Hole-free deoxidation welding equipment based on double-high-pulse laser technology and method of hole-free deoxidation welding equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to hole-free deoxidation welding equipment based on a double-high-pulse laser technology, which comprises a photoelectric detector, a monitoring controller, a mechanical arm, a focusing lens and a double-high-pulse laser. The photoelectric detector is used for monitoring the welding seam condition of the welding material; the monitoring controller is connected with the photoelectric detector and used for receiving and displaying the welding condition detected by the photoelectric detector. The mechanical arm and the focusing lens are both connected with the monitoring controller; the mechanical arm is provided with double high-pulse lasers, and the welding position is accurately controlled; the focusing lens is used for focusing light beams generated by the double-high-pulse laser to a welding area and adjusting the shape and size of the light beams. According to the method, the double high-pulse solid laser sources (high average power and high peak power) are adopted, the high peak power can be firstly used for removing an oxide layer, then the average power is used for completing welding work, the oxide layer can be thoroughly removed, deep penetration welding is formed, no hole is generated, and the welding quality stability is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of welding technology, and more specifically to a non-porous deoxidation welding equipment and method based on dual high-pulse laser technology. Background Technology

[0002] The deep fusion welding technology for large-size thick plates (thickness ≥ 20mm) is in urgent demand in many fields and plays an important role in the development and production of many key products in many fields such as aerospace, shipbuilding, nuclear power and advanced equipment.

[0003] As equipment in fields such as aerospace, shipbuilding, and advanced technology becomes increasingly larger, more complex, lighter, and more structurally integrated, the application of materials such as aluminum alloys and titanium alloys in key components of large-scale thick and ultra-thick plate structures is becoming more and more widespread. However, aluminum and titanium alloys are prone to forming oxide layers on their surfaces, and the melting point of these oxide layers is much higher than that of the welding materials themselves (the melting point of aluminum is 660°C, while the melting point of its oxide layer is as high as 2054°C). However, current laser welding equipment is all continuous wave laser welding equipment, with a fixed power during the welding process. This leads to an inconsistency in the temperature gradient between the oxide layer and the weld material, making the weld material prone to porosity and defects. Because the oxide layer and the weld material have different melting points, and the continuous wave laser equipment has a fixed power, using high power will produce porosity, while using low power will not remove the oxide layer. It is impossible to simultaneously remove the oxide layer and weld the weld material, and deep penetration welding cannot be achieved. Usually, a high-power equipment is used first to remove the oxide layer before welding the weld material, but this process will generate a new oxide layer. Due to the continuous beam output, the main laser constantly interferes with the monitoring system during the welding process, making real-time monitoring impossible. Therefore, continuous laser welding equipment has problems such as easy formation of porosity, inability to achieve deep penetration welding, incomplete oxide layer removal, and difficulty in real-time welding processes.

[0004] To ensure the application of laser welding technology in the welding process of medium and thick plates, it is urgent to design a non-porous deoxidation welding equipment and method based on dual high-pulse laser technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and propose a non-porous deoxidation welding equipment and method based on dual high-pulse laser technology. This equipment can completely remove the oxide layer and form deep penetration welds without causing inconsistent temperature gradients that could lead to pores. It can also monitor the welding process in real time.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: A non-porous oxidation removal welding equipment based on dual high-pulse laser technology includes: A photoelectric detector is used to monitor the weld condition of welding materials. It can be placed on one side of the welding material or in other positions that are conducive to monitoring the welding process. The monitoring controller, connected to the photodetector, is used to receive and display the welding status detected by the photodetector. The robotic arm and the focusing lens are both connected to a monitoring controller. The monitoring controller controls the adjustment of the robotic arm and the focusing lens to ensure normal operation. The robotic arm is used to install a dual high-pulse laser and precisely control the welding position. The focusing lens is located between the robotic arm and the welding material and is used to focus the beam generated by the dual high-pulse laser onto the welding area and adjust the shape and size of the beam to meet different welding requirements.

[0007] Furthermore, the dual high-pulse laser can be a dual high-pulse slab structure laser, a dual high-pulse rod structure laser, or a dual high-pulse thin-film structure laser.

[0008] Furthermore, the dual high-pulse slab laser includes a total reflection mirror, a high-power LD array a, an output mirror, a q-switching device, a slab crystal, and a high-power LD array b. The total reflection mirror and the output mirror form a resonant cavity, allowing the laser to oscillate and amplify within the cavity before being output from the output mirror. Both the high-power LD array a and the high-power LD array b are used to pump the slab crystal. The q-switching device is used to adjust the pulse duration of the output laser and can adjust the ratio of peak pulses to long pulses according to welding requirements. The slab crystal serves as the gain medium for the laser.

[0009] Furthermore, the dual high-pulse rod-shaped laser includes a total reflection mirror, a high-power LD array a, an output mirror, a q-switching device, a rod-shaped crystal, and a high-power LD array b. The total reflection mirror and the output mirror form a resonant cavity, allowing the laser to oscillate and amplify within the cavity before being output from the output mirror. Both the high-power LD array a and the high-power LD array b are used to pump the rod-shaped crystal. The q-switching device is used to adjust the pulse duration of the output laser and can adjust the ratio of spike pulses to long pulses according to welding requirements.

[0010] Furthermore, the dual high-pulse thin-film structure laser includes an output mirror, a Q-switching device, a thin-film crystal, and a base; the thin-film crystal is mounted on the base; the output mirror and the thin-film crystal form a resonant cavity, in which the laser oscillates and amplifies, and is output from the output mirror; the Q-switching device is used to adjust the pulse duration of the output laser, and can adjust the ratio of peak pulses and long pulses according to welding requirements.

[0011] This invention also provides another technical solution: A non-porous deoxidation welding method based on dual high-pulse laser technology, implemented using the aforementioned non-porous deoxidation welding equipment; the method is as follows: First, a dual high-pulse laser with high peak power is used to remove the oxide layer of the welding material; The welding process is then completed by using a dual high-pulse laser with an average power matching the welding material's requirements. This method can thoroughly remove the oxide layer and form a deep penetration weld without causing voids due to inconsistent temperature gradients.

[0012] Furthermore, the welding process utilizes the gap between the two sets of laser pulses and is monitored in real time by a photodetector.

[0013] Technical effects of the present invention: Compared with existing technologies, this invention employs a dual high-pulse solid-state laser source (high average power and high peak power). It first uses high peak power to remove the oxide layer, then uses average power tailored to the welding material's requirements to complete the welding process. This ensures thorough oxide layer removal and deep penetration welds without causing porosity due to inconsistent temperature gradients. Furthermore, because the laser beams are emitted periodically, a gap exists between the two sets of laser pulses. This gap allows for real-time monitoring of the welding process using a photodetector. In summary, this invention leverages the advantages of a dual high-pulse mechanism to ensure porosity-free welding materials, thorough oxide layer removal, deep penetration welds, and real-time monitoring of the welding process, which is of significant importance for the development of critical equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a dual-high-pulse slab laser according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a dual-high-pulse rod-shaped laser according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a dual high-pulse thin-film laser according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5 This is a waveform diagram of a dual high-pulse laser according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram, 1. Photodetector; 2. Monitoring controller; 3. Robotic arm; 4. Focusing lens; 5. Total reflection mirror; 6. High-power LD array a; 7. Output mirror; 8. Q-switching device; 9. Slab crystal; 10. High-power LD array b; 11. Rod crystal; 12. Thin-film crystal; 13. Base. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment relates to a non-porous deoxidation welding equipment based on dual high-pulse laser technology, including a photodetector 1, a monitoring controller 2, a robotic arm 3, a focusing lens 4, and a dual high-pulse laser. The photodetector 1 is used to monitor the weld condition of the welding material and can be positioned on one side of the welding material or other locations conducive to monitoring the welding process. The monitoring controller 2 is connected to the photodetector 1 and is used to receive and display the welding condition detected by the photodetector 1. Both the robotic arm 3 and the focusing lens 4 are connected to the monitoring controller 2, which controls the adjustment of the robotic arm 3 and the focusing lens 4 to ensure normal operation. The robotic arm 3 is used to mount the dual high-pulse laser and precisely control the welding position. The focusing lens 4 is located between the robotic arm 3 and the welding material, used to focus the beam generated by the dual high-pulse laser onto the welding area and adjust the shape and size of the beam to meet different welding requirements.

[0022] The dual high-pulse laser can be a dual high-pulse slab structure laser, a dual high-pulse rod structure laser, or a dual high-pulse thin-film structure laser.

[0023] like Figure 2 As shown, the dual high-pulse slab laser includes a total reflection mirror 5, a high-power LD array a6, an output mirror 7, a Q-switching device 8, a slab crystal 9, and a high-power LD array b10. The total reflection mirror 5 and the output mirror 7 form a resonant cavity, allowing the laser to oscillate and amplify within the cavity before being output from the output mirror 7. Both the high-power LD array a6 and the high-power LD array b10 are used to pump the slab crystal 9. The Q-switching device 8 is used to adjust the pulse duration of the output laser and can adjust the ratio of peak pulses to long pulses according to welding requirements. The slab crystal 9 serves as the gain medium for the laser.

[0024] like Figure 3 As shown, the dual high-pulse rod-shaped laser includes a total reflection mirror 5, a high-power LD array a6, an output mirror 7, a Q-switching device 8, a rod-shaped crystal 11, and a high-power LD array b10. The total reflection mirror 5 and the output mirror 7 form a resonant cavity, which amplifies the laser by oscillation within the cavity and outputs it from the output mirror 7. Both the high-power LD array a6 and the high-power LD array b10 are used to pump the rod-shaped crystal 11. The Q-switching device 8 is used to adjust the pulse duration of the output laser and can adjust the ratio of spike pulses to long pulses according to welding requirements.

[0025] like Figure 4As shown, the dual high-pulse thin-film structure laser includes an output mirror 7, a Q-switching device 8, a thin-film crystal 12, and a base 13; the thin-film crystal 12 is mounted on the base 13; the output mirror 7 and the thin-film crystal 12 form a resonant cavity, in which the laser oscillates and amplifies, and is output from the output mirror 7; the Q-switching device 8 is used to adjust the pulse duration of the output laser, and can adjust the ratio of peak pulses and long pulses according to welding requirements.

[0026] In use, the invention controls the movement of the robotic arm 3 via the monitoring controller 2, causing the laser to move in the welding direction. During this process, the photodetector 1 uses precision gating technology to monitor the weld seam in real time and displays the detected image on the monitoring controller 2. Based on the detected weld seam condition and different welding requirements, the monitoring controller 2 controls the movement of the focusing lens 4 to adjust the shape and size of the beam. The laser can also be adjusted using the Q-switching device 8 to increase or decrease the proportion of high peak power and high average power.

[0027] This invention utilizes a dual-high-pulse laser with both high peak power and high average power. The ratio of pulse edge and continuous pulses can be adjusted via a Q-switching device 8. High peak power is used to remove the oxide layer, while average power is used to complete the welding process, avoiding voids and defects caused by inconsistent temperature gradients. This dual-high-pulse laser effectively removes high-melting-point oxide layers using the leading-edge peak power. Simultaneously, by blackening the surface of the welding material, the absorption efficiency of the main energy pulse is improved, and subsequent average power is used for welding, preventing the re-formation of oxide layers. Furthermore, different laser powers are used for oxide layer removal and welding, enabling rapid formation of localized high temperatures in the welding area, minimizing the heat-affected zone, and facilitating deep penetration welding. This invention also enables precise welding monitoring, achieved through precise gating technology, utilizing techniques such as… Figure 5 The interval between the two sets of pulses shown can avoid interference from the main laser reflection with the photodetector 1 in the welding monitoring system, thus meeting the needs of precise and complex weld surface adaptive control.

[0028] Example 2: This embodiment relates to a non-porous oxidation removal welding method based on dual high-pulse laser technology, implemented using the welding equipment described in Embodiment 1. The method is as follows: First, a dual high-pulse laser with high peak power is used to remove the oxide layer of the welding material; Then, a dual high-pulse laser with an average power matching the welding material requirements is used to weld the material, thus completing the welding process.

[0029] The method described in this invention can completely remove the oxide layer and form a deep penetration weld without causing voids due to inconsistent temperature gradients. Furthermore, the welding process can be monitored in real time using a photodetector through the gap between the two laser pulses. This invention significantly improves weld quality stability, reduces production risks and costs, and ensures the application of laser welding technology in the welding of medium and heavy plates, meeting the needs for adaptive control of precise and complex weld surfaces.

[0030] The above-described specific embodiments are merely specific examples of the present invention. The patent protection scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the above-described specific embodiments. Any appropriate changes or modifications made by a person skilled in the art that conform to the claims of the present invention should fall within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-porous deoxidation welding equipment based on dual high-pulse laser technology, characterized in that, include: Photodetectors are used to monitor the weld condition of welding materials. The monitoring controller, connected to the photodetector, is used to receive and display the welding status detected by the photodetector. The robotic arm and the focusing lens are both connected to a monitoring controller, which controls the adjustment of the robotic arm and the focusing lens. A dual high-pulse laser is installed on the robotic arm to precisely control the welding position. The focusing lens is located between the robotic arm and the welding material to focus the beam generated by the dual high-pulse laser onto the welding area and adjust the shape and size of the beam.

2. The non-porous deoxidation welding equipment based on dual high-pulse laser technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual high-pulse laser is a dual high-pulse slab structure laser, a dual high-pulse rod structure laser, or a dual high-pulse thin-film structure laser.

3. The non-porous oxidation removal welding equipment based on dual high-pulse laser technology according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dual high-pulse slab laser includes a total reflection mirror, a high-power LD array a, an output mirror, a Q-switching device, a slab crystal, and a high-power LD array b. The total reflection mirror and the output mirror form a resonant cavity, allowing the laser to oscillate and amplify within the cavity before being output from the output mirror. Both the high-power LD array a and the high-power LD array b are used to pump the slab crystal. The Q-switching device is used to adjust the pulse duration of the output laser and to adjust the ratio of peak pulses to long pulses according to welding requirements. The slab crystal serves as the gain medium for the laser.

4. The non-porous oxidation removal welding equipment based on dual high-pulse laser technology according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dual high-pulse rod-shaped laser includes a total reflection mirror, a high-power LD array a, an output mirror, a q-switching device, a rod-shaped crystal, and a high-power LD array b. The total reflection mirror and the output mirror form a resonant cavity, which amplifies the laser by oscillation within the cavity and outputs it from the output mirror. Both the high-power LD array a and the high-power LD array b are used to pump the rod-shaped crystal. The q-switching device is used to adjust the pulse duration of the output laser and to adjust the ratio of spike pulses to long pulses according to welding requirements.

5. The non-porous deoxidation welding equipment based on dual high-pulse laser technology according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dual high-pulse thin-film laser includes an output mirror, a Q-switching device, a thin-film crystal, and a base. The thin-film crystal is mounted on the base. The output mirror and the thin-film crystal form a resonant cavity, in which the laser oscillates and amplifies before being output from the output mirror. The Q-switching device is used to adjust the pulse duration of the output laser and to adjust the ratio of peak pulses to long pulses according to welding requirements.

6. A non-porous oxidation removal welding method based on dual high-pulse laser technology, characterized in that, Based on the welding equipment as described in claim 1; the method is as follows: First, a dual high-pulse laser with high peak power is used to remove the oxide layer of the welding material; Then, a dual high-pulse laser with an average power matching the welding material requirements is used to weld the material.

7. The non-porous oxidation removal welding method based on dual high-pulse laser technology according to claim 6, characterized in that, The welding process utilizes the gap between two sets of laser pulses and is monitored in real time by a photodetector.

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