Transparent data management in islanding grid

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling the supply of electrical energy in an isolated power grid (1) comprising a bus (2) and a plurality of electrical units (3), which may be energy sources (4), loads (5) or couplers (6), the isolated power grid (1) further comprising electrical lines (7) for electrically connecting the energy sources (4) and the loads (5) and a communication interface (8) for data transmission between the electrical units (3), the energy sources (4) of the islanding grid (1) transmit data such as their respective actual values, margins and minimum target values to the remaining energy sources (4) in the islanding grid (1) via a communication interface (8), and the loads (5) of the islanding grid (1) transmit data such as their actual values and their maximum values in the islanding grid (1) via the communication interface (8). And the energy sources (4) of the isolated island grid (1) respectively calculate their respective target values on the basis of the data of the remaining energy sources (4) and of the loads (5) and transmit the target values to the remaining electrical units (3), the energy sources (4) being started or shut down or further readjusted. The invention also relates to a device for controlling the distribution of electrical energy in an isolated island grid (1).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the control of electrical units in an islanded power grid. Background Technology

[0002] An islanded power grid is used to provide electrical power and consists of fixed or mobile equipment that is not connected to the national public power grid. Depending on its purpose, an islanded power grid can be configured as a single network or multiple networks. Multiple networks consist of several grids that are connected or disconnected from each other.

[0003] In islanded power grids, computation is needed to monitor energy demand and manage energy extraction. Algorithms are used to perform these computations.

[0004] The configuration of islanded power grids, i.e., the interconnection or disconnection of subnetworks, typically requires assessments or calculations to determine the capacity and limits of these kontellations for further control or regulation. Furthermore, disconnections or interconnections requested by procedures or operators must be considered. These calculations include relevant current variables of energy sources and loads, as well as network target values. For AC, the relevant variables are frequency and voltage; for DC, the relevant variable is voltage. Potential bottlenecks in power transmission, such as gateways with limited current capacity, must also be carefully considered.

[0005] According to existing technology, in different independent electrical units (such as diesel generators, batteries, wave generators / motors, couplers, etc.) within an islanded power grid, these electrical units are controlled through direct data exchange (frequency, maximum power, actual power, actual voltage, reactive power, health status, operator commands, etc.) between these electrical units and the central unit / decision-making layer, thereby obtaining a central decision-making entity.

[0006] This type of communication and centralized decision-making in islanded power grids leads to complex and resource-intensive scalability. Changes in the islanded layout and its electrical units have a direct impact on the central system. Integrating new requirements or types of instruments with different regulation characteristics inevitably leads to inconsistencies.

[0007] Typically, the type and maximum number of electrical units are limited to enable the collection and evaluation of data and control of these units accordingly. For new types or schemes (e.g., changes in the priority of electrical units, particularly energy sources), corresponding data transmission must be adapted. This is complex and labor-intensive. Often, in addition to the actual algorithms, further calculations are performed to ensure the continued use of proven structures or processes.

[0008] In existing solutions, each participant in the network sends its data (frequency, maximum power, actual power, actual voltage, reactive power, health status, operator commands, etc.) to a central computing unit. There, the network status is assessed, and whether any action is needed is evaluated. The drawbacks of this approach are that the calculations can fail due to faults (interference with communication to the central unit, erroneous data manipulation), and it requires maintaining a relatively large data volume. Data is collected at the electrical unit level and then sent to a central evaluation unit. This unit then further distributes the acquired data to evaluation departments, power calculation departments, and safety systems, etc. Therefore, system-level expansion or increasing the number of electrical units per system requires a greater workload, as this data must first be collected and then centrally evaluated.

[0009] Furthermore, the evaluation results must be sent back to the execution unit to control the corresponding actions. The execution of actions requires control and further evaluation, which in turn must be transmitted to the central unit. In the central unit, these evaluations are analyzed, and there, additional actions and their communication paths must be defined. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The objective of this invention is to provide a method for controlling the power supply in an islanded power grid, which enables better expansion of the islanded power grid. Another objective of this invention is to provide a device for controlling the power distribution in an islanded power grid.

[0011] For the purpose of a method for controlling the power supply in an islanded power grid, the present invention achieves this purpose by means of a method in which the islanded power grid includes a bus and multiple electrical units, which may be power sources, loads, or couplers, and the islanded power grid also includes wires for electrically connecting the power sources and loads and communication interfaces for data transmission between the electrical units. The power sources of the islanded power grid transmit data such as their respective actual values, margins, and minimum target values ​​to the remaining power sources in the islanded power grid via the communication interface. The loads of the islanded power grid transmit data such as their actual values ​​and their maximum achievable values ​​in the islanded power grid via the communication interface. The power sources of the islanded power grid calculate their respective target values ​​based on the data from the remaining power sources and loads, and transmit the target values ​​to the remaining electrical units, wherein the power sources are started up, stopped, or further readjusted.

[0012] This data is then used to trigger other steps for the islanded power grid in the corresponding electrical unit (power correction, standby, startup, and shutdown of the electrical unit). Through the speed of data transmission and multiple transmissions, it is ensured that all electrical units have the same available data throughout their calculation cycle.

[0013] This allows for the regulation of power across the entire islanded grid between electrical units. Purely "intelligent" loads transmit their actual values ​​and maximum achievable values ​​within the islanded grid, enabling energy sources to calculate whether additional energy sources need to be connected to the network.

[0014] It might be appropriate to issue recommendations for load limiting based on data exchanged within the islanded grid. This measure could help stabilize the islanded grid by preventing overload. Recommendations for load limiting could also enable more efficient use of available energy sources. By adjusting the load, energy can be distributed more evenly, thereby optimizing the use of available resources. This could, in turn, help reduce energy costs, as targeted load control allows for more efficient use of energy sources.

[0015] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, in the event of a fault, the layout of the islanded power grid is modified based on actual values, i.e., at least one coupler is switched. Adjusting the layout of the islanded power grid can help maintain network stability. By switching couplers, overloaded or faulty areas can be disconnected, ensuring the overall stability of the network.

[0016] Advantageously, the transmission of data from one electrical unit to the others is performed in a time-controlled and periodic manner. This better coordinates data transmission and avoids potential overloads or bottlenecks. This helps maintain consistent system performance and ensures stable operation.

[0017] Advantageously, the tasks of the electrical unit are processed in time segments, and data transmission is performed in the first time segment. In this invention, a time segment (or time gap) is defined as a fixed-length time piece for data exchange, wherein the time segment is provided periodically, or in other words, a time segment is a periodic allocation of resources for repeated use within a fixed time segment.

[0018] The length of a time period is determined based on the requirements and specifications of the corresponding system or underlying technology. The specific determination of the time period length can depend on various factors, including the type of resources used within the time period, system efficiency, performance requirements, transmission speed, or other relevant standards. Typically, the time period length is determined considering optimal resource utilization and efficient allocation of available time segments.

[0019] Ideally, the electrical unit processes the received data in a second time period, which is slower than the first time period. This ensures that, at any given point in time, the latest data is available. Therefore, the transmitted data is sent at a higher clock frequency than the time required to process it, or more precisely, the duration of the clock frequency used for data transmission is shorter than the time available for processing.

[0020] Advantageously, the electrical units operate independently of each other in terms of synchronization. Independent electrical units allow for decentralized control. Each unit can autonomously process and make decisions based on its individual needs and requirements. This makes the system more flexible and adaptable, especially in dynamic environments or distributed systems. New units can be integrated into existing systems relatively easily if synchronization is not required. Complex synchronization mechanisms that facilitate scalability are not necessary.

[0021] Ideally, time periods should be uniformly defined in islanded power grids. Uniformly defined time periods allow for optimized resource utilization within the islanded power grid. These time periods can be designed to ensure the effective allocation and utilization of transmission capacity, storage resources, and other system resources.

[0022] Advantageously, the power of energy sources can be adjusted based on the allocated data, or the energy sources can be started or stopped based on the allocated data after the islanded power grid has been stabilized.

[0023] Furthermore, it is advantageous to set parameters for individual or multiple electrical units within an islanded grid via a user interface. This ability to set parameters through the user interface provides users with greater control and allows for optimized utilization of the islanded grid. This improves the system's flexibility, adaptability, and efficiency, and helps achieve desired power and operational targets.

[0024] Another advantage is that communication between electrical units is wired. Wired connections are generally more stable and less susceptible to interference or connection interruptions, especially in challenging environments with relatively strong electromagnetic interference. Furthermore, cable-based systems typically offer higher bandwidth, which is important when large amounts of data need to be transmitted.

[0025] The purpose of the device is achieved through a means for controlling the distribution of electrical energy in an islanded power grid. The islanded power grid includes a bus and multiple electrical units, which can be energy sources, loads, or couplers. The islanded power grid also includes wires for electrically connecting the energy sources and loads, and a communication interface for data transmission between the electrical units. The electrical units are configured such that the energy sources of the islanded power grid transmit data such as their respective actual values, margins, and minimum target values ​​to the remaining energy sources in the islanded power grid via the communication interface. The loads of the islanded power grid transmit data such as their actual values ​​and their maximum achievable values ​​within the islanded power grid via the communication interface. Furthermore, the energy sources of the islanded power grid calculate their respective target values ​​based on the data from the remaining energy sources and loads, and transmit these target values ​​to the remaining electrical units. The energy sources are then started, stopped, or readjusted.

[0026] This invention improves the scalability of islanded power grids and eliminates the need for one or more master devices in the energy management system. Technically, master devices still exist at the system level for various inputs from operators, such as inputs for priority lists. In the past, switching and dynamic scaling up or down increased the workload in terms of one-to-one communication and scalability. Furthermore, dynamic processes where the number of master devices has changed are prone to fault behavior or execution delays. The solution proposed in this invention can be applied to multiple logic controllers depending on technical or organizational framework conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The invention is explained in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are schematic and not to scale:

[0028] Figure 1 An apparatus for controlling power distribution in an islanded power grid according to the present invention is shown;

[0029] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 An isolated power grid, which only has energy sources in their first state;

[0030] Figure 3 It shows Figure 1 An isolated power grid, which only has energy sources in the second state; and

[0031] Figure 4 It shows Figure 1 An isolated power grid, which only has energy sources in the third state. Detailed Implementation

[0032] Figure 1 An apparatus for controlling the distribution of electrical energy in an islanded power grid 1 is illustrated schematically and exemplary. The islanded power grid 1 includes a bus 2 and multiple electrical units 3, which may be energy sources 4, loads 5, or couplers 6. Furthermore, the islanded power grid 1 includes wires 7 for electrically connecting the energy sources 4 and loads 5 via the bus 2, and a communication interface 8 for data transmission between the electrical units 3. Figure 1 In this embodiment, a ring topology is used to enable communication between the electrical units 3. In this ring topology, each electrical unit 3 has an input cable and an output cable to establish a connection to two adjacent electrical units 3. Using a ring topology for communication provides the advantage of redundancy and is particularly useful when high availability is paramount. Due to the closed cable path and the ability to switch to bus operation in case of interference, the ring topology is a reliable and robust solution for data communication. Figure 1User interface 9 is also shown, through which users can communicate with and perform actions on the isolated power grid 1. User interface 9 enables users to communicate with the system and perform actions, such as loading a priority list of energy sources 4 into the isolated power grid. This can be done via keyboard input, mouse movement, touchscreen, voice commands, or other input methods.

[0033] The connections shown should be understood as examples. This illustration does not imply that there must be a (direct) physical connection between electrical units 3.

[0034] Figures 2 to 4 Indicative and in comparison Figure 1 A simplified representation is shown of an islanded power grid 1 with energy sources 4 according to the invention. These energy sources, along with the remaining electrical units 3, are configured such that they transmit data such as their respective actual values, margins, and minimum target values ​​to the remaining energy sources 4 in the islanded power grid 1 via a communication interface 8. Figure 3 Data such as their actual values ​​and their maximum values ​​that can be achieved are provided to the loads 5 (not shown in Figure 5) via the communication interface 8. The energy source 4 of the islanded power grid 1 then calculates their respective target values ​​based on the data from the other energy sources 4 and the loads 5, and transmits these target values ​​to the corresponding other electrical units 3.

[0035] For example, Figure 2 The state of islanded power grid 1 before a fault is shown. Electrical units 3a to 3f are interconnected to form a network / island including energy sources 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d. Decisions are made regarding this network. A fault in energy source 4c results in the loss of that energy source, and couplers 6e and 6f disconnect the island. Figure 3 ). Figure 4 The display shows that power source 4b replaces the faulty power source 4c. Furthermore, since the island is now disconnected, power source 4d must be activated. This process typically must be completed within a few seconds, and the response time of each feedback is critical here.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the power supply in an islanded power grid (1), the islanded power grid (1) comprising a bus (2) and a plurality of electrical units (3), the electrical units (3) being energy sources (4), loads (5) or couplers (6), the islanded power grid (1) further comprising wires (7) for electrically connecting the energy sources (4) and the loads (5) and a communication interface (8) for data transmission between the electrical units (3), characterized in that, The energy sources (4) of the isolated power grid (1) transmit data such as their actual values, margins and minimum target values ​​to the other energy sources (4) in the isolated power grid (1) via the communication interface (8). The loads (5) of the isolated power grid (1) transmit data such as their actual values ​​and maximum values ​​that they can reach in the isolated power grid (1) via the communication interface (8). The energy sources (4) of the isolated power grid (1) calculate their respective target values ​​based on the data of the other energy sources (4) and the loads (5) and transmit the target values ​​to the other electrical units (3). The energy sources (4) are started up, stopped or further readjusted.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Issue at least one recommendation for limiting load (5).

3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein, In the event of a fault, the layout of the islanded power grid is modified based on the actual values.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The transmission of data from the electrical unit (3) to the other electrical units (3) is performed in a time-controlled manner and periodically.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The electrical unit (3) processes the tasks in time periods and performs the data transmission in the first time period.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The electrical units (3) operate independently of each other in terms of synchronization.

7. The method according to any one of claims 5 or 6, wherein, The electrical unit (3) processes the received data in a second time period, which is slower than the first time period.

8. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein, In the isolated power grid (1), the time period is uniformly defined.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Based on the allocated data, the power of energy source (4) is corrected.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The energy source (4) starts or stops based on the allocated data.

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Parameters of one or more electrical units (3) are set in the isolated power grid (1) via the user interface (9).

12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The communication between the electrical units (3) is wired.

13. A device for controlling the distribution of electrical energy in an islanded power grid (1), the islanded power grid (1) comprising a bus (2) and a plurality of electrical units (3), the electrical units (3) being energy sources (4), loads (5) or couplers (6), the islanded power grid (1) further comprising wires (7) for electrically connecting the energy sources (4) and the loads (5) and a communication interface for data transmission between the electrical units (3), characterized in that, The electrical unit (3) is configured such that the energy sources (4) of the islanded power grid (1) transmit data such as their respective actual values, margins and minimum target values ​​to the other energy sources (4) in the islanded power grid (1) via the communication interface (8), the loads (5) of the islanded power grid (1) transmit data such as their actual values ​​and their maximum values ​​in the islanded power grid (1) via the communication interface (8), and the energy sources (4) of the islanded power grid (1) calculate their respective target values ​​based on the data of the other energy sources (4) and the loads (5), and transmit the target values ​​to the corresponding other electrical units (3), wherein the energy sources (4) are started up or stopped or further readjusted.

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