Thermal management system of electric truck

Abstract

The invention discloses a thermal management system of an electric truck. The thermal management system of the electric truck comprises an air conditioner compressor refrigeration subsystem, a battery liquid cooling subsystem and an electrically-driven cooling liquid subsystem, the battery liquid cooling subsystem comprises a battery pack, and the battery pack is sequentially connected with an electric heater, a first battery cooler, a first battery water pump, a first multi-way water valve and a second multi-way water valve in series to form a first battery heat exchange loop. The battery pack is sequentially connected with a second battery water pump and a second battery cooler in series through a second multi-way water valve to form a second battery heat exchange loop, the first battery heat exchange loop is coupled with the air conditioner compressor refrigeration subsystem through a first battery cooler, and the first battery heat exchange loop is coupled with the electric drive cooling liquid subsystem through a first multi-way water valve. And the battery heat exchange loop II is coupled with a battery auxiliary cooling refrigerant subsystem through a battery cooler II. The problem that in the prior art, the heat dissipation requirement during charging of a heavy truck battery pack cannot be met is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle thermal management system technology, and in particular to a thermal management system for an electric truck. Background Technology

[0002] An earlier application, with application number 2025223542906 and titled "A Multi-Source Thermal Management System for New Energy Vehicles," discloses a scenario involving fast charging while the vehicle is parked and battery cooling. In this scenario, the battery heat exchange circuit transfers heat from the battery to the refrigerant circuit via a battery cooler. The refrigerant circuit then transfers heat to the heating circuit via a water cooler. The coolant in the heating circuit transfers some heat to the electric drive cooling circuit via a water-to-water cooler. The heat remaining in the heating circuit exchanges with the outside environment via an air conditioning low-temperature water tank. The heat entering the electric drive cooling circuit exchanges with the outside environment via a motor low-temperature water tank. Both the air conditioning and motor low-temperature water tanks operate simultaneously to cool the battery. Because the battery pack capacity of pure electric passenger vehicles is small and the heat load during charging is low, this multi-source thermal management system for new energy vehicles can achieve good cooling performance under the above conditions, thus meeting the battery cooling requirements during charging. However, the battery pack capacity of pure electric heavy-duty trucks is large, and the heat load during charging is much greater. Therefore, the cooling capacity of this multi-source thermal management system for new energy vehicles will not meet the usage requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a thermal management system for electric trucks that can provide strong cooling capabilities during charging, thereby meeting the heat dissipation requirements of the battery pack during charging.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the thermal management system for the electric truck of the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A thermal management system for an electric truck includes an air conditioning compressor refrigeration subsystem, a battery liquid cooling subsystem, and an electric drive coolant subsystem. The battery liquid cooling subsystem includes a battery pack. The battery pack forms a battery heat exchange circuit one by connecting an electric heater, a battery cooler one, a battery water pump one, a multi-way water valve one, and a multi-way water valve two in series. The battery pack forms a battery heat exchange circuit two by connecting a battery water pump two and a battery cooler two in series via a multi-way water valve two. The battery heat exchange circuit one is coupled to the air conditioning compressor refrigeration subsystem through the battery cooler one. The battery heat exchange circuit one is coupled to the electric drive coolant system through the multi-way water valve one. The battery heat exchange circuit two is coupled to a battery auxiliary cooling refrigerant subsystem through the battery cooler two.

[0006] Preferably, the battery-assisted cooling refrigerant subsystem includes a secondary compressor, one end of which is connected to the second battery cooler and the other end is connected to a first water condenser. The first water condenser is connected to the second battery cooler through a storage tank. A control valve is installed on the pipeline connecting the storage tank and the second battery cooler. The battery-assisted cooling refrigerant subsystem is coupled to the electrically driven coolant subsystem through the first water condenser.

[0007] Preferably, the electric drive coolant subsystem includes an electric drive system. One end of the electric drive system is connected to a multi-way water valve, and the other end is connected to a motor low-temperature water tank. The motor low-temperature water tank is connected to a multi-way water valve, which is connected to an empty pipe and a motor water pump. One end of the empty pipe is connected to the multi-way water valve, and the other end is connected to the pipeline connecting the electric drive system and the motor low-temperature water tank. One end of the motor water pump is connected to the multi-way water valve, and the other end is connected to a water condenser. The water condenser is connected to the multi-way water valve.

[0008] Preferably, the air conditioning compressor refrigeration subsystem includes a refrigerant circuit, which includes a main compressor. The main compressor is connected to a water condenser, which is connected to a control valve and a control valve in parallel. The control valve is connected in series with an air conditioning evaporator, and the control valve is connected in series with a battery cooler. The air conditioning evaporator and the battery cooler are connected in parallel and then connected to the main compressor through a gas-liquid separator. The refrigerant circuit is coupled to a heating circuit through the water condenser. The heating circuit includes a parallel air conditioning heating core and an air conditioning low-temperature water tank. One end of the parallel connection between the air conditioning heating core and the air conditioning low-temperature water tank is connected to the water condenser through a multi-way water valve, and the other end of the parallel connection between the air conditioning heating core and the air conditioning low-temperature water tank is connected to the water condenser through an air conditioning water pump.

[0009] Preferably, the battery pack is connected in parallel with an empty pipe II, one end of which is connected to a multi-way water valve II, and the other end is connected in parallel with the battery pack and then connected to an electric heater.

[0010] Preferably, the multi-way water valve one and multi-way water valve two are four-way proportional water valves, and the multi-way water valve three and multi-way water valve four are three-way proportional valves.

[0011] Preferably, the control valve one, control valve two, and control valve three are all electronic expansion valves.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0013] 1. When the battery is parked and charging, the battery auxiliary cooling refrigerant subsystem is activated to provide strong cooling capacity, thereby meeting the heat dissipation requirements of the battery pack during charging.

[0014] 2. Both the air conditioning compressor refrigeration subsystem and the electric drive coolant subsystem can participate in the cooling of the battery pack through the battery heat exchange circuit, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the battery pack during charging and reducing energy consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal management system of the electric truck of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is the working principle diagram for working condition one.

[0017] Figure 3 This is the working principle diagram for working condition two.

[0018] Figure 4 This is the working principle diagram for working condition three.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of a three-electric drive system under operating conditions when there is excessive waste heat.

[0020] Figure 6 This is the working principle diagram for working condition four.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of multi-temperature zone control required for operating condition four.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the air conditioning compressor refrigeration subsystem in operating condition four, which cannot meet the simultaneous cooling requirements of the battery pack and the air conditioner.

[0023] Figure 9 This is the working principle diagram for working condition five.

[0024] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the electric drive system and battery pack waste heat recovery in operating condition 6.

[0025] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the electric drive system and battery pack waste heat recovery under operating condition six.

[0026] Figure 12 This is the working principle diagram for working condition seven.

[0027] The system comprises: 1. Air conditioning compressor refrigeration subsystem, 11. Main compressor, 12. Water condenser II, 13. Control valve II, 14. Control valve III, 15. Air conditioning evaporator, 16. Air conditioning heater core, 17. Air conditioning low-temperature water tank, 18. Multi-port water valve IV, 19. Air conditioning water pump; 2. Battery liquid cooling subsystem, 21. Battery pack, 22. Electric heater, 23. Battery cooler I, 24. Battery water pump I, 25. Multi-port water valve I, 26. Multi-port water valve II, 27. Battery water pump II, 28. Battery cooler II, 29. Air pipe II; 3. Electric drive coolant subsystem, 31. Electric drive system, 32. Motor low-temperature water tank, 33. Multi-port water valve III, 34. Air pipe I, 35. Motor water pump; 4. Battery auxiliary cooling refrigerant subsystem, 41. Auxiliary compressor, 42. Water condenser I, 43. Liquid receiver tank, 44. Control valve I. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. After reading the present invention, any modifications of the present invention in various equivalent forms by those skilled in the art will fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0029] like Figure 1As shown, a thermal management system for an electric truck includes an air conditioning compressor refrigeration subsystem 1, a battery liquid cooling subsystem 2, and an electric drive coolant subsystem 3. The battery liquid cooling subsystem 2 includes a battery pack 21. The battery pack 21 forms a battery heat exchange circuit one by sequentially connecting an electric heater 22, a battery cooler 23, a battery water pump 24, a multi-way water valve 25, and a multi-way water valve 26. The multi-way water valves 25 and 26 are four-way proportional water valves. The battery pack 21 forms a battery heat exchange circuit two by sequentially connecting a battery water pump 27 and a battery cooler 28 via the multi-way water valve 26. The battery pack 21 is connected in parallel to an empty pipe 29. One end of the empty pipe 29 is connected to the multi-way water valve 26, and the other end is connected in parallel with the battery pack 21 and then to the electric heater 22. Heat exchange circuit one is coupled to air conditioning compressor refrigeration subsystem 1 via battery cooler one 23. Air conditioning compressor refrigeration subsystem 1 includes a refrigerant circuit, which includes a main compressor 11. The main compressor 11 is connected to water condenser two 12. Water condenser two 12 is connected to control valve two 13 and control valve three 14 in parallel. Control valve two 13 is connected in series with air conditioning evaporator 15. Control valve three 14 is connected in series with battery cooler one 23. Air conditioning evaporator 15 and battery cooler one 23 are connected in parallel and then connected to main compressor 11 via gas-liquid separator. The refrigerant circuit is coupled to a heating circuit via water condenser two 12. The heating circuit includes air conditioning heating core 16 and air conditioning low-temperature water tank 17 connected in parallel. One end of the air conditioning heating core 16 and air conditioning low-temperature water tank 17 connected in parallel is connected to a multi-channel water... Valve 18 is connected to water condenser 2. The other end of the parallel connection between the air conditioning heating core 16 and the air conditioning low-temperature water tank 17 is connected to water condenser 2 12 via air conditioning water pump 19. Battery heat exchange circuit 1 is coupled to electric drive coolant subsystem 3 via multi-way water valve 25. Battery heat exchange circuit 2 is coupled to battery auxiliary cooling refrigerant subsystem 4 via battery cooler 2 28. Battery auxiliary cooling refrigerant subsystem 4 includes auxiliary compressor 41. One end of auxiliary compressor 41 is connected to battery cooler 2 28, and the other end is connected to water condenser 1 42. Water condenser 1 42 is connected to battery cooler 2 28 via liquid storage tank 43. Control valve 1 44 is installed on the pipeline connecting liquid storage tank 43 and battery cooler 2 28. Control valve 1, control valve 2, and control valve 3 are all electronically expanded. The battery-assisted cooling refrigerant subsystem 4 is coupled to the electrically driven coolant subsystem 3 via a water condenser 42. The electrically driven coolant subsystem 3 includes an electric drive system 31. One end of the electric drive system 31 is connected to a multi-way water valve 25, and the other end is connected to a motor low-temperature water tank 32. The motor low-temperature water tank 32 is connected to a multi-way water valve 33. The multi-way water valves 3 and 4 are three-way proportional valves. The multi-way water valve 33 is connected to an empty pipe 34 and a motor water pump 35, respectively. One end of the empty pipe 34 is connected to the multi-way water valve 33, and the other end is connected to the pipeline connecting the electric drive system 31 and the motor low-temperature water tank 32. One end of the motor water pump 35 is connected to the multi-way water valve 33, and the other end is connected to the water condenser 42. The water condenser 42 is connected to the multi-way water valve 25.

[0030] The specific working process and principle of the thermal management system for electric trucks of the present invention include the following application scenarios:

[0031] Operating Condition 1: Charging in a low-temperature environment, with simultaneous heating of the battery pack and the passenger compartment.

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, under this operating condition, the electric drive system has little residual heat and no utilization value. The C port of the multi-way water valve 25 is connected to the A port, and the B port of the multi-way water valve 25 is connected to the D port, thereby separating the electric drive coolant subsystem 3 and the battery liquid cooling subsystem 2. The B port of the multi-way water valve 18 is connected to the A port, and the C port of the multi-way water valve 26 is connected to the A port. The electric heater 22 is turned on to raise the temperature of the coolant in the battery liquid cooling subsystem. The battery pack 21 absorbs heat and rises in temperature. At the same time, the battery liquid cooling subsystem transfers heat to the refrigerant circuit through the battery cooler 23. The refrigerant circuit transfers heat to the heating circuit through the water condenser 12. The air conditioning water pump 19 pumps the heated coolant in the water condenser 12 into the air conditioning heating core 16. The air conditioning outlet discharges warm air, and the passenger compartment is heated.

[0033] Operating Condition 2: Driving in low-temperature environments, with heating for the battery pack and passenger compartment.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, under this operating condition, due to the low ambient temperature, the battery pack 21 still requires heating. The waste heat of the electric drive system 31 can be recovered. The C port of the multi-way water valve 25 is connected to the D port, and the B port of the multi-way water valve 25 is connected to the A port, thereby connecting the electric drive coolant subsystem 3 and the battery liquid cooling subsystem 2 in series. The C port of the multi-way water valve 33 is connected to the A port, the B port of the multi-way water valve 4 18 is connected to the A port, and the C port of the multi-way water valve 26 is connected to the A port. The electric heater 22 is turned off, and the coolant in the electric drive coolant subsystem 3 carries the heat generated by the operation of the electric drive system 31 to the battery liquid cooling subsystem 2, raising the temperature of the battery pack 21. At the same time, the battery cooler 23 transfers the heat to the refrigerant circuit, and the refrigerant circuit transfers the heat to the heating circuit through the water condenser 2 12. The air conditioning water pump 19 pumps the heated coolant in the water condenser 2 12 into the air conditioning heating core 16, and the air conditioning outlet discharges warm air, raising the temperature of the passenger compartment.

[0035] Operating Condition 3: Low-temperature driving environment, passenger compartment heating

[0036] like Figure 4 As shown, after running in operating condition 2 for a period of time, the battery pack 21 reaches a certain operating temperature and there is no need for heating. The d port of the multi-way water valve 26 is connected to the a port, and the use of the residual heat of the electric drive system 31 to heat the battery pack 21 is stopped.

[0037] If the electric drive system 31 has excessive residual heat at this time, such as Figure 5 As shown, the c port of the multi-way water valve 33 is connected to the b port, which dissipates excess heat in the electric drive coolant subsystem 3 into the air through the motor low-temperature water tank 32.

[0038] Operating Condition 4: High-Temperature Environment Driving – Battery Cooling, Passenger Cabin Cooling, and Electric Drive System Cooling

[0039] like Figure 6 As shown, under this operating condition, the C port of multi-way water valve 25 is connected to the A port, and the B port of multi-way water valve 25 is connected to the D port, thereby separating the electric drive coolant subsystem 3 and the battery liquid cooling subsystem 2. The C port of multi-way water valve 33 is connected to the B port, and the heat in the electric drive coolant subsystem 3 is dissipated into the air through the motor low-temperature water tank 32. The C port of multi-way water valve 18 is connected to the A port, and the C port of multi-way water valve 26 is connected to the A port, shutting off the electric heater 22. The refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit is transformed into a high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous state by the main compressor 11, and the gaseous refrigeration... The refrigerant releases heat through the water condenser 12, condensing from a gaseous state into a medium-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The air conditioning low-temperature water tank 17 continuously cools the water condenser 12 through the air conditioning water pump 19. The medium-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant forms low-temperature, low-pressure mist droplets through control valves 13 and 14 respectively. The low-temperature, low-pressure mist droplets formed by control valve 13 enter the air conditioning evaporator 15 to evaporate and absorb heat, cooling the passenger compartment. The low-temperature, low-pressure mist droplets formed by control valve 14 enter the battery cooler 23 to evaporate and absorb heat, carrying away the heat in the battery liquid cooling subsystem 2, cooling the battery pack 21.

[0040] like Figure 7 As shown, if multi-temperature zone control is required, the b and a ports of the multi-channel water valve 18 can be connected and proportionally adjusted to allow some coolant to enter the air conditioning heating core 16. By adjusting the temperature mode damper of the air conditioning unit to achieve the ratio of air mixing and different air outlet temperatures of different air outlets of the air conditioning unit, multi-temperature zone control of the passenger compartment can be achieved.

[0041] like Figure 8 As shown, if the air conditioning compressor refrigeration subsystem 1 cannot meet the simultaneous cooling needs of the battery pack and the air conditioner, the C and B ports of the multi-way water valve 26 are connected to start the battery auxiliary cooling refrigerant subsystem 4. The refrigerant in the battery auxiliary cooling refrigerant subsystem 4 is changed from the auxiliary compressor 41 to a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous state. The gaseous refrigerant releases heat through the water condenser 42 and condenses from the gaseous state into a medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The motor low-temperature water tank 32 continuously cools the water condenser 42 through the motor water pump 35. The medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant forms low-temperature and low-pressure mist droplets through the control valve 44 and enters the battery cooler 28 to evaporate and absorb heat, carrying away the heat in the battery heat exchange circuit 2, thus providing dual cooling for the battery pack 21.

[0042] V. In low-temperature environments, the air conditioner absorbs heat from the outside environment for heating.

[0043] like Figure 9 As shown, when there is no residual heat available in the electric drive system and battery, the C and D ports of multi-way water valve 1 25 are connected, the B and A ports of multi-way water valve 1 25 are connected, the C and B ports of multi-way water valve 33 are connected, the D and A ports of multi-way water valve 26 are connected, and the B and A ports of multi-way water valve 4 18 are connected. The motor low-temperature water tank 32 absorbs external heat and transfers the heat to the refrigerant circuit through the battery cooler 1 23. The refrigerant circuit then transfers the heat to the warm air circuit through the water condenser 2 12, thus achieving air conditioning heating.

[0044] 6. Air conditioning heating after parking

[0045] like Figure 10 As shown, after the battery pack and electric drive system have been working for a long time, there is a lot of residual heat. The C and D ports of the multi-way water valve 25 are connected, the B and A ports of the multi-way water valve 25 are connected, the C and A ports of the multi-way water valve 33 are connected, the C and A ports of the multi-way water valve 26 are connected, and the B and A ports of the multi-way water valve 418 are connected. The residual heat of the battery pack 21 and electric drive system 31 is transferred to the refrigerant circuit through the battery cooler 23. The refrigerant circuit transfers the heat to the heating circuit through the water condenser 12 to achieve air conditioning heating.

[0046] like Figure 11 As shown, when the temperature of the battery pack 21 and the electric drive system 31 drops to a certain value, the c port of the multi-way water valve 25 is connected to the a port, the b port of the multi-way water valve 25 is connected to the d port, and the d port of the multi-way water valve 26 is connected to the a port. The electric heater 22 is turned on to increase the temperature of the coolant in the battery liquid cooling subsystem 2. At the same time, the battery cooler 23 transfers heat to the refrigerant circuit. The refrigerant circuit transfers heat to the heating circuit through the water condenser 12. The air conditioning water pump 19 pumps the heated coolant in the water condenser 12 into the air conditioning heating core 16. The air conditioning outlet discharges warm air, and the passenger compartment is heated.

[0047] 7. Fast charging while parked, battery cooling

[0048] like Figure 12As shown, battery pack 21 generates a significant amount of heat, requiring powerful cooling capabilities. The C and D ports of multi-way water valve 1 25 are connected, as are the B and A ports. The C and A ports of multi-way water valve 26 are also connected, along with the C and B ports. The C and B ports of multi-way water valve 33 and multi-way water valve 4 are connected. Simultaneously, the air conditioning compressor refrigeration subsystem 1 and the battery auxiliary cooling refrigerant subsystem 4 cool battery pack 21.

[0049] This invention also has other applications, which will not be listed one by one, and can meet the needs of use in all scenarios.

[0050] The detailed description listed above is merely a specific description of feasible embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal management system for an electric truck, comprising an air conditioning compressor refrigeration subsystem, a battery liquid cooling subsystem, and an electric drive coolant subsystem, characterized in that: The battery liquid cooling subsystem includes a battery pack. The battery pack forms a battery heat exchange circuit one by connecting an electric heater, a battery cooler one, a battery water pump one, a multi-way water valve one, and a multi-way water valve two in series. The battery pack forms a battery heat exchange circuit two by connecting a battery water pump two and a battery cooler two in series via a multi-way water valve two. Battery heat exchange circuit one is coupled to the air conditioning compressor refrigeration subsystem through battery cooler one. Battery heat exchange circuit one is coupled to the electric drive coolant subsystem through multi-way water valve one. Battery heat exchange circuit two is coupled to the battery auxiliary cooling refrigerant subsystem through battery cooler two.

2. The thermal management system for electric trucks according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery-assisted cooling refrigerant subsystem includes an auxiliary compressor. One end of the auxiliary compressor is connected to the second battery cooler, and the other end is connected to a first water condenser. The first water condenser is connected to the second battery cooler through a liquid storage tank. A control valve is installed on the pipeline connecting the liquid storage tank and the second battery cooler. The battery-assisted cooling refrigerant subsystem is coupled to the electric drive coolant subsystem through the first water condenser.

3. The thermal management system for electric trucks according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electric drive coolant subsystem includes an electric drive system. One end of the electric drive system is connected to a multi-way water valve, and the other end is connected to a motor low-temperature water tank. The motor low-temperature water tank is connected to a multi-way water valve, which is connected to an empty pipe and a motor water pump. One end of the empty pipe is connected to the multi-way water valve, and the other end is connected to the pipeline connecting the electric drive system and the motor low-temperature water tank. One end of the motor water pump is connected to the multi-way water valve, and the other end is connected to a water condenser. The water condenser is connected to the multi-way water valve.

4. The thermal management system for electric trucks according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air conditioning compressor refrigeration subsystem includes a refrigerant circuit, which includes a main compressor. The main compressor is connected to a water condenser, which is connected to a control valve and a control valve in parallel. The control valve is connected in series with an air conditioning evaporator, and the control valve is connected in series with a battery cooler. The air conditioning evaporator and the battery cooler are connected in parallel and then connected to the main compressor through a gas-liquid separator. The refrigerant circuit is coupled to a heating circuit through the water condenser. The heating circuit includes a parallel air conditioning heating core and an air conditioning low-temperature water tank. One end of the parallel connection between the air conditioning heating core and the air conditioning low-temperature water tank is connected to the water condenser through a multi-way water valve, and the other end of the parallel connection between the air conditioning heating core and the air conditioning low-temperature water tank is connected to the water condenser through an air conditioning water pump.

5. The thermal management system for electric trucks according to claim 4, characterized in that: The battery pack is connected in parallel with an empty pipe two. One end of the empty pipe two is connected to a multi-way water valve two, and the other end is connected in parallel with the battery pack and then connected to an electric heater.

6. The thermal management system for electric trucks according to claim 5, characterized in that: The multi-way water valve one and multi-way water valve two are four-way proportional water valves, and the multi-way water valve three and multi-way water valve four are three-way proportional valves.

7. The thermal management system for electric trucks according to claim 6, characterized in that: Control valve one, control valve two, and control valve three are all electronic expansion valves.

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