Sediment grading and concentration real-time online monitoring device

Abstract

The invention discloses a silt grading and concentration real-time online monitoring device, and belongs to the technical field of water quality monitoring. Aiming at the problems of long time consumption, insufficient precision and poor representativeness of the existing sediment measurement method, a multi-point water level diversion sampling device is adopted to collect water samples from different depths and positions, and the sampling representativeness is ensured in cooperation with a flow velocity sensor; setting a sapphire glass detection window to maintain optical clarity; dynamically adjusting laser power through a laser scattering particle size analysis system and calculating particle size distribution based on a Mie scattering theory; monitoring the flow in real time by using a flow measurement module, and synchronously calculating the concentration in combination with scattering data; an automatic cleaning function module is configured to remove attachments, and an environment adaptation protection module provides anti-abrasion and anti-pollution protection. The real-time online monitoring of sediment grading and concentration is realized, and the method is suitable for water quality monitoring, equipment efficiency evaluation and environmental protection in the fields of hydroelectric generation, water supply systems, sewage treatment plants and environmental monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water quality monitoring technology, and in particular relates to a real-time online monitoring device for sediment gradation and concentration. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of water quality monitoring technology, especially in hydropower, water supply systems, and wastewater treatment, the concentration and particle size distribution of sediment in water bodies are key monitoring indicators. Traditional sediment measurement methods mainly include manual sampling and analysis, sedimentation, and gravimetric methods. Manual sampling and analysis requires sending water samples to a laboratory for sedimentation separation or drying and weighing, which can take several hours to days. It cannot reflect real-time dynamic changes in water sediment, especially in environments with rapid water flow or large fluctuations in sediment concentration, where data representativeness and timeliness are severely lacking, and manual operation is prone to introducing errors. Sedimentation methods estimate particle size by measuring the settling velocity of sediment in still water, but under high turbidity or complex flow conditions, the sedimentation pattern is easily disturbed, making accuracy difficult to guarantee. Gravimetric methods rely on weighing filtered water samples to calculate concentration, also suffering from insufficient sample representativeness and poor real-time performance. Recent developments in optical measurement technologies, such as turbidimeters, indirectly estimate sediment concentration using light scattering characteristics, but the measurement results are easily affected by particle size, color, and impurities, and cannot provide particle size distribution information. While laser scattering can analyze particle size distribution, existing equipment is mostly offline, requiring water samples to be collected for laboratory testing, making online monitoring difficult. Furthermore, optical equipment submerged in water for extended periods faces challenges such as sediment deposition, biofouling, and water flow impact, leading to optical window contamination, decreased measurement accuracy, and even equipment failure. In hydropower, rivers with high sediment content significantly erode turbines; for example, the lifespan of turbines in the Yellow River and Mekong River basins can be shortened by more than 30%. Operators need to adjust operating parameters based on real-time sediment data, but current technology cannot provide timely support. Ultrasonic technology and image processing methods attempt to improve online monitoring; however, the former has low sensitivity to particle size distribution, and the latter is unstable due to limitations in light and turbidity. Existing equipment also faces maintenance challenges due to optical window contamination, sampling device clogging, and environmental corrosion during long-term operation. Although some equipment incorporates manual cleaning, it still relies on frequent manual intervention, increasing maintenance costs. These shortcomings are particularly pronounced in complex aquatic environments (high turbidity, high flow velocity, or low temperature), hindering the application of sediment monitoring technology in practical engineering projects. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a real-time online monitoring device for sediment gradation and concentration, thereby resolving the issues present in the prior art.

[0004] Firstly, to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for real-time online monitoring of sediment gradation and concentration, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Water samples were collected from different depths and locations in the water body using a multi-point water level diversion sampling device, while the flow velocity at each sampling point was monitored by a flow velocity sensor.

[0006] The water sample is passed through a transparent detection window, and the water sample is irradiated with a laser with the laser power dynamically adjusted. The scattered light signal is analyzed based on the Mie scattering theory, and the particle size distribution of sediment is calculated.

[0007] Real-time monitoring of water sample flow through the detection window, combined with particle size distribution data to simultaneously calculate sediment concentration;

[0008] When the light transmittance of the detection window drops to the threshold or reaches the preset cycle, the automatic cleaning device is triggered to remove the attached substances.

[0009] Optionally, the process of the multi-point water level diversion sampling device includes: adjusting the depth and position of the sampling points through a positioning control mechanism, and dynamically allocating sampling tasks according to a preset time sequence or flow rate; the collected water samples are transported to the mixing chamber or parallel analysis unit through independent pipelines.

[0010] Optionally, the transparent detection window is a sapphire glass window, and a monitoring device is installed next to the window to capture the particle movement status in real time.

[0011] Optionally, the process of dynamically adjusting the laser power includes: assessing the turbidity of the water body by monitoring the degree of laser attenuation, and increasing or decreasing the laser output power in real time according to the changes in turbidity.

[0012] Optionally, the process of synchronously calculating sediment concentration includes: adding timestamps to flow data and scattering data, and aligning time series data using interpolation or filtering algorithms.

[0013] Optionally, the process of triggering automatic cleaning includes: monitoring the change in light transmittance of the detection window, and activating water flushing and ultrasonic vibration when the light transmittance drops below a set threshold.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention also provides a real-time online monitoring device for sediment gradation and concentration, used to implement a real-time online monitoring method for sediment gradation and concentration, the device comprising:

[0015] A multi-point water level diversion sampling module is configured to collect water samples from different depths and locations in the water body and monitor the flow velocity;

[0016] The detection window module includes a transparent window and is configured for flowing water samples;

[0017] The laser scattering particle size analysis module is configured to irradiate a water sample flowing through a window and dynamically adjust the laser power to analyze the scattered light based on Mie scattering theory.

[0018] The flow measurement module is configured to monitor the flow rate of water samples passing through the window in real time;

[0019] The data processing module is configured to simultaneously calculate sediment concentration and particle size distribution by combining the scattered light signal and flow data;

[0020] The automatic cleaning module is configured to remove deposits when the light transmittance of the detection window drops to a threshold.

[0021] Thirdly, the present invention also provides a computer terminal device, comprising:

[0022] One or more processors;

[0023] A memory, coupled to the processor, for storing one or more programs;

[0024] When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the steps of the real-time online monitoring method for sediment gradation and concentration in the first aspect described above.

[0025] Fourthly, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the real-time online monitoring method for sediment gradation and concentration in the first aspect described above.

[0026] Fifthly, the present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program, characterized in that, when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the real-time online monitoring method for sediment gradation and concentration in the first aspect described above.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0028] This invention provides a real-time online monitoring method for sediment gradation and concentration. This method achieves real-time online measurement of sediment particle size distribution and concentration in water bodies, avoiding the delay problems of traditional offline analysis. It employs laser scattering technology combined with Mie scattering theory to accurately calculate sediment particle size distribution, and a multi-point sampling device ensures data representativeness. The system is equipped with an automatic cleaning module to remove adhering substances, and an environmental adaptation protection module to provide wear and pollution resistance. A sapphire glass detection window ensures optical clarity and improves measurement stability. It is applicable to hydropower generation, water supply systems, wastewater treatment plants, and environmental monitoring, providing effective technical support for water quality monitoring, equipment efficiency assessment, and environmental protection. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 This is a test principle diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0033] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] This embodiment provides a method for real-time online monitoring of sediment gradation and concentration, including:

[0036] Water samples were collected from different depths and locations in the water body using a multi-point water level diversion sampling device, while the flow velocity at each sampling point was monitored by a flow velocity sensor.

[0037] The water sample is passed through a transparent detection window, and the water sample is irradiated with a laser with the laser power dynamically adjusted. The scattered light signal is analyzed based on the Mie scattering theory, and the particle size distribution of sediment is calculated.

[0038] Real-time monitoring of water sample flow through the detection window, combined with particle size distribution data to simultaneously calculate sediment concentration;

[0039] When the light transmittance of the detection window drops to the threshold or reaches the preset cycle, the automatic cleaning device is triggered to remove the attached substances.

[0040] As one implementation method in this embodiment, the process of the multi-point water level diversion sampling device includes: adjusting the depth and position of the sampling points through a positioning control mechanism, and dynamically allocating sampling tasks according to a preset time sequence or flow rate; the collected water samples are transported to the mixing chamber or parallel analysis unit through independent pipelines.

[0041] As one implementation method in this embodiment, the transparent detection window is a sapphire glass window, and a monitoring device is set next to the window to capture the particle movement status in real time.

[0042] As one implementation method in this embodiment, the process of dynamically adjusting the laser power includes: assessing the turbidity of the water body by monitoring the degree of laser attenuation, and increasing or decreasing the laser output power in real time according to the change in turbidity.

[0043] As one implementation method in this embodiment, the process of synchronously calculating sediment concentration includes: adding timestamps to flow data and scattering data, and aligning time series data through interpolation or filtering algorithms.

[0044] As one implementation method in this embodiment, the process of triggering automatic cleaning includes: monitoring the change value of the light transmittance of the detection window, and starting water flow flushing and ultrasonic vibration when the light transmittance drops below a set threshold.

[0045] The present invention provides a device for detecting the flow state of a liquid, and uses sapphire glass as part of the pipe to provide a clear window for easy observation and measurement of sediment particles in the fluid.

[0046] The device of the present invention comprises the following key components:

[0047] Multi-point water level diversion sampling device: This device is used to collect water samples from different depths and locations within a water body to obtain samples with cross-sectional representativeness. The device is equipped with multiple sampling points and uses an integrated positioning control mechanism (mechanical structures such as electric actuators, hydraulic systems, stepper motor-driven lead screws or racks, etc.) to achieve flexible and precise adjustment of the sampling points in vertical depth and / or horizontal position. This positioning control mechanism can receive control signals from the data acquisition and processing system to achieve automated or remote adjustment. Each sampling point is equipped with a flow velocity sensor to monitor the water flow velocity at that point in real time, which helps to optimize the sampling strategy based on the flow velocity distribution or verify the representativeness of the sampling point. This device employs synchronous sampling logic, meaning that multiple sampling points can sample simultaneously or according to a preset specific time sequence reflecting the dynamics of the water flow (such as periodic rotation or dynamic adjustment based on flow velocity changes). Water samples collected from different points can be collected in a mixing chamber for overall analysis, or sent to the analysis system through independent pipelines for parallel analysis. Then, the data processing system performs weighted averaging or comprehensive analysis to obtain data that better represents the sediment condition of the entire water body cross section, overcoming the limitations of single-point sampling.

[0048] Sapphire Glass Inspection Window: One section of the square pipe uses sapphire glass as a transparent inspection window. Sapphire glass possesses extremely high hardness and excellent corrosion resistance, ensuring the clarity of the optical window during measurement and preventing contamination or wear from affecting the accuracy of laser scattering measurements. Simultaneously, the high light transmittance of the sapphire window significantly reduces its influence on the measurement results. A high-definition camera or optical sensor is installed next to the window to monitor the dynamics of sediment particles in the fluid in real time, supplementing laser scattering data and improving the accuracy of the measurement results.

[0049] Laser Scattering Particle Size Analysis System: This system is the core measurement unit of this invention, comprising a highly stable laser source (using a semiconductor laser or solid-state laser of a specific wavelength), a detector array for receiving scattered light, and a laser parameter control unit. During use, the laser wavelength and power can be set according to the characteristics of the water flow. The system uses a laser beam to illuminate the water sample flowing through the detection window. When the laser beam encounters sediment particles in the water, scattering occurs. The intensity distribution of scattered light produced by particles of different sizes at different angles is different. The detector array collects these scattered light signals from different angles and converts the optical signals into electrical signals. To adapt to a wide range of water turbidity variations (from low to high turbidity), this invention innovatively introduces a dynamic power adjustment function for the laser source. By monitoring the total optical signal intensity entering the detector array or setting an additional optical transmission detector to assess the attenuation of the laser beam as it passes through the water sample (i.e., water turbidity information), the data acquisition and processing system or the independent laser parameter control unit adjusts the output power of the laser source in real time according to a preset algorithm. For example, in low-turbidity water, the system reduces laser power to avoid detector saturation and ensure high accuracy; in high-turbidity water, the system increases laser power to ensure sufficient scattered signal intensity can be detected, improving the signal-to-noise ratio and thus overcoming the influence of light attenuation on the measurement signal. This dynamic adjustment mechanism ensures that the system can obtain high-quality scattering data under various turbidity conditions, significantly improving the accuracy and stability of the measurement. The collected scattering data is then transmitted to the data acquisition and processing system, where optimized Mie scattering theory is used to calculate the particle size distribution of sediment, including commonly used particle size indices such as D10, D50, and D90, comprehensively reflecting the size composition of sediment in the water body.

[0050] Flow Measurement Module: This module is equipped with a high-precision flow sensor (electromagnetic flowmeter or ultrasonic flowmeter) for real-time and continuous monitoring of the volumetric flow rate within the sampling pipe of the laser scattering particle size analysis system. Accurate flow data is crucial for the quantitative calculation of sediment concentration. In this invention, the flow measurement module is tightly integrated with the laser scattering particle size analysis system and the data acquisition and processing system. Each flow data point is assigned a precise timestamp. The data acquisition and processing system receives data streams from the flow measurement module and the laser scattering particle size analysis system and uses a timestamp synchronization mechanism to align the flow data with the laser scattering data at the corresponding time (or within a preset time window). The system can also employ more complex data fusion algorithms, using techniques such as interpolation, moving average, or Kalman filtering to fuse flow data and scattering data with different sampling frequencies or slight time offsets, obtaining more stable and accurate parameters required for concentration calculation. Through this synchronized approach, the system can accurately calculate the mass or volume of sediment contained in a unit volume of fluid, i.e., the sediment concentration, based on the particle volume / mass information obtained from laser scattering analysis and the fluid volumetric flow rate at the same moment.

[0051] Data Acquisition and Processing System: This system is the core of the entire device's control and computation. It acquires raw data streams from various modules in real time, particularly the scattered light signal data (usually the intensity of scattered light from different angles or annular regions) generated by the laser scattering particle size analysis system and the flow data generated by the flow measurement module. The core computational function of the system is to process the scattered light signals acquired by the laser scattering particle size analysis system, and use a mathematical model based on Mie scattering theory and corresponding inversion algorithms to convert the scattered light intensity distribution into the particle size distribution of sediment (i.e., the relative content of particles within each particle size range).

[0052] According to Mie scattering theory, the intensity of laser light scattered by a particle depends on the particle's size, shape, refractive index, and scattering angle. For each particle, the scattered light intensity distribution function is:

[0053]

[0054] Where I0 is the incident light intensity, λ is the wavenumber of the light, r is the distance between the detector position and the scattering particle, and i1(θ) and i2(θ) are functions of the relative refractive index m, the scattering angle, and the dimensionless parameter α.

[0055] Scattered light intensity matrix construction: Based on the scattered light intensity distribution function and the geometric layout of the detector array, a scattered light intensity matrix is ​​constructed. Each row of the matrix represents the scattered light intensity distribution of particles of different sizes at various detector positions, and each column corresponds to the scattered light intensity at a specific angular position on the detector array.

[0056] Particle size distribution inversion model: Establish a relationship model between particle size distribution and the measured value of scattered light intensity, that is, a linear combination relationship between the scattered light intensity matrix and the particle size distribution vector. Solve this linear combination equation system using mathematical methods such as the least squares method to obtain the particle size distribution vector. The specific steps are as follows:

[0057] Let the particle size distribution vector be r = [r1, r2, ..., r]. T , where ri represents the relative content of particles in the i-th particle size range.

[0058] The scattered light intensity measurement vector is I = [I1, I2, ..., I]T, where I represents the scattered light intensity measurement value at the j-th detector position.

[0059] Based on the scattered light intensity matrix A, the equation is established: I = A·r.

[0060] Solving this equation using the least squares method yields an estimate of the particle size distribution vector r:

[0061] Based on the particle size distribution vector r, calculate and output common particle size distribution indices.

[0062] Automatic cleaning module: Used to periodically or automatically remove deposits (such as sediment and biofilm) from the measurement channel, detection window, and sampling pipe, based on the detection status. This module may include a water flushing device (such as a high-pressure water pump) and / or an ultrasonic vibration device. The cleaning trigger logic is based on a preset time interval, or more intelligently, based on the monitoring results of the optical state of the detection window. The degree of contamination is determined by monitoring the decrease in light transmittance of the window, the attenuation of laser signal intensity, or changes in the background signal of scattered light. When the contamination reaches a preset threshold, the cleaning process is automatically initiated.

[0063] Environmental Adaptability Protection Module: This module provides the device with wear and contamination resistance. The sampling pipes and optical windows are coated with wear-resistant materials, effectively preventing wear and contaminant adhesion caused by long-term use, thereby ensuring the stability and measurement accuracy of the equipment in complex environments.

[0064] Flow status monitoring: Through the detection window in the square pipe, the device can monitor the liquid flow in real time, including flow rate and particle movement, to avoid particle aggregation and ensure measurement stability.

[0065] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the equipment composition and workflow provided in this embodiment include:

[0066] Installation and Configuration: During installation, the multi-point water level diversion sampling device is placed at different depths and locations in water bodies such as rivers or reservoirs. The sampling ports are connected to the laser scattering particle size analysis system via pipes. The sampling device is equipped with a flow velocity sensor to monitor the water flow velocity in real time.

[0067] Laser scattering measurement: When sediment particles in water flow are irradiated by a laser, light scattering occurs. The system collects the scattered light data through sensors and uses Mie scattering theory to analyze the data and calculate the particle size distribution of the sediment.

[0068] Data analysis and display: The data acquisition and processing system converts the real-time acquired laser scattering data into the optical parameters of the particles, generating sediment gradation maps and concentration maps.

[0069] Automatic cleaning and protection: The automatic cleaning module periodically activates water flushing and ultrasonic vibration functions to remove mud and sand that may adhere to pipes and optical windows.

[0070] The following describes the operation of the method and apparatus disclosed in this embodiment based on actual conditions:

[0071] At a hydroelectric power station, this online sediment gradation and concentration measurement device was successfully applied to monitor the sediment content in the turbine's intake flow.

[0072] First, multi-point water level diversion sampling modules are installed at different water depths and locations in the river to ensure the representativeness of the collected water samples. Using a flow velocity sensor, the module monitors the water flow velocity in real time, optimizing sampling accuracy.

[0073] Next, the laser scattering particle size analysis system begins operation. A laser beam illuminates the water sample, and by measuring the scattering of the laser light by particles in the water, the system calculates the particle size distribution of sediment using Mie scattering theory. The system can accurately provide particle size information, such as commonly used particle size indices like D10, D50, and D90.

[0074] The flow measurement module operates simultaneously, monitoring the flow rate of the sampled fluid in real time. Combined with laser scattering data, this module can accurately calculate the sediment concentration in the water sample.

[0075] During operation, the automatic cleaning module activates periodically to remove any deposits from the sampling pipes and optical windows, ensuring the accuracy of the measurement process. The environmental adaptability protection module ensures the stability and measurement accuracy of the equipment in complex environments.

[0076] Through the data acquisition and processing module, the real-time acquired laser scattering data is converted into the optical parameters of the particles, generating intuitive sediment gradation and concentration maps. Operators can monitor the sediment gradation and concentration in the water body in real time and adjust the turbine operating parameters accordingly to optimize hydropower generation efficiency and reduce equipment wear.

[0077] In this application example at the hydroelectric power station, the device can perform real-time online measurement of the particle size distribution and concentration of sediment in the water, providing crucial data support for equipment operation and environmental protection. Timely monitoring and adjustments not only improve hydroelectric power generation efficiency but also extend the equipment's lifespan, providing strong technical support for environmental protection efforts.

[0078] Based on this, the real-time online monitoring method for sediment gradation and concentration provided by the embodiments of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0079] Real-time online monitoring: This invention enables real-time online measurement of sediment particle size distribution and concentration in water bodies, avoiding the delay problem of traditional offline analysis, and providing timely feedback for water quality monitoring, equipment operation and environmental protection.

[0080] High precision and high representativeness: By employing laser scattering technology combined with Mie scattering theory, the particle size distribution and concentration of sediment in water bodies can be accurately calculated. Simultaneously, water samples from different depths and locations are collected using multi-point sampling devices, ensuring the representativeness and accuracy of the data.

[0081] Intelligent and automated functions: The system is equipped with automatic cleaning and environmental adaptation protection modules, which can ensure long-term stable operation of the device and avoid errors caused by the adhesion of pollutants.

[0082] Sapphire glass window: Improves measurement accuracy and stability, ensuring that long-term use in harsh environments does not affect measurements.

[0083] Wide range of applications: This device is suitable for multiple fields such as hydropower generation, water supply systems, sewage treatment plants, and environmental monitoring. It can be widely used in water quality monitoring, equipment efficiency assessment, and environmental protection.

[0084] Example 2

[0085] In this embodiment, a computer terminal device is provided, including:

[0086] One or more processors;

[0087] A memory, coupled to the processor, for storing one or more programs;

[0088] When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the steps of the above-described method for real-time online monitoring of sediment gradation and concentration.

[0089] In this embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the above-described method for real-time online monitoring of sediment gradation and concentration.

[0090] In this embodiment, an electronic device is also provided, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor is configured to run the computer program to perform the steps of the above-described method for real-time online monitoring of sediment gradation and concentration.

[0091] In this embodiment, a computer program product is also provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described method for real-time online monitoring of sediment gradation and concentration.

[0092] The aforementioned program can run on a processor or be stored in memory (or a computer-readable medium). Computer-readable media include both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and information storage can be achieved by any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transfer medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device.

[0093] These computer programs may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes can be implemented using different modules, and different steps can be implemented using different modules.

[0094] This embodiment provides such a device or system. The device, referred to as a real-time online monitoring device for sediment gradation and concentration, includes:

[0095] A multi-point water level diversion sampling module is configured to collect water samples from different depths and locations in the water body and monitor the flow velocity;

[0096] The detection window module includes a transparent window and is configured for flowing water samples;

[0097] The laser scattering particle size analysis module is configured to irradiate a water sample flowing through a window and dynamically adjust the laser power to analyze the scattered light based on Mie scattering theory.

[0098] The flow measurement module is configured to monitor the flow rate of water samples passing through the window in real time;

[0099] The data processing module is configured to simultaneously calculate sediment concentration and particle size distribution by combining the scattered light signal and flow data;

[0100] The automatic cleaning module is configured to remove deposits when the light transmittance of the detection window drops to a threshold.

[0101] As one implementation method in this embodiment, the multi-point water level diversion sampling module includes a positioning control unit, a flow velocity monitoring unit, and a diversion and conveying unit;

[0102] The positioning control unit is configured to adjust the depth and position of the sampling points;

[0103] The flow velocity monitoring unit is configured to monitor the water flow velocity at each sampling point in real time.

[0104] The diversion and delivery unit is configured to deliver water samples to the mixing chamber or the parallel analysis unit.

[0105] As one implementation method in this embodiment, the transparent window of the detection window module is a sapphire glass window and includes a particle monitoring unit.

[0106] The particle monitoring unit is configured to capture the particle motion status in real time.

[0107] As one embodiment of this invention, the laser scattering particle size analysis module includes a laser power adjustment unit;

[0108] The laser power adjustment unit is configured to dynamically adjust the output power by monitoring the laser attenuation level. As one implementation in this embodiment, the data processing module includes a timestamp alignment unit;

[0109] The timestamp alignment unit is set to mark the timestamps of traffic data and scattering data, and the data is aligned by interpolation or filtering algorithms.

[0110] As one implementation method in this embodiment, the automatic cleaning module includes a contamination determination unit and a dual-mode cleaning unit;

[0111] The pollution determination unit is set to monitor the change in light transmittance of the monitoring window;

[0112] The dual-mode cleaning unit is configured to switch between water rinsing and ultrasonic vibration modes.

[0113] The system or apparatus is used to implement the functions of the methods in the above embodiments. Each module in the system or apparatus corresponds to each step in the method, as has been described in the method and will not be repeated here.

[0114] The above-described implementation method solves the problem of real-time online monitoring of sediment gradation and concentration in related technologies, thereby ensuring that the problems existing in the prior art are resolved.

[0115] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for real-time online monitoring of sediment gradation and concentration, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Water samples were collected from different depths and locations in the water body using a multi-point water level diversion sampling device, while the flow velocity at each sampling point was monitored by a flow velocity sensor. The water sample is passed through a transparent detection window, and the water sample is irradiated with a laser with the laser power dynamically adjusted. The scattered light signal is analyzed based on the Mie scattering theory, and the particle size distribution of sediment is calculated. Real-time monitoring of water sample flow through the detection window, combined with particle size distribution data to simultaneously calculate sediment concentration; When the light transmittance of the detection window drops to the threshold or reaches the preset cycle, the automatic cleaning device is triggered to remove the attached substances.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of the multi-point water level diversion sampling device includes: adjusting the depth and position of the sampling points through the positioning control mechanism, and dynamically allocating sampling tasks according to a preset time sequence or flow rate; the collected water samples are transported to the mixing chamber or parallel analysis unit through independent pipelines.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent detection window is a sapphire glass window, and a monitoring device is installed next to the window to capture the movement of particles in real time.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of dynamically adjusting the laser power includes: assessing the turbidity of the water body by monitoring the degree of laser attenuation, and increasing or decreasing the laser output power in real time according to the changes in turbidity.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of synchronously calculating sediment concentration includes: adding timestamps to flow data and scattering data, and aligning time series data through interpolation or filtering algorithms.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of triggering automatic cleaning includes: monitoring the change in light transmittance of the detection window, and activating water flow flushing and ultrasonic vibration when the light transmittance drops below a set threshold.

7. A real-time online monitoring device for sediment gradation and concentration, characterized in that, The device includes: A multi-point water level diversion sampling module is configured to collect water samples from different depths and locations in the water body and monitor the flow velocity; The detection window module includes a transparent window and is configured for flowing water samples; The laser scattering particle size analysis module is configured to irradiate a water sample flowing through a window and dynamically adjust the laser power to analyze the scattered light based on Mie scattering theory. The flow measurement module is configured to monitor the flow rate of water samples passing through the window in real time; The data processing module is configured to simultaneously calculate sediment concentration and particle size distribution by combining the scattered light signal and flow data; The automatic cleaning module is configured to remove deposits when the light transmittance of the detection window drops to a threshold.

8. A computer terminal device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors; A memory, coupled to the processor, for storing one or more programs; When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors perform the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-6.

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