Multi-shaft part machining tool and machining method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-axis part machining tool and method. The multi-axis part machining tool comprises a base, a mounting base, a first tooth-shaped base, a positioning base and a transverse pressing assembly. The mounting seat is fixed to the top of the base, the first tooth-shaped seat and the positioning seat are both fixed to the top of the mounting seat, a first tooth-shaped groove used for being matched with a shaft part to be preliminarily machined is formed in the first tooth-shaped seat in a penetrating mode, and a first tooth clamping part matched with the first tooth-shaped groove is arranged on the outer circumferential face of one end of the shaft part; the transverse pressing assembly and the positioning base are located on the two sides of the first tooth-shaped base correspondingly, and the transverse pressing assembly is matched with the positioning base and the first tooth-shaped groove to keep the shaft part to be machined stable. According to the clamping device, multi-directional accurate positioning and stable clamping of the shaft part can be achieved, and the probability of errors caused by shaking in the key groove machining process of the shaft part is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shaft workpiece machining technology, and in particular to a multi-axis part machining fixture and machining method. Background Technology

[0002] As core components of mechanical transmission systems, shaft parts are widely used in machine tools, automobiles, construction machinery, and other fields. Their machining accuracy directly affects the assembly accuracy and operational stability of the entire machine. In the machining process of multi-axis parts, the shaft parts must first be accurately positioned and securely clamped using tooling to provide reliable assurance for subsequent keyway opening, secondary machining, and other processes. Therefore, the clamping stability and positioning accuracy of the tooling are key factors determining the machining quality of shaft parts.

[0003] Existing multi-axis part machining fixtures mostly adopt single-direction clamping or simple limiting structures, lacking coordinated constraints on the circumferential and axial directions of the shaft parts. This makes the shaft parts prone to circumferential torsion or axial movement during machining. Especially in high-precision processes such as keyway machining, the machining errors caused by the shaking are more obvious, seriously affecting the consistency of product dimensions and making it difficult to meet the requirements of clamping efficiency and convenience in the initial machining stage of shaft parts. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a multi-axis part machining fixture and machining method.

[0005] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a multi-axis part machining fixture, including a base, a mounting base, a first toothed seat, a positioning seat, and a transverse clamping assembly; the mounting base is fixed to the top of the base, the first toothed seat and the positioning seat are both fixed to the top of the mounting base, the first toothed seat is provided with a first toothed groove for engaging with the shaft part to be initially machined, and a first locking tooth portion engaging with the first toothed groove is provided on the outer circumferential surface of one end of the shaft part; the transverse clamping assembly and the positioning seat are respectively located on both sides of the first toothed seat, and the transverse clamping assembly engages with the positioning seat and the first toothed groove to keep the shaft part to be machined stable.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, the first toothed groove of the first toothed seat and the first toothed part of the shaft part form a circumferential limiting fit. Combined with the axial positioning effect of the positioning seat and the transverse clamping assembly, the shaft part is stably clamped, which effectively reduces the probability of errors caused by shaking during the keyway machining of the shaft part. It significantly improves the machining accuracy and product consistency. Moreover, the overall structure is simple and easy to operate, and it can meet the usage requirements of the initial machining of shaft parts.

[0007] Furthermore, the shaft part has a plug-in hole and a positioning hole at both ends, and a transverse positioning pin is fixed on the positioning seat to be plugged into the plug-in hole; the transverse clamping assembly includes a connecting seat, a transverse hydraulic cylinder and a transverse push pin; the connecting seat is fixed on the top of the mounting seat, the transverse hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the connecting seat, one end of the transverse push pin is fixed to the piston rod of the transverse hydraulic cylinder, and the other end of the transverse push pin is plugged into the positioning hole.

[0008] Using the above technical solution, the tooling precisely connects the transverse positioning column of the positioning seat to the insertion hole at one end of the shaft part, and the transverse push column of the transverse clamping assembly connects to the positioning hole at the other end of the shaft part, forming a centering and positioning structure at both ends of the shaft part, effectively ensuring the coaxiality and positional accuracy of the shaft part during installation; at the same time, the transverse hydraulic cylinder drives the transverse push column to apply a stable transverse clamping force, forming a bidirectional clamping limit with the transverse positioning column, which can reliably constrain the axial movement and radial wobble of the shaft part during processing, significantly reducing processing errors and improving product dimensional consistency and processing quality.

[0009] Furthermore, the multi-axis part machining fixture also includes a mounting bracket, a limiting seat, and a longitudinal clamping assembly; the mounting bracket is also fixed to the top of the base, located on one side of the mounting base; the limiting seat is fixed to the mounting bracket, and its bottom is provided with a longitudinal positioning post for insertion into the insertion hole; the longitudinal clamping assembly includes a mounting shell, a longitudinal hydraulic cylinder, a longitudinal push post, an abutment block, a protrusion, and a longitudinal spring; the mounting shell and the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder are both fixed to the top of the base; the bottom of the mounting shell is provided with a receiving groove for accommodating the cylinder body of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder, and its top is provided with a through hole communicating with the receiving groove and allowing the longitudinal push post to slide; the lower end of the longitudinal push post is provided with a clearance hole that mates with the piston rod of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder; the bottom of the abutment block is fixedly connected to the upper end of the longitudinal push post, the lower end of the protrusion is fixed to the top of the abutment block, and the upper end of the protrusion is inserted into the positioning hole; the longitudinal spring is sleeved on the piston rod of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder, and is fixed between the lower end of the longitudinal push post and the top of the cylinder body of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder.

[0010] By employing the above technical solution, the longitudinal positioning post engages with the insertion hole on the shaft part, and the protrusion on the top of the abutment block engages with the positioning hole on the shaft part. This fixes the vertically placed shaft part, facilitating secondary grooving of the shaft part by the machining center after keyway machining. After machining, the operator only needs to adjust the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder and press down on the abutment block to separate the protrusion from the positioning hole, making it easy to remove the shaft part after secondary machining.

[0011] Furthermore, a pressure rod is hinged to the mounting bracket, and a notch is provided on the top of the abutment block to mate with the pressure rod; a lateral reinforcement assembly is provided on the mounting bracket, which includes a lateral hydraulic cylinder, a clamping block, and a second toothed seat; the lateral hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the mounting bracket, the clamping block is connected to the piston rod of the lateral hydraulic cylinder, and the mounting bracket is provided with a through hole for the clamping block to pass through; the second toothed seat abuts against the end of the clamping block away from the lateral hydraulic cylinder, and a second toothed groove is provided on one side of the second toothed seat to mate with the shaft part with a keyway; the longitudinal positioning post, the protrusion, and the second toothed groove cooperate to ensure the stability of the shaft part during secondary processing.

[0012] Using the above technical solution, the lateral hydraulic cylinder drives the abutment block to push the second toothed seat, causing the second toothed groove to mesh with the keyway of the shaft part, achieving circumferential limiting of the shaft part and effectively preventing torsional displacement of the shaft part during processing. Combined with the centering and positioning functions of the longitudinal positioning column and the protrusion, the stability and processing accuracy of the shaft part during secondary processing are fully guaranteed. After processing, the operator only needs to press the pressure rod to move the abutment block downwards, making it easy for the operator to remove the processed shaft part.

[0013] Furthermore, a conical groove communicating with the first toothed groove is provided on the side of the first toothed seat away from the positioning seat. The diameter of the conical groove on the side away from the positioning seat is larger than the diameter on the side close to the positioning seat. The multi-axis part processing fixture also includes a storage component, which consists of two storage buckets symmetrically distributed about the transverse positioning post. The side of the storage bucket away from the connecting seat is in contact with the side of the first toothed seat away from the positioning seat.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the debris generated during the initial keyway machining of the shaft parts falls into the collection hopper, reducing the probability of debris falling onto the mounting surface and increasing the difficulty of cleaning.

[0015] Furthermore, the multi-axis parts machining fixture also includes a cleaning mechanism, which comprises a guide assembly, a linkage assembly, and a transmission assembly. The guide assembly includes a fixed seat, an L-shaped plate, a guide rod, and a connecting plate. The fixed seat is also fixed to the top of the mounting base, located between the first toothed seat and the connecting seat. Two L-shaped plates are provided and fixed to both sides of the fixed seat respectively. The guide rod is fixed between the two L-shaped plates, and its length direction is perpendicular to the axis of the transverse positioning column. The connecting plate is fixed to the side of the storage hopper away from the connecting seat, and its number is equal to the number of storage hoppers and their positions correspond one-to-one. The guide rod passes through the connecting plate and slides with it. The linkage assembly is connected to the transverse push column, and the transmission assembly controls the two storage hoppers to move closer or further apart under the action of the linkage assembly.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, after the horizontal hydraulic cylinder works and causes the horizontal push column to move, the linkage components can move synchronously. In this way, the transmission components can control the two collection hoppers to move closer or further apart, so that the staff can clean the debris in the collection hoppers.

[0017] Furthermore, the mounting base includes a support block and a platform. The support block is fixed to the top of the base, and the platform is fixed to the top of the support block (the positioning seat, the first toothed seat, the connecting seat, and the fixing seat are all fixed to the top of the platform). A discharge hole is provided through the top of the platform, and a storage box is provided at the position corresponding to the discharge hole on the top of the base. A discharge port is provided at the bottom of the storage box, and a discharge plate for closing the discharge port is hinged to its bottom. When the two storage boxes abut against each other, the bottom of the discharge plate abuts against the top of the platform. When the two storage boxes move away from each other, the discharge plate automatically opens and completes the discharge action through the discharge hole. The transmission assembly includes a fixed block, a horizontal bar, a vertical bar, a control rod, and a transmission plate. The fixed block is fixed to the bottom of the platform, and the horizontal bar is set on the fixed block. The horizontal bar is fixed to the block and slides with it. The length direction of the horizontal bar is perpendicular to the length direction of the guide bar. The vertical bar is fixed to the end of the horizontal bar near the connecting seat. A first through groove is provided through the platform for the vertical bar to slide with. The upper end of the vertical bar is near the bottom of the horizontal push column. There are two control rods, which are fixed to the bottom of the two storage hoppers respectively. A second through groove is provided through the platform for the control rods to slide with. The length direction of the second through groove is parallel to the length direction of the guide bar. The bottom of the transmission plate is fixed to the end of the horizontal bar away from the vertical bar. There are two oblique holes through the top of the transmission plate for the control rods to slide with. The two oblique holes are in the shape of an "8". The linkage component is used to drive the vertical bar to reciprocate along the first through groove.

[0018] Using the above technical solution, when the two collection hoppers abut against each other, the bottom of the unloading plate abuts against the top of the platform, and the unloading plate maintains a closed unloading port, so that the collection hoppers can effectively collect the debris generated during processing. When the linkage component drives the vertical rod to move along the first through groove toward the side away from the positioning seat, the connecting plate and the guide rod slide together to ensure the stability of the collection hopper during movement. The vertical rod pulls the transmission plate through the horizontal rod. Due to the sliding engagement between the inclined hole on the transmission plate and the control rod, the two abutting collection hoppers move away from each other. When the unloading plate moves to the unloading hole, the unloading plate automatically opens under the action of gravity, so that the debris in the collection hopper can be discharged from the unloading hole into the collection box for centralized processing by the staff. When the linkage component drives the vertical rod to move along the first through groove toward the side closer to the positioning seat, the two collection hoppers move closer to each other until they abut against each other, so as to collect the debris generated during the processing of shaft parts.

[0019] Furthermore, the linkage assembly includes a fixed plate, a sleeve, a pin, an end plate, a limiting plate, and a transverse spring; the fixed plate is fixed to the bottom of the transverse push column, and the sleeve is fixed to one side wall of the fixed plate; the pin is coaxially arranged with the sleeve, and a first hole is provided through the fixed plate for the pin to pass through, one side of the end plate is fixed to the end of the pin, and a second hole is provided at the position of the vertical rod corresponding to the first hole for the pin to pass through; the limiting plate is fixed to the side wall of the end plate, and there are two limiting plates, and the end of the sleeve away from the fixed plate is provided with a notch that cooperates with the two limiting plates respectively; the transverse spring is sleeved on the pin, one end of which is rotatably connected to the fixed plate through a connecting ring, and the other end of the transverse spring is fixed to the side of the end plate near the fixed plate.

[0020] The above technical solution, with the connecting ring, ensures smoothness during the rotation of the end plate. After the operator rotates the end plate and aligns the limiting plate with the notch, the end plate enters the sleeve under the elastic force of the transverse spring. The pin passes through the first hole and then engages with the second hole, thereby linking the vertical rod and the fixed plate. This allows the two storage hoppers to move away from each other during the resetting process of the transverse push column and the piston rod of the transverse hydraulic cylinder. When the unloading plate aligns with the unloading hole, the automatic unloading action can be completed.

[0021] Furthermore, a tie rod is fixed to the side of the end plate away from the fixed plate, and the end of the tie rod away from the fixed plate is spherical.

[0022] The above technical solution allows workers to pull the end plate with a lever to release the linkage between the vertical rod and the fixed plate.

[0023] This application also discloses a method for machining multi-axis parts, the steps of which are as follows: S1. Perform preliminary machining and positioning on the shaft part to be processed, so that the first tooth of the shaft part mates with the first tooth groove of the first toothed seat. Through the coordinated action of the positioning seat and the transverse clamping assembly, the shaft part is stably positioned in the preliminary machining state. S2. The machining center opens a keyway on the positioned shaft part. After the transverse clamping assembly is reset, the shaft part after preliminary machining is removed. Then, the insertion hole of the shaft part is matched with the longitudinal positioning post of the limit seat, so that the protrusion of the longitudinal clamping assembly is inserted into the positioning hole of the shaft part. The second toothed seat of the lateral reinforcement assembly is matched with the shaft part with the keyway to achieve stable positioning of the shaft part during secondary machining. S3. The machining center performs secondary machining on the stabilized shaft part. Then, it controls the lateral reinforcement component and the longitudinal clamping component to reset, and the machined shaft part can be removed.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the circumferential limiting of the first toothed part and the first toothed groove, as well as the coordinated clamping of the positioning seat and the transverse clamping assembly, are used to achieve a stable constraint for the initial processing of the shaft part, providing a reliable positioning basis for the keyway opening; the insertion hole, positioning hole and keyway are respectively matched with the longitudinal positioning post, the protrusion post and the second toothed groove, ensuring the stability of the shaft part during the secondary processing.

[0025] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This application utilizes the first toothed groove of the first toothed seat and the first toothed part of the shaft part to form a circumferential limiting fit, and then combines the axial positioning effect of the positioning seat and the transverse clamping assembly to achieve a stable clamping of the shaft part. This effectively reduces the probability of errors caused by shaking during the keyway machining of the shaft part, significantly improves the machining accuracy and product consistency, and has a simple overall structure and is easy to operate, which can meet the usage requirements of the initial machining of shaft parts. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the product to be processed according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second toothed seat in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal clamping assembly used to highlight the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the platform structure in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the adsorption mechanism in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 10 yes Figure 9 Enlarged view of point C in the middle; Figure 11 yes Figure 9 Enlarged view of point D in the middle; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the cleaning mechanism in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the storage hopper in the closed state of the unloading plate in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 14This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the storage hopper in the unloading plate open state in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0027] In the picture: 1. Base; 2. Mounting seat; 21. Support block; 22. Platform; 221. Unloading hole; 222. First through slot; 223. Second through slot; 224. Magnetic block; 3. First toothed seat; 31. First toothed groove; 32. Conical groove; 4. Positioning seat; 41. Lateral positioning post; 5. Lateral clamping assembly; 51. Connecting seat; 52. Lateral hydraulic cylinder; 53. Lateral push post; 6. Shaft parts; 61. First retaining tooth part; 62. Insertion hole; 63. Positioning hole; 64. Keyway; 65. Flat groove; 7. Mounting bracket; 71. Limit seat; 711. Longitudinal positioning post; 72. Pressure rod; 73. Through hole; 8. Longitudinal clamping assembly; 81. Mounting shell; 811. Receiving groove; 812. Through hole; 82. Longitudinal hydraulic cylinder; 83. Longitudinal push post; 831. Displacement hole; 84. Abutment block; 841. Notch; 85. Protruding post; 86. Longitudinal spring; 9. Lateral reinforcement assembly; 91. Lateral hydraulic cylinder; 92. Clamping block; 93. 931. Second toothed seat; 10. Second toothed groove; 10. Storage assembly; 101. Storage hopper; 1011. Discharge port; 1012. Discharge plate; 102. Storage box; 11. Cleaning mechanism; 111. Guide assembly; 1111. Fixed seat; 1112. L-shaped plate; 1113. Guide rod; 1114. Connecting plate; 112. Linkage assembly; 1121. Fixed plate; 11211. First hole; 1122. Sleeve; 11221. Notch; 1123. Pin; 1124. End plate; 11241. Pull rod; 1125. Limiting plate; 1126. Horizontal spring; 113. Transmission assembly; 1131. Fixing block; 1132. Horizontal bar; 1133. Vertical bar; 11331. Second hole; 1134. Control rod; 1135. Transmission plate; 11351. Angled hole; 12. Adsorption mechanism; 121. Ring; 1211. Suction hole; 122. Adsorption tube; 123. Collection tube. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Example 1

[0029] like Figure 1-6As shown in the figure, this application discloses a multi-axis part processing fixture, including a base 1, a mounting base 2, a first toothed seat 3, a positioning seat 4, and a transverse clamping assembly 5. The mounting base 2 is fixed to the top of the base 1, and the first toothed seat 3 and the positioning seat 4 are both fixed to the top of the mounting base 2. The first toothed seat 3 is provided with a first toothed groove 31 for cooperating with the shaft part 6 to be initially processed. A first locking tooth 61 is provided on the outer circumferential surface of one end of the shaft part 6 to cooperate with the first toothed groove 31, and the extension direction of the first locking tooth 61 is parallel to the axial direction of the shaft part 6. The transverse clamping assembly 5 and the positioning seat 4 are respectively located on both sides of the first toothed seat 3. The transverse clamping assembly 5 cooperates with the positioning seat 4 and the first toothed groove 31 to keep the shaft part 6 to be processed stable.

[0030] By utilizing the first toothed groove 31 of the first toothed seat 3 and the first clamping tooth 61 of the shaft part 6 to form a circumferential limiting fit, and combined with the axial positioning effect of the positioning seat 4 and the transverse clamping component 5, the shaft part 6 is stably clamped, which effectively reduces the probability of errors caused by shaking during the keyway 64 machining of the shaft part 6, significantly improves the machining accuracy and product consistency, and the overall structure is simple and easy to operate, which can meet the usage requirements of the initial machining of the shaft part 6.

[0031] The shaft part 6 has a insertion hole 62 and a positioning hole 63 at both ends, and a transverse positioning pin 41 that is inserted into the insertion hole 62 is fixed on the positioning seat 4. The transverse pressing assembly 5 includes a connecting seat 51, a transverse hydraulic cylinder 52 and a transverse push pin 53. The connecting seat 51 is fixed to the top of the mounting seat 2, the transverse hydraulic cylinder 52 is fixed to the connecting seat 51, one end of the transverse push pin 53 is fixed to the piston rod of the transverse hydraulic cylinder 52, and the other end of the transverse push pin 53 is inserted into the positioning hole 63.

[0032] The tooling precisely connects the transverse positioning pin 41 of the positioning seat 4 to the insertion hole 62 at one end of the shaft part 6, and the transverse push pin 53 of the transverse clamping assembly 5 connects to the positioning hole 63 at the other end of the shaft part 6, forming a centering and positioning structure at both ends of the shaft part 6, effectively ensuring the coaxiality and positional accuracy of the shaft part 6 during installation; at the same time, the transverse hydraulic cylinder 52 drives the transverse push pin 53 to apply a stable transverse clamping force, forming a bidirectional clamping limit with the transverse positioning pin 41, which can reliably constrain the axial movement and radial wobble of the shaft part 6 during the processing, significantly reducing processing errors and improving product dimensional consistency and processing quality.

[0033] The multi-axis part 6 machining fixture also includes a mounting bracket 7, a limiting seat 71, and a longitudinal clamping assembly 8; the mounting bracket 7 is also fixed to the top of the base 1, located on one side of the mounting base 2; the limiting seat 71 is fixed on the mounting bracket 7, and its bottom is provided with a longitudinal positioning post 711 for insertion and engagement of the insertion hole 62; the longitudinal clamping assembly 8 includes a mounting shell 81, a longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 82, a longitudinal push post 83, an abutment block 84, a protruding post 85, and a longitudinal spring 86; the mounting shell 81 and the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 82 are both fixed to the top of the base 1; the bottom of the mounting shell 81 is provided with a space for accommodating the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder. The cylinder body of 82 has a receiving groove 811, the top of which is provided with a through hole 812 that communicates with the receiving groove 811 and allows the longitudinal push column 83 to slide. The lower end of the longitudinal push column 83 is provided with a relief hole 831 that cooperates with the piston rod of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 82. The bottom of the abutment block 84 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the longitudinal push column 83. The lower end of the protrusion 85 is fixed to the top of the abutment block 84, and the upper end of the protrusion 85 is inserted into the positioning hole 63. The longitudinal spring 86 is sleeved on the piston rod of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 82 and is fixed between the lower end of the longitudinal push column 83 and the top of the cylinder body of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 82.

[0034] The longitudinal positioning post 711 engages with the insertion hole 62 on the shaft part 6, and the protrusion 85 on the top of the abutment block 84 engages with the positioning hole 63 on the shaft part 6. This fixes the vertically placed shaft part 6, making it easier for the machining center to perform secondary grooving on the shaft part 6 after the keyway 64 has been machined. After machining, the operator only needs to adjust the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 82 and press down on the abutment block 84 to separate the protrusion 85 from the positioning hole 63, thus facilitating the removal of the shaft part 6 after secondary machining (the secondary machining involves machining a flat groove 65 on the shaft part 6).

[0035] A pressure rod 72 is hinged to the mounting frame 7, and a notch 841 that mates with the pressure rod 72 is provided on the top of the abutment block 84. A lateral reinforcement component 9 is provided on the mounting frame 7, which includes a lateral hydraulic cylinder 91, a clamping block 92, and a second toothed seat 93. The lateral hydraulic cylinder 91 is fixed to the mounting frame 7, and the clamping block 92 is connected to the piston rod of the lateral hydraulic cylinder 91. A through hole 73 is provided on the mounting frame 7 for the clamping block 92 to pass through. The second toothed seat 93 abuts against the end of the clamping block 92 away from the lateral hydraulic cylinder 91. A second toothed groove 931 that mates with the shaft part 6 with a keyway 64 is provided on one side of the second toothed seat 93. The longitudinal positioning post 711, the protrusion 85, and the second toothed groove 931 work together to ensure the stability of the shaft part 6 during secondary processing.

[0036] The lateral hydraulic cylinder 91 drives the abutment block 92 to push the second toothed seat 93, causing the second toothed groove 931 to engage with the keyway 64 of the shaft part 6, thus achieving circumferential limiting of the shaft part 6 and effectively preventing torsional displacement of the shaft part 6 during processing. Combined with the centering and positioning functions of the longitudinal positioning column 711 and the protrusion 85, the stability and processing accuracy of the shaft part 6 during secondary processing are fully guaranteed. After processing, the operator only needs to press the pressure rod 72 to move the abutment block 84 downward, making it easy for the operator to remove the processed shaft part 6.

[0037] This application also discloses a machining method for a multi-axis part 6, the steps of which are as follows: S1. Perform preliminary machining and positioning on the shaft part 6 to be processed, so that the first toothed part 61 of the shaft part 6 engages with the first toothed groove 31 of the first toothed seat 3. Through the coordinated action of the positioning seat 4 and the transverse clamping assembly 5, the shaft part 6 is stably positioned in the preliminary machining state. S2. The machining center opens a keyway 64 on the positioned shaft part 6. After the transverse clamping assembly 5 is reset, the pre-machined shaft part 6 is removed. Then, the insertion hole 62 of the shaft part 6 is matched with the longitudinal positioning post 711 of the limiting seat 71, so that the protrusion 85 of the longitudinal clamping assembly 8 is inserted into the positioning hole 63 of the shaft part 6. The second toothed seat 93 of the lateral reinforcement assembly 9 is matched with the shaft part 6 with the keyway 64 to achieve stable positioning of the shaft part 6 during secondary processing. S3. The machining center performs secondary processing on the stabilized shaft part 6. Then, it controls the lateral reinforcement component 9 and the longitudinal clamping component 8 to reset, and removes the processed shaft part 6.

[0038] By utilizing the circumferential limiting of the first toothed part 61 and the first toothed groove 31, and the coordinated clamping of the positioning seat 4 and the transverse clamping assembly 5, a stable constraint is achieved for the initial processing of the shaft part 6, providing a reliable positioning basis for the opening of the keyway 64; the insertion hole 62, the positioning hole 63 and the keyway 64 respectively cooperate with the longitudinal positioning post 711, the protrusion post 85 and the second toothed groove 931, ensuring the stability of the shaft part 6 during the secondary processing. Example 2

[0039] This embodiment discloses a multi-axis part 6 machining fixture and machining method, including all the technical solutions of embodiment 1, and further: Combination Figure 7-14As shown, the first toothed seat 3 has a conical groove 32 communicating with the first toothed groove 31 on the side away from the positioning seat 4. The diameter of the conical groove 32 on the side away from the positioning seat 4 is larger than the diameter on the side closer to the positioning seat 4. The multi-axis part 6 machining fixture also includes a storage assembly 10, which consists of two storage buckets 101 symmetrically distributed about the transverse positioning post 41. The side of the storage bucket 101 away from the connecting seat 51 fits against the side of the first toothed seat 3 away from the positioning seat 4. During the initial keyway 64 machining of the shaft part 6, the debris generated falls into the storage bucket 101, reducing the probability of debris falling onto the surface of the mounting seat 2 and increasing the difficulty of cleaning.

[0040] The multi-axis part 6 machining fixture also includes a cleaning mechanism 11, which includes a guide assembly 111, a linkage assembly 112, and a transmission assembly 113. The guide assembly 111 includes a fixed seat 1111, an L-shaped plate 1112, a guide rod 1113, and a connecting plate 1114. The fixed seat 1111 is also fixed to the top of the mounting base 2, and it is located between the first toothed seat 3 and the connecting base 51. Two L-shaped plates 1112 are provided and fixed to both sides of the fixed seat 1111 respectively. The guide rod 1113... Fixed between two L-shaped plates 1112, with its length direction perpendicular to the axis of the transverse positioning column 41; connecting plates 1114 are fixed on the side of the storage hopper 101 away from the connecting seat 51, with the number of plates equal to the number of storage hoppers 101 and their positions corresponding one-to-one; guide rods 1113 pass through the connecting plates 1114 and slide with them; the linkage component 112 is connected to the transverse push column 53, and the transmission component 113 controls the two storage hoppers 101 to move closer or further apart under the action of the linkage component 112.

[0041] After the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 52 works and causes the horizontal push column 53 to move, the linkage component 112 can move synchronously, thereby controlling the two storage bins 101 to move closer or further apart through the transmission component 113, so that the staff can clean the debris in the storage bins 101.

[0042] Mounting base 2 includes a support block 21 and a platform 22. The support block 21 is fixed to the top of the base 1, and the platform 22 is fixed to the top of the support block 21 (positioning seat 4, first toothed seat 3, connecting seat 51, and fixing seat 1111 are all fixed to the top of the platform 22). A discharge hole 221 is provided through the top of the platform 22, and a storage box 102 is provided at the position corresponding to the discharge hole 221 on the top of the base 1. A discharge port 1011 is provided at the bottom of the storage box 101, and a discharge plate 1012 for closing the discharge port 1011 is hinged to its bottom. When the two storage boxes 101 abut against each other, the bottom of the discharge plate 1012 abuts against the top of the platform 22. When the two storage boxes 101 move away from each other, the discharge plate 1012 automatically opens and completes the discharge action through the discharge hole 221. The transmission assembly 113 includes a fixed block 1131, a horizontal bar 1132, a vertical bar 1133, a control rod 1134, and a transmission plate 1135. The fixed block 1131 is fixed to the bottom of the platform 22. The horizontal bar 1132 is mounted on the fixed block 1131 and slides with it. The length direction of the horizontal bar 1132 is perpendicular to the length direction of the guide rod 1113. The vertical bar 1133 is fixed to the end of the horizontal bar 1132 near the connecting seat 51. A first through slot 222 is provided through the platform 22 for the vertical bar 1133 to slide with. The upper end of the vertical bar 1133 is adjacent to the bottom of the transverse push column 53. There are two control rods 1134. Two control levers 1134 are fixed to the bottom of two storage bins 101 respectively. A second through groove 223 is provided on the platform 22 for the control levers 1134 to slide. The length direction of the second through groove 223 is parallel to the length direction of the guide rod 1113. The bottom of the transmission plate 1135 is fixed to the end of the horizontal bar 1132 away from the vertical bar 1133. The top of the transmission plate 1135 is provided with two oblique holes 11351 for the control levers 1134 to slide. The two oblique holes 11351 are arranged in a figure-eight shape. The linkage component 112 is used to drive the vertical bar 1133 to reciprocate along the first through groove 222.

[0043] When the two collection hoppers 101 come into contact with each other, the bottom of the unloading plate 1012 comes into contact with the top of the platform 22, and the unloading plate 1012 remains in a closed unloading port 1011 state so that the collection hoppers 101 can effectively collect the debris generated during the processing. When the linkage component 112 drives the vertical rod 1133 to move along the first through groove 222 toward the side away from the positioning seat 4, the connecting plate 1114 and the guide rod 1113 slide together to ensure the stability of the storage hopper 101 during movement. The vertical rod 1133 pulls the transmission plate 1135 through the horizontal rod 1132. Since the inclined hole 11351 on the transmission plate 1135 slides together with the control rod 1134, the two abutting storage hoppers 101 move away from each other. When the unloading plate 1012 moves to the unloading hole 221, the unloading plate 1012 opens automatically under the action of gravity, so that the debris in the storage hopper 101 can be discharged from the unloading hole 221 into the storage box 102 for centralized processing by the staff. When the linkage assembly 112 drives the vertical rod 1133 to move along the first through groove 222 toward the side closer to the positioning seat 4, the two collection hoppers 101 move closer to each other until they abut against each other, so as to collect the debris generated during the processing of the shaft part 6.

[0044] To ensure the stability of the vertical rod 1133 and the storage bin 101 during use, a magnetic block 224 that magnetically attracts the vertical rod 1133 is embedded at the top of the platform 22.

[0045] The transverse push column 53 is made of a material that magnetically attracts the shaft part 6, so that the vertical rod 1133 can drive the shaft part 6 to disengage from the first toothed seat 3 during the retraction of the transverse push column 53. The linkage assembly 112 includes a fixing plate 1121, a sleeve 1122, a pin 1123, an end plate 1124, a limiting plate 1125, and a transverse spring 1126; the fixing plate 1121 is fixed to the bottom of the transverse push column 53, and the sleeve 1122 is fixed to one side wall of the fixing plate 1121; the pin 1123 is coaxially arranged with the sleeve 1122, and a first hole 11211 is provided through the fixing plate 1121 for the pin 1123 to pass through; one side of the end plate 1124 is fixed to the end of the pin 1123, and a spring is provided on the vertical rod 1133 at the position corresponding to the first hole 11211 for the pin 1123 to pass through. The second hole 11331 through which the pin 1123 passes; the limiting plate 1125 is fixed to the side wall of the end plate 1124, and there are two of them. The end of the sleeve 1122 away from the fixed plate 1121 is provided with a notch 11221 that cooperates with the two limiting plates 1125 respectively; the transverse spring 1126 is sleeved on the pin 1123, and one end of it is rotatably connected to the fixed plate 1121 through a connecting ring (not shown in the figure. The setting of the connecting ring ensures the smoothness of the end plate 1124 during rotation). The other end of the transverse spring 1126 is fixed to the side of the end plate 1124 near the fixed plate 1121.

[0046] After the operator rotates the end plate 1124 and aligns the limiting plate 1125 with the notch 11221, the end plate 1124 enters the sleeve 1122 under the elastic force of the transverse spring 1126. The pin 1123 passes through the first hole 11211 and is inserted into the second hole 11331, thereby enabling the vertical rod 1133 to move in conjunction with the fixing plate 1121 so that the two storage hoppers 101 can move away from each other during the process of the transverse push column 53 resetting with the piston rod of the transverse hydraulic cylinder 52. When the unloading plate 1012 aligns with the unloading hole 221, the automatic unloading action can be completed.

[0047] To facilitate the operation of staff to pull the end plate 1124 to release the linkage between the vertical rod 1133 and the fixed plate 1121, a pull rod 11241 is fixed on the side of the end plate 1124 away from the fixed plate 1121, and the end of the pull rod 11241 away from the fixed plate 1121 is spherical.

[0048] The multi-axis part 6 machining fixture also includes an adsorption mechanism 12, which comprises an annular body 121, an adsorption tube 122, and a collection tube 123. The annular body 121 is fixed to the side of the first toothed seat 3 near the positioning seat 4, and is hollow inside. Multiple suction holes 1121 are provided on the side of the annular body 121 away from the positioning seat 4, and the suction holes 1121 are located adjacent to the first toothed groove 31. One end of the adsorption tube 122 is fixed to and connected to the bottom of the annular body 121. The collection tube 123 is fixed to and connected to the end of the adsorption tube 122 away from the annular body 121, and the end of the collection tube 123 away from the adsorption tube 122 is connected to an external air extraction system (existing technology, similar to a vacuum cleaner).

[0049] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-axis part machining fixture, characterized in that: It includes a base (1), a mounting base (2), a first toothed seat (3), a positioning seat (4), and a transverse clamping assembly (5); The mounting base (2) is fixed to the top of the base (1). The first toothed seat (3) and the positioning seat (4) are both fixed to the top of the mounting base (2). The first toothed seat (3) is provided with a first toothed groove (31) for cooperating with the shaft part (6) to be initially processed. The outer circumferential surface of one end of the shaft part (6) is provided with a first locking tooth (61) that cooperates with the first toothed groove (31). The transverse pressing assembly (5) and the positioning seat (4) are located on both sides of the first toothed seat (3). The transverse pressing assembly (5) cooperates with the positioning seat (4) and the first toothed groove (31) to keep the shaft part (6) to be processed stable.

2. The multi-axis part machining fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaft part (6) has a plug hole (62) and a positioning hole (63) at both ends respectively, and a transverse positioning post (41) that is plugged into the plug hole (62) is fixed on the positioning seat (4); The transverse clamping assembly (5) includes a connecting seat (51), a transverse hydraulic cylinder (52), and a transverse push column (53); the connecting seat (51) is fixed to the top of the mounting base (2), the transverse hydraulic cylinder (52) is fixed to the connecting seat (51), one end of the transverse push column (53) is fixed to the piston rod of the transverse hydraulic cylinder (52), and the other end of the transverse push column (53) is inserted into the positioning hole (63).

3. The multi-axis part machining fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a mounting bracket (7), a limiting seat (71), and a longitudinal clamping assembly (8); The mounting bracket (7) is also fixed to the top of the base (1), which is located on one side of the mounting seat (2); the limiting seat (71) is fixed on the mounting bracket (7), and its bottom is provided with a longitudinal positioning post (711) for the insertion hole (62) to be inserted and fitted; the longitudinal pressing assembly (8) includes a mounting shell (81), a longitudinal hydraulic cylinder (82), a longitudinal push post (83), an abutment block (84), a protruding post (85), and a longitudinal spring (86); The mounting housing (81) and the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder (82) are both fixed to the top of the base (1); the bottom of the mounting housing (81) is provided with a receiving groove (811) for accommodating the cylinder body of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder (82), and the top of the housing is provided with a through hole (812) that communicates with the receiving groove (811) and allows the longitudinal push column (83) to slide. The lower end of the longitudinal push column (83) is provided with a relief hole (831) that cooperates with the piston rod of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder (82); the bottom of the abutment block (84) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the longitudinal push column (83), the lower end of the protrusion (85) is fixed to the top of the abutment block (84), and the upper end of the protrusion (85) is inserted into the positioning hole (63); the longitudinal spring (86) is sleeved on the piston rod of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder (82), and it is fixed between the lower end of the longitudinal push column (83) and the top of the cylinder body of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder (82).

4. The multi-axis part machining fixture according to claim 3, characterized in that: A pressure rod (72) is hinged to the mounting bracket (7), and a notch (841) that mates with the pressure rod (72) is provided on the top of the abutment block (84); The mounting bracket (7) is provided with a lateral reinforcement component (9), which includes a lateral hydraulic cylinder (91), a clamping block (92), and a second toothed seat (93); The lateral hydraulic cylinder (91) is fixed on the mounting bracket (7). The abutment block (92) is connected to the piston rod of the lateral hydraulic cylinder (91). The mounting bracket (7) is provided with a through hole (73) for the abutment block (92) to pass through. The second toothed seat (93) abuts against the end of the abutment block (92) away from the lateral hydraulic cylinder (91). The second toothed seat (93) is provided with a second toothed groove (931) on one side to cooperate with the shaft part (6) with the keyway (64). The longitudinal positioning column (711), the protrusion (85) and the second toothed groove (931) cooperate to ensure the stability of the shaft part (6) during the secondary processing.

5. The multi-axis part machining fixture according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first toothed seat (3) is provided with a conical groove (32) communicating with the first toothed groove (31) on the side away from the positioning seat (4). The diameter of the conical groove (32) on the side away from the positioning seat (4) is larger than the diameter on the side close to the positioning seat (4). The multi-axis part machining fixture also includes a storage assembly (10), which consists of two storage hoppers (101) symmetrically distributed about the transverse positioning column (41). The side of the storage hopper (101) away from the connecting seat (51) is in contact with the side of the first toothed seat (3) away from the positioning seat (4).

6. The multi-axis part machining fixture according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a cleaning mechanism (11), which includes a guide assembly (111), a linkage assembly (112), and a transmission assembly (113); The guide assembly (111) includes a fixed base (1111), an L-shaped plate (1112), a guide rod (1113), and a connecting plate (1114); the fixed base (1111) is also fixed to the top of the mounting base (2), and it is located between the first toothed seat (3) and the connecting base (51). Two L-shaped plates (1112) are provided and fixed to both sides of the fixed base (1111); the guide rod (1113) is fixed between the two L-shaped plates (1112), and its length direction is perpendicular to the transverse direction. The axis of the positioning column (41) is perpendicular; the connecting plate (1114) is fixed to the side of the storage hopper (101) away from the connecting seat (51), and the number of them is equal to the number of storage hoppers (101) and their positions correspond one-to-one. The guide rod (1113) passes through the connecting plate (1114) and slides with it; the linkage component (112) is connected to the transverse push column (53), and the transmission component (113) controls the two storage hoppers (101) to move closer or further away from each other under the action of the linkage component (112).

7. A multi-axis part machining fixture according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mounting base (2) includes a support block (21) and a platform (22). The support block (21) is fixed to the top of the base (1), and the platform (22) is fixed to the top of the support block (21). A discharge hole (221) is provided through the top of the platform (22), and a storage box (102) is provided on the top of the base (1) at the position corresponding to the discharge hole (221). A discharge port (1011) is provided at the bottom of the storage hopper (101), and a discharge plate (1012) for closing the discharge port (1011) is hinged to its bottom. When the two storage hoppers (101) abut against each other, the bottom of the discharge plate (1012) abuts against the top of the platform (22). When the two storage hoppers (101) move away from each other, the discharge plate (1012) automatically opens and completes the discharge action through the discharge hole (221). The transmission assembly (113) includes a fixed block (1131), a horizontal bar (1132), a vertical bar (1133), a control lever (1134), and a transmission plate (1135); The fixing block (1131) is fixed to the bottom of the platform (22), and the horizontal bar (1132) is set on the fixing block (1131) and slides with it. The length direction of the horizontal bar (1132) is perpendicular to the length direction of the guide rod (1113). The vertical bar (1133) is fixed to the end of the horizontal bar (1132) near the connecting seat (51). The platform (22) is provided with a first through groove (222) for the vertical bar (1133) to slide with it. The upper end of the vertical bar (1133) is close to the bottom of the horizontal push column (53). There are two control rods (1134). The two control rods (1134) are respectively connected to the bottom of the two storage bins (101). The platform (22) is fixed, and a second through groove (223) is provided for the control rod (1134) to slide. The length direction of the second through groove (223) is parallel to the length direction of the guide rod (1113). The bottom of the transmission plate (1135) is fixed to the end of the horizontal bar (1132) away from the vertical bar (1133), and the top of the transmission plate (1135) is provided with an oblique hole (11351) for the control rod (1134) to slide. There are two oblique holes (11351), and the two oblique holes (11351) are in the shape of "eight". The linkage component (112) is used to drive the vertical bar (1133) to reciprocate along the first through groove (222).

8. A multi-axis part machining fixture according to claim 7, characterized in that: The linkage assembly (112) includes a fixed plate (1121), a sleeve (1122), a pin (1123), an end plate (1124), a limiting plate (1125), and a transverse spring (1126); The fixing plate (1121) is fixed to the bottom of the transverse push column (53), and the sleeve (1122) is fixed to the side wall of one side of the fixing plate (1121); the pin (1123) is coaxially arranged with the sleeve (1122), and a first hole (11211) for the pin (1123) to pass through is provided through the fixing plate (1121). One side of the end plate (1124) is fixed to the end of the pin (1123), and a first hole (11211) for the pin (1123) to pass through is provided at the position corresponding to the first hole (11211) on the vertical rod (1133). Two-hole body (11331); two limiting plates (1125) are fixed to the side wall of the end plate (1124); one end of the sleeve (1122) away from the fixed plate (1121) is provided with a notch (11221) that cooperates with the two limiting plates (1125); a transverse spring (1126) is sleeved on the pin (1123), one end of which is rotatably connected to the fixed plate (1121) through a connecting ring, and the other end of the transverse spring (1126) is fixed to the side of the end plate (1124) near the fixed plate (1121).

9. A multi-axis part machining fixture according to claim 8, characterized in that: A pull rod (11241) is fixed on the side of the end plate (1124) away from the fixed plate (1121), and the end of the pull rod (11241) away from the fixed plate (1121) is spherical.

10. A method for machining a multi-axis part, using the multi-axis part machining fixture as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The processing steps are as follows: S1. Perform preliminary machining and positioning on the shaft part (6) to be processed, so that the first toothed part (61) of the shaft part (6) engages with the first toothed groove (31) of the first toothed seat (3). Through the coordinated action of the positioning seat (4) and the transverse clamping assembly (5), the shaft part (6) is stably positioned in the preliminary machining state. S2. The machining center opens a keyway (64) on the positioned shaft part (6). After the transverse clamping assembly (5) is reset, the shaft part (6) after preliminary machining is removed. Then, the insertion hole (62) of the shaft part (6) is matched with the longitudinal positioning post (711) of the limiting seat (71), so that the protrusion (85) of the longitudinal clamping assembly (8) is inserted into the positioning hole (63) of the shaft part (6), and the second toothed seat (93) of the lateral reinforcement assembly (9) is matched with the shaft part (6) with the keyway (64) to achieve stable positioning of the shaft part (6) during secondary machining. S3. The machining center performs secondary machining on the stabilized shaft part (6). Then, the lateral reinforcement assembly (9) and the longitudinal clamping assembly (8) are reset, and the machined shaft part (6) can be removed.

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