Bacteria enzyme compound feed additive and preparation method thereof
By combining compound probiotics, enzyme preparations, prebiotics and thyme essential oil, the problems of poor synergistic effect and stability of compound feed additives with bacteria and enzymes are solved, achieving efficient intestinal regulation and nutrient absorption, and improving livestock and poultry production performance and immune function.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511693002.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-27
AI Technical Summary
Existing probiotic-enzyme compound feed additives have shortcomings in terms of synergistic effect, stability, and feed nutrient absorption and utilization rate. Probiotics are easily lost, enzyme preparations are easily degraded, and there is a lack of synergistic compatibility with prebiotics, resulting in low efficiency of intestinal regulation and nutrient absorption.
This product combines compound probiotics, compound enzyme preparations, prebiotics, and thyme essential oil, and encapsulates them with protein-based microcapsule coating materials to form a bacterial-enzyme compound feed additive. The probiotics form a biofilm on the intestinal mucosa, the enzyme preparations decompose macromolecular nutrients, the prebiotics provide energy for the probiotics, and the thyme essential oil enhances the antibacterial effect. The product is also cross-linked with covalent bonds to form a stable microcapsule coating material.
It significantly increases the proportion of beneficial bacteria in the gut, reduces the number of harmful bacteria, improves the absorption and utilization rate of feed nutrients, enhances the immune function of livestock and poultry, improves the intestinal environment, and improves production performance.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of compound functional feed additives, and in particular to a bacterial enzyme compound feed additive and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] As livestock and poultry farming develops towards intensification and large-scale operations, feed additives are becoming increasingly crucial to the profitability of farming. In traditional farming, although antibiotic additives can prevent diseases and promote growth in the short term, long-term use can easily lead to drug resistance in pathogens and drug residues in animal products, threatening food safety and public health. This is inconsistent with the trend of green feed additives that promote "antibiotic-free farming".
[0003] Currently, the research and development of antibiotic-free feed additives mainly focuses on single or simple compound products such as probiotics and enzyme preparations. Probiotics colonize the animal's intestines, competitively inhibiting pathogens and maintaining the balance of the microecology. Enzymes can effectively decompose anti-nutritional factors and complex macromolecules in feed, releasing more usable nutrients. However, there are still many technical bottlenecks in the practical application of probiotics and enzyme preparations. The activity of probiotics and enzyme preparations is easily lost, resulting in low bioavailability. Probiotics, such as lactobacilli, have poor environmental tolerance and are easily inactivated in the high temperature of feed pelleting, humidity changes during transportation and storage, and the acidic environment of livestock and poultry stomachs, making it difficult to colonize in the intestines and exert their effects. Enzymes, such as cellulase and protease, are easily degraded by pepsin and trypsin, or antagonize probiotics due to direct contact, resulting in poor synergistic effects. Furthermore, existing bacterial-enzyme compound additives often only focus on the simple physical mixing of bacteria and enzymes, failing to systematically integrate synergistic components such as prebiotics, and failing to fully utilize the synergistic effects between the components.
[0004] Furthermore, current feed additives have limited functions in regulating the intestinal microecology, with limited effects on disease resistance and growth promotion. Some probiotic additives can only regulate the balance of the gut microbiota but lack the ability to degrade feed nutrients. Moreover, most products do not consider the synergistic compatibility between prebiotics and probiotics, simply adding prebiotics without optimizing their ratio with probiotics. This results in prebiotics failing to accurately provide energy to probiotics, leading to low probiotic proliferation efficiency and limited inhibitory effects.
[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a compound feed additive with synergistic effects of bacteria and enzymes, high stability, and the ability to simultaneously improve the production performance and immune function of livestock and poultry. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a bacterial enzyme compound feed additive to solve the problems of poor bacterial enzyme synergistic effect, weak stability and low feed nutrient absorption and utilization rate in existing bacterial enzyme compound feed additives.
[0007] The present invention also aims to provide a method for preparing a bacterial enzyme compound feed additive.
[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a microbial enzyme compound feed additive, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of compound probiotics; 10-30 parts of compound enzyme preparation; 20-30 parts of protein-based microencapsulation material; 5-10 parts thyme essential oil; The compound feed additive containing bacteria and enzymes also includes 3 to 8 parts of prebiotics.
[0009] By adopting the above technical solutions, the compound probiotics of this invention (10-30 parts) can form a biofilm on the surface of the intestinal mucosa of livestock and poultry, tightly attaching to the intestinal epithelial cells, reducing the colonization space of pathogens, and simultaneously producing short-chain fatty acids such as acetic acid and propionic acid, lowering the intestinal pH value, and creating an acidic environment unfavorable to the growth of harmful bacteria. The compound probiotics can also secrete antibacterial substances such as bacteriocins, directly inhibiting the activity of common intestinal pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella, and can also activate intestinal mucosal immune cells, enhancing the animal's own immunity. The aerobic bacteria in the compound probiotics can rapidly consume oxygen in the intestine, creating an anaerobic environment, providing favorable conditions for the proliferation of anaerobic beneficial bacteria. The compound probiotics of this invention are compounded in a specific ratio to synergistically form a multi-level, functionally complementary probiotic community.
[0010] By using 10-30 parts of the compound enzyme preparation of this invention, large molecular proteins such as soybean protein and casein in feed that are difficult to digest can be broken down into small molecular peptides and amino acids, thereby improving the absorption and utilization rate of protein and reducing harmful substances such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide produced by the decomposition of undigested protein by harmful bacteria in the intestine. In addition, the compound enzyme preparation can also specifically decompose β-mannan in feed ingredients. β-mannan is a typical anti-nutritional factor that can hinder nutrient absorption and cause intestinal inflammation. After enzymatic hydrolysis, it can not only eliminate the anti-nutritional effect, but also release probiotic substances such as mannan oligosaccharides, indirectly providing nutrition for probiotics.
[0011] By combining probiotics and enzyme preparations, not only can the decomposition efficiency of feed nutrients be significantly improved, providing more available substrates for the proliferation of probiotics, but also the viscosity of intestinal contents can be reduced through enzymatic hydrolysis, improving the intestinal physical environment and creating favorable conditions for the colonization and function of probiotics.
[0012] The bacterial-enzyme compound feed additive of this invention also includes 3-8 parts of prebiotics. By adding prebiotics, synergy with the compound probiotics can be achieved. Prebiotics, as a dedicated nutrient source for probiotics, cannot be broken down by the digestive enzymes of livestock and poultry, but can be specifically utilized by Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus in the compound probiotics. For example, fructooligosaccharides can be rapidly broken down by Bifidobacteria through fructosylase, providing energy for their proliferation and rapidly increasing the number of beneficial bacteria in the intestines in a short period of time. In addition, besides providing energy, mannose oligosaccharides can also bind to mannose receptors on the surface of harmful bacteria in the intestines, preventing harmful bacteria from attaching to intestinal epithelial cells, thus complementing the competitive site-occupancy effect of probiotics. After adding prebiotics, the probiotics have a stronger colonization ability and a longer survival time in the intestines, solving the problems of slow proliferation and easy loss of probiotics in the intestines.
[0013] In addition, this invention also includes 5-10 parts of thyme essential oil. The addition of thyme essential oil achieves a dual effect of enhanced antibacterial efficacy and intestinal protection. The core active ingredients in thyme essential oil, thymol and carvacrol, can disrupt the cell membrane structure of pathogenic bacteria, enhancing the inhibitory effect of the compound probiotics on harmful bacteria, especially showing significant synergistic antibacterial effects against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens. Simultaneously, thyme essential oil can stimulate the gastrointestinal mucosa of livestock and poultry, promote the secretion of digestive juices, and increase the activity of endogenous digestive enzymes such as trypsin and amylase. This forms a synergistic effect with exogenous compound enzyme preparations, further improving feed digestibility. It also reduces the negative impact of oxidative stress on probiotics and enzyme activity, working together with probiotics to maintain the balance of the intestinal microecology.
[0014] To address the issue of the activity of compounded probiotics and enzymes being easily affected by the external environment, this invention utilizes protein-based microcapsule coating materials to encapsulate compound probiotics, compound enzyme preparations, prebiotics, and thyme essential oil. The protein-based microcapsules are covalently cross-linked, forming a relatively dense protein membrane. This membrane not only blocks the effects of external high temperatures and humidity on the effective components of the compound probiotic-enzyme feed but also enhances the mechanical strength and acid resistance of the coating membrane, ensuring that the microcapsule coating materials do not dissolve or rupture in the stomach, preventing the active substances from being destroyed by gastric acid and pepsin. When the microcapsule coating materials enter the small intestine, the intestinal proteases gradually degrade the microcapsule coating materials, achieving targeted release of the effective components of the compound probiotic-enzyme feed and ensuring that the probiotics and enzyme preparations exert their effects at the effective sites in the intestine.
[0015] Preferably, the compound probiotics include Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 1:(0.3-0.7):(0.3-0.7).
[0016] Preferably, the viable count of Bifidobacterium is not less than 8 × 10⁻⁶. 7 CFU / g; viable count of Lactobacillus not less than 1×10⁻⁶ 8CFU / g; viable count of Bacillus subtilis not less than 1×10⁻⁶ 8 CFU / g.
[0017] Preferably, the prebiotic includes one or more of the following: fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, isomaltooligosaccharides, and mannose.
[0018] Preferably, the complex enzyme preparation includes at least two of cellulase, β-mannanase, lactase, protease and lipase.
[0019] More preferably, the complex enzyme preparation includes cellulase, β-mannanase and protease.
[0020] Preferably, the raw materials for the protein-based microcapsule coating material include sodium caseinate and transglutaminase in a mass ratio of (3-5):1.
[0021] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing a bacterial enzyme compound feed additive, comprising the following steps: S1. Add the corresponding weight parts of compound probiotics, compound enzyme preparation, prebiotics and thyme essential oil into the mixing tank in sequence. After stirring continuously at a speed of 50-100 r / min for 30-60 min, add water and continue stirring for 3-10 min to obtain the bacterial enzyme mixture. S2. Dissolve sodium caseinate in water to prepare a sodium caseinate solution; add the bacterial enzyme mixture to the sodium caseinate solution under continuous stirring to form a uniform suspension; then add transglutaminase to carry out a cross-linking reaction, and granulate and coat the mixture through a spray drying process, controlling the inlet air temperature to 150-170°C and the outlet air temperature to 70-85°C to obtain the final product.
[0022] Preferably, in step S1, the moisture content of the bacterial enzyme mixture is 5% to 20%.
[0023] Preferably, in step S2, the mass concentration of the sodium caseinate solution is 10% to 15%.
[0024] Preferably, in step S2, the crosslinking reaction is carried out at a temperature of 35–50°C for 5–30 min.
[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention constructs a highly efficient synergistic system by combining compound probiotics, compound enzyme preparations, and prebiotics. Probiotics form a functionally complementary flora in a specific ratio, achieving colonization and direct antibacterial activity; the compound enzyme preparation decomposes macromolecular nutrients and anti-nutritional factors, releasing beneficial substances; and the prebiotics provide energy for the probiotics and prevent the attachment of harmful bacteria. The synergistic effect of these three components increases the proportion of beneficial bacteria in the gut, reduces the number of harmful bacteria, decreases the generation of harmful substances, and simultaneously improves the absorption and utilization rate of feed nutrients.
[0026] 2. This invention achieves a synergistic effect with probiotics by adding thyme essential oil, thereby enhancing the antibacterial effect. At the same time, it can stimulate the secretion of digestive juices in the gastrointestinal tract and form a synergistic effect with the compound enzyme preparation, thereby improving the nutrient degradation effect.
[0027] 3. By adding sodium caseinate and transglutaminase coating materials, this invention alleviates the problem that the activity of the compound bacterial enzyme is easily affected by the external environment, improves the targeted release of the effective components of the compound bacterial enzyme feed, and ensures that probiotics and enzyme preparations play their role in the effective parts of the intestine. Detailed Implementation
[0028] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
[0029] Example
[0030] Example 1: A compound feed additive containing microorganisms and enzymes, comprising the following steps: S1. Add 20 parts of compound probiotics, 20 parts of compound enzyme preparation, 6 parts of prebiotics, and 8 parts of thyme essential oil sequentially to a mixing jar. Stir continuously at 60 rpm for 30 minutes, then add water and continue stirring for 5 minutes to obtain a bacterial-enzyme mixture with a water content of 8%. The compound probiotics consist of Bifidobacterium (8 × 10⁻⁵) at a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.5. 7 CFU / g), Lactobacillus (1×10) 8 CFU / g) and Bacillus subtilis (1×10) 8 The complex enzyme preparation consists of protease, cellulase, and β-mannanase in a mass ratio of 0.3:0.5:1; the prebiotics consist of fructooligosaccharides and mannose in a mass ratio of 1:1.
[0031] S2. Dissolve 20 parts of sodium caseinate in water to prepare a sodium caseinate solution with a mass concentration of 12%; under continuous stirring, add the bacterial enzyme mixture to the sodium caseinate solution to form a uniform suspension; then add 5 parts of transglutaminase to carry out a cross-linking reaction at a temperature of 41°C for 10 minutes, and then granulate and coat the mixture by spray drying, controlling the inlet air temperature at 150°C and the outlet air temperature at 70°C to obtain a bacterial enzyme compound feed additive.
[0032] Example 2, a bacterial enzyme compound feed additive, comprising the following steps: S1. Add 10 parts of compound probiotics, 10 parts of compound enzyme preparation, 3 parts of prebiotics, and 5 parts of thyme essential oil to a mixing jar in sequence. Stir continuously at 60 r / min for 30 min, then add water and continue stirring for 5 min to obtain a bacterial-enzyme mixture with a water content of 8%. The compound probiotics are Bifidobacterium (8 × 10⁻⁵) in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.5. 7 CFU / g), Lactobacillus (1×10) 8 CFU / g) and Bacillus subtilis (1×10) 8 The complex enzyme preparation consists of protease, cellulase, and β-mannanase in a mass ratio of 0.3:0.5:1; the prebiotics consist of fructooligosaccharides and mannose in a mass ratio of 1:1.
[0033] S2. Dissolve 16 parts of sodium caseinate in water to prepare a sodium caseinate solution with a mass concentration of 12%; under continuous stirring, add the bacterial enzyme mixture to the sodium caseinate solution to form a uniform suspension; then add 4 parts of transglutaminase to carry out a cross-linking reaction at a temperature of 41°C for 10 minutes, and then granulate and coat the mixture by spray drying, controlling the inlet air temperature at 150°C and the outlet air temperature at 70°C to obtain a bacterial enzyme compound feed additive.
[0034] Example 3, a bacterial enzyme compound feed additive, comprising the following steps: S1. Add 30 parts of compound probiotics, 30 parts of compound enzyme preparation, 8 parts of prebiotics, and 10 parts of thyme essential oil to a mixing jar in sequence. Stir continuously at 60 r / min for 30 min, then add water and continue stirring for 5 min to obtain a bacterial-enzyme mixture with a water content of 8%. The compound probiotics are Bifidobacterium (8 × 10⁻⁵) in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.5. 7 CFU / g), Lactobacillus (1×10) 8 CFU / g) and Bacillus subtilis (1×10) 8 The complex enzyme preparation consists of protease, cellulase, and β-mannanase in a mass ratio of 0.3:0.5:1; the prebiotics consist of fructooligosaccharides and mannose in a mass ratio of 1:1.
[0035] S2. Dissolve 24 parts of sodium caseinate in water to prepare a sodium caseinate solution with a mass concentration of 12%; under continuous stirring, add the bacterial enzyme mixture to the sodium caseinate solution to form a uniform suspension; then add 6 parts of transglutaminase to carry out a cross-linking reaction at a temperature of 41°C for 10 minutes, and then granulate and coat the mixture by spray drying, controlling the inlet air temperature at 150°C and the outlet air temperature at 70°C to obtain a bacterial enzyme compound feed additive.
[0036] Comparative Example
[0037] Comparative Example 1, a compound probiotic feed additive, differs from Example 1 only in that the amount of compound probiotics added is 5 parts.
[0038] Comparative Example 2, a bacterial enzyme compound feed additive, differs from Example 1 only in that the amount of protein-based microcapsule coating material added is 10 parts.
[0039] Comparative Example 3, a bacterial enzyme compound feed additive, differs from Example 1 only in that it does not contain protein-based microcapsule coating material.
[0040] Comparative Example 4 is a bacterial enzyme compound feed additive, which differs from Example 1 only in that it does not contain prebiotics.
[0041] Comparative Example 5, a bacterial enzyme compound feed additive, differs from Example 1 only in that it does not contain thyme essential oil.
[0042] Performance testing
[0043] This experiment used 270 weaned piglets aged 30 days, which were randomly divided into 9 groups of 30 piglets each, with 8 experimental groups and one control group.
[0044] The experimental group received a basal diet supplemented with the microbial enzyme compound feed additives prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5, added at a rate of 2%. The control group received a basal diet without the microbial enzyme compound feed additive. The experiment lasted for 21 days. During the experiment, the piglets' feeding, fecal condition, and diarrhea were observed daily. The initial weight of the piglets was recorded before the experiment and the final initial weight was recorded after the experiment. Daily feed intake and daily weight gain were also recorded.
[0045] Table 1 Performance test results
[0046] According to Table 1, and in conjunction with Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the average final weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, and diarrhea rate of Comparative Example 1 are all lower than those of Example 1. The reason for this is that the number of probiotic additions in Comparative Example 1 is 5 parts. When the amount of probiotics added is reduced, the number of functionally complementary bacteria composed of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacillus subtilis in the intestine is insufficient, making it difficult to form a stable biofilm on the intestinal mucosa. This leads to a decrease in the production of short-chain fatty acids through metabolism, resulting in an increase in the proliferation of harmful bacteria and a higher diarrhea rate. At the same time, the insufficient number of probiotics also prevents them from working synergistically with enzyme preparations to improve the intestinal environment, reducing the efficiency of feed nutrient absorption and consequently leading to a decrease in daily weight gain and feed intake.
[0047] Combining Example 1 and Comparative Example 3, it can be seen that the average final weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, and diarrhea rate of Comparative Example 3 are all lower than those of Example 1. The reason is that Comparative Example 3 did not add protein-based microcapsule coating material, so the bacterial enzymes, prebiotics, and thyme essential oil were directly exposed to the external environment, and their activity was easily affected by the environment, resulting in a weakening of the effective ingredients. Furthermore, when the bacterial enzymes, prebiotics, and thyme essential oil entered the stomach, the remaining effective ingredients were partially degraded by gastric acid and pepsin, and their effect was relatively weak after reaching the intestines.
[0048] Combining Example 1 and Comparative Example 4, it can be seen that the average final weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, and diarrhea rate of Comparative Example 4 are all lower than those of Example 1. The reason is that Comparative Example 4 did not add prebiotics, so the compound probiotics lacked a specific nutrient source. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli could not proliferate rapidly through prebiotics, the number of beneficial bacteria in the intestine increased slowly, the inhibitory effect on harmful bacteria was weakened, and the diarrhea rate increased. At the same time, the lack of prebiotics also prevented the colonization of harmful bacteria by binding to the surface receptors of harmful bacteria, further weakening the intestinal barrier function. In addition, the insufficient proliferation of probiotics could not synergistically improve the intestinal digestive environment with enzyme preparations, resulting in a decrease in feed nutrient absorption efficiency and a reduction in daily weight gain and feed intake.
[0049] Combining Example 1 and Comparative Example 5, it can be seen that the average final weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, and diarrhea rate of Comparative Example 5 are all lower than those of Example 1. The reason is that Comparative Example 5 did not add thyme essential oil, thus losing its synergistic antibacterial effect with probiotics, weakening the inhibitory effect on drug-resistant pathogens, and increasing the diarrhea rate. The absence of thyme essential oil cannot alleviate the slight antagonism and oxidative stress between bacteria and enzymes, and the activity and stability of probiotics and enzyme preparations decrease, resulting in production performance indicators lower than those of Example 1.
[0050] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely a few specific examples of the present invention. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any variations that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A compound feed additive containing microorganisms and enzymes, characterized in that, The components include the following parts by weight: 10-30 parts of compound probiotics; 10-30 parts of compound enzyme preparation; 20-30 parts of protein-based microencapsulation material; 5-10 parts thyme essential oil; The bacterial enzyme compound feed additive also includes 3 to 8 parts of prebiotics.
2. The bacterial enzyme compound feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound probiotics include Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 1:(0.3-0.7):(0.3-0.7).
3. The bacterial enzyme compound feed additive according to claim 2, characterized in that, The viable count of the Bifidobacterium is not less than 8 × 10⁻⁶. 7 CFU / g; the viable count of the lactobacillus is not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g; the viable count of the Bacillus subtilis is not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g.
4. The bacterial enzyme compound feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The prebiotics include one or more of the following: fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, isomaltooligosaccharides, and mannose.
5. The bacterial enzyme compound feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound enzyme preparation includes at least two of cellulase, β-mannanase, lactase, protease, and lipase.
6. The bacterial enzyme compound feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw materials for the protein-based microcapsule coating material include sodium caseinate and transglutaminase in a mass ratio of (3-5):
1.
7. A method for preparing a bacterial enzyme compound feed additive, using the bacterial enzyme compound feed additive as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Add the corresponding weight parts of compound probiotics, compound enzyme preparation, prebiotics and thyme essential oil into the mixing tank in sequence. After stirring continuously at a speed of 50-100 r / min for 30-60 min, add water and continue stirring for 3-10 min to obtain the bacterial enzyme mixture. S2. Dissolve sodium caseinate in water to prepare a sodium caseinate solution; add the bacterial enzyme mixture to the sodium caseinate solution under continuous stirring to form a uniform suspension; then add transglutaminase to carry out a cross-linking reaction, and granulate and coat the mixture through a spray drying process, controlling the inlet air temperature to 150-170°C and the outlet air temperature to 70-85°C to obtain the final product.
8. The method for preparing a bacterial enzyme compound feed additive according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S1, the moisture content of the bacterial enzyme mixture is 5% to 20%.
9. The method for preparing a bacterial enzyme compound feed additive according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S2, the mass concentration of the sodium caseinate solution is 10% to 15%.
10. The method for preparing a bacterial enzyme compound feed additive according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S2, the crosslinking reaction is carried out at a temperature of 35–50°C for 5–30 minutes.