide between adjacent sector-shaped rotating blocks in a one-to-one correspondence; one end of each connecting rod is rotatably connected to the corresponding eccentric shaft, and the other end is rotatably connected to the corresponding partition.

[0014] Furthermore, an air supply port is provided on the air supply shaft pipe, and the air supply port faces the inner space surrounded by the partition and the fan-shaped rotating block. Each partition is evenly distributed with multiple one-way air valves, and the one-way flow direction of the one-way air valves is from the inner space of the partition to the outer space of the partition.

[0015] Furthermore, the projections of all eccentric shafts onto the plane perpendicular to the air supply shaft are arranged in a circular array; when the servo motor drives the fan-shaped rotating blocks to rotate around the axis of the cylinder cover, the connecting rod, under the constraint of the fixed eccentric shaft, drives the partition to slide back and forth between adjacent fan-shaped rotating blocks.

[0016] Furthermore, the hollow hemispheres are arranged in a circumferential array along the axis of the cylindrical cover, and in a linear array along the length of the cylindrical cover.

[0017] Furthermore, the gas supply shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected to the processing cylinder and provides inert gas; the gas supply shaft passes through the corresponding connecting plate so that the connecting plate can rotate around the gas supply shaft.

[0018] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention using the above structure are as follows: (1) This invention integrates a hollow hemisphere with impact grinding function and a through hole with screening function into a fixed inner wall of a cylinder, and drives a fan-shaped rotating block driven by a servo motor to rotate aluminum ash material at high speed to impact the cylinder, achieving the effect of a ball mill. It also realizes the simultaneous and local completion of the stretching and flattening of metallic aluminum and the crushing and screening of brittle non-metallic powder. This integrated design overturns the step-by-step processing mode in the existing technology, eliminates the intermediate material transfer link, significantly shortens the processing cycle, and greatly reduces the equipment footprint and investment cost.

[0019] (2) The structure of the present invention ensures that the brittle powder that is crushed can be discharged immediately through the through hole on the hollow hemisphere under the action of centrifugal force after it is generated, and enter the annular channel between the processing cylinder and the cylinder cover. It is then immediately carried away and collected by the vortex generated by the vortex inlet pipe and the vortex outlet pipe. This "immediate separation and immediate discharge" mechanism makes the contact time between the powder and the stretched aluminum sheet extremely short, which greatly reduces the possibility that the brittle powder will be forcibly embedded and compacted onto the surface of the aluminum under the action of continuous mechanical force, thereby greatly improving the purity of the recycled aluminum.

[0020] (3) The present invention cleverly designs a reciprocating air exchange protection mechanism linked with the main drive. When the servo motor drives the fan-shaped rotating block to rotate, it generates relative motion with the fixed eccentric shaft. The connecting rod drives the partition to slide back and forth in the processing chamber. This reciprocating motion forms gas exchange. The inert gas provided by the air supply shaft pipe is continuously and actively sent into the material processing area through the one-way air valve. The highly active aluminum metal surface newly exposed due to the impact is covered and protected in real time, which effectively inhibits the high-temperature oxidation reaction and avoids the loss of valuable metal resources. The entire protection process only relies on the main drive and does not require an additional power source. The structure is simple and the energy consumption is low.

[0021] (4) When the reciprocating air exchange protection mechanism is running, the outward movement of the baffle will compress the inert gas in the processing chamber, which not only strengthens the protective atmosphere, but also forms a thrust, which can actively push the suspended or slightly attached fine powder to and through the through hole, further accelerating the powder discharge efficiency, helping to solve the embedding problem, and effectively preventing the powder from accumulating and clogging at the through hole, ensuring the long-term stable and efficient operation of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a first three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a hazardous waste pretreatment device proposed in this invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a second three-dimensional structural diagram of a hazardous waste pretreatment device proposed in this invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure of a hazardous waste pretreatment device proposed in this invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal second three-dimensional structure of a hazardous waste pretreatment device proposed in this invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the shroud and the fan-shaped rotating block of a hazardous waste pretreatment device proposed in this invention.

[0027] Figure 6 for Figure 3Enlarged view of section A in the middle.

[0028] Figure 7 This is an exploded structural diagram showing the positional relationship between the shroud and the fan-shaped rotating block of a hazardous waste pretreatment device proposed in this invention.

[0029] Figure 8 This is an exploded structural diagram showing the positional relationship between the fan-shaped rotating block and the reciprocating air exchange protection mechanism of a hazardous waste pretreatment device proposed in this invention.

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the fixed disk and the eccentric shaft of a hazardous waste pretreatment device proposed in this invention.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the operating trajectory of the reciprocating air exchange protection mechanism of a hazardous waste pretreatment device proposed in this invention.

[0032] Among them, 1. Processing cylinder, 11. Feeding shell, 12. Discharging shell, 13. Vortex air inlet pipe, 14. Vortex air outlet pipe, 2. Cylinder cover, 21. Hollow hemisphere, 22. Through hole, 23. Feeding arc plate, 24. Discharging arc plate, 25. Fixed rod, 3. Fan-shaped rotating block, 31. Semi-circular arc groove, 4. Connecting plate, 5. Servo motor, 6. Reciprocating air exchange protection mechanism, 61. Fixed plate, 62. Eccentric shaft, 63. Connecting rod, 64. Partition plate, 65. One-way air valve, 7. Air supply shaft pipe, 71. Air supply port.

[0033] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0036] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, this invention proposes a hazardous waste pretreatment device. The main body of the device is a horizontally placed treatment cylinder 1. Inside the treatment cylinder 1, a cylinder cover 2 is coaxially fixed. The length of the cylinder cover 2 is the same as the length of the cylinder wall of the treatment cylinder 1, and it is firmly connected to the inner wall of the treatment cylinder 1 by multiple fixing rods 25, thereby forming an annular powder collection and discharge channel between the treatment cylinder 1 and the cylinder cover 2. The upper and lower parts of the cylinder wall of the treatment cylinder 1 are respectively hinged with a feeding shell 11 and a discharging shell 12 for loading and unloading materials. Correspondingly, the upper and lower parts of the cylinder wall of the cylinder cover 2 are respectively hinged with a feeding arc plate 23 and a discharging arc plate 24, which cooperate with the feeding shell 11 and the discharging shell 12 to form a material inlet and outlet channel. In order to carry away the separated powder in a timely and efficient manner, both ends of the cylinder wall of the treatment cylinder 1 are obliquely and tangentially connected to a vortex air inlet pipe 13 and a vortex air outlet pipe 14. This structure can form a spiral vortex in the above-mentioned annular channel, effectively carrying out the dust.

[0037] The cylinder wall of the shroud 2 is provided with multiple inwardly protruding hollow hemispheres 21. These hollow hemispheres 21 are both the working surface of the impact grinding and part of the screening structure. Specifically, the hollow hemispheres 21 are arranged in a circumferential array along the axis of the shroud 2 and in a linear array along the length of the shroud 2 to form a uniform impact screening matrix. Each hollow hemisphere 21 has multiple through holes 22 on its surface to allow the crushed brittle non-metallic powder to pass through and enter the annular channel between the processing cylinder 1 and the shroud 2.

[0038] Inside the cylindrical cover 2, a rotatable material handling assembly is coaxially arranged. This assembly includes multiple fan-shaped rotating blocks 3 distributed circumferentially along the axis of the cylindrical cover 2. The arc-shaped outer wall of all the fan-shaped rotating blocks 3 is in close sliding fit with the inner wall of the cylindrical cover 2. In order not to interfere with the hollow hemisphere 21 during rotation, semi-circular arc grooves 31 that are adapted to the protruding structure of the hollow hemisphere 21 are arranged along the length direction on the arc-shaped outer wall of each fan-shaped rotating block 3. The adjacent straight surfaces of any two adjacent fan-shaped rotating blocks 3 are parallel to each other, and they form a rectangular space for accommodating and handling aluminum ash material, i.e., a processing cavity.

[0039] In order to integrate all the sector-shaped rotating blocks 3 into a single rotor structure, the device also includes connecting disks 4 symmetrically arranged at both ends of all the sector-shaped rotating blocks 3. The connecting disks 4 connect all the sector-shaped rotating blocks 3 into a rigid whole on the end face of the sector-shaped rotating blocks 3. To ensure sealing, the end face of the sector-shaped rotating block 3 is coplanar with the outer surface of the corresponding connecting disk 4, and this coplanar structure slides and fits tightly against the inner wall of the end of the processing cylinder 1.

[0040] The driving force of the device is provided by a servo motor 5 located outside one end of the processing cylinder 1. The output end of the servo motor 5 passes through the end wall of the processing cylinder 1 and is coaxially fixedly connected to one of the connecting disks 4, thereby driving the entire rotor structure composed of the fan-shaped rotating block 3 and the connecting disk 4 to rotate at high speed.

[0041] One of the key innovations of this invention is the inert gas protection system linked to the rotational motion. This system includes a gas supply shaft pipe 7 that passes through the other end of the processing cylinder 1 and extends into the internal space of the rotor structure, and a reciprocating gas exchange protection mechanism 6 located inside the rotor structure.

[0042] The gas supply shaft pipe 7 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the processing cylinder 1, so it does not rotate when the equipment is working. The gas supply shaft pipe 7 passes through the connecting plate 4 at this end, so that the connecting plate 4 can rotate around the fixed gas supply shaft pipe 7, which plays the role of rotational support. The gas supply shaft pipe 7 is used to provide inert gas (such as atmospheric pressure nitrogen). A gas supply port 71 is opened on its pipe wall, which faces the inner space surrounded by the partition plate 64 and the fan-shaped rotating block 3.

[0043] The reciprocating air exchange protection mechanism 6 cleverly utilizes the relative motion of rotation to achieve gas exchange. The mechanism includes multiple fixed disks 61, multiple eccentric shafts 62, multiple connecting rods 63, and multiple partitions 64. One fixed disk 61 is fixed to one end of the air supply shaft pipe 7, and the remaining fixed disks 61 are arranged in an array along the axial direction of the air supply shaft pipe 7. They are fixedly connected to each other as a whole by eccentrically arranged eccentric shafts 62. Since the fixed disks 61 are connected to the non-rotating air supply shaft pipe 7, the entire component composed of fixed disks 61 and eccentric shafts 62 is stationary. The projections of all eccentric shafts 62 on the plane perpendicular to the air supply shaft pipe 7 are distributed in a circular array.

[0044] The partitions 64 slide one-to-one within the rectangular space formed between adjacent fan-shaped rotating blocks 3, with their two ends tightly attached to the inner walls of both ends of the processing cylinder 1, dividing each processing chamber into an inner space near the center and an outer space for containing aluminum ash. One end of each connecting rod 63 is rotatably connected to the corresponding stationary eccentric shaft 62, and the other end is rotatably connected to the corresponding sliding partition 64. Each partition 64 is evenly distributed with multiple one-way air valves 65. The one-way flow direction of the one-way air valves 65 is from the inner space of the partition 64 to the outer space of the partition 64, that is, allowing gas to flow from the center to the outer periphery.

[0045] The specific work process is as follows: Feeding stage: First, the servo motor 5 controls the rotation, causing one of the processing chambers formed by the adjacent fan-shaped rotating blocks 3 and the outer side of the partition 64 to rotate to a vertically upward position. At this time, due to the linkage between the eccentric shaft 62, the connecting rod 63 and the partition 64, and through the pre-set structure of the device, the partition 64 at this position can be driven to the outermost side of its sliding stroke, so that the volume of the processing chamber reaches the minimum. Then, the feeding shell 11 and the feeding arc plate 23 are opened, and a certain amount of aluminum ash material is put into the processing chamber. Since the amount put in is less than the processing chamber space volume when the partition 64 is at the outermost side, sufficient space safety can be ensured, and the partition 64 will not squeeze the material during subsequent sliding. The servo motor 5 is controlled to continue rotating, and the next processing chamber is rotated to the feeding position. The operation is repeated until all processing chambers are filled. The feeding shell 11 and the feeding arc plate 23 are closed and locked.

[0046] Processing stage: The servo motor 5 is started and runs continuously, driving the rotor composed of the fan-shaped rotating block 3 and the connecting disk 4 to rotate at high speed. Under the action of huge centrifugal force, the aluminum ash material in the processing chamber is thrown towards and impacts the hollow hemisphere 21 on the inner wall of the cylinder shroud 2 at high speed. Under this impact and grinding action, the ductile metallic aluminum is rolled and flattened into sheets, while the brittle non-metallic components such as alumina are instantly crushed into fine powder. These powders are immediately screened out through the through holes 22 on the hollow hemisphere 21 and enter the annular channel between the processing cylinder 1 and the cylinder shroud 2. At the same time, the vortex air inlet pipe 13 and the vortex air outlet pipe 14 are started, forming a high-speed rotating vortex in the annular channel, which immediately and continuously carries the separated powder out of the device for collection.

[0047] Inert gas protection stage: While the rotor rotates at high speed, the reciprocating gas exchange protection mechanism 6 operates automatically. Because the sector-shaped rotating blocks 3 rotate around their axis while the eccentric shaft 62 remains stationary, this relative motion is transmitted through the connecting rod 63, driving the partition 64 to reciprocate radially between adjacent sector-shaped rotating blocks 3. When the partition 64 slides inward (closer to the air supply shaft pipe 7), the volume of its outer processing chamber increases, creating a negative pressure. At this time, the one-way valve 65 on the partition 64 automatically opens, and the inert gas supplied by the air supply shaft pipe 7 rapidly flows from... The inner space is supplemented into the outer processing chamber, effectively protecting the newly exposed, highly chemically active aluminum surface and inhibiting its high-temperature oxidation. When the partition 64 slides outward, the volume of the outer processing chamber decreases, the gas inside the chamber is compressed, and the one-way valve 65 is closed under pressure. The compressed inert gas further enhances the protection of the aluminum and also plays a role in pneumatic cleaning, which helps to blow away fine powders adhering to the material surface or about to block the through hole 22 in time, ensuring the smooth flow of the screening channel.

[0048] Unloading stage: After processing is completed, stop the servo motor 5, open the unloading shell 12 and the unloading arc plate 24, and rotate each processing chamber to the vertical downward position in sequence. At this time, the pure sheet metal aluminum is discharged under the action of gravity until all the finished materials in the processing chambers are unloaded.

[0049] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0050] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.

[0051] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hazardous waste pretreatment device, comprising a horizontally placed treatment cylinder (1), characterized in that: It also includes a cylinder cover (2) coaxially spaced inside the processing cylinder (1), multiple fan-shaped rotating blocks (3) circumferentially distributed along the axis of the cylinder cover (2) and located inside the cylinder cover (2), a connecting plate (4) symmetrically located at both ends of all the fan-shaped rotating blocks (3), a servo motor (5) located outside one end of the processing cylinder (1), a reciprocating air exchange protection mechanism (6) located in the internal space enclosed by all the fan-shaped rotating blocks (3), and an air supply shaft pipe (7) passing through the other end of the processing cylinder (1) and connected to the reciprocating air exchange protection mechanism (6). The cylindrical wall of the cover (2) is provided with a plurality of hollow hemispheres (21) that protrude inward, and a plurality of through holes (22) are provided on the surface of the hollow hemispheres (21). All the arc-shaped outer walls of the fan-shaped rotating blocks (3) are in close sliding fit with the inner wall of the cylindrical cover (2). The arc-shaped outer walls of the fan-shaped rotating blocks (3) are provided with semi-circular arc grooves (31) that are adapted to the protruding structure of the hollow hemisphere (21) along their length direction. The output end of the servo motor (5) passes through the processing cylinder (1) and is coaxially fixedly connected to one of the connecting disks (4).

2. The hazardous waste pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the shroud (2) is the same as the length of the wall of the processing cylinder (1). The upper and lower parts of the wall of the processing cylinder (1) are respectively hinged with a feeding shell (11) and a discharging shell (12). The upper and lower parts of the wall of the shroud (2) are respectively hinged with a feeding arc plate (23) and a discharging arc plate (24). Both ends of the wall of the processing cylinder (1) are obliquely and tangentially connected with a vortex air inlet pipe (13) and a vortex air outlet pipe (14). The shroud (2) is fixedly connected to the processing cylinder (1) by multiple fixing rods (25).

3. The hazardous waste pretreatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting disk (4) connects all the fan-shaped rotating blocks (3) into a whole on the end face of the fan-shaped rotating block (3); the end face of the fan-shaped rotating block (3) is coplanar with the outer side of the corresponding connecting disk (4) and slides tightly against the inner wall of the end of the processing cylinder (1); the adjacent straight faces of any two adjacent fan-shaped rotating blocks (3) are parallel to each other and form a rectangular space.

4. The hazardous waste pretreatment device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The reciprocating air exchange protection mechanism (6) includes multiple fixed discs (61), multiple eccentric shafts (62), multiple connecting rods (63), and multiple partitions (64); one of the fixed discs (61) is fixed to one end of the air supply shaft tube (7), and the other fixed discs (61) are arranged in an array along the axial direction of the air supply shaft tube (7); adjacent fixed discs (61) are fixedly connected by eccentrically arranged eccentric shafts (62), and the partitions (64) slide between adjacent sector rotating blocks (3) in a corresponding manner; one end of each connecting rod (63) is rotatably connected to the corresponding eccentric shaft (62), and the other end is rotatably connected to the corresponding partition (64).

5. A hazardous waste pretreatment device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The air supply shaft (7) is provided with an air supply port (71), which faces the inner space enclosed by the partition (64) and the fan-shaped rotating block (3). Each partition (64) is provided with multiple one-way air valves (65), and the one-way flow direction of the one-way air valves (65) is from the inner space of the partition (64) to the outer space of the partition (64).

6. A hazardous waste pretreatment device according to claim 5, characterized in that: All the eccentric shafts (62) are distributed in a circular array on the plane perpendicular to the air supply shaft tube (7); when the servo motor (5) drives the fan-shaped rotating block (3) to rotate around the axis of the cylinder cover (2), the connecting rod (63) drives the partition (64) to slide back and forth between adjacent fan-shaped rotating blocks (3) under the constraint of the fixed eccentric shaft (62).

7. A hazardous waste pretreatment device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The hollow hemispheres (21) are arranged in a circular array along the axis of the cylindrical cover (2) and in a linear array along the length of the cylindrical cover (2).

8. A hazardous waste pretreatment device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The gas supply shaft (7) is coaxially fixedly connected to the processing cylinder (1) and provides inert gas; the gas supply shaft (7) passes through the corresponding connecting plate (4) so ​​that the connecting plate (4) can rotate around the gas supply shaft (7).

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