A multi-stage gravity potential energy driven water tunnel test device

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of multi-stage gravity potential energy driven water tunnel test device, belong to water tunnel test technical field.The multi-stage gravity potential energy driven water tunnel test device is divided into main drive flow channel and auxiliary energy release flow channel from the water body of high-level reservoir;Water body that flows through auxiliary energy release flow channel drives the mechanical energy generated by energy extraction mechanism, is transmitted to energy injection mechanism by transmission mechanism, and is converted into the propulsion work to the water body in main drive flow channel, to realize the gravity potential energy of auxiliary energy release flow channel water body is transferred and superimposed to the water body in main drive flow channel, finally from test pipeline obtains the flow velocity higher than single gravity potential energy driven can reach.The device by the gravity potential energy of auxiliary energy release flow channel water body is transferred and superimposed to main drive flow channel, additionally increases the kinetic energy for the water body in main drive flow channel, to make test pipeline obtain the flow velocity higher than only by single gravity potential energy driven can reach, overcome the flow velocity of traditional gravity type water tunnel limited bottleneck.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water tunnel testing technology, specifically relating to a multi-stage gravitational potential energy driven water tunnel testing device. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional water tunnel devices can be broadly classified into two categories based on their driving method: axial flow pump-driven and gravity potential energy-driven. Axial flow pump-driven water tunnels can achieve continuous operation, but they suffer from inherent drawbacks such as high-frequency vibration, noise interference, high turbulence in the flow field, and high energy consumption over long-term operation. In contrast, gravity-driven water tunnels offer advantages such as superior flow field quality and quiet operation, making them highly favored in experiments requiring high flow field stability.

[0003] Despite its advantages in flow field, gravity water tunnels still face two major technical bottlenecks: First, the flow velocity limitation bottleneck. Conventional gravity water tunnels rely on the static pressure potential energy generated by a limited water level difference for driving, and the flow velocity in their test sections is generally limited by the building height and structural bearing capacity, making it difficult to simulate extreme conditions such as high-speed water flow and cavitation flow. Second, the test duration bottleneck. Temporary gravity water tunnels can only maintain a single release for a few minutes to tens of minutes, and each test requires a long period of refilling to stabilize the flow, resulting in low efficiency. While circulating gravity water tunnels can extend their operating time by replenishing water, they still rely on a large-capacity flow stabilization system to suppress the surge of turbulence caused by free surface fluctuations, leading to limited effective operating time, a significant increase in equipment footprint, and a substantial increase in construction costs.

[0004] The aforementioned bottleneck essentially stems from the structural contradiction between the singularity of gravitational potential energy and the requirements of high-velocity, long-duration experiments. Existing technologies attempt to alleviate the problem by constructing ultra-high-level water tanks or increasing water storage capacity, but this often results in a sharp increase in civil engineering costs and limited effectiveness.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new technical architecture that can achieve dynamic superposition of energy in order to overcome the dual limitations of current gravity water tunnels in terms of flow rate and test duration. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a multi-stage gravity potential energy driven water tunnel test device. By transferring and superimposing the gravity potential energy of the water in the auxiliary energy release channel onto the main drive channel, the water in the main drive channel is given additional kinetic energy, thereby enabling the test pipeline to achieve a flow velocity higher than that achievable by relying solely on gravity potential energy. This overcomes the bottleneck of flow velocity limitation caused by the building height and structural constraints of traditional gravity water tunnels.

[0007] This invention provides a multi-stage gravitational potential energy driven water tunnel experimental device, comprising:

[0008] The elevated water storage tank is used to store experimental water.

[0009] The main drive channel has its inlet end connected to the high-level water storage tank and its outlet end connected to the inlet of the test pipeline, and is used to deliver test water flow to the test pipeline.

[0010] At least one auxiliary energy release channel is connected in parallel with the main drive channel. The inlet of the auxiliary energy release channel is connected to the high-level water storage tank, and its outlet is connected to the low-level discharge point.

[0011] An energy extraction mechanism, which is located in the auxiliary energy release channel, is used to convert the gravitational potential energy of the water flowing through the auxiliary energy release channel into mechanical energy;

[0012] An energy injection mechanism, located in the main drive channel, is used to apply propulsive force to the water flowing through the main drive channel to increase its kinetic energy.

[0013] A transmission mechanism, which connects the output end of the energy extraction mechanism and the input end of the energy injection mechanism;

[0014] In this process, the water from the high-level reservoir is diverted to the main drive channel and the auxiliary energy release channel. The mechanical energy generated by the energy extraction mechanism driven by the water flowing through the auxiliary energy release channel is transmitted to the energy injection mechanism through the transmission mechanism and converted into propulsion work for the water in the main drive channel. This achieves the transfer and superposition of the gravitational potential energy of the water in the auxiliary energy release channel to the water in the main drive channel, ultimately obtaining a flow velocity from the test pipeline that is higher than that that can be achieved by driving with single gravitational potential energy.

[0015] This technical solution transfers and superimposes the gravitational potential energy of the water in the auxiliary energy release channel onto the main driving channel, thereby adding extra kinetic energy to the water in the main driving channel. This allows the test pipeline to achieve a flow velocity higher than that achievable by relying solely on gravitational potential energy, overcoming the bottleneck of flow velocity limitation caused by the height and structure constraints of traditional gravity water tunnels.

[0016] In some embodiments, the energy extraction mechanism includes an energy extractor and an output shaft. The energy extractor is installed in an auxiliary energy dissipation channel, and one end of the output shaft is installed at the output end of the energy extractor, while the other end passes through the wall of the auxiliary energy dissipation channel and is connected to the transmission mechanism. The energy injection mechanism includes an energy injector and an input shaft. The energy injector is installed in a main drive channel, and one end of the input shaft is installed at the output end of the energy injector, while the other end passes through the wall of the main drive channel and is connected to the transmission mechanism.

[0017] This technical solution enables the mechanical energy extracted from the auxiliary discharge channel to be reliably and directly transferred and injected into the main drive channel, providing a clear and feasible structural basis for achieving energy transfer superposition.

[0018] In some embodiments, the energy extractor includes a powered propeller to completely convert the gravitational potential energy of the water flow into mechanical energy of its own rotation; the energy injector includes a driven propeller to use the acquired mechanical energy to drive the water flow to accelerate.

[0019] This technical solution ensures that the energy extracted from the auxiliary energy release channel can effectively provide acceleration power to the water in the main drive channel.

[0020] In some embodiments, the output shaft furthest from the input shaft is designated as the first-stage output shaft, and the remaining output shafts are designated as intermediate output shafts. The transmission mechanism includes a large gear, a small gear, and several closed racks. The pitch circle diameter of the large gear is larger than that of the small gear. A small gear is provided at the connection between the transmission mechanism and the input shaft, a large gear is provided at the connection between the transmission mechanism and the first-stage output shaft, and a large gear and a coaxially mounted small gear are provided at the connection between the transmission mechanism and the remaining output shafts. The large gear at the end of the first-stage output shaft and the small gear at the end of its adjacent intermediate output shaft are connected by racks. Starting from the first-stage output shaft, the large gear and its adjacent small gear are connected by racks until they are connected to the small gear at the end of the input shaft, forming a transmission link, thereby gradually converging the mechanical energy output from the first-stage output shaft at the far end to the input shaft.

[0021] This technical solution uses the combination of large gears, small gears, and racks to combine the mechanical energy of multiple parallel water flow paths into one place, enabling the propeller in the main test pipe to obtain driving power far exceeding that provided by a single pipe head.

[0022] In some embodiments, the gear ratio between any two adjacent large gears and small gears is configured to be from 1:1.5 to 1:2.

[0023] In some embodiments, the connection between the input shaft and the main drive channel wall, and the connection between the output shaft and the auxiliary energy discharge channel, are provided with seals to prevent water leakage.

[0024] This technical solution directly solves the potential leakage problem between the water delivery pipeline and the mechanical transmission shaft by setting up a sealing component.

[0025] In some of these embodiments, the elevated reservoir is constructed in accordance with the mountainous terrain.

[0026] This technical solution eliminates the enormous costs and engineering difficulties associated with constructing hundreds-of-meters-high artificial towers or large building structures, and can easily build large-capacity high-level water storage tanks that can meet the requirements of long-term testing.

[0027] In some embodiments, a first drain pipe is provided at the connection between the main drive channel and the high-level water storage tank, and a second drain pipe is provided at the connection between the auxiliary energy dissipation channel and the high-level water storage tank. The first drain pipe and the second drain pipe are used to introduce water from the high-level water storage tank into the main drive channel and the auxiliary energy dissipation channel, respectively.

[0028] This technical solution can ensure that the water body can be stably diverted along a preset path, providing a basic water supply guarantee for the core energy extraction and superposition process.

[0029] In some embodiments, a first flow direction conversion pipe is provided at the connection between the main drive channel and the test pipeline, and a second flow direction conversion pipe is provided at the connection between the auxiliary energy release channel and the low-level discharge point. Both the first and second flow direction conversion pipes are bends, which are used to convert the water flow direction in the main drive channel and the auxiliary energy release channel into a horizontal flow direction, respectively.

[0030] This technical solution can optimize the flow pattern of water entering the test pipe or being discharged to a lower position, which helps to reduce energy loss and turbulence disturbance caused by abrupt changes in flow direction.

[0031] In some embodiments, the main drive channel further includes a first water supply pipe disposed between the first drain pipe and the first flow direction conversion pipe; the auxiliary energy dissipation channel further includes a second water supply pipe disposed between the second drain pipe and the second flow direction conversion pipe.

[0032] Based on the above scheme, the multi-stage gravity potential energy driven water tunnel test device in this embodiment of the invention transfers and superimposes the gravity potential energy of the water in the auxiliary energy release channel to the main drive channel, thereby adding additional kinetic energy to the water in the main drive channel. This allows the test pipeline to achieve a flow velocity higher than that achievable by relying solely on gravity potential energy, overcoming the bottleneck of flow velocity limitation caused by the building height and structure constraints of traditional gravity water tunnels. It avoids the problem of a sharp increase in cost caused by simply increasing the building height or water storage capacity. The technology architecture of dynamic energy superposition achieves higher flow velocities and longer test times, meeting the simulation requirements of extreme working conditions such as high-speed water flow and cavitation flow. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the multi-stage gravitational potential energy driven water tunnel test device of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of section A;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sealing element in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] In the picture:

[0039] 1. High-level water storage tank; 2. Main drive channel; 3. Auxiliary energy release channel; 4. Test pipeline; 5. Output shaft; 6. Energy injection mechanism; 7. Transmission mechanism; 8. Seals; 9. Drainage pipe;

[0040] 201. First drain pipe; 202. First water supply pipe; 203. First flow direction conversion pipe;

[0041] 301. Second drain pipe; 302. Second water supply pipe; 303. Second flow direction conversion pipe;

[0042] 401. Contraction section; 402. Test section; 403. Diffusion section;

[0043] 601. Energy injector; 602. Input shaft;

[0044] 701. Large gear; 702. Small gear; 703. Rack;

[0045] 801. Sleeve; 802. End cap; 803. Sealing ring; 804. Bearing

[0046] 901. Gate. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "lateral", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0049] The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0050] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0051] like Figures 1-4 As shown, in one embodiment of the multi-stage gravity potential energy driven water tunnel test device of the present invention, the multi-stage gravity potential energy driven water tunnel test device includes a high-level water storage tank 1, a main drive channel 2, at least one auxiliary energy release channel, an energy extraction mechanism, an energy injection mechanism 6, and a transmission mechanism 7; the high-level water storage tank 1 is used to store test water; the inlet end of the main drive channel 2 is connected to the high-level water storage tank 1, and its outlet end is connected to the inlet of the test pipeline 4, for conveying test water flow to the test pipeline 4; the auxiliary energy release channel is connected in parallel with the main drive channel 2, the inlet end of the auxiliary energy release channel is connected to the high-level water storage tank 1, and its outlet end leads to a low-level discharge point; the energy extraction mechanism is disposed in the auxiliary energy release channel, for extracting the gravity potential energy of the water flowing through the auxiliary energy release channel. The energy can be converted into mechanical energy; the energy injection mechanism 6 is set in the main drive channel 2 to apply propulsion to the water flowing through the main drive channel 2 to increase its kinetic energy; the transmission mechanism 7 is connected between the output end of the energy extraction mechanism and the input end of the energy injection mechanism 6; wherein, the water from the high-level reservoir 1 is diverted to the main drive channel 2 and the auxiliary energy release channel; the mechanical energy generated by the water flowing through the auxiliary energy release channel drives the energy extraction mechanism, which is transmitted to the energy injection mechanism 6 through the transmission mechanism 7 and converted into propulsion work on the water in the main drive channel 2, thereby realizing the transfer and superposition of the gravitational potential energy of the water in the auxiliary energy release channel to the water in the main drive channel 2, and finally obtaining a flow velocity higher than that that can be achieved by single gravitational potential energy drive from the test pipe 4.

[0052] In the above illustrative embodiment, by transferring and superimposing the gravitational potential energy of the water in the auxiliary energy release channel to the main driving channel 2, the water in the main driving channel 2 is given additional kinetic energy, thereby enabling the test pipeline 4 to obtain a flow velocity higher than that that can be achieved by relying solely on gravitational potential energy. This overcomes the bottleneck of flow velocity limitation caused by the building height and structure constraints of traditional gravity water tunnels; it avoids the problem of a sharp increase in cost caused by simply increasing the building height or water storage capacity. The technical architecture of dynamic energy superposition achieves higher flow velocity and longer test time, meeting the simulation requirements of extreme working conditions such as high-speed water flow and cavitation flow.

[0053] In some embodiments, there are 3-6 auxiliary energy release channels.

[0054] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the energy extraction mechanism includes an energy extractor and an output shaft 5. The energy extractor is installed in the auxiliary energy dissipation channel. One end of the output shaft 5 is installed at the output end of the energy extractor, and the other end passes through the wall of the auxiliary energy dissipation channel and is connected to the transmission mechanism 7. The energy injection mechanism 6 includes an energy injector 601 and an input shaft 602. The energy injector 601 is installed in the main drive channel 2. One end of the input shaft 602 is installed at the output end of the energy injector 601, and the other end passes through the wall of the main drive channel 2 and is connected to the transmission mechanism 7. This arrangement allows the mechanical energy extracted from the auxiliary dissipation channel to be reliably and directly transferred and injected into the main drive channel 2, providing a clear and feasible structural basis for realizing energy transfer superposition.

[0055] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the energy extractor includes a powered propeller to completely convert the gravitational potential energy of the water flow into its own rotational mechanical energy; the energy injector 601 includes a driven propeller to use the acquired mechanical energy to accelerate the water flow. The powered propeller efficiently converts the gravitational potential energy of the water flow into rotational mechanical energy, while the driven propeller effectively converts the received mechanical energy into propulsive work for the water flow. This blade configuration optimizes the conversion efficiency of the energy extraction and re-injection process, ensuring that the energy extracted from the auxiliary energy release channel can effectively provide acceleration power to the water body within the main drive channel 2.

[0056] It should be noted that both the energy extractor and the energy injector 601 can be made of turbines, impellers, or other similar devices. When installing, pay attention to the installation direction, as long as it can achieve energy extraction and injection.

[0057] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3As shown, the output shaft 5 furthest from the input shaft 602 is designated as the first-stage output shaft 5, and the remaining output shafts 5 are designated as intermediate output shafts 5. The transmission mechanism 7 includes a large gear 701, a small gear 702, and several closed racks 703. The pitch circle diameter of the large gear 701 is larger than that of the small gear 702. A small gear 702 is located at the connection between the transmission mechanism 7 and the input shaft 602, and a large gear 701 is located at the connection between the transmission mechanism 7 and the first-stage output shaft 5. The remaining output shafts 5... At the connection point, a large gear 701 and a coaxially mounted small gear 702 are provided. The large gear 701 at the end of the first-stage output shaft 5 and the small gear 702 at the end of its adjacent intermediate output shaft 5 are connected by a rack 703. Starting from the first-stage output shaft 5, the large gear 701 and its adjacent small gear 702 are all connected by racks 703 until they are connected to the small gear 702 at the end of the input shaft 602, forming a transmission link. This allows the mechanical energy output from the first-stage output shaft 5 at the far end to be gradually gathered to the input shaft 602. Through the cooperation of the large gear 701, small gear 702 and rack 703, the mechanical energy of multiple parallel water flow paths is gathered at one place, enabling the propeller in the main test pipe 4 to obtain a driving power far exceeding that provided by the head of a single pipe. Thus, with the height of the high-level reservoir 1 fixed, a test flow rate far exceeding that of a traditional gravity-driven water tunnel is achieved, solving the fundamental problem of the low upper limit of flow rate in gravity-driven methods.

[0058] In some embodiments, the transmission ratio between any two adjacent large gears 701 and small gears 702 is configured to be from 1:1.5 to 1:2.

[0059] It should be noted that, based on experimental verification, a transmission ratio of 1:1.5 to 1:2 is the preferred range in this embodiment.

[0060] As an illustrative embodiment, the method for determining the pitch circle radius (or diameter) and number of teeth of the large gear 701 and the small gear 702 is as follows:

[0061] Since both the large gear 701 and the small gear 702 mesh with the same rack 703, the linear velocity of the rack 703 must be consistent with the linear velocity of the meshing point of the two gears. Therefore, the speed coordination relationship between the large gear 701, the small gear 702, and the rack 703 is as shown in equation (1):

[0062] (1);

[0063] In equation (1), The linear velocity of rack 703 is... The angular velocity of the large gear 701 The pitch circle radius of the large gear 701. The angular velocity of pinion 702 Let be the pitch circle radius of pinion 702;

[0064] Therefore, the relationship between the transmission ratio and the radii of the two gears is shown in equation (2):

[0065] (2);

[0066] In equation (2), The transmission ratio of any two adjacent large gears 701 and small gears 702;

[0067] The module is a key parameter that determines whether the gear and rack 703 can mesh correctly. All gears connected to the same rack 703 must have the same module. Let the number of teeth of the large gear 701 be... The pinion 702 has the following number of teeth: The pitch circle diameter of the large gear 701 is The pitch circle diameter of pinion 702 is Then we have:

[0068] (3);

[0069] It is also known that the pitch circle diameter is twice the pitch circle radius. Combining this with the transmission ratio formula, we can obtain:

[0070] (4).

[0071] After determining the transmission ratio using the above method, and considering the actual requirements of the test apparatus, those skilled in the art can select gears and racks 703 that meet the test requirements.

[0072] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the connection between the input shaft 602 and the main drive channel 2 pipe wall, and the connection between the output shaft 5 and the auxiliary energy discharge channel, are both equipped with leak-proof seals 8. The seals 8 directly solve the potential leakage problem between the water delivery pipe and the mechanical transmission shaft. This is crucial for maintaining normal water pressure and flow rate inside the device and ensuring the stability of the flow field quality in the test section 402. It also prevents energy loss and equipment malfunctions caused by leakage, ensuring the long-term, stable, and reliable operation of the entire device.

[0073] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4As shown, the seal 8 includes a sleeve 801 fitted around the outer periphery of the output shaft 5 or the input shaft 602. Both ends of the sleeve 801 are provided with end caps 802, and bearings are provided inside each end cap 802. A sealing ring 803 is provided between each end cap 802 and the bearing. As an illustrative embodiment, the bearings are rolling bearings. Through the specific structure of the seal 8, not only can water leakage be effectively prevented, but the smooth rotation of the drive shaft can also be supported, reducing friction and wear. In particular, the use of rolling bearings helps to reduce transmission resistance and improve mechanical energy transmission efficiency, thus ensuring sealing while also ensuring smooth operation of the transmission system and low energy loss.

[0074] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the elevated reservoir 1 is constructed utilizing the mountain terrain. It should be noted that the height difference between the bottom of the elevated reservoir 1 and the test pipeline 4 is no less than 100 meters. By cleverly utilizing the natural mountain as a supporting structure and source of height, the enormous costs and engineering difficulties of constructing artificial towers or large buildings hundreds of meters high are eliminated, making it easy to construct a large-capacity elevated reservoir 1 suitable for long-duration tests. The elevated reservoir 1 can also be modified from the natural mountain terrain, with costs far lower than artificial pressure vessels of the same capacity.

[0075] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, a first drain pipe 201 is provided at the connection between the main drive channel 2 and the elevated water storage tank 1, and a second drain pipe 301 is provided at the connection between the auxiliary energy dissipation channel and the elevated water storage tank 1. The first drain pipe 201 and the second drain pipe 301 are used to introduce water from the elevated water storage tank 1 into the main drive channel 2 and the auxiliary energy dissipation channel, respectively. The installation of the first drain pipe 201 and the second drain pipe 301 ensures that the water can be stably diverted along a preset path, providing a basic water supply guarantee for the core energy extraction and superposition process.

[0076] In some embodiments, the first drain pipe 201 and the second drain pipe 301 are evenly arranged along the bottom of the wall of the high-level water storage tank 1, and each pipe corresponds to a drain outlet of the high-level water storage tank 1. The drain outlet is flush with the bottom of the tank to ensure that the water in the tank can be completely discharged.

[0077] To prevent residual water in the pipeline from flowing back and contaminating the water in the high-level water storage tank 1, check valves are installed at the connections between the first drain pipe 201, the second drain pipe 301, and the drain outlet. The check valves are hydraulically controlled and remain closed when not in testing mode. Furthermore, a filter screen is also installed inside the check valve.

[0078] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1As shown, a first flow direction conversion pipe 203 is provided at the connection between the main drive channel 2 and the test pipe 4, and a second flow direction conversion pipe 303 is provided at the connection between the auxiliary energy release channel and the low-level discharge point. Both the first flow direction conversion pipe 203 and the second flow direction conversion pipe 303 are bends, used to convert the water flow direction in the main drive channel 2 and the auxiliary energy release channel to a horizontal flow direction, respectively. By setting the first flow direction conversion pipe 203 and the second flow direction conversion pipe 303, the flow pattern of water entering the test pipe 4 or being discharged to the low level is optimized, which helps to reduce energy loss and turbulence disturbance caused by abrupt changes in flow direction, and provides more stable flow conditions downstream.

[0079] It should be noted that, in order to retain the potential energy of the water flow to the maximum extent, the bending radius of the first flow direction conversion pipe 203 and the second flow direction conversion pipe 303 is 5-8 times the inner diameter of the pipe. It should also be noted that adopting a bend design with a larger radius of curvature can significantly reduce local resistance loss and eddy current generation when the water flow changes direction, thereby maximizing the retention of the water's gravitational potential energy (pressure energy) and kinetic energy, and improving the overall efficiency of the energy conversion and transfer process.

[0080] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the main drive channel 2 also includes a first water supply pipe 202, which is disposed between the first drain pipe 201 and the first flow direction conversion pipe 203; the auxiliary energy discharge channel also includes a second water supply pipe 302, which is disposed between the second drain pipe 301 and the second flow direction conversion pipe 303.

[0081] In some embodiments, the first water pipe 202 and the second water pipe 302 are provided with fixed supports between themselves and the mountain. The supports are set every 50 meters and are made of reinforced concrete. They are tightly anchored to the mountain rocks to prevent the pipes from shifting due to their own weight and the impact of the water flow.

[0082] In some embodiments, to prevent pipes from freezing and cracking due to low winter temperatures and to prevent pipe corrosion caused by humid mountain environments, the outer walls of the first drain pipe 201, the first water supply pipe 202, the first flow direction conversion pipe 203, the second drain pipe 301, the second water supply pipe 302, and the second flow direction conversion pipe 303 can all be wrapped with a thermal insulation and anti-corrosion layer, the thickness of which is not less than 30mm.

[0083] like Figure 1 As shown, the test pipe 4 includes a contraction section 401, a test section 402, and a diffusion section 403, which is the core section for conducting fluid dynamics tests: the contraction section 401 further accelerates and homogenizes the water flow from the propeller; the test section 402 provides a stable, uniform, high-quality flow field for installing models and conducting tests; and the diffusion section 403 reduces the outlet velocity and reduces energy loss.

[0084] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1As shown, the multi-stage gravity potential energy driven water tunnel test device also includes a drain pipe 9 for draining water to a low discharge point. Each second flow direction conversion pipe 303 is provided with a drain pipe 9 at the end away from the second water supply pipe 302, and the test pipe 4 is also provided with a drain pipe 9 at the end away from the first water supply pipe 202.

[0085] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the drainage pipe 9 is equipped with a gate 901.

[0086] Through the description of several embodiments of the multi-stage gravitational potential energy driven water tunnel test device of the present invention, it can be seen that the embodiments of the multi-stage gravitational potential energy driven water tunnel test device of the present invention have at least one or more of the following advantages:

[0087] 1. The multi-stage gravity potential energy driven water tunnel test device provided by the present invention transfers and superimposes the gravity potential energy of the water in the auxiliary energy release channel to the main drive channel 2, thereby adding additional kinetic energy to the water in the main drive channel 2, so that the test pipe 4 can obtain a flow velocity higher than that that can be achieved by relying solely on gravity potential energy, thus overcoming the bottleneck of flow velocity limitation caused by the building height and structure constraints of traditional gravity water tunnels.

[0088] 2. The multi-stage gravity potential energy driven water tunnel test device provided by the present invention avoids the problem of cost increase caused by simply increasing the building height or water storage capacity. It achieves higher flow rate and longer test time with the technical architecture of dynamic energy superposition, and meets the simulation needs of extreme working conditions such as high-speed water flow and cavitation flow.

[0089] 3. The multi-stage gravity potential energy driven water tunnel test device provided by the present invention, through the cooperation of the large gear 701, the small gear 702 and the rack 703, the mechanical energy of multiple parallel water flow paths is gathered in one place, so that the propeller in the main test pipe 4 obtains a driving power far exceeding that of a single pipe head. Thus, with the height of the high-level reservoir 1 fixed, a test flow rate far higher than that of the traditional gravity water tunnel is achieved, solving the fundamental problem of the low upper limit of flow rate in the gravity-driven method.

[0090] Finally, it should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0091] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the technical solutions claimed in the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage gravitational potential energy driven water tunnel test apparatus, wherein the water tunnel test is conducted in a test pipeline, characterized in that, include: The elevated water storage tank is used to store experimental water. The main drive channel has its inlet end connected to the high-level water storage tank and its outlet end connected to the inlet of the test pipeline, and is used to deliver test water flow to the test pipeline. At least one auxiliary energy release channel is connected in parallel with the main drive channel. The inlet of the auxiliary energy release channel is connected to the high-level water storage tank, and its outlet is connected to the low-level discharge point. An energy extraction mechanism, which is located in the auxiliary energy release channel, is used to convert the gravitational potential energy of the water flowing through the auxiliary energy release channel into mechanical energy; An energy injection mechanism, located in the main drive channel, is used to apply propulsive force to the water flowing through the main drive channel to increase its kinetic energy. A transmission mechanism, which connects the output end of the energy extraction mechanism and the input end of the energy injection mechanism; In this process, the water from the high-level reservoir is diverted to the main drive channel and the auxiliary energy release channel. The mechanical energy generated by the energy extraction mechanism driven by the water flowing through the auxiliary energy release channel is transmitted to the energy injection mechanism through the transmission mechanism and converted into propulsion work for the water in the main drive channel. This achieves the transfer and superposition of the gravitational potential energy of the water in the auxiliary energy release channel to the water in the main drive channel, ultimately obtaining a flow velocity from the test pipeline that is higher than that that can be achieved by driving with single gravitational potential energy.

2. The multi-stage gravitational potential energy driven water tunnel experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy extraction mechanism includes an energy extractor and an output shaft. The energy extractor is installed in the auxiliary energy dissipation channel. One end of the output shaft is installed at the output end of the energy extractor, and the other end passes through the wall of the auxiliary energy dissipation channel and is connected to the transmission mechanism. The energy injection mechanism includes an energy injector and an input shaft. The energy injector is installed in the main drive channel. One end of the input shaft is installed at the output end of the energy injector, and the other end passes through the wall of the main drive channel and is connected to the transmission mechanism.

3. The multi-stage gravitational potential energy driven water tunnel experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The energy extractor includes a powered propeller to completely convert the gravitational potential energy of the water flow into its own rotational mechanical energy; the energy injector includes a driven propeller to use the acquired mechanical energy to accelerate the water flow.

4. The multi-stage gravitational potential energy driven water tunnel experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The output shaft furthest from the input shaft is designated as the first-stage output shaft, and the remaining output shafts are designated as intermediate output shafts. The transmission mechanism includes a large gear, a small gear, and several closed racks. The pitch circle diameter of the large gear is larger than that of the small gear. A small gear is located at the connection between the transmission mechanism and the input shaft, a large gear is located at the connection between the transmission mechanism and the first-stage output shaft, and a large gear and a coaxially mounted small gear are located at the connection between the transmission mechanism and the remaining output shafts. The large gear at the end of the first-stage output shaft and the small gear at the end of its adjacent intermediate output shaft are connected by racks. Starting from the first-stage output shaft, the large gear and its adjacent small gear are connected by racks until they are connected to the small gear at the end of the input shaft, forming a transmission link. This allows the mechanical energy output from the first-stage output shaft at the far end to be gradually gathered to the input shaft.

5. The multi-stage gravitational potential energy driven water tunnel experimental device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The transmission ratio of any two adjacent large gears and small gears is configured to be between 1:1.5 and 1:

2.

6. The multi-stage gravitational potential energy driven water tunnel experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connection between the input shaft and the main drive channel wall, and the connection between the output shaft and the auxiliary energy discharge channel are all equipped with seals to prevent water leakage.

7. The multi-stage gravitational potential energy driven water tunnel experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elevated reservoir was constructed in accordance with the mountain terrain.

8. The multi-stage gravitational potential energy driven water tunnel experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first drain pipe is provided at the connection between the main drive channel and the high-level water storage tank, and a second drain pipe is provided at the connection between the auxiliary energy discharge channel and the high-level water storage tank. The first drain pipe and the second drain pipe are used to introduce water from the high-level water storage tank into the main drive channel and the auxiliary energy discharge channel, respectively.

9. The multi-stage gravitational potential energy driven water tunnel experimental device according to claim 8, characterized in that, A first flow direction conversion pipe is provided at the connection between the main drive channel and the test pipeline, and a second flow direction conversion pipe is provided at the connection between the auxiliary energy release channel and the low-level discharge point. Both the first and second flow direction conversion pipes are bends, which are used to convert the water flow direction in the main drive channel and the auxiliary energy release channel into a horizontal flow direction, respectively.

10. The multi-stage gravitational potential energy driven water tunnel experimental device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The main drive channel also includes a first water supply pipe, which is located between the first drain pipe and the first flow direction conversion pipe; the auxiliary energy dissipation channel also includes a second water supply pipe, which is located between the second drain pipe and the second flow direction conversion pipe.

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