Split transformer synchronous on-load tap-changer

Abstract

The invention provides a split-to-synchronous on-load tap-changer, which comprises at least two sets of switching mechanisms which are respectively connected with an energy storage mechanism and respectively comprise an auxiliary transmission gear, and each auxiliary transmission gear is respectively meshed with a main transmission gear; the auxiliary transmission gear is connected with the switching shafts through fixing parts, and the switching shafts and the energy storage mechanism move synchronously. The energy storage mechanism drives the main transmission gear to rotate, drives the two auxiliary transmission gears and the corresponding switching shafts to move synchronously, and drives the main contacts and the auxiliary contacts in the two sets of switching mechanisms to execute synchronous switching actions, so that the load current is subjected to arc-free conversion among different tap contacts selected by the tap selector. The invention is used for solving the technical problem that the main contact and the auxiliary contact cannot well complete the synchronous switching action when the switching mechanism works, and the vacuum tube is used for realizing the rapid arc extinguishing and the cam is used for adjusting the turn-adjusting coil to keep the secondary side voltage synchronization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrical switch technology, and in particular to a split-type synchronous on-load tap changer. Background Technology

[0002] On-load tap changers are a key component of power transformers. Their function is to change the turns ratio of the transformer windings without interrupting the load current (i.e., under load), thereby finely regulating the output voltage.

[0003] When using existing split-type synchronous on-load tap changers, the switching mechanism is prone to failure, causing the main and auxiliary contacts to fail to complete synchronous switching actions properly. Therefore, there is a lack of a solution to improve the synchronous switching action and solve this technical problem. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a split-type synchronous on-load tap changer to solve the problem that the main contacts and auxiliary contacts cannot complete the synchronous switching action well when the switching mechanism is working.

[0005] This invention provides a split-type synchronous on-load tap changer, comprising: a switching mechanism, at least two sets of which are respectively connected to an energy storage mechanism; each of the two switching mechanisms includes a secondary drive gear, and each secondary drive gear meshes with a main drive gear; the secondary drive gears are connected to switching shafts via fixed components, and each switching shaft moves synchronously with the energy storage mechanism; the energy storage mechanism drives the main drive gear to rotate, thereby driving the two secondary drive gears and their corresponding switching shafts to move synchronously, and driving the main contacts and secondary contacts in the two switching mechanisms to perform synchronous switching actions, for arc-free switching of the load current between different tap selectors selected by the tap selector.

[0006] Preferably, the controller is used to receive instructions and issue control signals; the tap selector is electrically connected to the controller and controlled by the controller to pre-select the tap contacts of the transformer winding; the energy storage mechanism is electrically connected to the controller and controlled by the controller to store and release mechanical energy; the switching mechanism includes a first switching mechanism and a second switching mechanism, which are respectively set to correspond to the two split windings of the transformer.

[0007] Preferably, a vacuum tube is used to carry current and extinguish the electric arc in a vacuum; the main contact and the auxiliary contact are driven by a moving contact inside the vacuum tube to establish or disconnect the current path.

[0008] Preferably, the switching shaft is used to transmit mechanical power; the auxiliary transmission gear is fixedly installed on the switching shaft; the main transmission gear meshes with the auxiliary transmission gears of the first switching mechanism and the second switching mechanism, and is connected to the output end of the energy storage mechanism.

[0009] Preferably, the switching mechanism further includes: a cam synchronously driven by the switching shaft, the cam being used to rotate and adjust the adjusting coils of the upper and lower windings of the split transformer in phase, so that the output of the secondary side voltage remains synchronous; wherein, if a low-voltage winding in the split transformer fails, the adjustment maintains the normal operation of the remaining low-voltage windings, and the short-circuit current is limited by adjusting the impedance of the split branch.

[0010] Preferably, when the main and auxiliary contacts separate, the arc is extinguished by the vacuum tube; rapid arc extinguishing is achieved based on the current zero crossing and the recovery of the dielectric strength of the vacuum tube; the switching shaft rotates synchronously based on the auxiliary transmission gear; the synchronous rotation enables the cam to complete the adjustment process of the control winding coil; during the adjustment process, the maximum impedance between the split branches in the split transformer is obtained, and the impedance of the split branch is adjusted to be close to that of the non-split winding; the branch fault is judged based on the impedance characteristics, and if a branch is faulty, the other branches operate independently; during the arc extinguishing process when the vacuum tube uses high insulation strength to extinguish the arc during contact separation, if the current reaches zero crossing, the dielectric strength is rapidly restored and the arc is extinguished.

[0011] Preferably, the transformer tap height information is obtained, and the modular arrangement of the dry insulation structure is adjusted according to the tap height information; the correspondence between the switch position contacts and the transformer taps is determined; if the correspondence is established, the dry insulation structure provides a uniform electric field distribution to reduce the level of partial discharge.

[0012] Preferably, deformation monitoring and contact gap measurement are performed on the contact surface of the tap changer contacts. Motion parameters and stress distribution data between the auxiliary drive gear and the switching shaft are collected. Synchronization deviation data are obtained using a high-frequency data acquisition method. Combined with the dynamic mapping of the stress distribution at the contact points, an initial contact synchronization deviation distribution diagram and deformation characteristic value are obtained. Based on the initial contact synchronization deviation distribution diagram and deformation characteristic value, the synchronization deviation when the auxiliary drive gear drives the switching shaft is corrected and calculated. At the same time, the vibration frequency when the contact points are matched is analyzed to determine the optimal torque value and angular offset for the precision fastening of the switching shaft, and a preliminary motion control command set is generated.

[0013] Preferably, motion control commands are executed, and a compensation mechanism based on the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the contact points is adopted; the fatigue evaluation model data of the contact surface material is monitored in real time; when the synchronization deviation is detected to exceed the preset range, the multi-dimensional resistance coefficient in the path planning is calculated, and the weights of each path node are dynamically distributed. Based on the dynamic distribution results of the weights, it is determined whether the source of the synchronization deviation is related to the path resistance; if the synchronization deviation is related to the path resistance, the geometric curvature smoothing and energy loss of the switching path are iteratively optimized to obtain the optimal switching path data; wherein, the iterative optimization algorithm is a genetic mutation probability adjustment algorithm.

[0014] Preferably, the adjusted operation control scheme is generated using the optimal switching path data; the execution effect of the adjusted operation control scheme is monitored in real time to obtain feedback data on the synchronization and stability of the contacts; the feedback data is compared with a preset threshold; if the accuracy comparison result of the feedback data does not meet the preset matching requirements, the correlation between the switching path and the life of the mechanical components is judged; based on the correlation judgment result, the iterative parameters of the synchronization calibration are adjusted; until the synchronization data meets the preset standard, the final operation parameter configuration is output.

[0015] The working principle and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a split-type synchronous on-load tap changer, comprising: a switching mechanism, at least two sets of which are respectively connected to an energy storage mechanism; each of the two switching mechanisms includes a secondary drive gear, and each secondary drive gear meshes with a main drive gear; the secondary drive gears are connected to switching shafts via fixed components, and each switching shaft moves synchronously with the energy storage mechanism; the energy storage mechanism drives the main drive gear to rotate, thereby driving the two secondary drive gears and their corresponding switching shafts to move synchronously, and driving the main contacts and secondary contacts in the two switching mechanisms to perform synchronous switching actions, for arc-free switching of the load current between different tap selectors selected by the tap selector.

[0016] This invention discloses a split-type synchronous on-load tap changer, which solves the technical problem that the main contacts and auxiliary contacts cannot complete the synchronous switching action well when the switching mechanism is working; Specifically, by setting up two sets of switching mechanisms connected to the energy storage mechanism respectively, each auxiliary transmission gear meshes with the main transmission gear to drive the switching shaft to move synchronously, and combined with the vacuum tube to realize the rapid extinguishing of the electric arc and the cam adjustment of the turning coil to maintain the synchronization of the secondary side voltage; at the same time, the maximum impedance of the split branch is obtained and the branch fault is judged.

[0017] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system control flow of the present invention; Figure 2This is a detailed system control flowchart of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] according to Figures 1-2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a split-type synchronous on-load tap changer, comprising: The switching mechanism is provided in at least two sets, which are respectively connected to the energy storage mechanism. Each set of the switching mechanism includes a secondary transmission gear, and each secondary transmission gear meshes with the main transmission gear. The auxiliary transmission gear is connected to the switching shaft via a fixed component, and each switching shaft moves synchronously with the energy storage mechanism. The energy storage mechanism drives the main drive gear to rotate, which in turn drives the two auxiliary drive gears and their corresponding switching shafts to move synchronously. This drives the main and auxiliary contacts in the two sets of switching mechanisms to perform synchronous switching actions, enabling the load current to be switched without arcing between different tap contacts selected by the tap selector.

[0022] This invention discloses a split-type synchronous on-load tap changer, which is used to solve the technical problem that the main contacts and auxiliary contacts cannot complete the synchronous switching action well when the switching mechanism is working; Specifically, by setting up two sets of switching mechanisms to connect the energy storage mechanism respectively, each auxiliary transmission gear meshes with the main transmission gear to drive the switching shaft to move synchronously, and by combining vacuum tubes to achieve rapid arc extinguishing and cam adjustment of the turning coil to maintain the secondary side voltage synchronization, the maximum impedance of the split branch is obtained and the branch fault is judged, and the influence of asynchrony is reduced by using weak magnetic coupling.

[0023] In this invention, firstly, the status data of the energy storage mechanism is acquired, and the operating parameters of the energy storage mechanism are collected in real time using sensors. Based on the real-time collected operating parameters, it is determined whether the energy storage mechanism is in a normal driving state. Based on the determination result, the operational stability assessment result of the energy storage mechanism is obtained.

[0024] Next, the rotational state of the main drive gear is monitored using the operational stability assessment results of the energy storage mechanism; Specifically, key indicators are extracted from the rotational speed and torque data of the main drive gear, and the transmission efficiency of the main drive gear is determined based on these key indicators to see if it meets the preset threshold. By analyzing the transmission efficiency data of the main drive gear, the synchronous motion state of the auxiliary drive gear is analyzed. The meshing accuracy between the auxiliary drive gear and the main drive gear is detected based on real-time comparison, and it is determined whether the motion of the auxiliary drive gear is consistent with the expectation, thus obtaining the motion consistency result of the auxiliary drive gear. Based on the motion consistency results of the auxiliary transmission gear, the running trajectory of the switching shaft is monitored, and synchronization parameters are extracted from the displacement and velocity data of the switching shaft to determine whether the synchronous motion of the switching shaft and the energy storage mechanism is stable. By analyzing the synchronous motion stability data of the switching shaft, the switching action status of the main contact and the auxiliary contact is analyzed, the contact time and separation time of the contacts in the two switching mechanisms are obtained, and it is determined whether the switching action meets the requirements of synchronous switching. Based on the synchronous switching action data of the main contact and the auxiliary contact, the conversion process of the load current between different taps of the tap selector is detected, and the current waveform analysis is used to determine whether the load current has completed the arc-free conversion. By recording the arc-free conversion results of the load current, the operation log of the tap selector is recorded, and the overall performance of the switching mechanism is archived to obtain the evaluation results of the switching mechanism's operation performance under different working conditions.

[0025] In one embodiment, the controller is configured to receive instructions and issue control signals; The tap selector is electrically connected to the controller and is controlled by the controller to pre-select the tap contacts of the transformer winding; An energy storage mechanism, electrically connected to a controller, is controlled by the controller to store and release mechanical energy; The switching mechanism includes a first switching mechanism and a second switching mechanism, which are respectively set to correspond to the two split windings of the transformer.

[0026] In this embodiment, in conjunction with the previous embodiment, the controller acquires externally input instruction data, parses the instruction content to generate corresponding control signals, and transmits the generated control signals to the tap selector to drive it to perform pre-selection operations on the winding contacts of the transformer group and determine the target contact point position. For the determined winding contact point location, the energy storage mechanism is activated to prepare for mechanical energy storage, complete the energy accumulation process, and obtain the mechanical energy state to be released; From the state of mechanical energy storage, the switching mechanism is triggered to operate, driving the first switching mechanism and the second switching mechanism respectively to complete the switching action of the split winding; and it is determined whether the switching meets the preset conditions. If the switching result is consistent with the target contact point position, the current state is recorded. The operating status data of the first switching mechanism and the second switching mechanism are acquired and compared with a preset threshold to determine whether there is a deviation in the operating status of the first switching mechanism and the second switching mechanism. If a deviation is detected, an adjustment signal is generated and transmitted to the controller for further processing. Based on the adjustment signal, the control signal is regenerated and sent to the tap selector and switching mechanism through the electrical connection channel to complete the secondary calibration of the transformer group and obtain the final switching result. Based on the final switching result, the operating parameters of the split winding are recorded and stored in the system database.

[0027] In this embodiment, the controller generates control signals according to the input instructions, performs pre-selection operations and drives the action of the winding split contacts; when the energy storage mechanism releases energy, the first switching mechanism and the second switching mechanism synchronously execute the switching action of the split winding; By detecting the deviation in the operating status of the first switching mechanism and the second switching mechanism, and correcting the deviation when a deviation is found, the consistency of the two switching mechanisms when performing switching actions is ensured. This, in turn, ensures the accuracy and response speed of the tap switching, and guarantees the safety and reliability of the transformer tap operation.

[0028] In one embodiment, a vacuum tube is used to carry current and extinguish the electric arc in a vacuum; The main and auxiliary contacts are driven by the moving contact inside the vacuum tube and are used to establish or disconnect the current path.

[0029] Switching shafts are used to transmit mechanical power; The secondary transmission gear is fixedly mounted on the switching shaft; The main drive gear meshes with the auxiliary drive gears of the first and second switching mechanisms and is connected to the output end of the energy storage mechanism.

[0030] In one embodiment, a vacuum tube is used to carry current and extinguish the electric arc in a vacuum; The main and auxiliary contacts are driven by the moving contact inside the vacuum tube and are used to establish or disconnect the current path.

[0031] Switching shafts are used to transmit mechanical power; The secondary transmission gear is fixedly mounted on the switching shaft; The main drive gear meshes with the auxiliary drive gears of the first and second switching mechanisms and is connected to the output end of the energy storage mechanism.

[0032] In this embodiment, in conjunction with the previous embodiment, firstly, the operating status data inside the vacuum tube is acquired, and the pressure and temperature values ​​in the vacuum environment of the vacuum tube are collected based on the sensors to determine the stability state of the vacuum environment. Based on the stability of the vacuum environment, analyze the contact condition of the main contact and the auxiliary contact, and determine whether there is abnormal wear or displacement from the collected contact point data. If there is an abnormality in the contact condition of the main contact or the auxiliary contact, the movement trajectory of the moving contact is adjusted through the driving mechanism to obtain the corrected contact position data; The response of the current control module is detected on the corrected contact position data, and the current fluctuation value is monitored in real time to determine whether the current carrying capacity is within a stable range. If it is within a stable range, the stability result of the current carrying capacity is generated. The efficiency of the connection and disconnection paths is evaluated based on the stability results of the current carrying capacity, and the reliability of the switching function is judged from the response time of the path switching. Meanwhile, based on the reliability data of the switching function, a preset threshold is used for comparison. If the reliability is lower than the preset threshold, the fine-tuning instruction of the driving mechanism is triggered to obtain the optimized path switching parameters. The operation configuration file of the vacuum tube is updated based on the optimized path switching parameters, and the adjusted parameters are synchronized to the control system through the information processing module to complete the dynamic adaptation of the operation status.

[0033] In this embodiment, the vacuum tube is monitored in real time, and the internal air pressure, temperature and contact status of the vacuum tube are dynamically detected and analyzed. The wear and displacement of the contacts are judged based on the stability of the vacuum environment of the vacuum tube, and the movement trajectory of the contacts is offset and corrected by the drive mechanism to keep the current carrying capacity within a stable range.

[0034] Furthermore, the switching efficiency is evaluated based on the current carrying stability results. When the evaluation result is lower than the threshold, a fine-tuning command is triggered to optimize the parameters, thereby improving the operating accuracy and reliability of the vacuum tube, ensuring the safety of the equipment, and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0035] In one embodiment, the switching mechanism further includes a cam synchronously driven by the switching shaft, the cam being used to rotate and adjust the adjusting coils of the upper and lower windings of the split transformer in phase, so that the output of the secondary voltage is kept synchronous; wherein, if a low-voltage winding in the split transformer fails, the adjustment maintains the normal operation of the remaining low-voltage windings, and the short-circuit current is limited by adjusting the impedance of the split branch.

[0036] In this embodiment, in conjunction with the previous embodiment, the operating status data of the low-voltage winding in the split transformer is collected in real time by a sensor, and the voltage and current signals of each winding are digitally processed to obtain a set of operating parameters for each winding. Based on the set of operating parameters, the state of the low-voltage winding is compared using a preset threshold range. If the voltage or current of a certain winding exceeds the threshold range, it is determined that the winding has a fault risk and the identification information of the faulty winding is determined. By using the identification information of the faulty winding, the switching mechanism is triggered to start the synchronous drive program of the switching axis, control the cam to rotate, adjust the angle of the corresponding turning coil in the split transformer, and obtain the adjusted secondary voltage data. The output synchronization status of the remaining low-voltage windings is detected using the adjusted secondary voltage data. If the output synchronization does not meet the preset standard, the impedance deviation between the split branches is calculated by the impedance adjustment module to obtain the impedance adjustment parameters. Based on the impedance adjustment parameters, the split branch is dynamically adjusted using the impedance adjustment module, and the fluctuation range of the short-circuit current is limited to obtain the adjusted current distribution data. Based on the adjusted current distribution data, the operational stability of each low-voltage winding in the split transformer is continuously monitored to determine whether the voltage output of the overall system meets the synchronization requirements and to determine the final operating status record.

[0037] In this embodiment, abnormal conditions of the low-voltage winding are detected and judged. Based on the judgment results, the faulty winding is identified, and then the turns ratio of the remaining windings is adjusted by using a cam to maintain normal voltage output.

[0038] Furthermore, when the synchronization requirement is not met, the impedance deviation between the split branches is calculated and dynamically corrected to limit abnormal fluctuations in the short-circuit current.

[0039] In one embodiment, when the main contact and the auxiliary contact separate, the arc is extinguished by the vacuum tube; the arc is extinguished rapidly based on the current zero crossing and the restoring dielectric strength of the vacuum tube; the switching shaft rotates synchronously based on the auxiliary transmission gear; the synchronous rotation enables the cam to complete the adjustment process of the control coil; During the adjustment process, the maximum impedance between the split branches in the split transformer is obtained, and the impedance of the split branch is adjusted to be close to that of the non-split winding. The branch fault is judged based on the impedance characteristics. If a branch is faulty, the other branches operate independently, and the adverse effects of the fault are reduced based on weak magnetic coupling. During the arc extinguishing process when the contacts of a vacuum tube are separated using high insulation strength, if the current reaches zero, the dielectric strength recovers rapidly and the arc is extinguished.

[0040] In this embodiment, combined with the previous embodiment, the arc diffusion (extinguishing) data when the main contact and the auxiliary contact separate is collected in real time by a sensor, and the high insulation performance of the vacuum tube is used for processing to obtain the real-time state parameters of the arc diffusion. Based on the real-time state parameters of arc diffusion and the detection signal of current zero crossing, if the current zero crossing signal is detected, the dielectric strength recovery mechanism is triggered to determine the recovery rate of the dielectric strength inside the vacuum tube. After obtaining the medium strength recovery rate, the synchronous rotation state of the switching shaft and the transmission gear is monitored; At the same time, based on the preset synchronous rotation threshold, the synchronous rotation state of the switching shaft and the transmission gear is compared to determine whether the synchronous rotation of the switching shaft and the transmission gear meets the control requirements of the adjustment coil. Based on the judgment results of synchronous rotation, real-time data is collected for the adjustment process of the winding coil to obtain the impedance characteristic distribution between the split branches and determine whether the impedance values ​​of each branch are balanced. Furthermore, the impedance characteristics are judged based on the impedance balance of the split branches. If the impedance characteristics of a certain branch exceed the preset range, the weak magnetic coupling mechanism is activated to obtain the independent operating parameters of the other branches. Based on the independent operating parameters under the weak magnetic coupling mechanism, the probability of branch failure is classified and predicted, and the existence of potential failure risks is determined, thus obtaining the classification and prediction results of branch failure. Based on the classification and prediction results of branch failures, risky branches are isolated to obtain isolated operational data, and the overall stability of the system is determined based on this operational data.

[0041] In this embodiment, the dynamic matching of adjustment actions is achieved by real-time monitoring of the arc state, current zero-crossing signal and mechanical synchronization during the contact separation process; when a deviation or fault is detected in the branch impedance, the normal branch is kept running independently through the weak magnetic coupling mechanism, and the risky branch is isolated to prevent the fault from spreading; thereby improving the operational safety and stability of the split transformer.

[0042] In one embodiment, transformer tap height information is obtained, and the modular arrangement of the dry insulation structure is adjusted according to the tap height information; the correspondence between switch position contacts and transformer taps is determined; if the correspondence is established, the dry insulation structure provides a uniform electric field distribution to reduce the level of partial discharge.

[0043] In this embodiment, combined with the previous embodiment, transformer tap height data is obtained. The height information of each tap position of the transformer is digitally recorded by a sensor and stored as an initial height dataset. Complete tap height information is obtained based on the initial height dataset. Data processing tools are used to classify and organize the height information in the initial height dataset. Based on the correspondence logic between transformer tap positions and tap heights, a mapping table between height and tap position is generated, and the associated data between tap position and height is determined based on this mapping table. The matching of switch positions and transformer positions is analyzed by mapping table. If the matching data does not match the preset threshold range, the switch position data is calibrated to obtain the accurate position contact correspondence. Furthermore, based on the correspondence of the gear positions and the adjustment requirements of the module layout, the modular design of the dry insulation structure is rearranged to generate an optimized insulation structure layout scheme and determine the adjustment result of the modular layout. The electric field distribution was simulated using the optimized insulation structure layout scheme. If the simulation results showed that the electric field distribution was not uniform, the parameters of the key areas of the insulation structure were fine-tuned to obtain distribution data of a near-uniform electric field. By analyzing the potential risk areas of partial discharge using uniform electric field distribution data, the insulation structure parameters of the risk areas are strengthened to generate the final optimized insulation structure scheme and determine the structural design to reduce partial discharge.

[0044] In this embodiment, the tap height information of each tap position of the transformer is collected, and a mapping relationship is established between the height information and the tap position, thereby realizing a one-to-one correspondence between the tap height and the contact point of the switch position. Meanwhile, based on the corresponding results, dynamic adjustments are made, and further optimizations are achieved through electric field distribution simulation and parameter fine-tuning. This yields approximately uniform electric field distribution data for each part of the transformer, thereby reducing the intensity of partial discharge. Consequently, the dielectric stress distribution of the transformer insulation system is significantly improved, enhancing the transformer's withstand voltage performance and insulation stability.

[0045] In one embodiment, deformation monitoring and contact gap measurement are performed on the contact surface of the tap changer, and motion parameters and stress distribution data between the auxiliary transmission gear and the switching shaft are collected. Synchronization deviation data are obtained by using high-frequency data acquisition, and combined with the dynamic mapping of the stress distribution at the contact point, an initial contact synchronization deviation distribution diagram and deformation characteristic value are obtained. Based on the initial contact synchronization deviation distribution diagram and deformation characteristic value, the synchronization deviation when the auxiliary transmission gear drives the switching shaft is corrected and calculated. At the same time, the vibration frequency when the contact is matched is analyzed to determine the optimal torque value and angular offset of the switching shaft for precision fastening, and a preliminary motion control command set is generated.

[0046] In this embodiment, in conjunction with the previous embodiment, the motion parameters and contact deformation data of the auxiliary transmission gear and the switching shaft are collected and recorded in real time. The data is segmented based on a preset sampling frequency to obtain preliminary correlation data between contact deformation and clearance measurement. Based on the preliminary correlation data between contact deformation and gap measurement, and combined with the dynamic changes in stress distribution, a distribution diagram of contact synchronization deviation is constructed. The key points in the distribution map are classified using the support vector machine algorithm, and the key areas of synchronization deviation are identified. Correlation analysis of motion parameters and vibration frequency was performed on key areas of synchronization deviation; If the vibration frequency exceeds the preset value, the running trajectory of the switching axis is adjusted to obtain the adjusted angle offset data. Based on the adjusted angle offset data, stress distribution and characteristic parameters, the torque values ​​of the switching shaft under different loads are calculated to obtain the optimal torque range for precision fastening; Match the optimal torque range with the angle offset data to generate a motion control command set for the secondary transmission gear; Based on this motion control instruction set, it is determined whether it meets the requirements for correcting synchronization deviation. If it does not meet the requirements, the instruction set is iteratively optimized to determine the final control instruction. After obtaining the final control command, the operating status of the switching shaft is dynamically monitored by combining the distribution diagram and the real-time feedback of the vibration frequency, and the stability data of the contact matching is obtained. Based on the stability data of the contact matching, the distribution diagram and characteristic parameters of the synchronization deviation are continuously updated to form a closed-loop data processing flow, which is used to determine whether the system operation has reached the preset stable state.

[0047] In this embodiment, the deformation and clearance of the tap changer contacts are monitored in real time. Based on the motion parameters and stress distribution data of the auxiliary transmission gear and switching shaft, a distribution model of contact synchronization deviation is constructed. Based on this distribution model, key deviation areas are identified, and the shortcomings of the optimal tightening torque range are determined by vibration frequency and angular deviation. This generates a targeted motion control command set, which is used for switching drive to correct synchronization deviations in the switching action. This improves contact matching accuracy and mechanical transmission coordination, and reduces poor contact and partial discharge. In one embodiment, motion control commands are executed, and a compensation mechanism based on the difference in contact thermal expansion coefficients is adopted; the fatigue evaluation model data of the contact surface material is monitored in real time. When a synchronization deviation is detected to exceed the preset range, the multi-dimensional resistance coefficient in the path planning is calculated, and the weights of each path node are dynamically distributed. Based on the dynamic distribution results of the weights, it is determined whether the source of the synchronization deviation is related to the path resistance. If the synchronization deviation is related to the path resistance, the geometric curvature smoothing and energy loss of the switching path are iteratively optimized to obtain the optimal switching path data; among which, the iterative optimization algorithm is the genetic mutation probability adjustment algorithm.

[0048] In this embodiment, in conjunction with the previous embodiment, synchronization deviation data generated during the execution of motion control commands is collected in real time, and the operating status data of each execution unit is obtained. Based on the operating status data of each execution unit, it is determined whether the synchronization deviation exceeds the preset threshold, and the deviation detection result is obtained. If the synchronization deviation exceeds the preset threshold, relevant path planning data is extracted from the deviation detection results, the resistance coefficient of each path node is calculated, and the resistance impact of each node is determined by using a pre-established resistance assessment model. Based on the degree of resistance, the weight distribution of path nodes is dynamically adjusted, and the correlation between synchronization deviation and path resistance is analyzed through weight distribution data to obtain a preliminary judgment result on the source of deviation. If the source of the deviation is related to path resistance, then the path resistance data is extracted from the preliminary judgment results, the path resistance data is subjected to geometric curvature smoothing, and the smoothed path is iteratively optimized using a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimized path curvature data. Based on the optimized path curvature data, calculate the energy loss value for switching paths; The path is adjusted a second time based on the energy loss value of the switching path to determine the final switching path scheme; By using the final switching path scheme, the parameter configuration of the motion control command is updated, and the material fatigue of the contact surface is monitored in real time to obtain fatigue assessment results. Based on the fatigue assessment results, thermal expansion difference data is used for compensation and adjustment to obtain the adjusted parameters. The adjusted parameters are then used to correct the motion control commands to determine whether they meet the synchronization requirements. If the synchronization requirements are met, the final execution plan is obtained.

[0049] In this embodiment, when a synchronization deviation exceeding a preset range is detected during the execution of motion control commands, the multi-dimensional resistance coefficient in the path planning is calculated, the resistance influence is evaluated based on the multi-dimensional resistance coefficient, and the motion path is optimized based on the evaluation results. Furthermore, thermal expansion difference compensation is performed on the optimized motion path to achieve real-time diagnosis and dynamic correction of synchronization deviations, thereby obtaining the optimal path scheme; combined with the fatigue assessment results of the contact material, the motion control parameters are compensated and adjusted based on the thermal expansion difference data to ensure that each execution unit maintains consistent action under different thermal and load conditions; thus, the energy loss and mechanical fatigue of the equipment are reduced.

[0050] In one embodiment, the adjusted operation control scheme is generated using the optimal switching path data; The effectiveness of the adjusted operation control scheme is monitored in real time to obtain feedback data on the synchronization and stability of the contacts; the feedback data is compared with preset thresholds. If the accuracy comparison results of the feedback data do not meet the preset matching requirements, the correlation between the switching path and the lifespan of the mechanical components will be judged. Based on the correlation judgment results, the iterative parameters of the synchronization calibration are adjusted; until the synchronization data meets the preset standard, the final operating parameter configuration is output.

[0051] In this embodiment, building upon the previous embodiment, an initial operation control scheme is generated using a pre-established path optimization model for the switching path data. Real-time execution effect data is acquired during the execution of the operation control scheme using data acquisition tools; and the changing trends of contact synchronization and stability values ​​are analyzed based on the execution effect data. Analytical tools are used to extract key indicators from the feedback data to obtain quantitative results of the connection synchronization and stability values. Based on the quantification results in the feedback data, they are compared with preset thresholds; If the comparison results do not meet the matching criteria, a correlation analysis between the switching path and the lifespan of mechanical components will be triggered to determine the basis for the correlation judgment. The impact of correlation judgment criteria on the lifespan and switching path of mechanical components is analyzed. Obtain the weight parameters that affect the switching path, and get the adjusted path optimization suggestions; Based on the path optimization suggestions, the iterative parameters of the synchronization calibration are adjusted. The synchronization configuration in the operation control scheme is updated using the parameter adjustment tool to determine the new combination of operation parameters. The operation control scheme is then re-executed based on the new combination of operation parameters. Collect updated feedback data, and based on this, determine whether the synchronization and stability values ​​of the docking point meet the matching criteria. If the updated feedback data still does not meet the matching standard, the operating parameter configuration will continue to be optimized through iterative parameters and synchronous calibration module; at the same time, during the cyclic adjustment process, operating parameters that meet the preset standard will be obtained and executed.

[0052] In this embodiment, an operation control scheme is generated based on the optimal switching path data, and the execution effect of the operation control scheme is monitored in real time. The synchronization of the obtained feedback data connection points and the system stability are analyzed, and the deviation of the feedback accuracy is determined based on the analysis results.

[0053] When a deviation in feedback accuracy is detected, the correlation between the switching path and the lifespan of mechanical components is analyzed and judged, and real-time dynamic adjustments are made based on the analysis results; this ensures that the equipment maintains stable performance under wear and environmental change conditions.

[0054] In this invention, system control is developed and executed through an FPGA or embedded system.

[0055] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A split-type synchronous on-load tap changer, characterized in that, include: The switching mechanism is provided in at least two sets, which are respectively connected to the energy storage mechanism. Each set of the switching mechanism includes a secondary transmission gear, and each secondary transmission gear meshes with the main transmission gear. The auxiliary transmission gear is connected to the switching shaft via a fixed component, and each switching shaft moves synchronously with the energy storage mechanism. The energy storage mechanism drives the main drive gear to rotate, which in turn drives the two auxiliary drive gears and their corresponding switching shafts to move synchronously. This drives the main and auxiliary contacts in the two sets of switching mechanisms to perform synchronous switching actions, enabling the load current to be switched without arcing between different tap contacts selected by the tap selector.

2. The split-type synchronous on-load tap changer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The controller is used to receive instructions and send control signals; The tap selector is electrically connected to the controller and is controlled by the controller to pre-select the tap contacts of the transformer winding; An energy storage mechanism, electrically connected to a controller, is controlled by the controller to store and release mechanical energy; The switching mechanism includes a first switching mechanism and a second switching mechanism, which are respectively set to correspond to the two split windings of the transformer.

3. The split-type synchronous on-load tap changer as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Vacuum tubes are used to carry electric current and extinguish electric arcs in a vacuum. The main and auxiliary contacts are driven by the moving contact inside the vacuum tube and are used to establish or disconnect the current path.

4. The split-type synchronous on-load tap changer as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Switching shafts are used to transmit mechanical power; The secondary transmission gear is fixedly mounted on the switching shaft; The main drive gear meshes with the auxiliary drive gears of the first and second switching mechanisms and is connected to the output end of the energy storage mechanism.

5. A split-type synchronous on-load tap changer as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The switching mechanism also includes a cam driven synchronously by the switching shaft. The cam is used to rotate and adjust the adjusting coils of the upper and lower windings of the split transformer in phase, so that the output of the secondary voltage is kept synchronous. If a low-voltage winding in the split transformer fails, the adjustment maintains the normal operation of the remaining low-voltage windings, and the short-circuit current is limited by adjusting the impedance of the split branch.

6. A split-type synchronous on-load tap changer as described in claim 5, characterized in that, When the main contact and auxiliary contact separate, the arc is extinguished by the vacuum tube; the arc is extinguished rapidly based on the current zero crossing and the restoring dielectric strength of the vacuum tube; the switching shaft rotates synchronously based on the auxiliary transmission gear; the synchronous rotation enables the cam to complete the adjustment process of the control coil; During the adjustment process, the maximum impedance between the split branches in the split transformer is obtained, and the impedance of the split branch is adjusted to be close to that of the non-split winding. The branch fault is judged based on the impedance characteristics. If a branch fails, the other branches operate independently. During the arc extinguishing process when the contacts of a vacuum tube are separated using high insulation strength, if the current reaches zero, the dielectric strength recovers rapidly and the arc is extinguished.

7. A split-type synchronous on-load tap changer as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Obtain transformer tap height information and adjust the modular layout of the dry insulation structure according to the tap height information; determine the correspondence between switch position contacts and transformer taps; if the correspondence is established, the dry insulation structure provides a uniform electric field distribution to reduce the level of partial discharge.

8. A split-type synchronous on-load tap changer as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Deformation monitoring and contact gap measurement were performed on the contact surface of the tap changer. Motion parameters and stress distribution data between the auxiliary transmission gear and the switching shaft were collected. Synchronization deviation data were obtained by high-frequency data acquisition. Combined with the dynamic mapping of the stress distribution at the contact point, the initial contact synchronization deviation distribution diagram and deformation characteristic value were obtained. Based on the initial contact synchronization deviation distribution diagram and deformation characteristic value, the synchronization deviation when the auxiliary transmission gear drives the switching shaft is corrected and calculated. At the same time, the vibration frequency when the contact is matched is analyzed to determine the optimal torque value and angular offset of the switching shaft for precision fastening, and a preliminary motion control command set is generated.

9. A split-type synchronous on-load tap changer as described in claim 8, characterized in that, It executes motion control commands and employs a compensation mechanism based on the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient of the contact points; it also monitors the fatigue evaluation model data of the contact surface material in real time. When a synchronization deviation is detected to exceed the preset range, the multi-dimensional resistance coefficient in the path planning is calculated, and the weights of each path node are dynamically distributed. Based on the dynamic distribution results of the weights, it is determined whether the source of the synchronization deviation is related to the path resistance. If the synchronization deviation is related to the path resistance, the geometric curvature smoothing and energy loss of the switching path are iteratively optimized to obtain the optimal switching path data; among which, the iterative optimization algorithm is the genetic mutation probability adjustment algorithm.

10. A split-type synchronous on-load tap changer as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The adjusted operation control scheme is generated using the optimal switching path data; The effectiveness of the adjusted operation control scheme is monitored in real time to obtain feedback data on the synchronization and stability of the contacts; the feedback data is compared with preset thresholds. If the accuracy comparison results of the feedback data do not meet the preset matching requirements, the correlation between the switching path and the lifespan of the mechanical components will be judged. Based on the correlation judgment results, the iterative parameters of the synchronization calibration are adjusted; until the synchronization data meets the preset standard, the final operating parameter configuration is output.

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