Traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating animal diarrhea, preparation, preparation method and application

Abstract

The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating animal diarrhea, a preparation, a preparation method and application, and the traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 100-400 parts of liquorice, 100-800 parts of herba fibraureae recisae and 100-800 parts of fructus schizandrae. The traditional Chinese medicine composition can be prepared into oral liquid and other dosage forms, has the effects of clearing heat and drying dampness, tonifying spleen and stopping diarrhea, and promoting blood circulation to remove meridian obstruction, and can effectively reduce animal diarrhea times, improve intestinal functions and enhance organism immunity. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is simple in formula, wide in medicine source, simple in preparation process, easy in quality control and remarkable in clinical effect, is suitable for preventing and treating animal diarrhea, and has a wide market prospect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of preparation of veterinary oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine, and particularly relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating animal diarrhea, a preparation, a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Animal diarrhea is one of the most common diseases in the breeding industry, which is mainly caused by bacterial and viral infections, indigestion, stress and other factors. Diarrhea can lead to dehydration and nutrient loss in animals, and seriously affect the growth and development and production performance of animals. At present, antibiotics are often used to treat animal diarrhea, which can take effect quickly, but long-term use can lead to bacterial resistance, drug residues and other problems, which seriously affect the safety of animal products and breeding benefits.

[0003] According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine for animals, the main pathogenesis of animal diarrhea is weakness of the spleen and stomach, internal accumulation of dampness and heat, and disorder of transportation and transformation. The evil of dampness and heat obstructs the spleen and stomach, leading to the mixing of clear and turbid and downward flow, resulting in diarrhea. Prolonged diarrhea can consume qi and yin, leading to blood stasis and obstruction of the intestinal vessels. Therefore, the basic principles of treatment are clearing heat and drying dampness, strengthening the spleen to stop diarrhea, and activating blood to unblock the collaterals.

[0004] There are some traditional Chinese medicine compounds for treating diarrhea in the prior art, but they generally have the disadvantages of complex prescription, high cost or unstable efficacy. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a traditional Chinese medicine for treating animals, which has a simple prescription, widely available medicine sources, safety and effectiveness, low price and fundamentally solves the prevention and treatment problems. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present application provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition, a preparation and a preparation method and application for preventing and treating animal diarrhea, so as to achieve the purpose of not only relieving diarrhea, but also significantly enhancing the body's immunity and achieving better clinical effect.

[0006] In order to achieve the purpose of the present application, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0007] In the first aspect, the present application provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating animal diarrhea, which is prepared from the following raw materials: 100-400 parts by weight of licorice, 100-800 parts by weight of yellow vine and 100-800 parts by weight of Schisandra chinensis.

[0008] Further, the traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared from the following raw materials: 100-400 parts by weight of licorice, 100-400 parts by weight of yellow vine and 200-600 parts by weight of Schisandra chinensis; or prepared from the following raw materials: 100-400 parts by weight of licorice, 200-600 parts by weight of yellow vine and 100-400 parts by weight of Schisandra chinensis.

[0009] Further, the traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared from licorice 100 parts, beiboux 100 parts and schisandra chinensis 100 parts; or is prepared from licorice 100 parts, beiboux 200 parts and schisandra chinensis 100 parts; or is prepared from licorice 100 parts, beiboux 100 parts and schisandra chinensis 200 parts.

[0010] In a second aspect, the present application provides a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for preventing and treating diarrhea of animals, which is prepared from the traditional Chinese medicine composition of the first aspect.

[0011] Further, the traditional Chinese medicine preparation is any one of oral liquid, powder, ointment, injection or capsule.

[0012] Further, the traditional Chinese medicine preparation is preferably oral liquid; the crude drug amount of the oral liquid is 0.5-6 g / mL, preferably 0.8-2 g / mL.

[0013] In a third aspect, the present application provides a preparation method of a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for preventing and treating diarrhea of animals, which comprises: mixing licorice, beiboux and schisandra chinensis according to a proportion, adding water to decoct and extract, combining the extract, concentrating and filtering, standing, centrifuging, sterilizing to obtain oral liquid.

[0014] Further, the amount of water added is 5-20 times of the weight of the traditional Chinese medicine raw material; the decocting and extracting temperature is 60-100 DEG C; the decocting and extracting is performed 1-3 times, each time for 0.5-2.5 h. The concentration temperature is 40-80 DEG C. The standing temperature is 4-25 DEG C, and the standing time is 4-24 h. The centrifuging speed is 3000-4500 r / min, and the centrifuging time is 5-30 min.

[0015] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides application of the traditional Chinese medicine composition of the first aspect in preparing a medicine for preventing or treating diarrhea of animals.

[0016] The present application provides a pure traditional Chinese medicine preparation for preventing and treating diarrhea of animals by screening and optimizing the prescription, which is prepared from schisandra chinensis, licorice and beiboux by a specific extraction process. The test shows that the oral liquid of the traditional Chinese medicine composition of the present application has good antidiarrheal effect on the castor oil-induced diarrhea model of mice, can significantly reduce the diarrhea frequency, and has certain inhibitory effect on the intestinal function of mice. Meanwhile, the oral liquid of the traditional Chinese medicine composition of the present application can effectively relieve and improve the clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, lassitude and debility of mice, and has significant curative effect.

[0017] The components of the present application are widely sourced, the effective components are relatively uniform, the quality is easy to control, the antidiarrheal effect is obvious, the preparation process is simple, and the present application provides a new effective selection for treating diarrhea of animals, and has wide market application prospect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Retention time and corresponding value of effective component schizandrol A in oral liquid obtained from Example 1, Example 2, Example 3.

[0019] Figure 2 Retention time and corresponding value of effective component palmatine in oral liquid obtained from Example 1, Example 2, Example 3.

[0020] Figure 3 Retention time and corresponding value of effective component glycyrrhizin, ammonium glycyrrhizinate in oral liquid obtained from Example 1, Example 2, Example 3.

[0021] Figure 4 HE staining results of paraffin sections of small intestinal tissues of each group in Test 1.

[0022] Figure 5 HE staining results of paraffin sections of liver tissues of each group in Test 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating diarrhea of animals provided by the present application comprises Schisandra chinensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Fibraurea recisa.

[0024] Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. or Glycyrrhiza glabra L. The nature and taste are sweet, and it is flat. It is related to heart, lung, spleen and stomach channels. The effects are tonifying the spleen and benefiting qi, expelling phlegm and relieving cough, harmonizing the middle and alleviating the acute, detoxifying and regulating various drugs and relieving drug toxicity and virulence. It is used for treating spleen and stomach weakness, lassitude and debility, cough and asthma, sore throat, poisoning and sores.

[0025] Fibraurea recisa Pierre. The nature and taste are bitter and cold. It is related to heart and liver channels. The effects are clearing heat and resolving toxin, purging fire and relieving constipation. It is used for treating internal heat and constipation, dysentery, sore throat, red and swollen eyes and sores.

[0026] Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. The nature and taste are sour, sweet and warm. It is related to lung, heart and kidney channels. The effects are astringing lung and intestines, producing saliva and stopping sweating, and tonifying kidney and astringing essence. It is used for treating lung deficiency and cough, chronic diarrhea, spontaneous and night sweating and spermatorrhea.

[0027] 1. Screening test of traditional Chinese medicine composition formula

[0028] (1) Formula design

[0029] The test selected Fructus Mume, Myrtle, Schisandra, Licorice, Bambusa, Spilanthes, and Atractylodes as raw materials, and the orthogonal test groups were designed as shown in Table 1.

[0030] Table 1 Orthogonal test table L8(2 7 )

[0031]

[0032]

[0033] Note: In Table 1, "1" represents selecting to use the medicine; "2" represents not using the medicine.

[0034] (2) Preparation of the prescription

[0035] Group 1: Take the same weight fraction of Fructus Mume, Myrtle, Schisandra, Licorice, Bambusa, Spilanthes, and Atractylodes, add 10 times the amount of water, decoct twice, 1.5 h each time, combine the filtrate, concentrate to contain 1 g / mL of crude drug at 60°C, filter, stand at 4°C for 6 h, then centrifuge at 4000 r / min for 15 min, sterilize, and obtain an oral solution.

[0036] Group 2: Take the same weight fraction of Fructus Mume, Myrtle, and Schisandra, add 10 times the amount of water, decoct twice, 1.5 h each time, combine the filtrate, concentrate to contain 1 g / mL of crude drug at 60°C, filter, stand at 4°C for 6 h, then centrifuge at 4000 r / min for 15 min, sterilize, and obtain an oral solution.

[0037] Group 3: Take the same weight fraction of Fructus Mume, Licorice, and Bambusa, add 10 times the amount of water, decoct twice, 1.5 h each time, combine the filtrate, concentrate to contain 1 g / mL of crude drug at 60°C, filter, stand at 4°C for 6 h, then centrifuge at 4000 r / min for 15 min, sterilize, and obtain an oral solution.

[0038] Group 4: Take the same weight fraction of Fructus Mume, Spilanthes, and Atractylodes, add 10 times the amount of water, decoct twice, 1.5 h each time, combine the filtrate, concentrate to contain 1 g / mL of crude drug at 60°C, filter, stand at 4°C for 6 h, then centrifuge at 4000 r / min for 15 min, sterilize, and obtain an oral solution.

[0039] Group 5: Take the same weight fraction of Myrtle, Licorice, and Spilanthes, add 10 times the amount of water, decoct twice, 1.5 h each time, combine the filtrate, concentrate to contain 1 g / mL of crude drug at 60°C, filter, stand at 4°C for 6 h, then centrifuge at 4000 r / min for 15 min, sterilize, and obtain an oral solution.

[0040] Group 6: Take equal parts of Myrtle, Coptis chinensis, and Atractylodes macrocephala, add 10 times the amount of water, decoct twice, 1.5 hours each time, combine the filtrates, concentrate at 60℃ to a raw drug content of 1g / mL, filter, let stand at 4℃ for 6 hours, centrifuge at 4000r / min for 15 minutes, sterilize, and obtain oral liquid.

[0041] Group 7: Take equal parts of Schisandra chinensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Atractylodes macrocephala, add 10 times the amount of water, decoct twice, 1.5 hours each time, combine the filtrates, concentrate at 60℃ to a raw drug content of 1 g / mL, filter, let stand at 4℃ for 6 hours, centrifuge at 4000 r / min for 15 minutes, sterilize, and obtain oral liquid.

[0042] Group 8: Take equal parts of Schisandra chinensis, Coptis chinensis, and Portulaca oleracea, add 10 times the amount of water, decoct twice, 1.5 hours each time, combine the filtrates, concentrate at 60℃ to a raw drug content of 1 g / mL, filter, let stand at 4℃ for 6 hours, centrifuge at 4000 r / min for 15 minutes, sterilize, and obtain oral liquid.

[0043] (3) Formulation screening

[0044] Experimental animals: SPF Kunming mice.

[0045] Grouping and administration: Mice were randomly divided into 11 groups of 6 mice each: blank control group, castor oil diarrhea model group, loperamide hydrochloride group (positive control) and drug groups 1-8.

[0046] Prophylactic administration phase: 5 days before the experiment, drug groups 1-8 were administered the corresponding oral solution by gavage at a dose of 10g / kg BW, the blank control group and the model group were administered the same volume of physiological saline by gavage, and the positive control group was administered loperamide hydrochloride by gavage at a dose of 5mg / kg BW once a day.

[0047] Modeling and Treatment: On day 6, except for the blank control group which was administered an equal volume of normal saline by gavage, all other groups were administered 0.5 mL of castor oil by gavage to induce diarrhea. 30 minutes after modeling, drug groups 1-8 were administered the corresponding oral solutions by gavage at a dose of 10 g / kg BW; the blank control group and the model group were administered an equal volume of normal saline by gavage; the positive control group was administered loperamide hydrochloride by gavage at a dose of 5 mg / kg BW.

[0048] Mice were housed individually in cages and observed. Filter paper was placed at the bottom of the cages and changed hourly for 4 hours. The total number of feces and the number of loose stools were recorded. The loose stool grade was recorded based on the diameter of the filter paper contamination (<1.0cm was grade 1, 1.0-1.9cm was grade 2, 2.0-3.0cm was grade 3, and >3.0cm was grade 4). The diarrhea score, loose stool rate, average loose stool grade, and diarrhea index were then calculated. Model validation results showed that compared with the blank group and the positive control group, where both the diarrhea score and diarrhea index were 0, the model group had significantly higher diarrhea score (10.5) and diarrhea index (0.62), indicating successful model establishment. Diarrhea was observed, and the diarrhea score, diarrhea index, and comprehensive score for each group were determined. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0049] Diarrhea score: 0 for normal stool; 2 for semi-solid stool; 3 for watery stool.

[0050] Loose stool rate (%) = (Number of loose stools / Total number of bowel movements) × 100

[0051] Average loose stool grade = Sum of all loose stool grades / Number of loose stools

[0052] Diarrhea Index = Loose Stool Rate × Average Loose Stool Grade

[0053] Comprehensive score calculation formula (converting scores and indices of different dimensions into comparable values):

[0054] Data standardization (Z-score)

[0055]

[0056] Control group: Negative control group (castor oil diarrhea model only, no treatment)

[0057] Weighted composite score

[0058] Overall score = (Z) 腹泻评分 ×40%)+(Z 腹泻指数 ×60%

[0059] Weight allocation basis

[0060] Diarrhea Index (60%): Reflects quantitative indicators such as total number of loose stools and total stool volume, providing greater objectivity;

[0061] Diarrhea score (40%): based on stool characteristics grading (such as the Bristol criteria), it is a semi-quantitative indicator.

[0062] A higher overall score indicates better overall treatment efficacy.

[0063] Table 2. Diarrhea scores, diarrhea index, comprehensive scores, and orthogonal experiment results for each drug group (groups 1-8).

[0064]

[0065] Note: In Table 1, "1" indicates that the herb is selected for use; "2" indicates that the herb is not used.

[0066] Table 2 shows that the order of influencing factors is: *Prunus mume* > *Rhodomyrtus tomentosa* > *Portulaca oleracea* > *Glycyrrhiza uralensis* > *Schisandra chinensis* = *Atractylodes macrocephala* > *Scutellaria baicalensis*. However, based on the effect score, the order of influence of the drug with the highest effect score is: *Scutellaria baicalensis* > *Schisandra chinensis* = *Atractylodes macrocephala* > *Glycyrrhiza uralensis* > *Portulaca oleracea* > *Rhodomyrtus tomentosa* > *Prunus mume*. Therefore, considering all factors, the formula selected licorice, *Scutellaria baicalensis*, and *Schisandra chinensis* for the experiment.

[0067] 2. Examples of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations and Their Preparation Methods

[0068] Example 1

[0069] Take 100 parts by weight of licorice root, 100 parts of *Schisandra chinensis*, and 100 parts by weight of schisandra fruit, add 10 times the amount of water, decoct twice, 1.5 hours each time, combine the filtrates, concentrate at 60°C to a crude drug content of 1 g / mL, filter, let stand at 4°C for 6 hours, centrifuge at 4000 r / min for 15 minutes, sterilize, and obtain an oral liquid. The retention times and corresponding values ​​of the active ingredients of the oral liquid obtained in this example are as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown by the blue line in the image.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] Take 100 parts by weight of licorice root, 200 parts of *Scutellaria baicalensis*, and 100 parts by weight of schisandra chinensis, add 10 times the amount of water, decoct twice, 1.5 hours each time, combine the filtrates, concentrate at 60℃ to a crude drug content of 1 g / mL, filter, let stand at 4℃ for 6 hours, centrifuge at 4000 r / min for 15 minutes, sterilize, and obtain an oral liquid. The retention times and corresponding values ​​of the active ingredients of the oral liquid obtained in this example are as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown by the green line in the image.

[0072] Example 3

[0073] Take 100 parts by weight of licorice root, 100 parts of *Scutellaria baicalensis*, and 200 parts of *Schisandra chinensis*, add 10 times the amount of water, decoct twice, 1.5 hours each time, combine the filtrates, concentrate at 60℃ to a crude drug content of 1 g / mL, filter, let stand at 4℃ for 6 hours, centrifuge at 4000 r / min for 15 minutes, sterilize, and obtain an oral liquid. The retention times and corresponding values ​​of the active ingredients of the oral liquid obtained in this example are as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown by the red line in the image.

[0074] 3. Examples of the application effects of traditional Chinese medicine preparations

[0075] Experimental animals: SPF Kunming mice.

[0076] Grouping and administration: Mice were randomly divided into 8 groups of 6 mice each: blank control group, castor oil diarrhea model group, loperamide hydrochloride group (positive control), drug 1-low, drug 1-medium, drug 1-high, drug 2 group, and drug 3 group.

[0077] Prophylactic administration phase: 5 days before the experiment, the drug 1-low, drug 1-medium, and drug 1-high groups were administered the oral solution in Example 1 by gavage at doses of 5, 10, and 20 g / kg BW, respectively. Drug groups 2 and 3 were administered the oral solution in Example 2 and 3 by gavage at a dose of 10 g / kg BW, respectively. The blank control group and the model group were administered the same volume of physiological saline by gavage. The positive control group was administered loperamide hydrochloride by gavage at a dose of 5 mg / kg BW, once a day.

[0078] Modeling and Treatment: On day 6, except for the blank control group which was administered an equal volume of normal saline by gavage, all other groups were administered 0.5 mL of castor oil by gavage to induce diarrhea. 30 minutes after modeling, the drug 1-low, drug 1-medium, and drug 1-high groups were administered the oral solution from Example 1 by gavage at doses of 5, 10, and 20 g / kg BW, respectively. Drug 2 and 3 groups were administered the oral solutions from Examples 2 and 3 by gavage at a dose of 10 g / kg BW, respectively. The blank control group and the model group were administered an equal volume of normal saline by gavage. The positive control group was administered loperamide hydrochloride by gavage at a dose of 5 mg / kg BW.

[0079] Mice were individually housed for observation, with filter paper placed at the bottom of the cages (changed hourly) for 4 hours. Diarrhea scores and diarrhea indexes were calculated using the methods described above, and the results are shown in Table 3. Simultaneously, small intestine and liver sections were collected for histological staining and morphological observation, and the results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, Figure 5 As shown in Table 3, the diarrhea score and diarrhea index of the model group mice were significantly higher than those of the blank control group (P<0.01), indicating that the castor oil diarrhea model was successfully established. The diarrhea score and diarrhea index of the loperamide hydrochloride group (positive control group) were significantly lower than those of the model group (P<0.01; P<0.05). The diarrhea scores and diarrhea indices of drug 1-high, drug 2, and drug 3 groups were all significantly lower than those of the model group (P<0.01), indicating that the traditional Chinese medicine oral liquid and loperamide prepared in this invention have significant preventive and therapeutic effects on the castor oil mouse diarrhea model. Figure 4 The results showed that the model group exhibited a diarrhea phenotype, and all treatment groups significantly reduced the diarrhea index. Multiple autolysis sites were observed at the tips of the intestinal villi in the intestinal mucosa layer of the model group; a small number of epithelial cells were shed. All treatment groups showed significant recovery of small intestinal symptoms. Figure 5The results showed that in the model group, a small number of hepatocytes showed necrosis and deep staining of the nuclei; a small amount of venous congestion was observed; and a small number of lymphocytes infiltrated around the bile ducts in the local portal area. In contrast, the positive control, drug 1-high, drug 2, and drug 3 treatment groups all showed significant recovery of liver tissue symptoms.

[0080] Table 3. Diarrhea scores and diarrhea indices in the mouse castor oil diarrhea model.

[0081] Group Diarrhea score Diarrhea index Blank control group 0.00±0.00 0.00±0.00 Model group 13.00 ± 1.64 ** ]] 0.74 ± 0.21 ** ]] Positive control group 4.25 ± 1.44 ## ]] 0.31 ± 0.15 # ]] Drug 1 - low group 11.33±2.68 0.53±0.12 Drug 1 - medium group 6.50 ± 2.35 ## ]] 0.52±0.20 Drug 1 - high group 0.83 ± 0.34 ## ]] 0.12 ± 0.06 ## ]] Drug 2 group 5.33 ± 1.52 ## ]] 0.28 ± 0.09 ## ]] Drug 3 group 2.00 ± 1.03 ## ]] 0.15 ± 0.08 ## ]]

[0082] ① Compared with the blank control group, * This indicates a significant difference (P<0.05); ** * indicates a highly significant difference (P<0.01); no * indicates no significant difference (P>0.05). ② Compared with the model group, # This indicates a significant difference (P<0.05); ## This indicates a highly significant difference (P<0.01); none. # The difference was not significant (P>0.05).

[0083] The above embodiments are specific illustrations of the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. After reading the disclosure of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make appropriate modifications to the embodiments or equivalent substitutions to some technical features without departing from the core ideas and scope of the present invention. Such modifications or substitutions should be considered to fall within the legal protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating diarrhea in animals, characterized in that, The traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared from licorice 100-400 parts by weight, bezoar 100-800 parts by weight and schisandra 100-800 parts by weight.

2. The traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating diarrhea in animals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared from licorice 100-400 parts by weight, bezoar 100-400 parts by weight, and schisandra 200-600 parts by weight; or prepared from licorice 100-400 parts by weight, bezoar 200-600 parts by weight, and schisandra 100-400 parts by weight.

3. The traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating diarrhea in animals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared from licorice 100 parts, bezoar 100 parts, and schisandra 100 parts; or prepared from licorice 100 parts, bezoar 200 parts, and schisandra 100 parts; or prepared from licorice 100 parts, bezoar 100 parts, and schisandra 200 parts.

4. A traditional Chinese medicine preparation for preventing and treating diarrhea of animals, characterized in that, The preparation is prepared from the traditional Chinese medicine composition of any one of claims 1-3.

5. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The traditional Chinese medicine preparation is any one of oral liquid, powder, ointment, injection or capsule.

6. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation according to claim 5, characterized in that, The crude drug amount of the oral liquid is 0.5-6 g / mL.

7. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The crude drug amount of the oral liquid is 0.8-2 g / mL.

8. The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation according to claim 7, characterized in that, Licorice, bezoar and schisandra are mixed in proportion, water is added to decoct and extract, the extract is combined, concentrated, filtered, and then allowed to stand, centrifuged and sterilized to obtain the oral liquid.

9. The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation according to claim 8, characterized in that, The water amount is 5-20 times the weight of the traditional Chinese medicine raw material, the decocting and extracting temperature is 60-100℃, the decocting and extracting is performed 1-3 times, each time for 0.5-2.5 h; the concentration temperature is 40-80℃; the standing temperature is 4-25℃, and the standing time is 4-24 h; the centrifuging speed is 3000-4500 r / min, and the centrifuging time is 5-30 min.

10. Use of the traditional Chinese medicine composition of any one of claims 1-3 in the preparation of a medicine for preventing or treating diarrhea in animals.

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