Casting part grinding equipment and grinding method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of casting part grinding and discloses casting part grinding equipment and a grinding method.The casting part grinding equipment comprises a mounting table, a supporting frame and a grinding belt assembly, the supporting frame is fixedly mounted on the mounting table, the grinding belt assembly is fixedly mounted on the supporting frame, and a clamping device is arranged on one side of the grinding belt assembly; the clamping device comprises two symmetrically-arranged main clamping sets, flexible chucks are elastically hinged to the two sides of each main clamping set, auxiliary grinding devices capable of being lifted and rotationally adjusted are further arranged at the lower ends of the main clamping sets, and an adsorption dust removal device is arranged on the portion, located above the clamping device, of the mounting table. The device can be attached to the concave-convex appearance of the special-shaped casting part to achieve stable fixing, meanwhile, overall grinding and precise edge grinding can be synchronously completed, manual secondary edge repairing and grinding are not needed, the machining requirements of casting parts of different shapes and sizes are met, the grinding efficiency and machining precision can be improved, the equipment application range can be widened, and the using effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of casting grinding technology, specifically, it relates to a casting grinding equipment and a grinding method. Background Technology

[0002] Casting grinding equipment is a specialized device for efficiently cleaning surface defects such as gating gates, burrs, oxide scale, and unevenness in various castings (cast iron, cast steel, aluminum alloy castings, etc.). Its grinding adaptability, grinding precision, and degree of automation directly affect the processing quality and production efficiency of castings. In industrial production, irregularly shaped castings, due to their complex structure, uneven surfaces, and varying curvature, place higher demands on the clamping stability and comprehensive grinding capabilities of the grinding equipment.

[0003] Existing casting grinding technology and related equipment still have many significant shortcomings, making it difficult to meet the demand for efficient and precise grinding of irregularly shaped castings: First, the clamping structure has poor adaptability. Most equipment adopts a rigid clamping design, which can only fix regular-shaped workpieces. Even if some equipment can replace the clamping slots to adapt to workpieces of different sizes, manual disassembly and adjustment are still required. This operation is cumbersome and cannot adapt to the concave and convex shapes of irregularly shaped castings. During clamping, local overtightness and local suspension are prone to occur, resulting in unstable workpiece fixation and even surface scratches. Second, the transmission structure of some equipment is complex. Key components wear out quickly and require high assembly precision. After long-term operation, problems such as jamming and transmission deviation are prone to occur, resulting in high costs for subsequent maintenance and component replacement. At the same time, most equipment does not fully consider dust treatment and environmental protection requirements. Dust spreads during the grinding process, polluting the environment and endangering the health of operators.

[0004] A Chinese patent application with application number CN202011009032.X discloses a casting surface grinding mechanism, including a support frame. The support frame is a truss structure composed of a rectangular plate and eight square tubes. A base plate is fixed to the bottom corners of the rectangular plate and the bottom square tubes. A first motor is fixed to the upper part of the inner side of the rectangular plate. The horizontal drive shaft of the first motor is fixed to an active grinding wheel and an active bevel gear. The active bevel gear is fixed to a universal joint. The universal joint is fixed to a driven bevel gear and a transmission bevel gear. The driven bevel gear is fixed to the driven grinding wheel. The casting is clamped in a rotating disk. The rotating disk is fixed to a vertical drive shaft and a second motor. A first hydraulic rod is fixed to the bottom of the second motor. A second hydraulic rod is fixed to the side wall of the second motor. The locking block of the second hydraulic rod is engaged with a vertical sliding groove. This invention introduces a differential structure into the field of metal part grinding for the first time. Through the coordinated movement of four degrees of freedom, it can quickly grind the surface of the casting without producing scratches or other defects. However, the transmission structure of this equipment is complex, key components wear out quickly, and assembly precision is required. After long-term operation, problems such as jamming and transmission deviation are likely to occur, resulting in high costs for subsequent maintenance and component replacement. At the same time, most equipment does not fully consider dust control and environmental protection requirements, which pollutes the working environment and endangers the health of operators. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a casting grinding equipment and grinding method, which has self-adaptive clamping capability, can conform to the concave and convex shape of irregular castings to achieve stable fixation, and can simultaneously complete overall grinding and precise grinding of edge parts, eliminating the need for manual secondary grinding of edge parts. It not only meets the processing needs of castings of different shapes and sizes, but also improves grinding efficiency and processing accuracy, expands the applicability of the equipment, and ensures the effect and operational stability.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A casting grinding device includes a mounting platform, a support frame, and a grinding belt assembly. The support frame is fixedly mounted on the mounting platform, and the grinding belt assembly is fixedly mounted on the support frame. A clamping device is provided on one side of the grinding belt assembly. The clamping device includes two symmetrically arranged main clamping groups. The two main clamping groups can slide along a preset trajectory. Each main clamping group has flexible chucks elastically hinged on both sides. Through the elastic deformation and adaptive swing of the flexible chucks, it closely fits the concave and convex shape of the irregular casting to achieve stable clamping. An auxiliary grinding device that can be raised, lowered, and rotated is also provided at the lower end of the main clamping group. An adsorption dust removal device is provided on the mounting platform above the clamping device. The two main clamping groups are set to two working states: clamping station and releasing station. Clamping station: the two main clamping groups slide synchronously towards each other along the preset trajectory, applying a balanced clamping force to both sides of the casting. Releasing station: the two main clamping groups slide synchronously away from each other along the original trajectory, completely disengaging from the surface of the casting and releasing the clamping fixation.

[0007] The following are further optimizations of the above technical solution by the present invention: A fixed connecting frame is fixedly installed on one side of the support frame near the grinding belt assembly, and a first driving component for driving the clamping action is assembled inside the fixed connecting frame in the lower area.

[0008] Further optimization: A mounting plate is fixedly installed on the sliding end of the first drive component. The mounting plate is horizontally arranged, and an L-shaped frame is vertically arranged on the side away from the first drive component. The main clamping assembly is fixedly installed on the end of the L-shaped frame away from the mounting plate.

[0009] Further optimization: The main clamping assembly includes a C-shaped plate fixedly installed at the end of the L-shaped frame away from the mounting plate. The two C-shaped plates are arranged symmetrically facing each other. Multiple flexible springs are vertically fixedly installed on the inner sides of the two C-shaped plates. The flexible springs are evenly distributed along the length and height of the C-shaped plates to form a multi-point elastic support structure. All the flexible springs on the same C-shaped plate are fixedly connected to a rectangular pressure plate at the end away from the plate. The clamping surface of the pressure plate is evenly provided with multiple semi-circular grooves. The clamping surfaces of the two pressure plates are both adhered with a rubber soft layer with a thickness of 2-3mm.

[0010] Further optimization: The flexible clamp includes a flexible frame hinged to both sides of the C-shaped plate, and the flexible frame as a whole has an arc-shaped structure that adapts to the contour of the irregular casting part; Multiple tension springs are fixedly installed on the back of the flexible frame away from the clamping side and away from the C-shaped plate. The tension springs are evenly spaced along the height direction of the C-shaped plate, and their other ends are fixedly connected to the end of the C-shaped plate. Multiple fixing rods are evenly spaced along the height direction inside the flexible frame. Auxiliary rollers are movably fitted on the outer surface of the fixing rods, and a 1mm thick rubber layer is adhered to the outer surface of the auxiliary rollers.

[0011] Further optimization: The auxiliary grinding device includes multiple electric telescopic rods fixedly installed on the back of the C-shaped plate. The power output ends of the two electric telescopic rods in each auxiliary grinding device are fixedly installed with the same connecting plate. A connecting arc plate is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting plate closest to the C-shaped plate. Multiple bushings are fixedly installed on the side of the connecting arc plate away from the connecting plate. The multiple bushings are evenly spaced along the length direction of the connecting arc plate, and the center lines of all bushings are kept coaxial.

[0012] Further optimization: The same rotating shaft is inserted into multiple bushings, the rotating shaft and the bushing are clearance-fitted, and a rotating motor is fixedly installed at one end of the connecting arc plate, and the power output end of the rotating motor is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft; The same rotating frame is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the rotating shaft in the area between two adjacent bushings. The rotating frame rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft to adjust the grinding angle.

[0013] Further optimization: The rotating frame has a groove on the side away from the connecting plate. At least two rotating rods are rotatably installed inside the groove. The two rotating rods are evenly spaced along the length of the rotating frame, and their two ends are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the groove. Small abrasive belts are tensioned and fitted on the outer surface of the two rotating rods. A second drive assembly is also provided on one side of the rotating frame. The second drive assembly includes a motor, a belt and a pulley. The second drive assembly is used to drive the two rotating rods to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the small grinding belt to circulate.

[0014] Further optimization: A control system for controlling the operation of the equipment is also provided on one side of the mounting platform. The control terminals of the dual-axis motor and the rotary motor are electrically connected to the control system, and the motor control terminal in the second drive assembly is electrically connected to the control system.

[0015] The present invention also provides a grinding method for a casting grinding device, which, based on the above-mentioned casting grinding device, includes the following steps: S1. Start the equipment through the control system, control the dual-axis motor to run, drive the two screws rotating in opposite directions to drive the two sliders to slide in opposite directions, and then drive the two main clamping groups to move in opposite directions synchronously through the mounting plate and L-shaped frame, so that the equipment enters the release position; at the same time, control the electric telescopic rod to retract, store the auxiliary grinding device to the preset initial position, and keep the annular grinding belt and the small grinding belt in the ready-to-start state. S2. Place the casting to be ground between the two main clamping groups. Control the dual-axis motor to rotate in reverse through the control system, driving the two main clamping groups to slide towards each other. The flexible spring pushes the pressure plate to fit the surface of the casting. Under the tension of the tension spring, the flexible frame adapts to the irregular contour of the casting through the auxiliary rollers, thus achieving a stable clamping of the casting. S3. Start the drive motor through the control system. The drive motor drives the active conveyor roller to rotate, which in turn drives the annular grinding belt to circulate. Maintain the clamping position of the main clamping group so that the surface of the casting is in full contact with the annular grinding belt. Utilize the grinding action of the annular grinding belt to remove the flash, burrs and oxide scale on the surface of the casting, and complete the overall grinding. S4. Based on the detailed grinding requirements of the casting, the electric telescopic rod is activated through the control system to adjust the height of the connecting plate, which in turn moves the connecting arc plate and the rotating frame, so that the small grinding belt is precisely aligned with the edges, corners, grooves and other details to be ground; the rotating motor is activated to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, which in turn moves the rotating frame to adjust the grinding angle; at the same time, the second drive component is activated to drive the rotating rod to rotate, which in turn drives the small grinding belt to circulate, thus completing the precise grinding of the detailed parts. S5. After the overall grinding and auxiliary grinding operations are completed, the drive motor, rotation motor and second drive assembly are turned off through the control system, and the annular grinding belt and small grinding belt stop running; the dual-axis motor is controlled to drive the two sets of main clamping groups to slide in opposite directions, releasing the clamping of the casting and allowing the equipment to return to the release position; the operator takes out the grinding completed casting. S6. The electric telescopic rod is retracted through the control system, which drives the auxiliary grinding device back to its initial position, preparing it for the next grinding operation.

[0016] The present invention, by adopting the above technical solution, has the following beneficial effects: This invention employs the aforementioned technical solution, achieving adaptive and stable clamping of irregularly shaped castings through the collaborative design of the main clamping assembly and the flexible chuck. The flexible springs of the main clamping assembly push the pressure plate to form multi-point elastic support. Combined with the textured rubber layer on the surface of the pressure plate, it can both conform to the workpiece surface through elastic deformation and enhance clamping friction. The flexible arc-shaped frames with elastic hinges on both sides, along with auxiliary rollers with rubber layers, can adaptively wrap around complex parts such as workpiece edges and curved surfaces, filling the clamping blind spots of the pressure plate, while avoiding surface scratches and indentations caused by rigid contact. This solves the problems of poor adaptability and easy damage to workpieces caused by traditional rigid clamping.

[0017] This invention integrates both overall grinding and detailed grinding functions. The annular grinding belt, through a stable transmission structure, achieves efficient overall grinding of burrs, flash, and oxide scale on the surface of castings. The auxiliary grinding device at the lower end of the main clamping assembly can be adjusted in height via an electric telescopic rod and in angle via a rotating motor, allowing the small grinding belt to precisely align with the edges, corners, grooves, and other detailed areas of the workpiece, eliminating the need for manual secondary grinding and significantly improving the comprehensiveness and precision of the grinding. Furthermore, the annular grinding belt uses a standardized, commercially available model, making procurement and replacement convenient. The transmission structure of the auxiliary grinding device is mature and reliable, further ensuring grinding efficiency and continuity.

[0018] Meanwhile, the first drive assembly adopts a dual-axis motor + reverse lead screw + sliding shaft guide structure, driving two main clamping groups to accurately switch between clamping / releasing positions with smooth and jerky operation. The belt-pulley transmission between the drive motor and the active conveyor roller has overload protection capabilities and is easy to install and maintain. All power components are electrically connected to the control system, achieving centralized control and timing coordination, making operation convenient. The overall structure has no complex redundant design, key components are mature and highly adaptable, resulting in a low failure rate during long-term operation and significantly reducing subsequent maintenance and component replacement costs.

[0019] Furthermore, the solution in this invention, through the combination design of a flexible clamping structure and an adjustable auxiliary grinding device, can be adapted to different materials such as cast iron, cast steel, and aluminum alloy castings, as well as various irregularly shaped castings with uneven surfaces and varying curvatures, without the need for frequent replacement of clamping or grinding components; it also supports two modes: manual picking and placing of parts and automated picking and placing of parts by a robotic arm (which can be expanded by adding a robotic arm component), which can meet the needs of small and medium batch production as well as adapt to large-scale automated production lines, greatly improving the applicability of the equipment and production flexibility.

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the overall structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding belt assembly structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding belt assembly from another perspective in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the flexible clamp structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary polishing device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the auxiliary polishing device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Mounting platform; 2. Support frame; 3. Grinding belt assembly; 4. Drive motor; 5. Clamping device; 51. Fixed connecting frame; 510. Slide groove; 52. First drive assembly; 520. Slide shaft; 521. Dual-axis motor; 522. Lead screw; 523. Slider; 53. Mounting plate; 54. L-shaped frame; 55. Main clamping assembly; 551. C-shaped plate; 552. Flexible spring; 553. Pressure plate; 5531. Semi-circular groove; 56. Flexible chuck; 560. Flexible frame; 561. Tension spring; 562. Fixed rod; 563. Auxiliary roller; 6. Auxiliary grinding device; 61. Connecting arc plate; 610. Bushing; 62. Electric telescopic rod; 63. Connecting plate; 64. Rotating frame; 641. Rotating shaft; 65. Rotating motor; 66. Rotating rod; 67. Small grinding belt; 68. Second drive assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Example 1: like Figure 1-8 As shown: A casting grinding equipment includes a mounting platform 1, a support frame 2, and a grinding belt assembly 3. The support frame 2 is fixedly mounted on the mounting platform 1, and the grinding belt assembly 3 is fixedly mounted on the support frame 2. A clamping device 5 is provided on one side of the grinding belt assembly 3. The clamping device 5 includes two sets of symmetrically arranged main clamping groups 55. The two sets of main clamping groups 55 can slide along a preset trajectory. Flexible chucks 56 are elastically hinged on both sides of each set of main clamping groups 55. Through the elastic deformation and adaptive swing of the flexible chucks 56, they can closely fit the concave and convex shape of the irregular casting and achieve stable clamping. An auxiliary grinding device 6 that can be raised, lowered, rotated and adjusted is also provided at the lower end of the main clamping group 55. An adsorption dust removal device is provided on the mounting platform 1 above the clamping device 5. The two sets of main clamping groups 55 are set with two working states: clamping station and releasing station. Clamping station: the two sets of main clamping groups 55 slide synchronously towards each other along the preset trajectory, apply a balanced clamping force to both sides of the casting, and fix the casting in a stable position. Releasing station: the two sets of main clamping groups 55 slide synchronously away from each other along the original trajectory, completely disengage from the surface of the casting, release the clamping and fixation, and facilitate the workers to quickly pick up and put away the casting.

[0024] The drive motor 4 is vertically fixed to the middle of the support frame 2 near the lower position by a motor base and fastening bolts. A reinforcing rib is added at the connection between the motor base and the support frame 2 to improve the structural stability of the drive motor 4 after installation and to avoid vibration and displacement during high-speed operation.

[0025] The grinding belt assembly 3 adopts a high-efficiency transmission conveyor belt grinding structure, which mainly consists of an active conveyor roller, a driven conveyor roller, a tension roller and an annular grinding belt.

[0026] The active conveyor roller and the driven conveyor roller are respectively mounted horizontally at both ends of the upper part of the support frame 2 via bearing seats. The tension roller is mounted on the lower position between the active conveyor roller and the driven conveyor roller via an adjustable bracket. The tension of the annular grinding belt can be adjusted in real time by adjusting the extension and retraction of the bracket, so as to ensure that the grinding belt and the conveyor roller are closely attached and there is no slippage during the grinding process.

[0027] The annular grinding belt is wrapped around the outer surface of the drive conveyor roller, driven conveyor roller and tension roller. Its surface is coated with a high-hardness wear-resistant grinding sand layer, which has a strong grinding ability.

[0028] In this embodiment, the drive motor 4 and the active conveying roller are connected by a belt-pulley transmission method to achieve power transmission. This structure provides smooth transmission, safe and convenient maintenance, and has a certain overload protection capability. The specific structure is already known in the prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0029] After the drive motor 4 starts, the rotation of the active conveyor roller drives the annular grinding belt to run synchronously in a cycle, providing stable and continuous grinding power for the overall grinding of the casting.

[0030] The annular grinding belt is a commonly used annular coated abrasive belt in the industrial grinding field. The base material is polyester cloth (X type), the abrasive is alumina, the grit size is 120#, and the width is adapted to the active and passive conveying rollers of the grinding belt assembly 3. This ensures the structural strength of the main grinding belt while also having a certain degree of flexibility, allowing it to closely fit the surface of the conveying rollers and prevent slippage and deviation during operation.

[0031] The corresponding annular coated abrasive belts have formed a mature commercial product system. The standardized models corresponding to the above core parameters (polyester cloth substrate, alumina abrasive, 120# grit) can be directly purchased from industrial consumables suppliers without the need for customized development. The procurement channels are extensive and the supply is stable. Moreover, the compatibility of products of the same specifications from different brands is consistent, which facilitates subsequent bulk purchases and rapid replacements, further reducing the time and procurement costs of equipment operation and maintenance.

[0032] A fixed connecting frame 51 is bolted to one side of the support frame 2 near the position of the grinding belt assembly 3.

[0033] The upper surface of the fixed connecting frame 51 is provided with a through-strip groove 510 along the length direction. The inner wall of the groove 510 is finely ground to ensure smooth sliding without jamming.

[0034] The area inside the fixed connection frame 51 directly below the slide groove 510 is equipped with a first drive component 52 for driving the clamping action.

[0035] The sliding end of the first drive component 52 is fixedly mounted with a mounting plate 53.

[0036] The first drive assembly 52 includes a dual-axis motor 521 that is horizontally fixedly mounted on the inner side wall of the fixed connection frame 51. The dual-axis motor 521 is a customized model with two output shafts rotating in opposite directions, which can directly output reverse rotation power.

[0037] Both output shafts of the dual-axis motor 521 are coaxially and fixedly connected to the lead screw 522 via couplings. The ends of the two lead screws 522 away from the motor are respectively mounted on the inner wall of the fixed connection frame 51 through deep groove ball bearings. Relying on the reverse output characteristics of the dual-axis motor 521, the two lead screws 522 always maintain opposite directions when they run, providing a power basis for the clamping action.

[0038] At least one sliding shaft 520 is horizontally fixedly installed at both ends inside the fixed connection frame 51. The sliding shaft 520 is arranged parallel to the lead screw 522 and located directly below the lead screw 522. Its surface is polished to reduce sliding friction resistance.

[0039] Both lead screws 522 are connected to sliders 523 by threaded connection. The two sliders 523 are simultaneously slidably sleeved on the outside of the slide shaft 520. The slide shaft 520 forms a guide limit for the sliders 523 to prevent the sliders 523 from circumferentially shifting as the lead screws 522 rotate.

[0040] With this design, after the dual-axis motor 521 starts, the two lead screws 522 rotating in opposite directions will drive the two sliders 523 to move in opposite directions or in a straight line along the slide shaft 520. Then, through the connection between the sliders 523 and the main clamping group 55, the clamping station and the release station can be quickly switched, ensuring that the clamping action is accurate, stable and efficient.

[0041] The two sliders 523 serve as the sliding ends of the first driving component 52. The upper surfaces of the two sliders 523 are integrally formed with protrusions. The width of the protrusions is precisely matched with the width of the groove 510, ensuring that the protrusions can slide smoothly along the length of the groove 510 without offset or jamming.

[0042] The mounting plate 53 is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the protrusion after passing through the slide groove 510. The mounting plate 53 is tightly fitted to the connecting surface of the protrusion and is equipped with anti-slip pads to prevent loosening due to long-term stress.

[0043] The mounting plate 53 is arranged horizontally, and an L-shaped frame 54 is arranged vertically on the side away from the first drive assembly 52. ​​The L-shaped frame 54 adopts an integral bending forming process, which has high structural strength and can stably support the weight of the main clamping assembly 55.

[0044] The main clamping assembly 55 is fixedly installed on the end of the L-shaped frame 54 away from the mounting plate 53 by bolts. The installation position is precisely aligned with the grinding area of ​​the grinding belt assembly 3 to ensure that after the main clamping assembly 55 clamps the casting, the workpiece can accurately fit the surface of the annular grinding belt 34 and ensure the grinding effect.

[0045] like Figure 5-6 As shown, the main clamping assembly 55 includes a C-shaped plate 551 that is fixedly installed on the L-shaped frame 54 away from the mounting plate 53 by bolts. The two C-shaped plates 551 are arranged symmetrically facing each other, with their opening directions opposite and precisely aligned with the grinding area of ​​the grinding belt assembly 3, ensuring that the casting can be directly connected for grinding operations after clamping.

[0046] On the inner sides of the two C-shaped plates 551 facing each other, multiple flexible springs 552 are vertically fixed. The flexible springs 552 are evenly distributed along the length and height of the C-shaped plates 551 to form a multi-point elastic support structure, which can adapt to the fitting requirements of castings with different shapes.

[0047] All the flexible springs 552 on the same C-shaped plate 551 are fixedly connected to a rectangular pressure plate 553 at the end away from the plate. Through the elastic expansion and contraction of the flexible springs 552, the pressure plate 553 can adaptively and finely adjust to the surface contour of the casting to achieve a tight fit.

[0048] The clamping surface of the pressure plate 553 is evenly provided with multiple semi-circular grooves 5531, which can increase the friction during clamping and provide clearance space for the protruding parts on the surface of the casting, thus avoiding excessive local stress. Meanwhile, the clamping surfaces of the two pressure plates 553 are coated with a rubber soft layer with a thickness of 2-3mm. Since the pressure plate 553 has multiple pre-set semi-circular grooves 5531, the rubber soft layer will naturally form a textured structure with the contour of the groove after it is attached. The texture enhances the contact friction with the surface of the casting, achieving the dual effect of flexible protection and stable clamping, and preventing the workpiece from slipping or being damaged on the surface during the grinding process.

[0049] The flexible chuck 56 includes a flexible frame 560 hinged to both sides of the C-shaped plate 551. The flexible frame 560 has an arc-shaped structure that adapts to the contour of the irregular casting and can flexibly fit the curved surface of the workpiece.

[0050] The connection between the flexible frame 560 and the C-shaped plate 551 adopts a bushing-type hinge structure, which achieves a rotatable connection through the cooperation of a pin and a round bushing. This hinge method is a mature existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0051] Multiple tension springs 561 are fixedly installed on the back side of the flexible frame 560 away from the clamping side and away from the C-shaped plate 551. The tension springs 561 are evenly spaced along the height direction of the C-shaped plate 551, and their other ends are fixedly connected to the end of the C-shaped plate 551.

[0052] In the initial state, the tension spring 561 is in a naturally extended state, which causes the two opposing flexible frames 560 to open up at the ends away from the C-shaped plate 551, making it easier to quickly insert the casting.

[0053] Multiple fixed rods 562 are evenly spaced along the height direction inside the flexible frame 560. An auxiliary roller 563 is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the fixed rod 562. The two are designed with a clearance fit to ensure that the auxiliary roller 563 can rotate flexibly on the outer surface of the fixed rod 562 without jamming.

[0054] The outer surface of the auxiliary roller 563 is coated with a rubber layer with a thickness of 1 mm. The rubber layer has a certain elasticity. Combined with the rolling characteristics of the auxiliary roller 563, it can adaptively fit the concave and convex contours of the irregular casting. Even if there are irregular protrusions or depressions on the surface of the workpiece, it can achieve close contact through the rotation of the auxiliary roller 563 and the deformation of the rubber layer, filling the clamping blind area of ​​the pressure plate 553.

[0055] With this design, the auxiliary roller 563 can roll with the slight displacement of the workpiece during placement and grinding, reducing the frictional resistance between the flexible frame 560 and the workpiece surface. This facilitates quick and accurate placement of the workpiece and avoids workpiece displacement caused by friction, ensuring the stability of the workpiece position during the grinding process.

[0056] Meanwhile, the curved flexible frame 560, combined with the rotatable auxiliary rollers 563, can form a wrap-around clamping for complex parts such as the corners and curved surfaces of the casting. That is, through the elastic deformation and adaptive swing of the flexible chuck 56, the problem that traditional rigid clamping cannot adapt to irregular structures is solved, and the overall clamping stability is further improved.

[0057] like Figure 7-8 As shown, the auxiliary polishing device 6 includes multiple electric telescopic rods 62 fixedly installed on the back of the C-shaped plate 551. In this embodiment, two electric telescopic rods 62 are configured on the back of each C-shaped plate 551, and the power output ends of the two electric telescopic rods 62 are both arranged facing downwards to ensure that the telescopic movement is synchronized and the force is balanced.

[0058] In each set of auxiliary grinding devices 6, the power output ends of the two electric telescopic rods 62 are fixedly installed with the same connecting plate 63. The connecting surface between the connecting plate 63 and the electric telescopic rod 62 is equipped with a reinforcing shim to improve the structural stability.

[0059] A connecting arc plate 61 is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting plate 63 near the C-shaped plate 551. Multiple bushings 610 are fixedly installed on the side of the connecting arc plate 61 away from the connecting plate 63. The multiple bushings 610 are evenly spaced along the length of the connecting arc plate 61, and the center lines of all bushings 610 are kept coaxial.

[0060] The same rotating shaft 641 is inserted into multiple bushings 610. The rotating shaft 641 and the bushing 610 are fitted with a clearance to ensure smooth rotation without jamming.

[0061] A rotating motor 65 is also fixedly installed at one end of the connecting arc plate 61. The power output end of the rotating motor 65 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft 641 through a coupling. With this design, starting the rotating motor 65 can drive the rotating shaft 641 to rotate stably along the bushing 610.

[0062] The outer surface of the rotating shaft 641 is located in the area between two adjacent bushings 610, and both are fixedly mounted with the same rotating frame 64 by bolts. The rotating frame 64 rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft 641 to adjust the grinding angle.

[0063] The rotating frame 64 has a groove on the side away from the connecting plate 63. At least two rotating rods 66 are rotatably installed inside the groove. The two rotating rods 66 are evenly spaced along the length of the rotating frame 64, and their two ends are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the groove through bearings.

[0064] Two rotating rods 66 are tensioned and fitted with small grinding belts 67 on their outer surfaces. In this embodiment, the surface of the small grinding belts 67 is coated with a high-hardness abrasive layer to meet the grinding requirements of the detailed parts of the casting.

[0065] A second drive assembly 68 is also provided on one side of the rotating frame 64. The second drive assembly 68 is used to drive the two rotating rods 66 to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the small grinding belt 67 to circulate.

[0066] In this embodiment, the second drive component 68 uses a combination structure of motor, belt and pulley to achieve power transmission. This transmission method and specific connection structure are existing mature technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0067] A control system for controlling the operation of the equipment is also provided on one side of the mounting platform 1, and the control terminals of the dual-axis motor 521 and the rotary motor 65 are electrically connected to the control system.

[0068] The motor control terminal in the second drive component 68 is also electrically connected to the control system.

[0069] The control principle of the control system is well known in the prior art and will not be elaborated here.

[0070] The present invention also provides a grinding method for a casting grinding device, which, based on the above-mentioned casting grinding device, includes the following steps: S1. Start the equipment through the control system, control the dual-axis motor 521 to run, drive the two screws 522 that rotate in opposite directions to drive the two sliders 523 to slide in opposite directions, and then drive the two main clamping groups 55 to move in opposite directions synchronously through the mounting plate 53 and L-shaped frame 54, so that the equipment enters the release position; at the same time, control the electric telescopic rod 62 to retract, and store the auxiliary grinding device 6 to the preset initial position, and keep the annular grinding belt and the small grinding belt 67 in the ready-to-start state; S2. Place the casting to be ground between the two main clamping groups 55. Control the dual-axis motor 521 to rotate in reverse through the control system, driving the two main clamping groups 55 to slide towards each other. The flexible spring 552 pushes the pressure plate 553 to fit against the surface of the casting. Under the tension of the tension spring 561, the flexible frame 560 adapts to the irregular contour of the casting through the auxiliary roller 563, so as to achieve stable clamping of the casting. S3. Start the drive motor 4 through the control system. Drive motor 4 drives the active conveyor roller to rotate through belt-pulley transmission, which in turn drives the annular grinding belt to circulate. Maintain the clamping position of the main clamping group 55 so that the surface of the casting is in full contact with the annular grinding belt. Utilize the grinding action of the annular grinding belt to remove the flash, burrs and oxide scale on the surface of the casting, and complete the overall grinding. S4. According to the detailed grinding requirements of the casting, the electric telescopic rod 62 is activated through the control system to adjust the height of the connecting plate 63, which drives the connecting arc plate 61 and the rotating frame 64 to move, so that the small grinding belt 67 is precisely aligned with the edges, corners, grooves and other details to be ground; the rotating motor 65 is activated to drive the rotating shaft 641 to rotate, which drives the rotating frame 64 to adjust the grinding angle; at the same time, the second drive component 68 is activated to drive the rotating rod 66 to rotate, which drives the small grinding belt 67 to circulate and complete the precise grinding of the details. S5. After the overall grinding and auxiliary grinding operations are completed, the drive motor 4, the rotation motor 65 and the second drive assembly 68 are turned off by the control system, and the annular grinding belt and the small grinding belt 67 stop running; the dual-axis motor 521 is controlled to drive the two sets of main clamping groups 55 to slide in opposite directions, release the clamping of the casting, and restore the equipment to the release position; the operator takes out the grinding completed casting. S6. The electric telescopic rod 62 is retracted by the control system, which drives the auxiliary grinding device 6 back to its initial position, preparing for the next grinding operation.

[0071] Example 2: The core structure, grinding principle, and control system of the casting grinding equipment in this embodiment 2 are the same as those in embodiment 1. The main difference is that the manual picking and placing of parts is eliminated, and an industrial robot is used to realize the automated picking and placing of casting parts, so as to improve work efficiency, reduce manual intervention, and adapt to batch automated production scenarios.

[0072] On the side of the mounting platform 1 away from the clamping device 5, a robotic arm (not shown in the figure) is fixedly installed. The control end of the robotic arm is electrically connected to the control system on the mounting platform 1 to achieve time-series coordinated control with the power components of the grinding equipment. It can preset the robotic arm's picking path, placing position, clamping force and action sequence to ensure that the robotic arm's picking and placing actions are precisely coordinated with the clamping / releasing actions of the main clamping group 55 without interference.

[0073] The robotic arm is a multi-degree-of-freedom industrial robotic arm, which can be obtained commercially. The end effector of the robotic arm is a pneumatic gripper adapted to the shape of the casting. The inner side of the gripper is attached with a flexible rubber pad to avoid damaging the surface of the casting during the gripping process.

[0074] The present invention also provides a grinding method for a casting grinding device, which, based on the above-mentioned casting grinding device, includes the following steps: L1. Start the equipment through the control system, so that the main clamping group 55 enters the release position; at the same time, control the electric telescopic rod 62 to retract, and store the auxiliary grinding device 6 to the preset initial position. The annular grinding belt and the small grinding belt 67 remain in the ready-to-start state, and the robot returns to the safe waiting position. L2. The control system sends a pick-up signal to the robot arm. The robot arm moves along the preset path to the external loading platform. The pneumatic gripper adjusts the gripping opening according to the size of the casting to be ground. After accurately gripping the casting, it moves along the preset path to the preset placement position between the main gripping groups 55. The pneumatic gripper slowly releases and places the casting stably in the gripping area formed by the pressure plate 553 and the flexible chuck 56 of the two main gripping groups 55. After the casting is placed in place, it sends a positioning signal to the control system. L3. After receiving the positioning signal, the control system controls the dual-axis motor 521 to rotate in reverse, driving the two main clamping groups 55 to slide towards each other; the flexible spring 552 pushes the pressure plate 553 to fit against the surface of the casting, and the flexible frame 560, under the tension of the tension spring 561, adapts to the irregular contour of the casting through the auxiliary roller 563 to achieve stable clamping of the casting; after clamping is completed, the control system sends a signal to the robot arm, and the robot arm retreats to the safe waiting position along the avoidance path; L4. Start the drive motor 4 through the control system. Drive motor 4 drives the active conveyor roller to rotate through belt-pulley transmission, which in turn drives the annular grinding belt to circulate. Maintain the clamping position of the main clamping group 55 so that the surface of the casting is in full contact with the annular grinding belt. Utilize the grinding action of the annular grinding belt to remove the flash, burrs and oxide scale on the surface of the casting, and complete the overall grinding operation. L5. Based on the detailed grinding requirements of the casting, the electric telescopic rod 62 is activated through the control system to adjust the height of the connecting plate 63, thereby moving the connecting arc plate 61 and the rotating frame 64, so that the small grinding belt 67 is precisely aligned with the edges, corners, grooves and other detailed parts to be ground; the rotating motor 65 is activated to drive the rotating shaft 641 to rotate, thereby adjusting the rotating frame 64 to the appropriate grinding angle; at the same time, the motor in the second drive assembly 68 is activated to drive the rotating rod 66 to rotate, thereby driving the small grinding belt 67 to circulate and complete the precise grinding of the detailed parts; L6. After the overall grinding and auxiliary grinding operations are completed, the drive motor 4, the rotation motor 65 and the motor in the second drive assembly 68 are turned off by the control system, and the annular grinding belt and the small grinding belt 67 stop running; then the dual-axis motor 521 is controlled to run, driving the two sets of main clamping groups 55 to slide in opposite directions, releasing the clamping of the casting, and the main clamping group 55 returns to the release position. L7. The control system sends a feeding signal to the robot arm. The robot arm moves along the preset path to the clamping area of ​​the main clamping group 55. The pneumatic gripper accurately picks up the polished casting and moves along the avoidance path to the external feeding platform. The pneumatic gripper releases and places the casting smoothly on the feeding platform, completing the feeding action.

[0075] In this embodiment 2, the specific installation structure, layout, and control principle of the robotic arm are already well known in the prior art, and will not be described in detail here.

[0076] Example 3: Based on Embodiments 1 and 2, a casting grinding equipment has an adsorption dust removal device installed on the mounting platform 1 above the clamping device 5. A closed protective cover is added directly above the clamping device 5. The protective cover adopts a frame structure and is encapsulated with a transparent acrylic plate to ensure dust sealing and facilitate the operator's observation of the internal grinding status and workpiece clamping. The bottom of the protective cover is sealed and fixed to the surface of the mounting platform 1 and the upper end face of the fixed connection frame 51 by bolts. Rubber sealing gaskets are added at the connection to prevent dust from leaking from the gaps.

[0077] When the protective cover is designed for manual handling, an automatic double-door is installed on the side closest to the operator. When it is designed for handling by a robotic arm, an automatic double-door is installed on the side where the robotic arm is installed. The double-door adopts a double-leaf symmetrical design. The two sides of the double-door are slidably connected to the frame of the protective cover via slide rails. The top is equipped with synchronous drive cylinders (two sets, corresponding to the two door panels respectively). The control end of the cylinder is electrically connected to the equipment control system via a solenoid valve to realize the automatic opening and closing of the double-door, which is compatible with manual handling.

[0078] A circular dust suction port is opened on the lower part of one side wall of the protective cover. A metal protective mesh (5mm aperture) is installed inside the dust suction port to prevent large particles of debris from entering the dust collection pipeline. The dust suction port is connected to the air inlet of the bag dust collector through a corrugated hose. The corrugated hose is made of wear-resistant and anti-static material, and its length is adapted according to the installation space (leaving a certain amount of room for movement to avoid pulling when the equipment is running).

[0079] The baghouse dust collector is fixedly installed on the right side of the ground on mounting platform 1 (secured with anchor bolts). It is equipped with membrane filter bags (1μm filtration accuracy) to efficiently trap grinding dust (such as cast iron dust, aluminum alloy dust, etc.). A centrifugal fan is connected in series at the air inlet of the baghouse dust collector; the fan power is selected as 1.5kW, with a rated air volume of 3000m³. 3 / h, ensuring a stable negative pressure inside the protective cover to quickly remove the dust generated during grinding.

[0080] The adsorption dust removal device starts 30 seconds before grinding begins and stops 60 seconds after grinding ends. It forms a synergistic system with the fully enclosed design of the protective cover and the high-efficiency purification function of the bag filter: the protective cover can achieve airtight isolation of the grinding area to prevent dust from escaping and spreading; the bag filter uses high-precision filter material to intercept, collect and purify dust throughout the entire process, cutting off the dust pollution path at the source, effectively protecting the workshop working environment from pollution and comprehensively protecting the health of operators.

[0081] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A casting grinding device, comprising a mounting platform (1), a support frame (2), and a grinding belt assembly (3), wherein the support frame (2) is fixedly mounted on the mounting platform (1), and the grinding belt assembly (3) is fixedly mounted on the support frame (2), characterized in that: The grinding belt assembly (3) is provided with a clamping device (5) on one side. The clamping device (5) includes two sets of symmetrically arranged main clamping groups (55). The two sets of main clamping groups (55) can slide along a preset trajectory. Each set of main clamping groups (55) has flexible chucks (56) elastically hinged on both sides. Through the elastic deformation and adaptive swing of the flexible chucks (56), they can closely fit the concave and convex shape of the irregular casting and achieve stable clamping. The lower end of the main clamping group (55) is also provided with an auxiliary grinding device (6) that can be raised, lowered and rotated. An adsorption dust removal device is provided on the mounting platform (1) above the clamping device (5). The two sets of main clamping groups (55) are set to two working states: clamping station and releasing station. Clamping station: the two sets of main clamping groups (55) slide synchronously towards each other along the preset trajectory, applying a balanced clamping force to both sides of the casting. Releasing station: the two sets of main clamping groups (55) slide synchronously away from each other along the original trajectory, completely disengaging from the surface of the casting and releasing the clamping fixation.

2. The casting grinding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixed connecting frame (51) is fixedly installed on one side of the support frame (2) near the grinding belt assembly (3). Inside the fixed connecting frame (51), in the lower area, a first driving assembly (52) for driving the clamping action is assembled.

3. The casting grinding equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sliding end of the first drive assembly (52) is fixedly mounted with an installation plate (53). The installation plate (53) is horizontally arranged, and an L-shaped frame (54) is vertically arranged on the side away from the first drive assembly (52). The main clamping group (55) is fixedly installed on the end of the L-shaped frame (54) away from the installation plate (53).

4. The casting grinding equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The main clamping assembly (55) includes a C-shaped plate (551) fixedly installed at the end of the L-shaped frame (54) away from the mounting plate (53). The two C-shaped plates (551) are arranged symmetrically facing each other. Multiple flexible springs (552) are vertically fixedly installed on the inner sides of the two C-shaped plates (551). The flexible springs (552) are evenly distributed along the length and height of the C-shaped plate (551) to form a multi-point elastic support structure. All the flexible springs (552) on the same C-shaped plate (551) are fixedly connected to a rectangular pressure plate (553) at the end away from the plate. The clamping surface of the pressure plate (553) is evenly provided with multiple semi-circular grooves (5531). The clamping surfaces of the two pressure plates (553) are both adhered with a rubber soft layer with a thickness of 2-3mm.

5. The casting grinding equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flexible clamp (56) includes a flexible frame (560) hinged to both sides of the C-shaped plate (551), and the flexible frame (560) has an arc-shaped structure that adapts to the contour of the irregular casting. Multiple tension springs (561) are fixedly installed on the back of the flexible frame (560) away from the clamping side and away from the C-shaped plate (551). The tension springs (561) are evenly spaced along the height direction of the C-shaped plate (551), and their other ends are fixedly connected to the end of the C-shaped plate (551). Multiple fixing rods (562) are evenly spaced along the height direction inside the flexible frame (560). An auxiliary roller (563) is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the fixing rod (562). A rubber layer with a thickness of 1 mm is adhered to the outer surface of the auxiliary roller (563).

6. The casting grinding equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The auxiliary polishing device (6) includes multiple electric telescopic rods (62) fixedly installed on the back of the C-shaped plate (551). The power output ends of two electric telescopic rods (62) in each auxiliary polishing device (6) are fixedly installed with the same connecting plate (63). A connecting arc plate (61) is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting plate (63) close to the C-shaped plate (551). Multiple bushings (610) are fixedly installed on the side of the connecting arc plate (61) away from the connecting plate (63). The multiple bushings (610) are evenly spaced along the length direction of the connecting arc plate (61), and the center lines of all bushings (610) remain coaxial.

7. The casting grinding equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The same rotating shaft (641) is inserted into multiple bushings (610). The rotating shaft (641) and the bushing (610) are in clearance fit. A rotating motor (65) is also fixedly installed at one end of the connecting arc plate (61). The power output end of the rotating motor (65) is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft (641). The same rotating frame (64) is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the rotating shaft (641) in the area between two adjacent bushings (610). The rotating frame (64) rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft (641) to adjust the grinding angle.

8. The casting grinding equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rotating frame (64) has a groove on the side away from the connecting plate (63). At least two rotating rods (66) are rotatably installed inside the groove. The two rotating rods (66) are evenly spaced along the length of the rotating frame (64), and their two ends are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the groove. Small grinding belts (67) are tensioned and fitted on the outer surface of the two rotating rods (66). A second drive assembly (68) is also provided on one side of the rotating frame (64). The second drive assembly (68) includes a motor, a belt and a pulley. The second drive assembly (68) is used to drive the two rotating rods (66) to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the small grinding belt (67) to circulate.

9. A casting grinding device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A control system for controlling the operation of the equipment is also provided on one side of the mounting platform (1). The control terminals of the dual-axis motor (521) and the rotary motor (65) are electrically connected to the control system, and the motor control terminal in the second drive assembly (68) is electrically connected to the control system.

10. A grinding method for a casting grinding equipment, based on the casting grinding equipment described in claim 9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Start the equipment through the control system, control the dual-axis motor (521) to run, drive the two screws (522) that rotate in opposite directions to drive the two sliders (523) to slide in opposite directions, and then drive the two main clamping groups (55) to move in opposite directions synchronously through the mounting plate (53) and L-shaped frame (54) so ​​that the equipment enters the release position; at the same time, control the electric telescopic rod (62) to retract, and store the auxiliary grinding device (6) in the preset initial position, and keep the annular grinding belt and the small grinding belt (67) in the ready-to-start state; S2. Place the casting to be ground between the two main clamping groups (55), and control the dual-axis motor (521) to run in reverse through the control system to drive the two main clamping groups (55) to slide towards each other; the flexible spring (552) pushes the pressure plate (553) to fit against the surface of the casting, and the flexible frame (560) adapts to the irregular contour of the casting through the auxiliary roller (563) under the tension of the tension spring (561) to achieve stable clamping of the casting; S3. Start the drive motor (4) through the control system. The drive motor (4) drives the active conveyor roller to rotate, which in turn drives the annular grinding belt to circulate. Keep the main clamping group (55) in the clamping position so that the surface of the casting is in full contact with the annular grinding belt. Use the grinding action of the annular grinding belt to remove the flash, burrs and oxide scale on the surface of the casting and complete the overall grinding. S4. According to the detailed grinding requirements of the casting, the electric telescopic rod (62) is started through the control system to adjust the height of the connecting plate (63), which drives the connecting arc plate (61) and the rotating frame (64) to move, so that the small grinding belt (67) is precisely aligned with the corners, grooves and other detailed parts to be ground; the rotating motor (65) is started to drive the rotating shaft (641) to rotate, which drives the rotating frame (64) to adjust the grinding angle; at the same time, the second drive assembly (68) is started to drive the rotating rod (66) to rotate, which drives the small grinding belt (67) to circulate and complete the precise grinding of the detailed parts; S5. After the overall grinding and auxiliary grinding operations are completed, the drive motor (4), the rotating motor (65) and the second drive assembly (68) are turned off by the control system, and the annular grinding belt and the small grinding belt (67) stop running; the dual-axis motor (521) is controlled to drive the two sets of main clamping groups (55) to slide in opposite directions, release the clamping of the casting, and restore the equipment to the release position. The operator takes out the grinding completed casting. S6. Control the electric telescopic rod (62) to retract through the control system, and drive the auxiliary grinding device (6) back to the initial position to prepare for the next grinding operation.

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