Large-diameter drilling and cementing device and well leakage control equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of drilling equipment, in particular to a large-diameter drilling and cementing device and well leakage control equipment, and the large-diameter drilling and cementing device comprises a drilling module which is provided with a drill bit capable of continuously drilling a well hole, and a first channel capable of guiding a small-diameter leakage repairing medium into the well hole is further formed in the drill bit in a penetrating manner; the conduction module is coaxially and fixedly arranged at the connecting end of the drilling module; the leak repairing module is coaxially and detachably arranged in the driving rod of the conduction module, and the leak repairing module is provided with a plugging piece capable of axially sliding along the axis of the driving rod and a spring capable of continuously and axially pushing the plugging piece to a first stroke; a second lead-out hole is further formed in the side wall of the plugging piece in a penetrating manner; the limiting and guiding module is coaxially and fixedly arranged outside the leak repairing module; according to the method, the leak repairing mode can be automatically adjusted according to the sizes of different leak points, the non-leak-repairing area can be automatically closed, leak repairing is efficient and accurate, and the effect is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drilling equipment technology, specifically to a large-diameter borehole cementing device and well leakage control equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In oil and gas drilling, the cementing quality of large-diameter well sections directly affects the safety of subsequent drilling and the integrity of the wellbore due to factors such as large well diameter, weak wellbore pressure bearing capacity, and complex formation structure. However, during cementing of large-diameter boreholes, geological features such as fractured wellbore zones, fractured formations, and high-permeability zones can easily cause well leakage. Once leakage occurs, not only will the cementing fluid fail to form effective annular backflow, but it will also cause a sudden drop in slurry column pressure and a decrease in cementing strength, ultimately making the cementing quality unable to meet the long-term sealing requirements of the wellbore.

[0003] Existing cementing and lost circulation control equipment mostly relies on a single-specification leak repair channel and leak repair material output structure, making it difficult to adaptively adjust to the differences in actual lost circulation hole size. This results in low leak repair efficiency and insufficient targeted sealing. Furthermore, during cementing or drilling operations, when leak repair media needs to be directionally delivered to the lost circulation site, current technology struggles to effectively isolate the section of the well from the leak point to the drill bit. The leak repair media often continues to flow towards the bottom of the well due to gravity or pressure differential, leading to material waste and making it difficult to establish pressure at the leak point, further reducing the sealing success rate. This deficiency is particularly pronounced when dealing with a long blank section from the leak point to the drill bit. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, a large-diameter drilling cementing device and well leakage control equipment are provided. This device not only automatically adjusts the leakage repair status according to the size of the well leakage but also accurately repairs the leakage point and provides temporary well section isolation. This solves the technical problems of existing leakage repair equipment, such as the inability to automatically adjust the leakage repair status according to the leakage point, the inability to accurately repair the leakage point, and the waste of repair media.

[0005] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention provides a large-diameter drilling and cementing device and a well leakage control device, comprising: a drilling module, equipped with a drill bit capable of continuously drilling into a wellbore, wherein the drill bit also has a first channel through which a small-diameter leakage-sealing medium is introduced into the wellbore; a transmission module, coaxially fixedly disposed at the connecting end of the drilling module, the transmission module having a drive rod capable of driving the drill bit to rotate continuously and a first outlet hole radially penetrating the outer wall of the drive rod; and a leakage-sealing module, coaxially and detachably disposed within the drive rod, the leakage-sealing module having a sliding capability along the axis of the drive rod. The system includes a movable plugging component and a spring capable of continuously pushing the plugging component axially to the first stroke position; the side wall of the plugging component is also provided with a second outlet hole that can guide a large-diameter leak-repairing medium into the wellbore; in the non-leak-repairing state, the first outlet hole and the second outlet hole are staggered, and when the plugging component is moved to the second stroke position so that the first outlet hole and the second outlet hole coincide, the large-diameter leak-repairing medium can be guided into the wellbore; a limiting guide module is coaxially fixed outside the leak-repairing module and near the drill bit, and the limiting guide module is provided with a one-way plate that can be opened dynamically and closed statically.

[0006] Preferably, the leak repair module further includes an outer guide chamber capable of longitudinally guiding the sealing member and a third outlet hole radially extending through the outer guide chamber; the outer guide chamber is coaxially fixed outside the drive rod; the sealing member is coaxially slidably disposed inside the outer guide chamber; the spring is coaxially disposed inside the outer guide chamber and disposed near the bottom of the outer guide chamber, and the top of the spring abuts against the sealing member.

[0007] Preferably, the sealing component further includes a sealing head capable of sealing the first channel when transmitting a large-diameter leak-proof medium; the diameter of the sealing head is larger than that of the first channel.

[0008] Preferably, the sealing component further includes a connecting rod capable of coaxially fixing the sealing head within the sealing component.

[0009] Preferably, the leak repair module further includes a sealing ring capable of self-adjusting the sealing stroke of the sealing component; the sealing ring is coaxially screwed into the drive rod.

[0010] Preferably, the upper surface of the sealing head is further provided with a groove for pressurizing when conducting large-diameter leak repair medium.

[0011] Preferably, the diameter of the first outlet hole is larger than the diameter of the first channel.

[0012] Preferably, the limiting and guiding module further includes a fixing ring coaxially fixed outside the leak repair module and an opening through the fixing ring; the one-way plate is hinged to the fixing ring and located directly above the opening, and the one-way plate is larger than the opening.

[0013] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are: 1. This invention achieves accurate identification and on-demand graded leakage repair by constructing a conduction-plugging composite structure that can be used in both drilling and cementing conditions. The controllable switching of the plugging component between the first and second strokes allows the small-diameter repair medium to achieve point-like directional plugging in the case of minor leakage through the first channel. When a large-scale leakage is detected, the large-diameter repair medium can drive the plugging component downward under pressure and open the coaxial flow path of the first and second outlet holes, thereby forming a high-flow-rate repair channel in a short time and effectively improving the sealing capability of large leakage points such as wide fractures and dissolution cavities.

[0014] 2. This invention achieves effective isolation of the well section below the leak point by automatically sealing the section from the first channel to the drill bit through a one-way plate when the drill bit stops drilling. This prevents the repair medium from flowing down into the non-repair area during the repair operation, thereby significantly reducing the waste of repair materials. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional diagram of a large-diameter drilling cementing device and well leakage control equipment.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a large-diameter drilling cementing device and well leakage control equipment under the first leakage repair state.

[0017] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of part A.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of a large-diameter drilling cementing device and well leakage control equipment under the second leakage repair state.

[0019] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A magnified view of section B.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a top view of a large-diameter drilling cementing device and well leakage control equipment.

[0021] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 A three-dimensional sectional view of the section at point C-C.

[0022] Figure 8This is an exploded 3D view of the drilling module being removed from a large-diameter drilling cementing device and well leakage control equipment.

[0023] Figure 9 This is an exploded 3D view of a large-diameter drilling cementing device and well leakage control equipment.

[0024] The numbers on the map are: 1. Drilling module; 11. Drill bit; 12. First channel; 2. Conducting module; 21. Drive rod; 22. First outlet hole; 3. Leak repair module; 31. Sealing component; 311. Second outlet hole; 312. Connecting rod; 313. Groove; 32. Spring; 33. External guide chamber; 331. Third outlet hole; 34. Sealing head; 35. Sealing ring; 4. Limiting and guiding module; 41. One-way plate; 42. Fixing ring; 43. Opening. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To further understand the features, technical means, and specific objectives and functions achieved by the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] See Figures 1 to 9 As shown: A large-diameter drilling and cementing device and a well leakage control device, comprising: a drilling module 1, which is provided with a drill bit 11 capable of continuously drilling the wellbore, and the drill bit 11 is also provided with a first channel 12 through which a small-diameter leakage filling medium is introduced into the wellbore; a transmission module 2, which is coaxially fixedly disposed at the connection end of the drilling module 1, and the transmission module 2 is provided with a drive rod 21 capable of driving the drill bit 11 to rotate continuously and a first outlet hole 22 radially through the outer wall of the drive rod 21; The leak repair module 3 is coaxially and detachably disposed within the drive rod 21. The leak repair module 3 is provided with a sealing member 31 that can slide axially along the axis of the drive rod 21 and a spring 32 that can continuously push the sealing member 31 axially to the first stroke position. The side wall of the sealing member 31 is also provided with a second outlet hole 311 that can guide a large-diameter leak repair medium into the wellbore. In the non-leak repair state, the first outlet hole 22 and the second outlet hole 311 are staggered. When the sealing member 31 is displaced to the second stroke position so that the first outlet hole 22 and the second outlet hole 311 coincide, the large-diameter leak repair medium can be guided into the wellbore. The limiting guide module 4 is coaxially fixedly disposed outside the leak repair module 3 and near the drill bit 11. The limiting guide module 4 is provided with a one-way plate 41 that can be opened dynamically and closed statically.

[0027] When the sealing member 31 is located at the first stroke, the first outlet hole 22 and the second outlet hole 311 are staggered, and the second outlet hole 311 is located above the first outlet hole 22; when the sealing member 31 is located at the second stroke, the first outlet hole 22 and the second outlet hole 311 are overlapped, which can realize the outlet of large-diameter leak repair medium.

[0028] During normal drilling operations, the drilling module 1 is first coaxially mounted and rotates at high speed via the transmission module 2, while the drill bit 11 continuously breaks through the rock and advances. When leakage occurs at the bottom of the well or on the well wall during drilling, the degree of leakage can be determined based on the drop in the return slurry level or the change in circulation volume. When it is determined to be a minor well leakage, a small-diameter repair medium can be directly and continuously introduced into the drive rod 21, allowing it to reach the drill bit 11 along the guide path between the drive rod 21 and the sealing component 31. Then, it is directionally delivered to the leakage point through the first channel 12 penetrating the drill bit 11, achieving rapid sealing of small cracks and holes. When the leakage is significant, the drill bit 11 continues drilling, connecting the second outlet hole 311 to the leak point. Then, a large-diameter repair medium is injected into the drive rod 21 under pressure. This pressure directly acts on the sealing member 31, causing it to move axially downwards and simultaneously sealing the first channel 12. Furthermore, the first outlet hole 22 connects to the second outlet hole 311, allowing the large-diameter repair medium to be transported to the leak point along a high-flow-rate path, effectively sealing large cavities and wide fractures. Additionally, when the drill bit 11 stops drilling, the one-way plate automatically closes, creating a barrier between the first outlet hole 22 and the drill bit 11, preventing subsequent repair medium from accidentally entering the section below the drill bit 11 and reducing waste of repair material.

[0029] By using the structure of the first channel 12 for small leaks and the first outlet hole 22 and the second outlet hole 311 for large leaks, the automatic hierarchical allocation of the leak repair path is realized. At the same time, the one-way plate 41 realizes the independent isolation of the well section below the leak point, which can greatly improve the utilization rate of the leak repair material and the sealing efficiency.

[0030] See Figure 9 As shown: The leak repair module 3 further includes an outer guide chamber 33 capable of longitudinally guiding the sealing member 31 and a third outlet hole 331 radially penetrating outside the outer guide chamber 33; the outer guide chamber 33 is coaxially fixed outside the drive rod 21; the sealing member 31 is coaxially slidably disposed inside the outer guide chamber 33; the spring 32 is coaxially disposed inside the outer guide chamber 33 and disposed near the bottom of the outer guide chamber 33, and the top of the spring 32 abuts against the sealing member 31.

[0031] The outer guide compartment 33 is specifically composed of a first arc-shaped plate and a second arc-shaped plate that are coaxially connected to each other.

[0032] The third outlet hole 331 is coaxially arranged with the first outlet hole 22. When the sealing member 31 moves to the second stroke position under the drive of the large-diameter leak-repairing medium, the first outlet hole 22, the second outlet hole 311, and the third outlet hole 331 are adjusted together to a coaxial position, forming a continuous and smooth large-section flow channel among them. This channel constitutes the main path of the large-diameter leak-repairing medium, reducing the flow resistance of the leak-repairing medium in the channel and improving the conveying flow rate and stability. In the non-leak-repairing state, due to the continuous supporting action of the spring 32, the sealing member 31 always remains in the first stroke position, and the three holes will not form a connected structure, avoiding misdirection of material.

[0033] This design enables the large-diameter leak repair path to form a complete coaxial structure, resulting in lower fluid resistance and smoother flow during leak repair, while maintaining a closed state when not repairing leaks, thus improving the reliability and stability of the overall leak repair system response.

[0034] See Figures 1 to 9 As shown: The sealing component 31 further includes a sealing head 34 capable of sealing the first channel 12 when transmitting a large-diameter leak-proof medium; the diameter of the sealing head 34 is larger than that of the first channel 12.

[0035] When it is necessary to connect the first outlet hole 22 and the second outlet hole 311 to transmit a large-diameter leak-sealing medium, simply inject the large-diameter leak-sealing medium continuously into the drive rod 21 through an external pump set. The higher delivery pressure will directly act on the pressure-bearing end face of the sealing head 34, forming a downward thrust sufficient to overcome the elastic force of the spring 32, causing the sealing member 31 to slide axially to the second stroke position, and sealing the first channel 12 at this position, thereby blocking the small-diameter leak-sealing path and simultaneously opening the large-diameter leak-sealing path, so that the large-diameter leak-sealing medium can be smoothly output to the leak point area.

[0036] The pressure adaptive differential mechanism enables automatic switching of the leak repair path. It can automatically enter the corresponding leak repair mode according to the scale of well leakage without manual intervention, thereby improving the operation efficiency under complex well leakage conditions.

[0037] See Figure 3 As shown: The sealing component 31 also includes a connecting rod 312 that can coaxially fix the sealing head 34 within the sealing component 31.

[0038] The sealing component 31 is specifically composed of the third arc-shaped plate and the fourth arc-shaped plate that are coaxially spliced ​​together, and two connecting rods 312 are provided, which are respectively vertically arranged on the inner side of the third arc-shaped plate and the fourth arc-shaped plate; and each connecting rod 312 is also fixedly provided with a semi-conical sealing part at its rod end; when the two sealing parts are coaxially spliced ​​together, they form a conical sealing head 34 that can seal the first channel 12.

[0039] The entire sealing component 31 adopts a detachable, modular design, allowing for quick switching between the drilling module 1 and the cementing module via standardized interfaces. This enables the same leak repair mechanism to adapt to two completely different working environments: drilling and cementing. Compared to the limitations of traditional leak repair mechanisms that can only operate fixed inside the drill bit 11, this structure improves the equipment's versatility through modular assembly, reducing maintenance and replacement cycles. This modular structure significantly enhances the reusability, assembly / disassembly efficiency, and adaptability of the leak repair components, reducing overall equipment costs and increasing flexibility in practical use.

[0040] like Figure 3 As shown: The leak repair module 3 also includes a sealing ring 35 that can self-adjust the sealing stroke of the sealing member 31; the sealing ring 35 is coaxially screwed into the drive rod 21.

[0041] The sealing ring 35 is a circumferentially closed annular structure, with its central opening smaller than the maximum diameter of the sealing head 34. When the sealing head 34 moves downward under the high pressure of the large-diameter leak-proof medium, its tip actively inserts into the sealing ring 35 and forms a seal after contacting the inner wall of the sealing ring 35 on the outer side of the sealing head 34, thus completely sealing the first channel 12 in advance and preventing the leak-proof medium from continuing to enter the channel.

[0042] The sealing ring 35 forms a reliable sealing interface, ensuring that the first channel 12 is sealed in a timely and stable manner when switching to a large-diameter leak repair path, which helps to accurately control the leak repair direction.

[0043] like Figure 5 As shown: The upper surface of the sealing head 34 is also provided with a groove 313 for pressurizing when conducting large-diameter leak repair medium.

[0044] The upper surface of the sealing head 34 is provided with a groove 313 for pressurization. When a large-diameter leak-proof medium enters the groove 313, it can form a local pressure concentration, increasing the effective driving torque on the sealing element 31, enabling the sealing element 31 to complete the displacement from the first stroke to the second stroke in a short time. This not only improves the response speed of the sealing element 31, but also reduces the switching lag caused by pressure fluctuations.

[0045] The groove 313 improves the stroke switching efficiency of the plugging component 31, enabling the leak repair system to respond more promptly to sudden well leakage.

[0046] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown: the diameter of the first outlet hole 22 is larger than the diameter of the first channel 12.

[0047] The first channel 12 is specifically used to transport small-diameter repair media, and the first outlet hole 22 is used to transport large-diameter repair media. The diameters of the second outlet hole 311 and the third outlet hole 331 are consistent with those of the first outlet hole 22, so that the major diameters form a unified transport standard, which makes it easier for different repair media to obtain similar flow conditions in the corresponding paths and reduces the risk of blockage caused by differences in hole diameter.

[0048] like Figure 8 As shown: The limiting and guiding module 4 also includes a fixing ring 42 coaxially fixed outside the leak repair module 3 and an opening 43 through the fixing ring 42; the one-way plate 41 is hinged to the fixing ring 42 and located directly above the opening 43, and the size of the one-way plate 41 is larger than the opening 43.

[0049] Multiple openings 43 are circumferentially distributed along the axis of the fixed ring 42, corresponding to multiple one-way plates 41. This allows the slurry to be smoothly discharged to the bottom of the well during drilling, while in non-drilling or leak repair states, the one-way plates 41 automatically close, isolating the section of the well below the drill bit 11 from the leak repair system. This structure effectively seals the section of the well below the leak point during leak repair, preventing the leak repair medium from flowing below the drill bit 11 and improving the utilization rate of the leak repair material. The outer diameter of the one-way plates 41 and the fixed ring 42 is designed to be slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the wellbore, ensuring a good transition gap within the well wall and reducing operating resistance.

[0050] By actively opening and closing the one-way plate 41, selective isolation of the well section can be achieved, preventing the leakage repair medium from flowing downward and improving the directionality and effectiveness of leakage repair.

[0051] This invention can not only automatically adjust the repair method according to the size of different leaks, but also automatically seal off non-leakage areas, making the repair efficient, accurate and effective.

[0052] The above embodiments only illustrate one or more implementations of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A large-diameter drilling cementing device and well leakage control equipment, characterized in that, include: The drilling module is equipped with a drill bit that can continuously drill into the wellbore, and the drill bit is also provided with a first channel that can introduce a small-diameter leak-proofing medium into the wellbore. A transmission module is coaxially fixedly mounted on the connection end of the drilling module. The transmission module is provided with a drive rod that can drive the drill bit to rotate continuously and a first outlet hole that is radially opened through the outer wall of the drive rod. The leak repair module is coaxially and detachably installed inside the drive rod. The leak repair module is equipped with a sealing member that can slide axially along the axis of the drive rod and a spring that can continuously push the sealing member axially to the first stroke position. The side wall of the sealing member is also provided with a second outlet hole that can guide a large-diameter leak repair medium into the wellbore. In the non-leakage repair state, the first outlet hole and the second outlet hole are staggered. When the sealing member is displaced to the second stroke position so that the first outlet hole and the second outlet hole coincide, the large-diameter leak repair medium can be introduced into the wellbore. A limiting guide module is coaxially fixed outside the leak repair module and near the drill bit. The limiting guide module is equipped with a one-way plate that can be opened dynamically and closed statically.

2. The large-diameter drilling cementing device and well leakage control equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The leak repair module also includes an outer guide chamber capable of longitudinally guiding the sealing component and a third outlet hole radially extending through the outer guide chamber; The outer guide chamber is coaxially and fixedly mounted outside the drive rod; The sealing component is coaxially and slidably disposed within the outer guide chamber; The spring is coaxially disposed inside the outer guide chamber and near the bottom of the outer guide chamber, and the top of the spring abuts against the sealing member.

3. The large-diameter drilling cementing device and well leakage control equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing component also includes a sealing head capable of sealing the first channel when transmitting a large-diameter leak-proof medium; The diameter of the plug is larger than that of the first channel.

4. The large-diameter drilling cementing device and well leakage control equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sealing component also includes a connecting rod that can coaxially fix the sealing head within the sealing component.

5. The large-diameter drilling cementing device and well leakage control equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The leak repair module also includes a sealing ring capable of self-adjusting the sealing stroke of the sealing element; The sealing ring is coaxially screwed into the drive rod.

6. The large-diameter drilling cementing device and well leakage control equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The upper surface of the sealing head is also provided with a groove for pressurizing when conducting large-diameter leak repair media.

7. The large-diameter drilling cementing device and well leakage control equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the first outlet hole is larger than the diameter of the first channel.

8. The large-diameter drilling cementing device and well leakage control equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting and guiding module also includes a fixing ring coaxially fixed outside the leak repair module and an opening through the fixing ring; The one-way plate is hinged to the fixing ring and located directly above the opening, and the one-way plate is larger than the opening.

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