Direct drainage type slurry shield tunneling machine and mode switching method

Abstract

The invention relates to a direct discharge type slurry shield tunneling machine and a mode switching method, a bin body comprises a slurry bin and an air cushion bin, the slurry bin and the air cushion bin are arranged in sequence, a communicating valve and a communicating pipe are arranged between the slurry bin and the air cushion bin, the communicating valve is in butt joint with the slurry bin and the air cushion bin, and the communicating pipe is in butt joint with the air cushion bin. The two ends of the communicating pipe communicate with the muddy water bin and the air cushion bin correspondingly. The cutterhead is rotatably arranged at the front end of the muddy water bin; the slurry inlet pipes comprise the first slurry inlet pipe and the second slurry inlet pipe, the first slurry inlet pipe is in butt joint with the upper portion of the slurry bin, and the two ends of the second slurry inlet pipe are in butt joint with the first slurry inlet pipe and the lower portion of the air cushion bin respectively. The slurry discharge pipe is in butt joint with the lower portion of the muddy water bin. Through cooperation of the communicating pipe and the communicating valve, under the condition that the internal pressure of the muddy water bin is kept stable, switching between a conventional tunneling mode and an air pressure auxiliary mode is achieved, it is guaranteed that the pressure is controlled in real time, mode switching is completed under the condition that the internal pressure of the muddy water bin is kept stable, and therefore it is guaranteed that a tunnel face and the surrounding environment are safe and controllable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction equipment technology, and in particular to a direct-discharge slurry shield machine and a mode switching method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, conventional air-cushion slurry balance tunnel boring machines (TBMs) employing pneumatic-assisted construction methods. This requires simultaneous coordination between personnel at the connecting valve, main control room, and air pressure regulation system. Specifically, the operation involves slowly opening the connecting valve and gradually reducing the air pressure, while simultaneously adjusting the slurry discharge flow rate in the main control room to slowly lower the slurry level in the slurry chamber to a designated height. The connecting valve is then closed to maintain the level difference between the slurry chamber and the air cushion chamber before tunneling commences. However, this method demands extremely high precision. It is prone to the high-pressure gas in the air cushion chamber leaking through the connecting valve into the slurry chamber, causing significant pressure fluctuations at the top of the slurry chamber. This can even lead to ground breaches, resulting in depressurization, tunnel face collapse, and excessive surface subsidence, among other serious consequences. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a direct-discharge slurry shield tunneling machine and its control method, which can ensure the stable switching of the slurry chamber pressure to the pneumatic-assisted tunneling mode, thereby ensuring the safety and controllability of the tunnel face and surrounding environment.

[0004] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a direct-discharge slurry shield tunneling machine includes: a chamber, a cutterhead, a slurry inlet pipe, and a slurry outlet pipe. The chamber includes a slurry chamber and an air cushion chamber, which are arranged sequentially. A connecting valve and a connecting pipe are provided between the slurry chamber and the air cushion chamber. The connecting valve is located at the top of the chamber and is connected to both the slurry chamber and the air cushion chamber. Both ends of the connecting pipe are connected to both the slurry chamber and the air cushion chamber, with one end of the connecting pipe connected to the slurry chamber located at the upper part of the slurry chamber. The cutterhead is rotatably mounted at the front end of the slurry chamber. The slurry inlet pipe includes a first slurry inlet pipe and a second slurry inlet pipe. The first slurry inlet pipe is connected to the upper part of the slurry chamber, and both ends of the second slurry inlet pipe are connected to the lower parts of the first slurry inlet pipe and the air cushion chamber, respectively. The slurry outlet pipe is connected to the lower part of the slurry chamber. In some embodiments of the present invention, the slurry inlet pipe is located above the slurry outlet pipe.

[0005] In some embodiments of the present invention, the connecting valve is disposed above the slurry inlet pipe.

[0006] In some embodiments of the present invention, an exhaust valve is provided between the mud-water tank and the air cushion tank, the exhaust valve being connected to both the mud-water tank and the air cushion tank, and the exhaust valve being positioned above the slurry inlet pipe.

[0007] In some embodiments of the present invention, the connecting pipe includes a first pipe body and a second pipe body, the first pipe body is arranged in a horizontal direction, the second pipe body is arranged in a vertical direction, the first pipe body is connected to the second pipe body, and the first pipe body is also connected to the mud and water tank.

[0008] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a mode switching method for a direct-discharge slurry shield tunneling machine as described in a first aspect of the present invention includes the following steps: S1. When conventional tunneling mode is required, open the grout inlet pipe and close the connecting valve; S2. When switching from conventional tunneling mode to pneumatic-assisted tunneling mode, close the connecting valve and the second slurry inlet pipe; S21. Adjust the pressure inside the air cushion chamber to be equal to the pressure inside the mud and water chamber; S22. Open the connecting valve, and the mud and water flow into the air cushion chamber under the action of local pressure difference until the liquid level in the mud and water chamber is lower than the connecting valve. S23. Adjust the flow rate of the slurry discharge pipe to reduce the liquid level in the mud-water chamber, and regulate the pressure in the mud-water chamber through the air cushion chamber; S3. When switching from pneumatic assisted tunneling mode to conventional tunneling mode, close the connecting valve, adjust the flow rate of the slurry inlet pipe, increase the liquid level in the mud chamber, and open the exhaust valve until the exhaust valve stably sprays out mud. S31. Close the exhaust valve and keep the mud and water tank full; S32. Open the connecting pipe and the second slurry inlet pipe.

[0009] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention's direct-discharge slurry shield machine and mode switching method are as follows: By cooperating with the connecting pipe and connecting valve, the pressure inside the slurry chamber is kept stable while achieving the conversion of the pneumatic-assisted tunneling mode. When switching from the conventional tunneling mode to the pneumatic-assisted mode, the connecting valve and connecting pipe are closed to keep the pressure inside the slurry chamber stable. After the pressure inside the air cushion chamber is equal to the pressure inside the slurry chamber, the connecting valve is opened, and the overall pressure of the chamber is adjusted through the air cushion chamber to ensure that the pressure is controlled in real time. The mode conversion is completed while the pressure inside the slurry chamber remains stable. When switching from the pneumatic-assisted mode to the conventional tunneling mode, the connecting valve is closed, the exhaust valve is opened, and the slurry chamber is filled to keep the pressure inside the slurry chamber stable. The switch from the pneumatic-assisted tunneling mode to the conventional tunneling mode is completed under the state of stable pressure inside the slurry chamber. This stable conversion between the pneumatic-assisted tunneling mode and the conventional mode ensures the safety and controllability of the tunnel face and the surrounding environment. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of step S1 of the direct-discharge slurry shield machine according to the first aspect of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of step S2 of the direct-discharge slurry shield machine according to the first aspect of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of steps S21 and S22 of the direct-discharge slurry shield machine according to the first aspect of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of step S23 of the direct-discharge slurry shield machine according to the first aspect of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of step S3 of the direct-discharge slurry shield machine according to the first aspect of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of step S31 of the direct-discharge slurry shield machine according to the first aspect of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of step S32 of the direct-discharge slurry shield machine according to the first aspect of the present invention; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: Cutterhead 100; mud and water chamber 210; exhaust valve 211; connecting valve 212; air cushion chamber 220; slurry inlet pipe 310; first slurry inlet pipe 311; second slurry inlet pipe 312; slurry discharge pipe 320; connecting pipe 330; first pipe body 331; second pipe body 332. Detailed Implementation

[0011] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0012] like Figure 1As shown, the direct-discharge slurry shield tunneling machine according to the first aspect of the present invention includes: a chamber, a cutterhead 100, a slurry inlet pipe 310, and a slurry outlet pipe 320. The chamber includes a slurry chamber 210 and an air cushion chamber 220, which are arranged sequentially. A connecting valve 212 and a connecting pipe 330 are provided between the slurry chamber 210 and the air cushion chamber 220. The connecting valve 212 is located at the top of the chamber and is connected to both the slurry chamber 210 and the air cushion chamber 220. Both ends of the connecting pipe 330 are connected to the slurry chamber 210 and the air cushion chamber 220, respectively, and the connecting pipe 330 is connected to the slurry chamber 210 and the air cushion chamber 220. One end of the water tank 210 is located at the upper part of the mud tank 210; the cutter head 100 is rotatably disposed at the front end of the mud tank 210; the slurry inlet pipe 310 includes a first slurry inlet pipe 311 and a second slurry inlet pipe 312, the first slurry inlet pipe 311 is connected to the upper part of the mud tank 210, and the two ends of the second slurry inlet pipe 312 are connected to the first slurry inlet pipe 311 and the lower part of the air cushion chamber 220, respectively; the slurry discharge pipe 320 is connected to the lower part of the mud tank 210.

[0013] Understandably, referring to Figure 1 The slurry inlet pipe 310 is located above the slurry outlet pipe 320, so that after the slurry enters the mud-water chamber 210 from the slurry inlet pipe 310, it naturally settles to the bottom of the mud-water chamber 210 under the action of gravity, which facilitates the gradual filling of the mud-water chamber 210 and reduces the gaps in the mud-water chamber 210.

[0014] Understandably, referring to Figure 1 The connecting valve 212 is located above the slurry inlet pipe 310. After the mud and water chamber 210 is filled with mud and water, it is connected to the air cushion chamber 220. This prevents the mud and water from automatically flowing into the air cushion chamber 220 after the connecting valve 212 is opened, thus avoiding large pressure fluctuations in the mud and water chamber 210.

[0015] Understandably, referring to Figure 1 An exhaust valve 211 is installed between the mud-water tank 210 and the air cushion tank 220. The exhaust valve 211 is connected to both the mud-water tank 210 and the air cushion tank 220, and is located above the slurry inlet pipe 310. Through the exhaust valve 211, when the mud-water tank 210 is full, the mud will spray out from the exhaust valve 211, which facilitates the detection of changes in the liquid level inside the mud-water tank 210, and at the same time prevents the mud from leaking out from the exhaust valve 211 before the mud-water tank 210 is full, so as to keep the pressure inside the mud-water tank 210 stable.

[0016] Understandably, referring to Figure 1The connecting pipe 330 includes a first pipe body 331 and a second pipe body 332. The first pipe body 331 is arranged horizontally, and the second pipe body 332 is arranged vertically. The first pipe body 331 and the second pipe body 332 are connected, and the first pipe body 331 is also connected to the mud-water chamber 210. The vertically arranged second pipe body 332 prevents the mud from flowing back and forth between the mud-water chamber 210 and the air cushion chamber 220 under its own weight, thus keeping the pressure inside the mud-water chamber 210 stable. At the same time, it makes it possible to adjust the pressure inside the mud-water chamber 210 by adjusting the pressure inside the air cushion chamber 220.

[0017] Reference Figures 1 to 7 A mode switching method for a direct-discharge slurry shield tunneling machine, as described in the first aspect of the present invention, according to a second aspect of the present invention, includes the following steps: S1. When conventional tunneling mode is required, the slurry inlet pipe 310 is opened, and the slurry enters the air cushion chamber 220 and the slurry chamber 210 through the slurry inlet pipe 310. The excavated soil is carried out through the slurry discharge pipe 320. At this time, the connecting valve 212 is closed, and the pressure of the air cushion chamber 220 is transmitted to the pressure of the slurry chamber 210 through the connecting pipe 330. This cycle is repeated to complete the slurry circulation, slag carrying and pressure support functions. S2. When switching from conventional tunneling mode to pneumatic-assisted tunneling mode, close the connecting valve 212 and close the second slurry inlet pipe 312. S21. Adjust the pressure inside the air cushion chamber 220 through the air pressure regulation system inside the chamber, so that the pressure inside the air cushion chamber 220 gradually decreases to be equal to the pressure inside the mud and water chamber 210. S22. Open the connecting valve 212 to connect the air cushion chamber 220 and the mud and water chamber 210. At this time, the mud at the top of the mud and water chamber 210 flows into the air cushion chamber 220 under the action of local pressure difference until the liquid level of the mud and water chamber 210 is lower than the connecting valve 212. S23. Gradually adjust the slurry discharge flow rate of the slurry discharge pipe 320 to reduce the liquid level of the mud-water tank 210 to the set height; obtain the pressure difference data of different height positions in the mud-water tank 210 through pressure sensors set at different height positions in the mud-water tank 210, thereby judging and controlling the liquid level height in the mud-water tank 210; and since the connecting valve 212 is in the open state, the air pressure regulation system in the tank can continuously replenish or exhaust air to the mud-water tank 210 through the air cushion tank 220 to ensure that the pressure is controlled in real time. S3. When switching from pneumatic assisted tunneling mode to conventional tunneling mode, close the connecting valve 212, adjust the flow rate of the slurry inlet pipe 310, increase the liquid level in the mud and water chamber 210, and at the same time open the exhaust valve 211 until the exhaust valve 211 sprays out mud evenly and stably. S31. Close the exhaust valve 211 to keep the mud and water tank 210 full, and adjust the pressure of the air cushion tank 220 according to the actual height liquid level difference between the mud and water tank 210 and the air cushion tank 220 to avoid the pressure difference between the mud and water tank 210 and the air cushion tank 220 being too large. S32. Open the connecting pipe 330 and the second slurry inlet pipe 312 to complete the conversion from pneumatic assisted tunneling mode to conventional tunneling mode.

[0018] In summary, this invention provides a direct-discharge slurry shield tunneling machine and a mode switching method. By cooperating with the connecting pipe 330 and the connecting valve 212, the machine maintains a stable internal pressure within the slurry chamber 210 while simultaneously switching to pneumatic-assisted tunneling mode. When switching from conventional tunneling mode to pneumatic-assisted mode, the connecting valve 212 and the connecting pipe 330 are closed to maintain a stable pressure within the slurry chamber 210. Once the pressure within the air cushion chamber 220 equals the pressure within the slurry chamber 210, the connecting valve 212 is opened, and the overall pressure is adjusted via the air cushion chamber 220. The pressure in the slurry chamber 210 is kept under real-time control to ensure stable pressure during mode switching. When switching from pneumatic assisted mode to conventional tunneling mode, the connecting valve 212 is closed and the exhaust valve 211 is opened to fill the slurry chamber 210 and keep the pressure inside the slurry chamber 210 stable. Once the pressure inside the slurry chamber 210 is stable, the switch from pneumatic assisted tunneling mode to conventional tunneling mode is completed. This stable transition between pneumatic assisted tunneling mode and conventional mode ensures the safety and controllability of the tunnel face and surrounding environment.

[0019] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for ordinary counters in the art, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the counting principle of the present invention, and these improvements and substitutions should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A direct-discharge slurry shield tunneling machine, characterized in that, Including: The chamber includes a mud-water chamber and an air-cushion chamber, which are arranged sequentially. A connecting valve and a connecting pipe are provided between the mud-water chamber and the air-cushion chamber. The connecting valve is located at the top of the chamber and is connected to both the mud-water chamber and the air-cushion chamber. Both ends of the connecting pipe are connected to the mud-water chamber and the air-cushion chamber, respectively, and the end of the connecting pipe connected to the mud-water chamber is located at the upper part of the mud-water chamber. The cutterhead is rotatably mounted at the front end of the mud and water chamber; The slurry inlet pipe includes a first slurry inlet pipe and a second slurry inlet pipe. The first slurry inlet pipe is connected to the upper part of the mud-water chamber, and the two ends of the second slurry inlet pipe are connected to the lower part of the first slurry inlet pipe and the air cushion chamber, respectively. The slurry discharge pipe is connected to the lower part of the mud and water tank.

2. The direct-discharge slurry shield tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slurry inlet pipe is located above the slurry outlet pipe.

3. The direct-discharge slurry shield tunneling machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The connecting valve is located above the slurry inlet pipe.

4. The direct-discharge slurry shield tunneling machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, An exhaust valve is provided between the mud-water tank and the air cushion tank. The exhaust valve is connected to both the mud-water tank and the air cushion tank, and is located above the slurry inlet pipe.

5. The direct-discharge slurry shield tunneling machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The connecting pipe includes a first pipe body and a second pipe body. The first pipe body is arranged in a horizontal direction, and the second pipe body is arranged in a vertical direction. The first pipe body is connected to the second pipe body, and the first pipe body is also connected to the mud and water tank.

6. A mode switching method for a direct-discharge slurry shield tunneling machine as described in claim 5, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. When conventional tunneling mode is required, open the grout inlet pipe and close the connecting valve; S2. When switching from conventional tunneling mode to pneumatic-assisted tunneling mode, close the connecting valve and the second slurry inlet pipe; S21. Adjust the pressure inside the air cushion chamber to be equal to the pressure inside the mud and water chamber; S22. Open the connecting valve, and the mud and water flow into the air cushion chamber under the action of local pressure difference until the liquid level in the mud and water chamber is lower than the connecting valve. S23. Adjust the flow rate of the slurry discharge pipe to reduce the liquid level in the mud-water chamber, and regulate the pressure in the mud-water chamber through the air cushion chamber; S3. When switching from pneumatic assisted tunneling mode to conventional tunneling mode, close the connecting valve, adjust the flow rate of the slurry inlet pipe, increase the liquid level in the mud chamber, and open the exhaust valve until the exhaust valve stably sprays out mud. S31. Close the exhaust valve and keep the mud and water tank full; S32. Open the connecting pipe and the second slurry inlet pipe.

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