Tunnel collapse early warning device

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel collapse early warning device, belongs to the technical field of collapse early warning, and aims to solve the problems that after collapse is detected, a collapse area is not easy to support quickly, collapse may be intensified quickly during the period, and the early warning effect is affected. The tunnel collapse early warning device comprises a U-shaped top plate, one side of the U-shaped top plate is provided with an alarm, and the other side of the U-shaped top plate is provided with an alarm. A frame assembly is arranged at the bottom of the U-shaped top plate, a vault assembly is arranged at the top of the U-shaped top plate, a detection assembly is arranged in the U-shaped top plate, the detection assembly is connected with the vault assembly, a protection assembly is arranged in the detection assembly, a plurality of first clamping assemblies are arranged in the U-shaped top plate, and an air outlet assembly is arranged in the frame assembly. According to the invention, when collapse occurs, a honeycomb-shaped supporting structure can be conveniently and rapidly constructed, the overall stability of the device is enhanced, continuous extrusion of surrounding rock is resisted, and the expansion trend of the collapse is restrained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of landslide early warning technology, specifically a tunnel landslide early warning device. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel construction, collapses are one of the risks that threaten the lives of construction workers and cause project delays and economic losses. As a key device to ensure tunnel safety, the tunnel collapse early warning device continuously collects parameters such as surrounding rock deformation and support structure stress by deploying displacement sensors and pressure sensors in key parts such as the tunnel arch and sidewalls. When the monitoring data exceeds the safe range, such as when falling rocks cause a sudden displacement, the system immediately triggers an audible and visual alarm to prompt on-site personnel to take shelter or take action.

[0003] While current tunnel collapse early warning devices can provide an alarm, they have shortcomings in terms of the coordination and safety of risk response. They are not easy to quickly support the collapsed area after a collapse is detected. During this period, the collapse may intensify rapidly, and what was originally a localized rockfall may develop into a large-scale collapse, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the early warning.

[0004] To address the above problems, a tunnel collapse early warning device is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tunnel collapse early warning device. By using this invention, the problem in the background mentioned above is that after a collapse is detected, it is not easy to quickly support the collapsed area. During this period, the collapse may rapidly intensify, affecting the early warning effect.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A tunnel collapse early warning device includes a U-shaped top plate, an alarm installed on one side of the U-shaped top plate, a frame assembly installed at the bottom of the U-shaped top plate, an arch assembly installed at the top of the U-shaped top plate, a detection assembly installed inside the U-shaped top plate and connected to the arch assembly, a protective assembly installed inside the detection assembly, several first locking assemblies installed inside the U-shaped top plate, an air venting assembly installed inside the frame assembly, several emergency support assemblies installed inside the frame assembly, several second locking assemblies installed inside the frame assembly, several bottom-opening assemblies installed at the bottom of the arch assembly, the bottom-opening assemblies being slidably connected to the air venting assemblies, and a bottom-alarm assembly installed on one side of the bottom-opening assemblies.

[0008] Furthermore, the frame assembly includes two vertical plates that are fixedly connected to the bottom of the U-shaped top plate, and a base plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the two vertical plates.

[0009] Furthermore, the arch assembly includes limiting rods slidably connected to the four corners of the top of the U-shaped top plate, with the top of the limiting rods fixedly connected to the arch, and the bottom of the arch fixedly connected to the four corners of the arch, with the other end of the first spring fixedly connected to the U-shaped top plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the detection component includes a storage frame fixedly connected to the U-shaped top plate, a fixed post fixedly connected to the top of the storage frame, a sliding post slidably connected inside the fixed post, a second spring fixedly connected to one end of the sliding post, and the other end of the sliding post fixedly connected to the bottom of the arch, a pressure sensor fixedly connected to one end of the second spring, the pressure sensor being installed inside the fixed post, and through slots being provided on both sides of the storage frame.

[0011] Furthermore, the protective component includes two tie rods that are relatively slidably connected within the U-shaped top plate, a baffle is provided inside the storage frame, the two tie rods are fixedly connected to both sides of the baffle, a lifting rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the arch, the lifting rod is slidably connected to the U-shaped top plate, a groove is provided on one side of the lifting rod, two third springs are relatively fixedly connected to one side of the tie rod, and the other end of the third spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped top plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the first snap-fit ​​assembly includes a first inclined block that is slidably connected to the U-shaped top plate, one end of the first inclined block is fixedly connected to a fourth spring, and the other end of the fourth spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped top plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the air outlet assembly includes an air tank fixedly connected to the vertical plate. Two first air outlet pipes are connected to each other on one side of the air tank. A solenoid valve is installed on the first air outlet pipe. Two first branch pipes are fixedly connected to each other inside the vertical plate. One end of the first branch pipe is connected to a second air outlet pipe. A positioning frame is connected to the second air outlet pipe. Both ends of the first branch pipe are connected to connecting pipes. A connecting column is fixedly connected inside the vertical plate. A movable column is slidably connected inside the connecting column. The connecting pipe is connected to the connecting column. One end of the air tank is connected to a third air outlet pipe. Both the second and third air outlet pipes are connected to the positioning frame.

[0014] Furthermore, the emergency support assembly includes several push plates slidably connected within the vertical plate, a movable column fixedly connected to the push plates, two toothed plates fixedly connected to one side of the push plates, both toothed plates being slidably connected to the vertical plate, a rotating shaft rotatably connected within the vertical plate, a support plate fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft, two gears fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft, the gears meshing with the toothed plates, and an L-shaped pressure plate fixedly connected to one side of the push plates.

[0015] Furthermore, the second snap-fit ​​assembly includes a second inclined block that is slidably connected to the vertical plate, a fifth spring that is fixedly connected to one side of the second inclined block, and the other end of the fifth spring that is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the vertical plate.

[0016] Furthermore, the bottom opening assembly includes a vertical rod fixedly connected to the bottom of the arch, the vertical rod being slidably connected to the U-shaped top plate, the vertical plate and the positioning frame respectively, a sliding rod being slidably connected inside the vertical rod, a sixth spring being fixedly connected to one end of the sliding rod, and a sealing plate being fixedly connected to one end of the sliding rod.

[0017] The bottom-mounted alarm component includes a venting bend that runs through the sealing plate. A linkage plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sealing plate. A flexible hose is installed inside the linkage plate. The flexible hose is connected to the venting bend. One end of the flexible hose is connected to a rigid pipe. The rigid pipe is fixedly connected to a vertical plate. One end of the rigid pipe is connected to a second branch pipe. The second branch pipe is connected to two whistles.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] Through the cooperation between the detection component and the arch component, the arch component fits tightly against the inner wall of the tunnel, transmitting deformation force and extrusion force to the pressure sensor inside the detection component. This facilitates real-time and accurate detection of changes in the inner wall of the tunnel. When the detected value reaches the threshold range, the alarm is quickly triggered, providing sufficient evacuation time for personnel and effectively avoiding the safety risks in the early stages of a collapse.

[0020] Through the cooperation between the protective component and the first snap-fit ​​component, the protective component's netting is released after the arch moves down. The third spring pushes the pull rod to make the netting quickly extend. The inclined block of the first snap-fit ​​component fits and limits the pull rod, which can conveniently and reliably catch local gravel and small pieces of surrounding rock, buffer the impact force, and reduce secondary damage. At the same time, the netting can be folded and stored without taking up extra space.

[0021] Through the cooperation of the emergency support component, the air outlet component and the second snap-fit ​​component, the air outlet component releases high-pressure gas to drive the push plate and the toothed plate to move. The gear meshing drives the support plate to rotate. The second snap-fit ​​component limits and fixes the push plate, which facilitates the rapid construction of a honeycomb support structure, enhances the overall stability of the device, resists the continuous compression of the surrounding rock, and effectively curbs the trend of landslide expansion.

[0022] Through the cooperation between the bottom opening component, the dome component and the vent component, the dome moves down, causing the vertical rod and sealing plate of the bottom opening component to move, forcibly canceling the blockage of the vent component. This allows the emergency support component to be reliably activated in the event of a power outage, circuit damage or detection component failure, freeing it from dependence on electronic control and achieving full coverage protection for both normal and fault scenarios.

[0023] Through the cooperation of the bottom-mounted alarm component, the venting component, and the bottom-mounted opening component, the bottom-mounted opening component slides in conjunction with the sealing plate, connecting the venting bend with the third venting pipe of the venting component. High-pressure gas drives the whistle to sound, which can easily achieve continuous alarm without relying on electricity, making up for the defect of electronic alarms being prone to failure, providing uninterrupted warning for personnel evacuation, and further ensuring evacuation safety. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A;

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point B;

[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point C;

[0029] Figure 6 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point D;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of point E;

[0032] Figure 9 for Figure 7 Enlarged view at point F;

[0033] Figure 10 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of point G;

[0034] Figure 11 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of point H;

[0035] Figure 12 for Figure 11 Enlarged view of point I;

[0036] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection structure between the detection component and the barrier net of the present invention.

[0037] In the diagram: 1. U-shaped top plate; 2. Alarm; 3. Frame assembly; 31. Vertical plate; 32. Base plate; 4. Arch assembly; 41. Limiting rod; 42. First spring; 43. Arch; 5. Detection assembly; 51. Storage frame; 511. Through groove; 52. Fixing column; 53. Sliding column; 54. Pressure sensor; 55. Second spring; 6. Protective assembly; 61. Pull rod; 62. Baffle net; 63. Lifting rod; 64. Groove; 65. Third spring; 7. First snap-fit ​​assembly; 71. First inclined block; 72. Fourth spring; 8. Gas outlet assembly; 81. Gas tank; 82. First gas outlet pipe; 83. Solenoid valve; 84. First branch pipe; 85. 86. Second air outlet pipe; 87. Positioning frame; 88. Connecting pipe; 89. Connecting column; 80. Moving column; 810. Third air outlet pipe; 91. Emergency support assembly; 92. Push plate; 93. Toothed plate; 94. Rotating shaft; 95. Support plate; 96. Gear; 97. L-shaped lower pressure plate; 10. Second snap-fit ​​assembly; 101. Second inclined block; 102. Fifth spring; 20. Bottom-opening assembly; 201. Vertical rod; 202. Sliding rod; 203. Sixth spring; 204. Sealing plate; 30. Bottom-alarm assembly; 301. Vent bend; 302. Linkage plate; 303. Hose; 304. Rigid pipe; 305. Second branch pipe; 306. Wind whistle. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] To address the technical challenge of quickly supporting the collapsed area after a landslide is detected, and the potential for the landslide to worsen rapidly during this period, thus affecting the effectiveness of early warning systems, such as... Figures 1-13 As shown, the following preferred technical solutions are provided:

[0040] like Figures 1-2 As shown, a tunnel collapse early warning device includes a U-shaped top plate 1, which can support and fix various components, such as... Figure 7As shown, an alarm 2 is installed on one side of the U-shaped roof slab 1. The alarm 2 can sound an alarm after a collapse is detected to remind personnel to evacuate. A frame assembly 3 is installed at the bottom of the U-shaped roof slab 1, and an arch assembly 4 is installed at the top of the U-shaped roof slab 1. A detection assembly 5 is installed inside the U-shaped roof slab 1. The detection assembly 5 is connected to the arch assembly 4. The arch assembly 4 fits tightly against the inner wall of the tunnel, transmitting the deformation force and extrusion force generated by the inner wall of the tunnel to the detection assembly 5, thereby realizing real-time detection of the inner wall condition of the tunnel and facilitating the judgment of whether a collapse has occurred. A protective assembly 6 is installed inside the detection assembly 5. The protective assembly 6 can easily catch local debris and small pieces of surrounding rock after a collapse, reducing secondary injuries to personnel.

[0041] The U-shaped top plate 1 is equipped with several first snap-fit ​​components 7, which can easily fix the position of the protective component 6 after it is unfolded, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the frame assembly 3 is equipped with an air vent assembly 8 and several emergency support assemblies 9. After a collapse, the emergency support assemblies 9 can be quickly rotated and supported by the air vent assembly 8, thereby improving the stability of the overall structure of the frame assembly 3 and the U-shaped roof slab 1. The frame assembly 3 is equipped with several second locking assemblies 10. The second locking assemblies 10 can limit the position of the emergency support assemblies 9 after they rotate and support, thereby improving the support effect.

[0042] During use, the detection component 5 monitors the condition of the tunnel inner wall in real time. When a collapse occurs, the tunnel inner wall compresses the arch component 4, causing it to move downwards. This causes the detection component 5 to be compressed simultaneously, increasing its reading. When the detection value of the detection component 5 reaches the threshold range, the external controller triggers the alarm 2 to alert personnel to evacuate quickly. At the same time, the descending arch component 4 pushes the protective component 6, releasing it to catch local debris and small pieces of surrounding rock, reducing secondary injuries to personnel and improving the active protection capability and emergency safety of the early warning device. After the protective component 6 is released, the first locking component 7 limits its position, enhancing its stability and thus improving the protective effect.

[0043] Simultaneously, the valve structure on the venting component 8 opens rapidly, releasing the high-pressure gas inside. This causes the emergency support component 9 to rotate until its two support structures are tightly fitted with the bottom of the U-shaped roof plate 1 and the bottom of the frame component 3, respectively. This forms a honeycomb support structure with the emergency support component 9, the U-shaped roof plate 1, and the frame component 3. After the emergency support component 9 rotates into place, its position is fixed by the limiting action of the second locking component 10. This facilitates the rapid construction of high-strength, stable support to resist continuous rock compression and thus curb the expansion of the collapse. Compared to existing technologies that typically provide only a single warning or have insufficient protective effect, this technology enables the simultaneous and automatic activation of warning, flexible rockfall interception, and the honeycomb support structure. Furthermore, the first locking component 7 and the second locking component 10 are used to strengthen the limiting and fixing, improving emergency response efficiency and overall protection reliability.

[0044] The bottom of the dome assembly 4 is provided with several bottom-opening components 20, which are slidably connected to the air outlet assembly 8, such as... Figure 7 As shown, a bottom-up alarm component 30 is provided on one side of the bottom-up opening component 20.

[0045] During a tunnel collapse, as the arch assembly 4 moves downwards, it simultaneously moves the bottom-opening assembly 20 downwards. This allows the bottom-opening assembly 20 to release its blockage of the venting assembly 8, thus preventing the valve structure on the venting assembly 8 from failing to open automatically in the event of a power outage, circuit damage, or malfunction of the detection assembly 5 after the collapse. This would prevent high-pressure gas from being discharged and thus hinder the emergency support assembly 9 from providing support and protection. This facilitates rapid activation of emergency support in both normal and fault scenarios. Compared to existing technologies that rely on electronic control and are prone to system failure during malfunctions, this system can forcibly open the venting assembly 8 through purely mechanical linkage, ensuring... In the event of a power outage, circuit failure, or failure of the detection component 5, the emergency support component 9 can still be reliably activated. Simultaneously, as the emergency support component 9 is driven to rotate by the gas outlet component 8 through the bottom-opening component 20 to form a honeycomb support structure, the bottom-opening alarm component 30 will be pressed down until its internal passage connects with the gas outlet component 8. This facilitates the simultaneous triggering of continuous alarms in both normal and fault scenarios. Compared to the shortcomings of existing electronic alarms 2, which are prone to failure due to power outages or malfunctions, this system can achieve mechanical linkage between support and alarm, and can drive the alarm with high-pressure gas without electricity, ensuring uninterrupted warning and providing continuous alerts for personnel evacuation.

[0046] like Figure 1 and Figures 7-11As shown, the frame component 3 includes two vertical plates 31 that are fixedly connected to the bottom of the U-shaped top plate 1. The bottom of the two vertical plates 31 is fixedly connected to a bottom plate 32. Through the arrangement of the U-shaped top plate 1, the two vertical plates 31 and the bottom plate 32, a stable frame structure can be formed. At the same time, the frame structure is arranged sequentially in the tunnel.

[0047] like Figures 1-4 and Figure 7 As shown, the arch assembly 4 includes limiting rods 41 that are slidably connected to the four corners of the top of the U-shaped top plate 1. An arch 43 is fixedly connected to the top of the limiting rods 41. A first spring 42 is fixedly connected to the four corners of the bottom of the arch 43. The other end of the first spring 42 is fixedly connected to the U-shaped top plate 1. A limiting groove is opened on the top of the U-shaped top plate 1. The limiting rods 41 are slidably connected to the limiting groove, which can conveniently limit the movement of the U-shaped top plate 1.

[0048] like Figures 4-5 and Figure 13 As shown, the detection component 5 includes a storage frame 51 fixedly connected to the U-shaped top plate 1. A fixed column 52 is fixedly connected to the top of the storage frame 51. A sliding column 53 is slidably connected inside the fixed column 52. A second spring 55 is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding column 53, and the other end of the sliding column 53 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the arch 43. A pressure sensor 54 is fixedly connected to one end of the second spring 55. The pressure sensor 54 is installed inside the fixed column 52. The pressure sensor 54 can sense the pressure change transmitted by the second spring 55 in real time and convert it into an electrical signal, accurately feeding back the deformation force and squeezing force of the tunnel inner wall, providing data for collapse judgment, alarm triggering, and emergency support.

[0049] like Figure 1 , Figures 4-5 and Figure 13As shown, the protective component 6 includes two pull rods 61 that are slidably connected to each other within the U-shaped top plate 1. A baffle 62 is installed inside the storage frame 51. Through slots 511 are provided on both sides of the storage frame 51, and the thickness of the baffle 62 is less than the width of the through slots 511 to prevent jamming when the baffle 62 is extended and released. The two pull rods 61 are fixedly connected to both sides of the baffle 62. In the absence of collapse, the baffle 62 is in a corrugated folded state, facilitating compact storage within the storage frame 51 without occupying extra space. It also allows for quick extension and release when pushed. The baffle 62 is made of high-strength galvanized steel wire rope or aramid fiber, utilizing its excellent tensile strength and flexibility. Effectively trapping gravel and small pieces of surrounding rock, thus buffering the impact and reducing secondary injuries to personnel, a lifting rod 63 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the arch 43. The lifting rod 63 is slidably connected to the U-shaped roof plate 1. A groove 64 is provided on one side of the lifting rod 63. The groove 64 matches the shape of the tie rod 61, making it easy for the tie rod 61 to pass through the groove 64. Two third springs 65 are fixedly connected to one side of the tie rod 61, and the other end of the third spring 65 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped roof plate 1. In the absence of a collapse, the third springs 65 are in a compressed state. At this time, the groove 64 of the lifting rod 63 does not correspond to the position of the tie rod 61, thus limiting the tie rod 61 by the lifting rod 63.

[0050] like Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the first snap-fit ​​assembly 7 includes a first inclined block 71 that is slidably connected to the U-shaped top plate 1. One end of the first inclined block 71 is fixedly connected to a fourth spring 72, and the other end of the fourth spring 72 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped top plate 1.

[0051] like Figures 7-8 and Figures 10-12 As shown, the air outlet assembly 8 includes an air tank 81 fixedly connected to the vertical plate 31. Two first air outlet pipes 82 are connected to each other on one side of the air tank 81. A solenoid valve 83 is installed on the first air outlet pipe 82. Two first branch pipes 84 are fixedly connected to each other inside the vertical plate 31. One end of the first branch pipe 84 is connected to a second air outlet pipe 85. A positioning frame 86 is connected to the second air outlet pipe 85. Both ends of the first branch pipe 84 are connected to connecting pipes 87. A connecting column 88 is fixedly connected inside the vertical plate 31. A movable column 89 is slidably connected inside the connecting column 88. The connecting pipe 87 is connected to the connecting column 88. One end of the air tank 81 is connected to a third air outlet pipe 810. Both the second air outlet pipe 85 and the third air outlet pipe 810 are connected to the positioning frame 86.

[0052] like Figure 1 , Figures 7-9 and Figure 11As shown, the emergency support assembly 9 includes several push plates 91 slidably connected within the vertical plate 31. A movable column 89 is fixedly connected to the push plates 91. Two toothed plates 92 are fixedly connected to one side of the push plates 91, and both toothed plates 92 are slidably connected to the vertical plate 31. A rotating shaft 93 is rotatably connected within the vertical plate 31, and a support plate 94 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft 93. Two sets of support plates 94 are provided within the vertical plate 31, and each set of support plates 94 is rotatably connected to the upper and lower positions within the vertical plate 31. At the same time, the rotation directions of the two support plates 94 are opposite, and an inclined surface is provided on one side of the support plate 94, which facilitates the upper support plate 94 to fit against the bottom of the U-shaped top plate 1 through the inclined surface, and the lower support plate 94 to fit against the top of the bottom plate 32 through the inclined surface, thereby improving the support effect. It can also be arranged in an array to improve the support effect. Two gears 95 are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft 93, and the gears 95 mesh with the toothed plates 92. An L-shaped pressure plate 96 is fixedly connected to one side of the push plate 91.

[0053] like Figures 7-8 As shown, the second snap-fit ​​assembly 10 includes a second inclined block 101 slidably connected to the vertical plate 31. A fifth spring 102 is fixedly connected to one side of the second inclined block 101, and the other end of the fifth spring 102 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the vertical plate 31.

[0054] During operation, the pressure sensor 54 continuously monitors the pressure exerted by the tunnel inner wall on the arch 43, sliding column 53, and second spring 55, thereby enabling real-time monitoring of the tunnel inner wall's condition. In the event of a collapse, the tunnel inner wall compresses the arch 43, causing the limiting rod 41 to move downwards within the U-shaped top plate 1 and compress the first spring 42. Simultaneously, the sliding column 53 and second spring 55 are compressed, increasing the pressure sensor 54 reading. When the pressure sensor 54 reaches its threshold value, the external controller triggers the alarm 2, alerting personnel to evacuate immediately. Simultaneously, the descending arch 43 pushes the lifting rod 63 to slide within the U-shaped top plate 1 until the rod 61 aligns with the groove 64. Correspondingly, at this time, the third spring 65 quickly returns to its original position and extends, pushing the two pull rods 61 to slide within the U-shaped top plate 1, causing the net 62 to be pulled out from the storage frame 51 and released, thus facilitating the containment of local gravel and small pieces of surrounding rock, reducing secondary injuries to personnel, and improving the active protection capability and emergency safety of the warning device. At the same time, during the movement of the two pull rods 61, the inclined surface of the first inclined block 71 will be squeezed, causing the fourth spring 72 to be compressed until the pull rod 61 passes over the inclined surface and top surface of the first inclined block 71. Under the action of the fourth spring 72, the first inclined block 71 pops out, at which point the pull rod 61 is in contact with the vertical surface of the first inclined block 71, thus facilitating the limitation of the pull rod 61 and improving the protective effect.

[0055] Simultaneously, through an external controller, the solenoid valve 83 is rapidly opened, allowing the high-pressure gas inside the gas storage tank 81 to enter the connecting column 88 through the first outlet pipe 82, solenoid valve 83, first branch pipe 84, and connecting pipe 87. This high-pressure gas drives the moving column 89 to push the push plate 91 and toothed plate 92 to slide within the vertical plate 31. Through the meshing of gear 95 and toothed plate 92, gear 95 drives the support plate 94 to rotate until the two support plates 94 at the upper and lower positions are tightly fitted with the bottom of the U-shaped top plate 1 and the top of the bottom plate 32, respectively. This forms a honeycomb support structure with the two support plates 94, the U-shaped top plate 1, and the bottom plate 32. During the rotation of the two support plates 94, the push plate 91 compresses... The inclined surface of the second inclined block 101 compresses the fifth spring 102 until the push plate 91 passes over the inclined surface and top surface of the second inclined block 101. Under the action of the fifth spring 102, the second inclined block 101 pops out, so that the push plate 91 fits against the vertical surface of the second inclined block 101, thereby facilitating the limiting of the push plate 91 and fixing the position of the support plate 94. This facilitates the rapid construction of high-strength and stable support to resist the continuous compression of the surrounding rock, thereby curbing the expansion of the collapse. Compared with the existing technology, which usually provides only a single warning or has insufficient protection effect, this technology can realize the simultaneous automatic activation of warning, flexible interception of gravel and honeycomb support structure. At the same time, the limiting and fixing are strengthened by the snap-fit ​​component, which improves the emergency response efficiency and overall protection reliability.

[0056] To address the technical problem of easily paralyzing protection and alarm structures in the event of power outages, circuit failures, or pressure sensor 54 malfunctions during a landslide, such as... Figures 1-2 , Figure 7 and Figures 11-12 As shown, the following preferred technical solutions are provided:

[0057] like Figures 1-2 , Figure 7 and Figures 11-12 As shown, the bottom opening assembly 20 includes a vertical rod 201 fixedly connected to the bottom of the arch 43. The vertical rod 201 is slidably connected to the U-shaped top plate 1, the vertical plate 31 and the positioning frame 86 respectively. A sliding rod 202 is slidably connected inside the vertical rod 201. A sixth spring 203 is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding rod 202, and one end of the sixth spring 203 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the vertical rod 201. A sealing plate 204 is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding rod 202. The sealing plate 204 is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the positioning frame 86.

[0058] like Figures 1-2 , Figure 7 and Figure 11As shown, the bottom-mounted alarm assembly 30 includes a vent bend 301 that penetrates the sealing plate 204. A linkage plate 302 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sealing plate 204. The L-shaped pressing plate 96 corresponds to the vertical position of the linkage plate 302 to facilitate subsequent pressing operations. A flexible hose 303 is installed inside the linkage plate 302. The flexible hose 303 communicates with the vent bend 301. One end of the flexible hose 303 is connected to a rigid pipe 304. The rigid pipe 304 is fixedly connected to the vertical plate 31. One end of the rigid pipe 304 is connected to a second branch pipe 305. The second branch pipe 305 is connected to... Two whistles 306 are installed on the outside of the vertical plate 31 to ensure that the alarm sound can be clearly perceived. At the same time, the high-pressure gas in the gas tank 81 only enters the whistles 306 when the vent bend 301 is connected to the third vent pipe 810. In the absence of collapse, the elastic force of the sixth spring 203 pulls the sealing plate 204 to make it fit against the lower end of the vertical rod 201. The sealing plate 204 blocks the second vent pipe 85 and the third vent pipe 810 respectively. At this time, the positions of the vent bend 301 and the third vent pipe 810 are staggered to avoid gas leakage.

[0059] During the tunnel collapse and downward movement of the arch 43, the vertical rod 201 moves downward synchronously, which in turn moves the sliding rod 202, the sixth spring 203, and the sealing plate 204 downward within the positioning frame 86. This allows the sealing plate 204 to remove its blockage of the second vent pipe 85, allowing the high-pressure gas in the gas storage tank 81 to enter the first branch pipe 84 through the second vent pipe 85 and the positioning frame 86. This avoids the problem that the solenoid valve 83 cannot open automatically after a collapse due to power outages, circuit damage, or pressure sensor 54 failure, preventing the high-pressure gas from being discharged and thus hindering the emergency support assembly 9 from providing support and protection. This facilitates rapid activation of emergency support in both normal and fault scenarios. Compared to existing technologies that rely on electronic control and are prone to system failure during malfunctions, this technology can force the vent assembly 8 to open through pure mechanical linkage, ensuring that the emergency support assembly 9 can still be reliably activated in the event of power outages, circuit failures, or pressure sensor 54 failure.

[0060] Simultaneously, the bottom-opening component 20 causes the air outlet component 8 to drive the push plate 91 to move downward, and the linkage support plate 94 to rotate. During the process of forming a honeycomb support structure, the push plate 91 will press down the linkage plate 302, causing the sealing plate 204 to slide again in the positioning frame 86. At this time, the slide rod 202 slides in the vertical rod 201 and stretches the sixth spring 203 until the ventilation bend 301 is connected to the third air outlet pipe 810. At this time, the high-pressure gas in the gas storage tank 81 enters the whistle 306 through the third air outlet pipe 810, ventilation bend 301, hose 303 and hard pipe 304, thus facilitating the synchronous triggering of continuous alarms in normal and fault scenarios. Compared with the shortcomings of the existing electronic alarm 2, which is prone to failure due to power outages or malfunctions, it can achieve mechanical linkage bottom-opening of support and alarm, and can drive the alarm with high-pressure gas without electricity, ensuring that the warning is uninterrupted and providing continuous warning for personnel evacuation.

[0061] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0062] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tunnel collapse early warning device, comprising a U-shaped top plate (1), characterized in that: An alarm (2) is provided on one side of the U-shaped top plate (1), a frame assembly (3) is provided at the bottom of the U-shaped top plate (1), an arch assembly (4) is provided at the top of the U-shaped top plate (1), a detection assembly (5) is provided inside the U-shaped top plate (1), the detection assembly (5) is connected to the arch assembly (4), a protective assembly (6) is provided inside the detection assembly (5), several first snap-fit ​​assemblies (7) are provided inside the U-shaped top plate (1), an air outlet assembly (8) is provided inside the frame assembly (3), several emergency support assemblies (9) are provided inside the frame assembly (3), several second snap-fit ​​assemblies (10) are provided inside the frame assembly (3), several bottom-opening assemblies (20) are provided at the bottom of the arch assembly (4), the bottom-opening assemblies (20) are slidably connected to the air outlet assembly (8), and a bottom-alarm assembly (30) is provided on one side of the bottom-opening assemblies (20).

2. The tunnel collapse early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame assembly (3) includes two vertical plates (31) that are fixedly connected to the bottom of the U-shaped top plate (1), and a bottom plate (32) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the two vertical plates (31).

3. The tunnel collapse early warning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The arch assembly (4) includes a limiting rod (41) that is slidably connected to the four corners of the top of the U-shaped top plate (1). The top of the limiting rod (41) is fixedly connected to the arch (43). The four corners of the bottom of the arch (43) are all fixedly connected to the first spring (42), and the other end of the first spring (42) is fixedly connected to the U-shaped top plate (1).

4. A tunnel collapse early warning device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The detection component (5) includes a storage frame (51) fixedly connected to the U-shaped top plate (1). A fixed column (52) is fixedly connected to the top of the storage frame (51). A sliding column (53) is slidably connected inside the fixed column (52). A second spring (55) is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding column (53), and the other end of the sliding column (53) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the arch (43). A pressure sensor (54) is fixedly connected to one end of the second spring (55). The pressure sensor (54) is installed inside the fixed column (52). Through slots (511) are opened on both sides of the storage frame (51).

5. A tunnel collapse early warning device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The protective component (6) includes two pull rods (61) that are slidably connected to the U-shaped top plate (1), a baffle (62) is provided in the storage frame (51), the two pull rods (61) are fixedly connected to both sides of the baffle (62), a lifting rod (63) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the arch (43), the lifting rod (63) is slidably connected to the U-shaped top plate (1), a groove (64) is provided on one side of the lifting rod (63), and two third springs (65) are fixedly connected to one side of the pull rod (61), and the other end of the third spring (65) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped top plate (1).

6. The tunnel collapse early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first snap-fit ​​assembly (7) includes a first inclined block (71) slidably connected to the U-shaped top plate (1), one end of the first inclined block (71) is fixedly connected to a fourth spring (72), and the other end of the fourth spring (72) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped top plate (1).

7. A tunnel collapse early warning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air outlet assembly (8) includes an air tank (81) fixedly connected to the vertical plate (31). Two first air outlet pipes (82) are connected to each other on one side of the air tank (81). A solenoid valve (83) is installed on the first air outlet pipe (82). Two first branch pipes (84) are fixedly connected to each other inside the vertical plate (31). One end of the first branch pipe (84) is connected to a second air outlet pipe (85). A positioning frame (86) is connected to the second air outlet pipe (85). Both ends of the first branch pipe (84) are connected to connecting pipes (87). A connecting column (88) is fixedly connected inside the vertical plate (31). A moving column (89) is slidably connected inside the connecting column (88). The connecting pipe (87) is connected to the connecting column (88). One end of the air tank (81) is connected to a third air outlet pipe (810). Both the second air outlet pipe (85) and the third air outlet pipe (810) are connected to the positioning frame (86).

8. A tunnel collapse early warning device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The emergency support assembly (9) includes several push plates (91) slidably connected to the vertical plate (31), a movable column (89) fixedly connected to the push plate (91), two toothed plates (92) fixedly connected to one side of the push plate (91), both toothed plates (92) are slidably connected to the vertical plate (31), a rotating shaft (93) is rotatably connected inside the vertical plate (31), a support plate (94) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft (93), two gears (95) are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft (93), the gears (95) mesh with the toothed plates (92), and an L-shaped pressure plate (96) is fixedly connected to one side of the push plate (91).

9. A tunnel collapse early warning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second snap-fit ​​assembly (10) includes a second inclined block (101) slidably connected to the vertical plate (31), a fifth spring (102) is fixedly connected to one side of the second inclined block (101), and the other end of the fifth spring (102) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the vertical plate (31).

10. A tunnel collapse early warning device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom opening assembly (20) includes a vertical rod (201) fixedly connected to the bottom of the arch (43). The vertical rod (201) is slidably connected to the U-shaped top plate (1), the vertical plate (31) and the positioning frame (86) respectively. A sliding rod (202) is slidably connected inside the vertical rod (201). A sixth spring (203) is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding rod (202), and one end of the sixth spring (203) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the vertical rod (201). A sealing plate (204) is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding rod (202). The bottom-mounted alarm component (30) includes a ventilation bend (301) that passes through the sealing plate (204). A linkage plate (302) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sealing plate (204). A flexible hose (303) is installed inside the linkage plate (302). The flexible hose (303) is connected to the ventilation bend (301). One end of the flexible hose (303) is connected to a rigid pipe (304). The rigid pipe (304) is fixedly connected to the vertical plate (31). One end of the rigid pipe (304) is connected to a second branch pipe (305). The second branch pipe (305) is connected to two whistles (306).

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